WO2007064239A1 - Demultiplexeur optique commande - Google Patents

Demultiplexeur optique commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007064239A1
WO2007064239A1 PCT/RU2005/000608 RU2005000608W WO2007064239A1 WO 2007064239 A1 WO2007064239 A1 WO 2007064239A1 RU 2005000608 W RU2005000608 W RU 2005000608W WO 2007064239 A1 WO2007064239 A1 WO 2007064239A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
stage
channels
input
mzi
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Application number
PCT/RU2005/000608
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Sakharov
Original Assignee
Nechaev, Alexandr Vladimirovich
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Application filed by Nechaev, Alexandr Vladimirovich filed Critical Nechaev, Alexandr Vladimirovich
Priority to PCT/RU2005/000608 priority Critical patent/WO2007064239A1/fr
Publication of WO2007064239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007064239A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29346—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by wave or beam interference
    • G02B6/2935—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means
    • G02B6/29352—Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means in a light guide
    • G02B6/29355—Cascade arrangement of interferometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29395—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fiber-optic communication systems (hereinafter BOCC) with spectral multiplexing of channels, in particular to controlled optical multiplexer devices and can be used in systems of dense spectral multiplexing (hereinafter DWDM) and moderate spectral multiplexing (hereinafter CWDM).
  • BOCC fiber-optic communication systems
  • DWDM dense spectral multiplexing
  • CWDM moderate spectral multiplexing
  • Spectral multiplexing technologies using state-of-the-art related systems and devices meet existing BOCC bandwidth requirements. Nevertheless, in order to meet new and increasing requirements from the side of developers of communication systems, further improvement and expansion of the used technical means is necessary.
  • One of the directions in the development of spectral compression technologies is the use of an approach in which the carrier frequencies of the channels become dynamically tunable.
  • controlled optical demultiplexers with tunable optical channel carriers (hereinafter referred to as controlled optical demultiplexers) are also required.
  • Managed optical demultiplexers can be used for their main purpose as devices for dividing and outputting channels individually to photodetectors. They can also be part of more complex devices and spectral multiplexing systems with dynamic functionality, for example, multi-channel controlled input / output multiplexers.
  • Controlled optical demultiplexers can also be used in multichannel sensor systems, in optical analog systems for various purposes, for optical filtering and other purposes.
  • optical demultiplexers of various types have been developed and are being used, for example, demultiplexers in the form of multistage structures on interference filters or diffraction lattices, planar demultiplexers on the so-called phased bundles (AWG) and, finally, the closest to the present invention, multi-stage woody structures based on asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs).
  • MZIs Mach-Zehnder interferometers
  • MZIs are characterized by low optical losses and have a low polarization dependence.
  • the IMC structure with a number of steps of 8–9 is characterized by high selectivity and is able to cover the full spectral band used in spectral densification systems.
  • a typical design of a demultiplexer at the IMC, intended for use in a fiber-optic communication system with a spectral multiplexing of 2 N channels and a frequency interval between adjacent channels ⁇ v, is an N-step structure of the "tree" type containing 2 n 'in each of the fifth steps single-stage MZI.
  • the multiplexer has one input for supplying an optical signal from the optical line and 2 N outputs for demultiplexed channels (US, 6349158, Bl), (US, 6487335, Bl).
  • the MZI in the first stage divides the channels into two groups, one containing odd channels, and the second - even channels; the spectral interval between the channels in each of the two groups becomes equal to 2- ⁇ v.
  • Both groups are sent to the second stage, in which two MZIs again divide the channels into 4-pe groups, the spectral interval between channels in 4 new groups is now 4- ⁇ v.
  • Modern optical technology provides a fairly large selection of MZIs that can be used in demultiplexers, including those with dynamic functionality.
  • the basic and simplest structure is an asymmetric single-stage MZI (hereinafter - a single-stage MZI).
  • single-stage MZIs are non-ideal form of spectral characteristics, which, when used in spectral multiplexing systems with a high channel density, can cause crosstalk and poor channel ISOLATION.
  • Significantly better spectral characteristics have two-stage asymmetric MZIs and multi-stage asymmetric MZIs (hereinafter - two-stage and multi-stage MZIs).
  • Multistage MZIs are also characterized by significantly lower introduced dispersion.
  • a controlled optical demultiplexer which could be made in the form of a multi-stage structure, including a sufficiently large number of MZIs, should be maximally protected from environmental influences - temperature instabilities, vibrations, etc. Therefore, to ensure the necessary stability and reliability, the device must have a high degree of integration used by the IMC and be compact.
  • the most suitable technology for the manufacture of such a device may be integrated optical technology.
  • the present invention aims to provide a controlled optical demultiplexer for spectral multiplexing systems with dynamic functionality.
  • the demultiplexer must meet the existing requirements for channel isolation and dispersion and be suitable for integrated optical performance.
  • the task was to develop a method for demultiplexing a multi-channel optical signal by controlling the spectral characteristics of the filter stages of the demultiplexer.
  • a multi-channel optical signal is passed through an N-stage structure and demultiplicated channels are obtained at the outputs of the optical filters of the last stage.
  • the problem was also solved by creating a controlled optical demultiplexer for a fiber-optic communication system with spectral multiplexing of 2 N channels, the optical frequencies of which can be tuned for a constant spectral interval between adjacent channels ⁇ v, having one input port and at least one output port, and including:
  • each of the two outputs of the optical filter of the last stage was connected to one of their output ports.
  • the optical filters of the multi-stage structure are single-stage and / or two-stage and / or multi-stage asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and to control the adjustment of the transmission coefficients, the optical filters contain electro-optical or thermo-optical phase shift devices.
  • the demultiplexer was made by integrated-optical technology on a single chip.
  • the input port and all output ports in the demultiplexer are made using optical fibers.
  • the demultiplexer according to the invention is formed in the form of a multi-stage tree structure of optical filters, each of which divides the channels into odd and even ones and has elements for controlled tuning of spectral characteristics.
  • optical filters of several types can simultaneously be used as optical filters in one device — single-stage MZIs and / or two-stage MZIs and / or multi-stage MZIs.
  • multistage MZIs are used; as the spectral interval between channels increases, subsequent stages use two-stage and even single-stage MZIs.
  • phase shift devices for example, electro- or thermo-optical phase shift devices
  • phase shift devices that are controlled externally provide for the tuning of the spectral characteristics of the optical filters and, as a result, the necessary tuning of the spectral characteristics of the entire controlled optical demultiplexer.
  • electro-optical phase shift device guarantees an extremely high speed of controlled tuning of the spectral characteristics of a controlled optical demultiplexer.
  • FIG. IA scheme of the well-known single-stage MZI
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic representation of the well-known single-stage MZI shown in FIG. Ia
  • FIG. 2 dependences of transmission coefficients on the optical frequency for a single-stage MZI shown in FIG. IA
  • Fig.ZA is a diagram of a well-known two-stage MZI
  • Fig.ZB conditional image of the well-known two-stage MZI shown in Fig.Z A
  • Fig.5B is a conditional image of a known multi-stage filter shown in Fig.5A,
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of one embodiment of a controlled optical demultiplexer according to the present invention.
  • the main element of a controlled optical demultiplexer is an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer or, as they agreed to call it, a single-stage MZI.
  • This is a well-known and often used device in optics (M. Worp, E. WoIf. "The Ortis Vasse", Regamop Press, Oxford, Fifth Ohrd, Fif Editiop, 1975, pp. 312-316; Translation into Russian: M. Born and E. Wolf. "Fundamentals of Optics. Lane. Edited by GP Motulevich. Nauka, M., 1970, p. 342-346).
  • FIG. IA is a schematic representation of a waveguide version of a single-stage MZI 10, its conditional image is shown in Fig.lB.
  • the device 10 is placed on one substrate 11, where the single-stage MZI 12 itself is formed by two arms 12-1 and 12-1 located between the first 13 and second 14 splitters, formed by waveguides of unequal length I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • the coupling coefficients ki and k 2 of the splitters 13 and 14 are equal and divide the optical power in a ratio of 50/50.
  • the one-stage MZI 12 has conclusions a and k of one side and conclusions c and d on the other side.
  • a single-stage MZI in the arm 12-2 contains a phase shift device 15, which is a controllable element used to adjust the spectral characteristics and can introduce an additional phase shift ⁇ into the phase of the traveling wave.
  • phase shift device 15 can be manufactured using a thermo-optical material, such as silicone, or an electro-optical material, such as lithium niobate (LiNbO3) or gallium arsenide.
  • thermo-optical material such as silicone
  • electro-optical material such as lithium niobate (LiNbO3) or gallium arsenide.
  • phase shift devices are known in the spectral densification technique as a tool for tuning the spectral characteristics of optical filters based on the MZI, and are also used in other devices - modulators and switches.
  • the light intensity at the two output ports c and d can be expressed using the transmission coefficients K ac (v, ⁇ ) and K ad (v, ⁇ ):
  • transmission coefficients (1) ⁇ (4) become the spectral characteristics of a single-stage MZI.
  • the spectral characteristics (1) ⁇ (4) are periodic functions of the frequency of light v and wavelength ⁇ , the difference in arm lengths ⁇ L, refractive index n, and phase shift ⁇ .
  • a single-stage MZI is a reversible device.
  • the distance between adjacent extrema ⁇ v (or ⁇ ) in the spectral characteristics for a real single-stage MZI should be formed at the stage of its manufacture by selecting the corresponding difference in arm lengths AL and refractive index p.
  • the controllable adjustment of the position of the extreme values of the transmission coefficients relative to the given frequencies ⁇ V J ⁇ ( or wavelengths ⁇ j ⁇ ) should be performed using appropriate adjustment of the phase shift ⁇ when using an optical filter as part of any particular device state.
  • Figure 2 shows the transmission coefficients K ac (v, ⁇ ) and K ac j (v, ⁇ ) as a function of the optical frequency for some single-stage MZI, which for the corresponding values of the phase delay D and phase shift ⁇ has a distance between adjacent extrema of 50 GHz and can thus be used to separate even and odd channels with an interval between adjacent frequency channels of 50 GHz.
  • Solid lines show the spectral dependence of the transmission coefficient K ac (v, ⁇ ), according to which one group of channels, odd channels, is output with
  • dashed lines show the spectral dependence of the transmission coefficient K ac i (v, ⁇ ), which is responsible for outputting another group of channels, - even channels, - to output d.
  • the disadvantage of this optical filter is non-planar peaks and slowly falling edges of the spectral bands, which with a small spectral interval between the channels can cause crosstalk between adjacent channels.
  • Another known drawback is that with a large difference in the lengths of the arms AL, the introduced dispersion can be very large (US, 6782158, B). These disadvantages limit the possibility of using single-stage MZIs in devices used in communication systems with spectral channel multiplexing.
  • a significant improvement in the spectral characteristics of the optical filter for devices and systems for spectral multiplexing is provided, as is known (US, 6782158, B), with two-stage MZIs, which can be performed using fiber optic splitters, beam splitters, prism mirrors, polarizers, and other devices, and in the integrated optical form, and contain at the same time phase shift devices.
  • FIG. 3A shows a schematic representation of a waveguide version of a two-stage MZI 30; its conditional image is shown in FIG. 3B. It uses three splitters 31, 32 and 33 with coupling coefficients k b k 2 and k 3 , respectively, forming two single-stage MZIs 34 and 35.
  • the device 30 is placed on a single substrate 36.
  • the first single-stage MZI 34 is formed by two waveguides 34-1 and 34-2 of unequal length I 34-I and I 34-2 , respectively.
  • the second single-stage MZI 35 is formed by two waveguides 35-1 and 35-2 of unequal length I 35 -1 and bs- 2 , respectively.
  • MZI 34 and 35 use phase shift devices 37 and 38, which introduce phase shifts ⁇ and f, respectively.
  • the two-stage MZI has conclusions a and b on the one hand and conclusions e and / on the other hand.
  • the two-stage MZI has a much better shape of the spectral characteristics, close to rectangular - with a flat top and a steep decline along the edges of the spectral bands. Therefore, a two-stage MZI used as an optical filter provides better crosstalk suppression and high channel isolation. Nevertheless, the introduced dispersion of the two-stage MZI remains large, and therefore its use as a filter in communication systems with a high data transfer rate is limited.
  • Figure 5A shows one of the variants of the multi-stage MZI 50, which can be used to separate the odd and even channels; conditional image of a multi-stage MZI is shown in Fig.5B.
  • the device 50 in planar design is placed on one substrate (crystal) 51 and includes three complementary two-stage MZIs: in the first cascade, a two-stage MZI 52 of type 1 is used, and in the second cascade two two-stage MZIs 53 and 54 are used, both types ⁇ , respectively sign of variance.
  • a signal is entered into port a of the two-stage MZI 52, as usual, the channels are divided into two groups, in one group the odd channels, and in the other even channels; in the second stage, MZI 53 passes odd channels to its output e, and MZI 54 passes even channels to its output /, so the odd and even channels are in the external ports pak, respectively. Since the variances of the two-stage MZI 52 and the two-stage MZI 53 and 54 have opposite signs, the dispersion of the multi-stage MZI 50 is compensated — zero or almost zero.
  • FIG.6 A diagram of one embodiment of a controlled optical demultiplexer according to the present invention is shown in Fig.6.
  • Demultiplexer 60 is a three-stage structure of the "tree" type on seven optical filters.
  • the first optical filter 61 of the first stage of the multi-stage structure is connected with its output ports to the next two optical filters 62-1 and 62-2 of the second stage, which in turn are connected by their output ports to the following four optical filters ⁇ 63-1, ... 63 -4 ⁇ third stage.
  • the whole device is made on one substrate (crystal) 64.
  • optical fiber 65 is used as a common input port
  • optical fibers ⁇ 66-1, ..., 66-8 ⁇ as 8 output ports, each for outputting a separate channel.
  • the optical filters of all three stages, as well as their ports, are connected to external waveguides by 67, formed on the substrate 64.
  • the waveguides ⁇ 65, 66-1, 66-2, ..., 66-8 ⁇ are optically matched with the waveguides 67 with maximum efficiency.
  • the dynamic control of the demultiplexer operation is carried out by tuning the spectral characteristics of seven optical filters when applying phase shift devices contained in all filters corresponding to the voltage. Management is carried out using the controller 68, which is connected to the optical filters with an electric bus 69.
  • the design of the demultiplexer 60 is such that, as the optical signal transitions from the previous stage to the next stage, the spectral intervals between channels become twice as wide.
  • the spectral interval between the channels is minimal, for filters 63-1 ⁇ 63-4, on the contrary, the maximum, for the filters 62-1 and 62-2 used in the second stage, the spectral interval is intermediate. Therefore, the requirements for the characteristics used in the respective filter stages can be different.
  • optical filters in this example the following can be used: in the first stage - a multi-stage MZI shown in Fig.5B, in the second stage - two-stage MZI shown in Fig.ZB and in the third stage - single-stage MZI shown in Fir.lB.
  • the input and output ports of the optical filters of the first and second stages should be connected in such a way that the optical signal is passed in the direction from the first to the second cascade of two-stage MZIs 62-1 and 62-2 and two-stage MZIs that are part of the multi-stage MZIs ⁇ 63-1, ..., 63-4 ⁇ .
  • phase transfer coefficient from input port 65 to input port 66-3 should have the values: K crab6 _ 3 (v 3 ) L and K 66-3 (V) 0 0 for v ⁇ k ,.
  • Other phase transfer coefficients of the demultiplexer 60 of course, for frequencies of other channels also have a corresponding form at phase shifts ⁇ * n ⁇ and ⁇ f * n ⁇ .
  • the demultiplexer 60 functions as a regular demultiplexer with fixed channel frequencies.
  • An optical signal, the center frequencies of the channels of which ⁇ Vj ⁇ v v v 2 , ..., v 8 , enters the input port 65.
  • the multi-stage MZI 61 divides the channels into odd V
  • the two-stage MZIs 62-1 and 61-2 again divide the channels coming to them, while the two-stage MZIs 62-1 directs the channels with frequencies v 2 and V 6 to the single-stage MZIs 63-1 and the channels with frequencies V 4 and V 8 to the single-stage MZI 63-2, and two-stage MZI 62-2 routes channels with carrier frequencies v ( and v 5 to a single-stage MZI 63-3 and channels with frequencies v 3 and v 7 - to a single-stage MZI 63-4.
  • Table 1 Table 1
  • controllable optical demultiplexer may differ from the device 60 described in the number and type of optical filters used.
  • M is a value from a number of 4, 16, 32, ... 2 N for N> 2
  • the required number of steps increases to 5
  • the number of optical filters used increases to 31.
  • the tuning of optical filters in each stage should be carried out in such a way that for the optical frequency of each of the 2 N channels, the coefficients the transmission of the demultiplexer from the input port to one of the 2 N output ports would have a maximum value.
  • two-stage or even single-stage MZIs can be used as optical filters. Note that due to the reversibility of the optical characteristics of single-stage MZIs, the device as a whole will also be reversible, that is, it can be used as a controlled multiplexer / demultiplexer.
  • Controlled optical demultiplexers can be used not only in communication systems with spectral multiplexing, but also in other systems, for example, in multichannel sensor systems, for optical filtering, in analog systems of various purposes, etc.
  • the considered device 60 can be used in an optical system with fixed channel frequencies, in which it is necessary to change the position of the channels on the output ports.
  • the required functioning can also be achieved by means of corresponding changes in the phase shifts ⁇ n ⁇ and ⁇ f n ⁇ .
  • ⁇ n ⁇ and ⁇ f n ⁇ For example, to swap the position of channels with frequencies V
  • and v; in ports 66-1 and 66-2, it is necessary to change the phase ⁇ 63 .i: ⁇ * 63 -i - » ⁇ 63- i + ⁇ 63 using the phase shift device in the single-stage MZI 64. b where ⁇ 63 _i ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the controllable optical demultiplexer according to the present invention can be used in fiber-optic lines and communication systems with spectral multiplexing of channels, including trunk lines where DWDM technology is used, and in regional, city and local communication systems where CBDM technology is used .
  • the controlled optical demultiplexer can be implemented using existing integrated optical technologies.

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un démultiplexeur optique commandé servant à démultiplexer des canaux dans un système de communication à fibres optiques à multiplexage spectral de 2N canaux dont les fréquences optiques peuvent être resyntonisées à un intervalle spectral constant entre des canaux voisins Δυ, lequel démultiplexeur optique comprend une structure multiétagée de filtres optiques pourvus d'éléments de syntonisation commandée de coefficients de transmission. Les filtres optiques se présentent sous la forme d'interféromètres de Mach-Zehnder (MZI) asymétriques à un étage et/ou d'interféromètres de Mach-Zehnder (MZI) asymétriques à deux étages et/ou d'interféromètres de Mach-Zehnder (MZI) asymétriques à étages multiples. La resyntonisation commandée des coefficients de transmission de filtres optiques est effectuée au moyen de dispositifs de déphasage électrooptiques ou thermooptiques. Ce démultiplexeur peut être produit selon une technique optique intégrée sous la forme d'un dispositif à l'état solide monolithique.
PCT/RU2005/000608 2005-11-29 2005-11-29 Demultiplexeur optique commande WO2007064239A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2319419A (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-20 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd An efficient dispersion and loss compensating wavelength division demultiplexer
US6349158B1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-02-19 Tera Fiberoptics, Inc Hybrid cascade structure for DWDM
US6602000B1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2003-08-05 Lucent Technologies Inc. Reconfigurable add/drop for optical fiber communication systems
RU2215312C1 (ru) * 2002-06-07 2003-10-27 Институт проблем лазерных и информационных технологий РАН Многоканальное устройство для частотного разделения/объединения световых сигналов в волоконно-оптических линиях связи

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2319419A (en) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-20 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd An efficient dispersion and loss compensating wavelength division demultiplexer
US6602000B1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2003-08-05 Lucent Technologies Inc. Reconfigurable add/drop for optical fiber communication systems
US6349158B1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-02-19 Tera Fiberoptics, Inc Hybrid cascade structure for DWDM
RU2215312C1 (ru) * 2002-06-07 2003-10-27 Институт проблем лазерных и информационных технологий РАН Многоканальное устройство для частотного разделения/объединения световых сигналов в волоконно-оптических линиях связи

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