Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
  • H04W36/005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off involving radio access media independent information, e.g. MIH [Media independent Hand-off]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
  • H04L43/06—Generation of reports
  • H04L43/062—Generation of reports related to network traffic
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
  • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
  • H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
  • H04L43/0811—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking connectivity
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
  • H04W36/144—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology
  • H04W36/1446—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology wherein at least one of the networks is unlicensed
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/16—Performing reselection for specific purposes
  • H04W36/18—Performing reselection for specific purposes for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W84/00—Network topologies
  • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
  • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
  • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
  • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
  • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
  • H04L41/0813—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
  • H04L41/0816—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
  • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

• the present invention is related to communication systems. More particularly, the present invention is related to a method and system, for media independent handover (MIH) using an Ethernet operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) protocol.
• MIH media independent handover
• OAM administration and maintenance
• IEEE 802.21 provides architecture to enable a seamless handover process based on measurements and triggers supplied from link layers.
• IEEE 802.21 defines media independent event service (ES), command service (CS) and information service (IS).
• IEEE 802.21 also defines medium access control (MAC) layer service access points (SAPs) and associated primitives for each specific access technology.
• ES media independent event service
• CS command service
• IS information service
• MAC medium access control
• SAPs layer service access points
• MAC or physical layer-based event notification for link status updates between a user equipment (UE) and an MIH point of service (PoS).
• the MIH EIS events include link up, link down, link parameters change, link going down, service data unit (SDU) transmission status, link event rollback, pre trigger (L2 handoff imminent), and the like.
• SDU service data unit
• L2 handoff imminent pre trigger (L2 handoff imminent)
• link layer extensions required to support MIH EIS are under consideration for various technologies.
• IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet first mile provides an extension to the 802.3 physical layer signaling to facilitate a connectivity status determination. IEEE 802.3ah provides link monitoring, fault signaling and remote loopback.
• Link monitoring serves for detecting and indicating link faults under a variety of conditions so entities can detect failed and degraded connections.
• Fault signaling provides mechanisms for one entity to signal another that it has detected an error.
• Remote loopback which is often used for troubleshooting, allows one entity to put another entity into a state whereby all inbound traffic is immediately reflected back onto the link.
• IEEE 802. lag also known as connectivity fault management
• CFM CCM
• LAN local area networks
• CFM mechanisms for fault detection include continuity check, traceroute, loopback (ping), alarm indication, and the like, at different OAM domains, (e.g., operator domain, provider domain and customer domain).
• OAM domains e.g., operator domain, provider domain and customer domain.
• Each maintenance domain carries CFM messages using destination address and EtherType.
• CFM messages are sourced or received at maintenance end points (MEPs) after traversing zero or more maintenance intermediate points (MIPs).
• MIPs maintenance intermediate points
• the CFM messages pass transparently through 802. IQ or 802. lad bridges. Multiple instances of CFM can operate at multiple levels on the same bridge port simultaneously.
• the present invention is related to a method and system for MIH using an Ethernet OAM protocol.
• Link connectivity between a UE and an MIH PoS is monitored by using an OAM protocol.
• An OAM trigger indicating a link status is mapped to an MIH event and the MIH event is reported for potential handover.
• the OAM protocol may be IEEE 802.3ah or 802. lag.
• the access networks may be 802. ID-bridged network or 802.1Q-bridged network.
• Figure 1 shows functional entities of a UE in accordance with the present invention.
• Figure 2 shows a UE and an MIH PoS monitoring a link status using 802.3ah OAM messages in accordance with the present invention.
• Figure 3 shows an exemplary system for supporting MIH using
• Figure 4 shows a UE and an MIH PoS connected through an
• 802. ID-bridged network and monitoring a link status using 802. lag OAM messages in accordance with the present invention 802. ID-bridged network and monitoring a link status using 802. lag OAM messages in accordance with the present invention.
• Figure 5 shows a UE and an MIH PoS connected through an 802.1Q bridged network and monitoring a link status using 802. lag OAM messages in accordance with the present invention.
• Figure 6 shows an exemplary system for supporting MIH using
• UE includes but is not limited to a wireless and/or wired transmit/receive unit (TRU), a mobile station (STA), a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless and/or wired environment.
• TRU wireless and/or wired transmit/receive unit
• STA mobile station
• PDA fixed or mobile subscriber unit
• pager or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless and/or wired environment.
• the features of the present invention may be incorporated into an integrated circuit (IC) or be configured in a circuit comprising a multitude of interconnecting components.
• MIH endpoints i.e., an
• the UE and an MIH PoS are made as OAM peer entities and a link status between the UE and the MIH PoS is monitored by using an OAM protocol, (such as 802.3ag or 802. lag).
• An OAM trigger indicating a detected link status is mapped to an MIH event.
• the MIH event is reported to higher layers for potential handover.
• the MIH PoS is a network entity providing MIH services.
• the MIH PoS may reside in any place in the network.
• the MIH PoS may reside in a point of attachment (PoA) or in a core network.
• the current link status information is made available to an 802.21 PoS with MIH capabilities, and the PoS may use it to trigger a handover towards an alternate link whenever a problem with the current link is reported.
• the present invention provides a mechanism to generically use the 802.1 link detection mechanism for handover decision over 802.3 and 802.11 networks.
• Figure 1 shows functional entities of the UE 100 in accordance with the present invention.
• the UE 100 includes a higher layer 110, an MIH entity 120 and a lower layer 130.
• the higher layer 110 includes a session initiation protocol (SIP) entity 112, a mobile Internet protocol version 4 (MIP v.4) entity 114, a mobile Internet protocol version 6 (MIP v.6) entity 116, and the like.
• SIP session initiation protocol
• MIP v.4 mobile Internet protocol version 4
• MIP v.6 mobile Internet protocol version 6
• the lower layer 130 (i.e., layer 2 and layer 1), includes an IEEE 802.3 entity 132, an IEEE 802.11 entity 134, an IEEE 802.16 entity 136, a third generation partnership project (3GPP) entity 138, a 3GPP2 entity 140, and the like.
• the MIH entity 120 receives link events and link information from the lower layer 130. Based on the reported link events and information from the lower layer 130, the MIH entity 120 generates MIH events and information and sends them to the higher layer 110.
• the MIH entity 120 receives MIH commands and information from the higher layer 110. Based on the MIH commands and information received from the higher layer 110, the MIH entity 120 generates link commands and link information and sends them to the lower layer 130.
• FIG. 2 shows a UE 202 and an MIH PoS 208 monitoring a link status using 802.3ah OAM messages in accordance with the present invention.
• a connection between the UE 202 and the MIH PoS 208 is established via a network 210 including one or more hubs (or repeaters) 204, 206.
• the first hub (or repeater) 204 is a PoA.
• the 802.3 physical layer signaling at the layer 1 interface of the UE 202 is unable to detect the link event change between the hub (or repeater) 204, 206 and the MIH PoS 208.
• the end to end semantics required for a handover decision are lost as loss of connectivity between the hubs (or repeaters) 204, 206 is not visible to either the UE 202 or the MIH PoS 208. It should be noted that the loss of connectivity beyond the MIH PoS 208 is beyond the scope of what can be accomplished by IEEE 802.21. [0026] In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, the
• MIH endpoints (i.e., the UE 202 and the MIH PoS 208), are made as OAM peer entities and the link status between the UE 202 and the MIH PoS 208 are monitored by using an IEEE 802.3ah protocol.
• Both the UE 202 and the MIH PoS 208 include an MIH entity.
• the PoA 204 may include an MIH entity. In such case, the PoA 204 works as an MIH capable PoA.
• an OAM trigger is forwarded to the MIH entity of the UE 202 (or the MIH PoS 208 and the MIH PoA 204).
• the OAM triggers are then mapped to MIH events by the MIH entity of the UE 202 (or the MIH PoS 208 and the MIH PoA 204) and reported to higher layers for triggering a handover.
• Table 1 shows mapping of 802.3ah triggers to 802.21 events. Some of the currently defined MIH events can be associated with 802.3ah triggers.
• the 802.3ah framework allows extension of this subset by a vendor using custom type-length-value (TLV) specification.
• An 802.3ah link up event indicating that the physical layer has determined that the link is up and the OAM remote entity is up is mapped to an 802.21 link up event.
• An 802.3ah link fault event indicating that the physical layer has determined a fault has occurred in the receive direction of the local data terminal equipment (DTE) is mapped to an 802.21 link down event.
• An 802.3ah dying gasp event indicting that an unrecoverable local failure condition has occurred is mapped to an 802.21 link going down event.
• FIG. 3 shows an exemplary system 300 for supporting MIH services using 802.3ah OAM in accordance with the present invention.
• the system 300 includes a UE 302, a wireless local area network (WLAN) 310, an 802.3 network 320 and an MIH PoS 330.
• the 802.3 network 320 includes a plurality of inter-connected hubs (or repeaters) 322, 324.
• the UE 302 is MIH capable and supports both the WLAN access technology and 802.3 access technology.
• the UE 302 and the MIH PoS 330 are two OAM peer entities and the link status between the UE 302 and the MIH PoS 330 are monitored by using an IEEE 802.3ah protocol.
• an MIH entity of the UE 302 maps the 802.3ah trigger to an 802.21 event. Therefore, MIH communication between the UE 302 and the MIH PoS 308 is established through one of the WLAN 310 and the 802.3 network 320 as shown in Figure 3. Based on the reported MIH event, a handover may be triggered between the WLAN 310 and the 802.3 network 320.
• the link status between a UE and an MIH PoS is monitored by using an IEEE 802. lag protocol. If the UE is connected to the MIH PoS through an 802. ID or 802.1Q-bridged network as shown in Figures 4 and 5, an 802.3 layer 1 event notification or 802.3ah OAM messages are insufficient to detect loss of connectivity between the UE and the MIH PoS.
• FIG. 4 shows an UE 402 and an MIH PoS 408 connected through an 802. ID-bridged network 410 and monitoring a link status using 802.1ag OAM messages in accordance with the present invention.
• the 802. ID-bridged network 410 includes hubs 404 and bridges/switches 405, 406.
• the connection between the UE 402 to the MIH PoS 408 is established via one or more 802. ID bridges or switches.
• an 802.3 level physical layer link status notification is insufficient to detect a link connectivity to the MIH PoS 408 and IEEE 802.3ah OAM messages do not traverse 802. ID bridges/switches 405, 406.
• FIG. 5 shows an UE 502 and an MIH PoS 508 connected through an 802. IQ bridged network and monitoring a link status using 802. lag OAM messages in accordance with the present invention.
• the UE 502 is connected to a hub, (i.e., PoA), 504.
• the connection between the PoA 504 to the MIH PoS 508 is established via one or more 802. IQ bridges or switches 512, 522.
• the bridges or switches 512, 522 are 802. IQ bridges or switches
• the reachability to the MIH PoS 508 may be through different links for different virtual local area networks (VLANs) 510, 520, either due to static configuration or through configuration of spanning tree running on each bridge.
• VLANs virtual local area networks
• the MIH connectivity between the UE 502 and the MIH PoS 508 needs to be established and monitored on a per VLAN identity (ID) basis.
• ID VLAN identity
• the 802. lag protocol for customer level OAM is used to detect the end to end link status by mapping the 802. lag management information base (MIB) objects to the 802.21 events.
• MIB management information base
• Table 2 shows a mapping of 802.1ag MIB objects to the 802.21 events.
• An 802. lag MIB object indicating that a connectivity is detected or has been restored is mapped to an 802.21 link up event.
• An 802. lag MIB object indicating that a management end point (MEP) has lost contact with one or more MEPs is mapped to an 802.21 link down event.
• a new 802. lag MIB object is defined to indicate the number of connectivity check frames that can be lost before indicating a fault has occurred to map 802.21 link going down event to 802. lag dying gasp.
• a link going down event is used whenever there is a possibility that a link might fail, (e.g., due to poor radio conditions).
• the link going down status may be flagged when it is determined that the connection would likely be down within a short period of time after looking at the amount of frames that have been lost. For example, if a threshold is set to ten (10) frame losses before the link is deemed faulty, then a link going down indication may be sent on the 9th frame check has failed.
• FIG. 6 shows an exemplary system 600 for supporting MIH services using 802. lag OAM in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention.
• the system 600 includes a UE 602, an 802.11 network 604, an 802.16 network (WIMAX) 606, an 802.3 network 608, a home network 614 and an MIH PoS 616.
• the 802.11 network 604 and the 802.3 network are connected to the home network 614 via 802.1Q bridges 610, 612, respectively.
• the UE 602 is MIH capable and supports the 802.11, 802.16 and 802.3 access technologies.
• the UE 602 and the MIH PoS 616 are two OAM peer entities and the link status between the UE 602 and the MIH PoS 616 are monitored by using an IEEE 802.1ag protocol as stated above.
• an MIH entity of the UE 602 (or the MIH PoS 616 or PoAs in the 802.11 network 604, the 802.16 network 606 and the 802.3 network 608), maps the 802.1ag MIB object to an 802.21 event and may trigger an inter-technology handover between the 802.11 network 604, the 802.16 network 606 and the 802.3 network 608, or intra- technology handover may be triggered within the currently connected network, based on the MIH event.
• IQ VLAN traffic can be carried over 802.3, 802.11 and 802.16 frames through the associated convergence sublayer.
• the end-to-end 802. lag based connectivity is valuable to make inter- technology or intra-technology handover decisions.
• a method for MIH using OAM protocol in a communication system including a user equipment (UE), an MIH PoS and a plurality of access networks.
• UE user equipment
• MIH PoS MIH PoS
• OAM protocol is IEEE 802.3ah.
• OAM protocol is IEEE 802. lag.
• 10 The method of embodiment 9, wherein an 802. lag MIB object indicating that connectivity is detected is mapped to an 802.21 link up event.
• MEPs is mapped to an 802.21 link down event.
• 802.21 link going down event is generated based on an 802. lag MIB object indicating the number of connectivity check frames that can be lost before indicating fault.
• PoS are configured to monitor a link status between the UE and the MIH PoS by using an OAM protocol.
• the UE and the MIH PoS are configured to map an OAM trigger indicating a detected link status to an MIH event.
• the UE and the MIH PoS are configured to trigger a handover among the access networks based on the MIH event.
• OAM protocol is IEEE 802.3ah.
• 802.3ah link fault event is mapped to an 802.21 link down event.
• 802.3ah dying gasp event is mapped to an 802.21 link going down event.
• OAM protocol is IEEE 802.1ag.
• MEPs is mapped to an 802.21 link down event.
• 802.21 link going down event is generated based on an 802. lag MIB object indicating the number of connectivity check frames that can be lost before indicating fault.
• An apparatus for MIH using an OAM protocol in a communication system including a UE, an MIH PoS and a plurality of access networks.
• MEPs is mapped to an 802.21 link down event.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
• Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
• Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
• Maintenance And Management Of Digital Transmission (AREA)
• Communication Control (AREA)

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• 2006
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