WO2007067087A1 - Procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie electrique, y compris a base de synthese thermonucleaire hybride, et dispositif destine a sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie electrique, y compris a base de synthese thermonucleaire hybride, et dispositif destine a sa mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007067087A1
WO2007067087A1 PCT/RU2005/000630 RU2005000630W WO2007067087A1 WO 2007067087 A1 WO2007067087 A1 WO 2007067087A1 RU 2005000630 W RU2005000630 W RU 2005000630W WO 2007067087 A1 WO2007067087 A1 WO 2007067087A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
rotor
thermal energy
converter
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2005/000630
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Vladimir Abramovich Namiot
Lemark Mihaylovich Klukin
Original Assignee
Vladimir Abramovich Namiot
Lemark Mihaylovich Klukin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vladimir Abramovich Namiot, Lemark Mihaylovich Klukin filed Critical Vladimir Abramovich Namiot
Priority to DE112005003785T priority Critical patent/DE112005003785B4/de
Priority to PCT/RU2005/000630 priority patent/WO2007067087A1/fr
Publication of WO2007067087A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007067087A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/04—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the boilers or condensers being rotated in use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D7/00—Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin

Definitions

  • a method for rotary conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy including based on hybrid fusion, and a device for its implementation.
  • the invention relates to the field of engine building and converters of thermal energy into electrical energy. It can be used as an economical and environmentally friendly source of electrical energy.
  • the efficiency is, in accordance with the Carnot formula, a value of the order of 0.4-0.5.
  • the technical result of the claimed method and device is to increase the efficiency by increasing the temperature of the coolant, using three-dimensional compression and expanding the coolant inside a closed cavity and refusing reciprocating motion and using instead of it rotational motion.
  • the specified technical result is achieved by the method of converting thermal energy into electrical energy, which consists in partially filling the internal working cavities of the rotary thermal energy converter formed between the rotor and the core pressed into it, the working fluid, starting the rotary thermal energy converter by spinning its rotor with an electromechanical converter while heating the generator thermal energy, buildup of oscillations of the working fluid by modulating the rotation speed by changing the supply voltage of the electromechanical converter, so that the oscillations in the opposed internal working cavities occur in antiphase, and the device is switched to the operating mode, in which the coolant is filled with the free part of the internal working cavities, introducing the coolant into the heat exchanger, compressing and pre-heating the coolant oscillating working fluid to a temperature below the temperature of the heat exchanger associated with the heat energy generator, the introduction will precede flax heated fluid to the heat exchanger with the simultaneous removal of the heated fluid from the heat exchanger into the free part of the internal working cavities, carrying out the heat carrier from the heat exchanger, expanding and cooling the heat carrier with the transfer of energy of
  • Thermal energy can be obtained using hybrid fusion. This allows you to further increase the temperature of the thermal energy generator, and, accordingly, the conversion efficiency, which makes it possible to return part of the energy removed from the thermal energy generator for reuse in it, thereby compensating for the losses existing in it.
  • the device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy contains a heat energy generator connected through a heat exchanger to a rotary heat energy converter, consisting of a rotor and a core, between which an even number of opposed cavities is formed, partially filled with working fluid, and partially coolant, as well as an electromechanical converter installed coaxially with them, the rotor of which is rigidly connected to the rotor of the converter thermal energy, and the stator through the control unit is connected to the load and the energy storage device, while the control unit is configured to supply energy to the energy storage device and the load at times when the angular velocity of the rotor increases, and disconnect the load and supply it from the energy storage device to the electromechanical Converter at times when the angular velocity of the rotor decreases.
  • thermonuclear fusion as a thermal energy generator
  • the thermal energy generator comprises an inner case separated by heat insulators from the external casing, connected through a heat exchanger to a rotary thermal energy converter, and consisting of a toroidal external cavity with matter, in which under the influence of fast neutrons can occur reactions of fission of nuclei, and surrounding the inner cylindrical cavity with gaseous m deuterium or tritium, coupled with on the one hand, with a unit connected to the external housing for pumping the gas mixture from the outdoor unit and separating deuterium and tritium, and on the other hand, with a source of accelerated ions, also connected to the unit for pumping the gas mixture from the outdoor unit and separating deuterium and tritium, and high voltage generator connected to the control unit.
  • the recovery efficiency should reach values of the order of (0.7 ⁇ 0.8). It is known that the efficiency of any heat engine cannot exceed the efficiency of an ideal Carnot cycle equal to:
  • T N AND T X are the temperatures of the heater and the refrigerator, respectively.
  • T N AND T X are the temperatures of the heater and the refrigerator, respectively.
  • T N AND T X are the temperatures of the heater and the refrigerator, respectively.
  • T N AND T X are the temperatures of the heater and the refrigerator, respectively.
  • T N AND T X are the temperatures of the heater and the refrigerator, respectively.
  • the task is to create a device which allows one to obtain a positive yield of energy released during fission of natural uranium nuclei or already used nuclear fuel under the influence of neutrons obtained in the synthesis of deuterium and tritium nuclei occurring in the corresponding (for example, deuterium) gas target when a beam accelerated through it reaches energies of several hundred electron-volt of ions (for example, tritium), and undesirable energy losses of accelerated ions due to ionization of gas atoms in the target (which, even in the best case, turn out to be more th power) are compensated during the recovery by rotary converter of thermal energy into electrical energy, after which the electrical energy is used again in the ion accelerator.
  • Figure 1.2 presents a General view of a device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy with a thermal energy generator
  • Figure 3.4 is a General view of a device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy with a thermal energy generator based on hybrid fusion.
  • a device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy contains a rotor 1, into which a core 2 is pressed in, connected by bearings 12 to a shaft 4, inside which a tube 13 for supplying working fluid 3 (for example, liquid metal - mercury) is placed, a tube 5 of the output of the cooled coolant of reduced density, and a tube 6 for input of the cooled coolant of increased density.
  • the shaft 4 is connected through a heat-insulating fastener 22 to the housing of the thermal energy generator 49, inside which there is a heat source 50 and a heat exchanger 21.
  • a stator 8 of an electromechanical converter is mounted, around which a rotor 7 of an electromechanical converter mounted on the rotor 1 can rotate.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) On the inner part of the core 2 there are circular slots for supplying a cooled coolant of high and low density.
  • valves 15 for supplying the working fluid 3
  • plug 14 for draining the working fluid.
  • openings 20 which, at a certain position of the tubes 5 and b relative to the rotor 1, connect these tubes to the internal working cavities formed between the surface of the core and the surface of the working fluid.
  • the core also has openings 24, which, at a predetermined position of the rotor 1, connect the working cavities with the heat exchanger 21.
  • the working fluid is shown in the state when the rotor 1 of the device is untwisted.
  • the switching system is designed to control the start-up of the rotary converter and the extraction of useful energy from the electromechanical converter and consists of an energy storage device 10 (which can be, for example, a capacitor), terminals 11 for connecting the load and the operating mode control unit 9, which contains the microprocessor 48 , analog-to-digital converters 41 and 42, keys 44 and 45, ballast resistor 46 and stabilizer 47.
  • the analog-to-digital converter 41 is designed to measure voltage on the electromechanical com converter, and analog-to-digital converter 42 and resistor 43 for measuring the current flowing into the stabilizer 47.
  • the control microprocessor 48 based on the measured current and voltage, generates control signals for switching keys 44 and 45 on and off at certain times that control the supply of energy to the stabilizer 47.
  • the compressor 23 is designed for isothermal compression of cooled heating medium flowing through the tube 16 connected with the tube 5 and ppooddaachchii uuzhzhee "ppooddzhzhaattooggoo oohhllaazhzhddeennnooggoo tteepplloonnoossiittee.lya through the tube 17 into tube 6.
  • the numerals 39 and 40 denote opposed cavity.
  • any source of thermal energy can be used, including an energy source based on hybrid thermonuclear fusion.
  • the thermal energy generator based on thermonuclear fusion contains an outer casing 18, inside which are located: an inner casing 19 made of a material with a sufficiently high melting point (for example, molybdenum or tungsten), and an accelerated ion source 27, creating a beam of tritium (or deuterium) ions accelerated to energies from one hundred to several hundred kiloelectron-volts. Power to the source of accelerated ions 27 is supplied from the high-voltage generator 28 through wires that are inserted into the outer casing 18 of the thermal energy generator through insulators 29.
  • a sufficiently high melting point for example, molybdenum or tungsten
  • a cavity 25 made in the form of a torus and filled with a substance in which fast neutrons can occur fission reactions (for example, it may be natural uranium, or already spent nuclear fuel).
  • a cavity 25 surrounds a cylindrical cavity 26 filled with gaseous deuterium (if a beam of accelerated tritium ions is used), or tritium (if a beam of accelerated ions of deuterium is used).
  • a beam of accelerated ions is introduced into the cylindrical cavity 26 through the hole 38.
  • the gas filling the cavity 26, which leaks through the same hole 38 into the outer housing 18 of the thermal energy generator, is sucked off using block 30, in which there is a vacuum pump and a device separation of deuterium and tritium, with deuterium being discharged through tube 31, and tritium through tube 32. Subsequently, these gases discharged through tubes 31 and 32 are pumped, respectively, through tubes 33 and 34, back to the accelerated ion source 27 and into the cavity 26.
  • the wall of the inner casing 19 of heat generator 21 is also situated a heat exchanger in which the heat transfer of the coolant (which in this case is a working body). To reduce spurious heat losses, a vacuum is maintained in the gap between the outer and inner casing of the heat energy generator, and the gas entering the gap is evacuated through opening 36. To avoid heat losses associated with radiation, the internal
  • Pre-bring the system to operating mode fill the working fluid into the working cavity, i.e. the cavity between the core surface and the inner surface of the rotor 1.
  • voltage is applied to the electromechanical converter, which operates in the engine mode and rotates the rotor 1 and the core 2 pressed into it. Under the action of centrifugal force, the working fluid 3 is forced into the outer region of the cavities 39 and 40 (as shown).
  • the voltage supplied to the electromechanical converter has a constant component and a variable modulated in time. After that, periodically changing the voltage supplied by the control unit 9 to the electromechanical converter, the oscillation of the working fluid 3 is carried out.
  • M 15 M 2 are the masses of the working fluid in the cavities
  • ⁇ y 15 O 2 are the natural frequencies of the vibrations of the working fluid
  • x, (t) x 2 (t) - determine the deviations of the level of the working fluid from the equilibrium position in one of the halves of the cavity
  • index 1 refers to the cavities discharging the coolant from the heat exchanger
  • index 2 refers to the cavities pumping the coolant into the heat exchanger
  • the denominator in these formulas is distinguished by a sign (where index 2 is positive, where index 1 is negative). This means that the oscillations occur in antiphase.
  • the control unit 9 puts the device into operation.
  • the electromechanical converter is already used both for taking out the energy released in the device and for returning it to the system.
  • the volume of the cavity 39 free from the working fluid which injects the coolant into the heat exchanger (it is shown in the figure above) becomes as large as possible, a cooled high-density coolant is introduced into it, which, further, is additionally adiabatically compressed during the reverse movement of the working fluid.
  • Such compression in which the piston is a liquid, differs from the usual compression scheme in known internal combustion engines (ICE) in that it can be made three-dimensional (in contrast to the usual one-dimensional compression, in which the volume occupied by the coolant is proportional to the first degree of magnitude, characterizing the level shift), in which the volume is proportional to the third degree of the magnitude characterizing the level shift.
  • ICE internal combustion engines
  • the heat carrier through the opening that is open at this moment enters the heat exchanger and there it is additionally heated to the temperature T N -
  • the heat carrier that has already passed through the heat exchanger and heated to the temperature T N is discharged through its second end and the opening open at that moment into at this moment, the minimum volume is half the cavity 40.
  • the tube 5 opens, and during the subsequent compression of the cavity, the cooled coolant of reduced density is discharged into the compressor 23, in which it is isothermally compressed at the temperature of the external cooling medium T x , giving the external cooling medium (which acts as a refrigerator) part of the heat.
  • the compressor output cold heat carrier of increased density, which is reused according to the scheme described here.
  • the heat carrier expands, giving part of the energy of the working fluid and increasing the amplitude of its oscillations, and in the cavity, which injects the coolant into the heat exchanger, the heat carrier adiabatically compresses the working fluid, taking part of the energy from it and decreasing its amplitude fluctuations
  • the electromechanical converter is disconnected from the external load and operates in the motor mode, and the power is supplied by the energy stored in the energy storage 10.
  • the electromechanical converter periodically removes energy from the rotor, then adds it back to it.
  • An electromechanical converter takes energy from the rotor in that part of the period when its angular velocity is increased, and adds energy to that part of the period when its angular velocity decreases. At the same time, it on average takes more energy than it adds, and the difference partly goes to the external load, and partly to the drive.
  • the microprocessor with a clock frequency supplies a control signal to the analog-to-digital Converter 41 for measuring voltage.
  • the magnitude of this voltage is determined by the angular velocity of rotation of the electromechanical converter.
  • the key 44 Upon reaching a certain predetermined voltage value, at which the angular speed of rotation of the electromechanical converter is in the region of the maximum, according to the control signal, the key 44 provides voltage to the stabilizer 47 and through it, respectively, to all energy consumers connected to it.
  • the analog-to-digital converter 42 the current flowing to the stabilizer 47 is measured. The readings taken from 42 and 41 are multiplied in the microprocessor 48 and then summed. This sum determines the amount of energy supplied to the stabilizer 47.
  • the microprocessor 48 sends a signal to the key 45, which additionally includes a ballast resistance 46 in parallel with the stabilizer 47 Thus, an additional energy removal is carried out. After the sum of the products thus obtained reaches some other, also in advance, predetermined value, and further energy consumption will already lead to damping of the working fluid oscillations, both the stabilizer with all energy consumers connected to it and the ballast resistance (if it is turned on) are turned off . Then the microprocessor 48 waits a certain time (during which the analog-to-digital Converter 41 takes measurements), and repeats the cycle.
  • the microprocessor 48 corrects those predetermined values, discussed above. Since the angular speed of rotation of the device is related to the voltage and current of the electromechanical converter, in essence, the control unit provides energy from the drive at angular velocities close to the minimum, and load and energy storage are connected at angular speeds close to the maximum.
  • the vibrational energy of the working fluid remains constant: the amplitude of the oscillations does not fade, but does not increase.
  • a source based on hybrid thermonuclear fusion works as follows: Fill the cavity 26 with gaseous deuterium and simultaneously supply gaseous tritium to the source of accelerated ions 27. After that, a high voltage is supplied from the high-voltage generator 28 to the source of accelerated ions 27, which accelerates the tritium ions formed in it to energies ⁇ (15O ⁇ ⁇ OO) kiloelectronvolt. Accelerated tritium ions are introduced into cavity 26 and collide there with deuterium molecules, ionizing them and, in a relatively small number of cases, carrying out a nuclear fusion reaction. Fast neutrons formed during the synthesis of nuclei enter the cavity 25 and cause the fission of U 238 nuclei there.
  • the total energy which includes both the energy lost by tritium ions to deuterium ionization, and the energy of nuclear fission and synthesis, is released in the form of heat and heats the inner case 19 of the thermal energy generator.
  • Vacuum thermal insulation allows you to reduce unwanted heat flux from the inner casing 19 of the thermal energy generator to its outer casing 18. This makes it possible to raise the temperature of the inner casing of the thermal energy generator 19 TV to values exceeding 2000 degrees Celsius.
  • the efficiency of the reverse conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy should not be lower (0.7 ⁇ 0.8). Since the efficiency of the process is a decisive factor for the device under consideration, we give an estimate of the efficiency when using a monatomic (inert) gas as a heat carrier. For a monatomic gas, the efficiency in the process described above can be set with satisfactory accuracy by the relation in the limit when T—> T N , ⁇ —> 1—— as follows from the Carnot formula (1).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de transformation rotatif d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique, y compris à base de synthèse thermonucléaire hybride, et un dispositif destiné à sa mise en oeuvre. On peut utiliser ces procédé et dispositif pour créer une source d'énergie électrique économique et respectueuse de l'environnement possédant un rendement élevé, et ce grâce à l'augmentation de la température du caloporteur, à l'utilisation d'une compression en trois dimensions, à la dilatation du caloporteur à l'intérieur d'une enceinte close, à l'abandon du mouvement en va-et-vient et à l'utilisation à sa place du mouvement rotatif.
PCT/RU2005/000630 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie electrique, y compris a base de synthese thermonucleaire hybride, et dispositif destine a sa mise en oeuvre WO2007067087A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112005003785T DE112005003785B4 (de) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Wärmeenergie in elektrische Energie und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
PCT/RU2005/000630 WO2007067087A1 (fr) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie electrique, y compris a base de synthese thermonucleaire hybride, et dispositif destine a sa mise en oeuvre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2005/000630 WO2007067087A1 (fr) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie electrique, y compris a base de synthese thermonucleaire hybride, et dispositif destine a sa mise en oeuvre

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WO2007067087A1 true WO2007067087A1 (fr) 2007-06-14

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PCT/RU2005/000630 WO2007067087A1 (fr) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 Procede de transformation d'energie thermique en energie electrique, y compris a base de synthese thermonucleaire hybride, et dispositif destine a sa mise en oeuvre

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1366654A (en) * 1970-06-15 1974-09-11 Laing Nikolaus Thermal prime mover
US4269031A (en) * 1979-03-02 1981-05-26 Loskot John E Heat engine
SU920239A1 (ru) * 1979-06-18 1982-04-15 Предприятие П/Я М-5356 Паросилова установка
SU1366701A1 (ru) * 1986-03-24 1988-01-15 Предприятие П/Я М-5356 Турбонасосный агрегат
US5010735A (en) * 1989-10-06 1991-04-30 Geophysical Engineering Company Centrifugal heat engine and method for using the same
RU1697481C (ru) * 1988-01-11 1995-06-19 Киевский политехнический институт Паросиловая установка пухового

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2175395C1 (ru) 2000-02-25 2001-10-27 Научно-производственное предприятие "Агродизель" Способ работы дизельного двигателя

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1366654A (en) * 1970-06-15 1974-09-11 Laing Nikolaus Thermal prime mover
US4269031A (en) * 1979-03-02 1981-05-26 Loskot John E Heat engine
SU920239A1 (ru) * 1979-06-18 1982-04-15 Предприятие П/Я М-5356 Паросилова установка
SU1366701A1 (ru) * 1986-03-24 1988-01-15 Предприятие П/Я М-5356 Турбонасосный агрегат
RU1697481C (ru) * 1988-01-11 1995-06-19 Киевский политехнический институт Паросиловая установка пухового
US5010735A (en) * 1989-10-06 1991-04-30 Geophysical Engineering Company Centrifugal heat engine and method for using the same

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DE112005003785B4 (de) 2010-06-10
DE112005003785T5 (de) 2008-10-16

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