WO2007045567A1

WO2007045567A1 - Method and device for winding stator or armature teeth

Info

Publication number: WO2007045567A1
Application number: PCT/EP2006/067125
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joachim Prokscha; Heiko Sponar; Michael Huber; Peter Hauser
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2005-10-17
Filing date: 2006-10-06
Publication date: 2007-04-26
Also published as: DE102005049536A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for winding the electric machine stator (1) or armature tooth (2) comprising a wire (4) and at least one winding component (6) provided with at least one nozzle (8), wherein the stator (1) or the armature is provided with an intermediate groove spaces (3) arranged between teeth (2). Said invention is characterised in that a relative movement between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) is carried out in the axial direction (X-X) of said tooth (2) in such a way that there is no overlapping between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) in the radial direction thereof (R-R). A device for carrying out the inventive method is also disclosed.

Description

Method and device for winding stator or armature teeth

State of the art

The present invention relates to a method and a device for winding teeth of a stator or an armature of an electric machine, comprising a wire by means of a winding component, which consists of at least one nozzle, wherein the stator has useful spaces between the teeth.

In modern engine concepts, engines are increasingly being designed today as multi-pole three-phase motors, especially in the automotive sector. However, the general requirements for the engines are retained. As much copper as possible should be accommodated in the stator. This requirement means the most accurate possible winding of the stator teeth with a positionally correct winding structure. An optimal fill factor is achieved when the space between the windings of

Neighboring Poland is used as well as possible.

In order to optimally wind multi-pole motors, the state of the art uses direct winding by means of a needle winding technique. In this case, a needle moves with a nozzle in a lifting motion on the armature or stator packs of the

Motors pass through the slot slot between two adjacent poles to lay the wire in the desired location. By this winding technique, a desired layer structure can be realized. However, between two neighboring poles a free space must be kept free, the size of which at least equal to the nozzle diameter. The nozzle diameter of the known winding machines corresponds approximately to three times the diameter of the winding wire. The space between two adjacent poles can thus not be used completely for wire winding.

In certain types of circuits also so-called compensation conductor arise. These obstruct the changing room between two coils additionally. In order not to damage the conductors, the available winding space is additionally restricted, whereby the groove fill factor is reduced.

Advantages of the invention

The method according to the invention for winding a tooth of a stator or armature of an electrical machine, having the features of patent claim 1, has the advantage that the slot slot or useful space between two adjacent teeth or poles can be almost completely filled with windings , According to the invention, the nozzle is not guided through the slot slot, so that no space for the nozzle must be kept. The relative movement between the tooth and the nozzle in an axial direction of the tooth is carried out, wherein at least when passing the poles there is no overlap of the tooth and the nozzle in the radial direction of the tooth. Since the diameter of the nozzle corresponds to about three times the wire diameter, at least one additional layer can be wound per coil. The copper fill factor of the motor consequently increases. Thus, with the same power, shorter motors can be produced or, for the same length, more powerful motors.

The dependent claims show preferred developments of the invention.

The method according to the invention preferably comprises, as a first step, the positioning of the winding component relative to the tooth such that the winding component is positioned in the axial direction of the tooth and laterally displaced to the tooth in a first position, the wire resting against the tooth. The winding component is thus located above a useful space between two adjacent teeth. In a next step becomes a relative movement between the winding component and the tooth in the radial direction of the tooth, until the winding component is arranged in a second position without radial cover with the tooth. In a next step, a relative movement between the winding component and the tooth in the axial direction of the tooth is carried out until the winding component is positioned in a third position without axial overlap between the winding component and the tooth. The wire is thereby guided past the tooth. In the next step, a relative movement between the winding component and tooth in the radial direction of the tooth is carried out until the winding component is positioned in a fourth position without overlap in the axial direction but with overlap in the radial direction. Subsequently, a relative pivoting movement between the winding component and the tooth is performed about a center of the stator or armature in a first direction, wherein the winding component is guided past a tooth side. This pivotal movement is carried out until the winding component is positioned offset in the axial direction of the tooth and laterally to the tooth on the other tooth side. In this case, a piece of the wire is applied to a tooth side. Subsequently, a relative movement between the winding component and the tooth is again carried out in the radial direction back until the winding component is positioned in a sixth position without radial overlap with the tooth and laterally on the tooth. Subsequently, a relative movement between the winding component and the tooth takes place in the axial direction again to pass the wire on a tooth side, until the winding component is in a position without axial overlap with the tooth. Subsequently, a radial relative movement takes place again between the winding component and the tooth, so that the winding component and the tooth are again in radial overlap. Subsequently, a second relative pivotal movement between the winding component and the tooth takes place in the opposite direction to the first pivoting movement in order to bring the winding component back into the starting position.

According to the invention thus takes place during the winding during the two relative movements in the axial direction and the two pivoting movements. The relative movements in the radial direction of the tooth between the winding component and the tooth serve to position the wire on the tooth. Further points the method according to the invention has the advantage that in the useful space of a motor existing equalization conductors no obstacle in the winding of the individual teeth represent more. The negative influence of the equalization conductors on the fill factor can be significantly reduced.

In particular, in order to be able to wind a stator quickly and safely, the winding component preferably comprises a needle. To thread an anchor, a needle is not essential.

Preferably, the method according to the invention, the positioning of the winding component relative to the tooth in the radial direction of the tooth is changed in each case by the width of the wire. This ensures that every time the tooth is wrapped, the wire comes to rest next to the previous wrapping. Thus, an exact layer winding can be achieved. Preferably, the winding of the wire begins at the base of the tooth. Then, the wire moves one wire at a time towards the free end of the tooth until the wire reaches the free end. Subsequently, the offset is carried out in each case by one wire width in the direction of the root of the tooth. In this way, several layers of the winding can be performed.

Preferably, the radial movements between the winding component and the tooth are performed by the winding component according to the inventive method. It must be ensured that, prior to the radial movement, the winding component is laterally offset from the tooth in the axial direction of the tooth

Tooth not overlapping with the tooth is arranged. Only in this way is a precise winding of the tooth made reliably.

The radial movement is particularly preferably carried out when the wiggle component is in the vicinity of the tooth to be wound. In this case, the wire is largely guided in such a way that it is guided in the winding position in which it later lies on the tooth to be wound. Thus, an optimal winding of the teeth can take place, since the individual wires ideally come to rest next to each other. In addition, for example, in the stator Zahnbewicklung the available space to guide the winding component are fully utilized. There is only a very slight risk that the winding component will collide with other parts or components of the winding device.

Advantageously, the axial relative movement between the winding component and the tooth is carried out by a movement of the winding component. This allows a simple wire guide realized.

More preferably, the winding component performs a lifting movement to the

To provide relative movement between the winding component and the tooth. The lifting movement is well integrated in the general process flow. The relative pivotal movement between the winding component and the tooth about the center of the stator is then carried out in the horizontal plane of the stator. Thus, conventional devices for winding motors can be extended and improved by means of the method according to the invention, so that little or no conversion costs arise. As a result, the process is easy to integrate into existing manufacturing processes and will therefore be widely accepted.

Particularly preferably, the relative radial movement between the winding component and the tooth is executed only when a free space between two adjacent teeth has fallen below a minimum. As long as the usable space between two stator teeth or armature poles offers sufficient space during motor winding, the single tooth or pole can be wound in a conventional manner. It is dispensed with the additional radial movement, so that the winding takes place very quickly and thus is cost-saving. Only when a minimum is below, so if the winding component or the nozzle of the winding component can not be performed by the existing space between wound or partially wound teeth or poles, the additional radial movement is necessary. As a result, the almost full filling of the useful space can be achieved. In this way, an optimal fill factor is achieved and the winding of the motor as a whole is accelerated, however, since the radial or longitudinal movements gene of the winding component along the depth of the tooth need not be performed at each stroke.

Particularly preferably, the minimum dimension which the space between two exposed teeth must have is defined according to the nozzle plus a certain tolerance. Thus, the minimum size can always be easily redefined at different wire sizes or at different nozzle widths. The additional tolerance will be determined depending on the speed of movement of the winding component and any deviations in the horizontal plane.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Particularly preferably, the device has a winding component which has a

Includes needle and a nozzle. The winding component not only performs a lifting movement, but is also movable in the radial direction orthogonal to the lifting movement. Thus, the winding component, as soon as they see just above or below the tooth to be wound or the space between two to be wound teeth, move in the longitudinal direction to the depth of the teeth to be wound, ie in the radial direction with respect to the stator. Thus, the winding component or the nozzle of the winding component is not guided by the gap between two teeth.

Particularly preferably, the device has a detection unit, which the

Detects the position of the winding component and evaluates it. This unit also detects the position of the tooth to be wound, so that the winding component can be moved in the radial direction before the slot slot or the gap between two teeth to be wound is achieved. This will be a possible collision of the nozzle with the teeth or in the

Interspace located winding wires prevented. The recognition unit also recognizes when a compensating conductor obstructs the useful space. In this case, a radial movement of the winding component is also carried out. drawings

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a stator and a winding component with a needle and a nozzle;

Figures 2a, 2b and 2c are schematic plan views of the stator with the winding component in different process positions, and

3a-3e each show a longitudinal section through the stator with a stator tooth and the winding component of Figure 1 in different process positions.

Description of the embodiment

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the figures.

Figure 1 shows a stator 1 of a motor with nine teeth 2 and each located between the teeth 2 Nutzwischenräume 3. Two teeth 2 are already wound with a wire 4.

In the interior of the stator 1 is the rotor chamber 5, which is provided for receiving a motor rotor (not shown). In the rotor chamber 5, a winding component 6 is shown. The winding component 6 comprises a needle 7 and a nozzle 8, which guides the wire 4.

For winding a tooth 2, the winding component 6 executes a lifting movement which extends in and out of the drawing. In each upper and lower reversal point of the winding component 6, that is, when the winding component is above or below the stator 1, the stator 1 is about its Mit- telpunkt 11 pivoted in the horizontal plane. The length of the pivoting movement is dependent on the number of teeth 2. In the case of nine teeth 2, a pivoting movement is performed by 360 ° / 9, ie equal to 40 °. Subsequently, the winding component 6 moves to the other reversal point. After reaching this reversal point, the stator 1 pivots back by 40 °. Thus, the wire 4 is wound around the tooth 2 of the stator 1.

Figure 2a shows schematically the stator 1 with the winding component 6 of Figure 1. The winding component 6 performs a lifting movement. In this case, the nozzle 8 of the winding component 6 is guided through the useful space 3 between two adjacent teeth 2. Since a corresponding space in the working space 3 must be maintained for the nozzle 8, the nozzle 8 can be guided only as long as through the Nutzwischenraum 3, as the winding wire projects beyond any of the hatched areas 9. The surfaces 9 thus represent the maximum available filling space for the winding wire, if the

Nozzle is guided in the Nutzwischenraum 3.

According to the invention, the windable surface 9 between two teeth can now be increased, since a relative movement between tooth 2 and winding component 6 is carried out outside the useful space.

In FIGS. 2 a to 2 c, the wire 4 is already partially wound around the tooth 2. The winding component 6 is located in the axial direction X-X of the tooth or stator laterally offset from the tooth 2 in a position Sl (see Figures 2b and 3a). This first position Sl is the starting position for the method according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 3a. In this initial position, the wire 4 is applied to the tooth 2. In a first step, the winding component 6 is now moved in the direction of the arrow Rl relative to the tooth 2 in the position S2 shown in Figure 3b. Here, the winding component 6 is moved in a radial direction R-R of the tooth 2. The winding component 6 is laterally offset from the tooth

2 positioned, as shown in Figure 2c can be seen. Subsequently, a first lifting movement takes place in the direction of the arrow Hl in the axial direction XX of the tooth 2 (FIG. 3c). The first stroke Hl is carried out until the winding component 6 has assumed a third position S3, which in Figure 3d is shown. During the first stroke Hl, the wire 4 is guided laterally of the tooth in the effective space 3, but the winding component 6 without radial overlap with the tooth 2. As can be seen from the figures 3d and 3e, in the next step, a radial movement in Radialrich- tion RR of the tooth 2 in the direction of arrow R2 performed. This takes the

Winding component 6 a fourth position S4, which is shown in Figure 3e. The length of the radial movement in the direction R2 corresponds to the length of the radial movement in the direction Rl, so that the wire 4 is arranged perpendicular to the radial direction R-R on the tooth 2. In a next step, according to the invention, a first relative pivoting movement between the winding component 6 and the tooth 2 is performed around a center 11 of the stator 1 in the direction SRI (see FIG. As a result, the wire 4 is guided along an underside of the tooth 2. The pivoting movement takes place until the nozzle 8 of the winding component 6 is again arranged in the next useful space of the tooth 2. In a next step, a relative movement takes place in

Radial direction R-R of the winding component 6 in the direction Rl, so that the winding component 6 is again arranged in the engine compartment 5. Subsequently, the winding component 6 performs a second lifting movement opposite to the first stroke Hl, so that the wire is guided along the other tooth side. The winding component 6 is thereby moved until it is laterally offset again at a position and arranged above the tooth 2, so that no overlap between winding component 6 and tooth 2 in the radial direction or in a circumferential direction of the stator is present. This position essentially corresponds to the second position shown in FIG. 3b, but this is located on the other side of the tooth. In the next step, a radial movement of the winding component 6 takes place in the radial direction toward the tooth root. Subsequently, in a next step, a second relative pivotal movement between the winding component 6 and the tooth 2, which is performed by pivoting the stator 2 in the direction SR2. Thus, the wiggle component 6 is guided along the top of the tooth, so that the tooth has been completely wrapped.

Thus, the winding component 6 is again in the first position Sl. Thus, according to the invention, the useful space between two adjacent teeth can be wound up to a remaining intermediate space, which only has to be minimally larger than the diameter of the wire 4. In the exemplary embodiment, it has been described here that the linear movements in the radial direction RR or in the axial direction XX are performed by the winding component 6 and the pivoting movements SRI and SR2 are performed by the stator 1. It should, however, be noted that, of course, the movements can also be carried out in reverse or that all relative movements between the winding component 6 and the stator 1 can be performed by either only the winding component 6 or either only the stator 1 or both.

It should also be noted that the method according to the invention is preferably performed only around the end of the winding process in order to be able to dispense with the radial movements R 1 and R 2 during the normal winding of the tooth. This optimizes the time required for tooth wrapping.

It should also be noted that, of course, in the winding of the tooth 2 in the radial direction RR, the position of the winding component 6 after each wrapping is reduced by preferably a diameter of the wire 4, so that when the winding is started at the base of the tooth 2, the position Radial movements are shortened after each winding in each case by a wire diameter in the radial direction RR.

In this way, according to the invention, the copper filling factor of the motor as a whole can be significantly increased. Thus, with the same number of poles or number of teeth of the stator 1, shorter or more powerful motors can be produced.

In certain winding schemes, for example, when two separate coils or teeth 2 are compensating conductors that could block the Nutzwischenraum 3. In the conventional nozzle movement, this can lead to wire damage or the groove fill factor of the motor drops significantly, since the space for the equalization conductor in the programming of the movement of the winding composite as a precautionary measure. In the movement according to the invention of the winding component 6, a compensating conductor has a significantly smaller influence on the filling factor, since the winding component 6 is not guided through the effective space 3 of the stator 1.

Claims

claims

Anspruch [en] A method for winding a tooth (2) of a stator (1) or armature of an electric machine with a wire (4) by means of a winding component (6) comprising at least one nozzle (8), wherein the stator (1) or Anchor between its teeth (2) has useful spaces (3), characterized in that a relative movement between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) in an axial direction (XX) of the tooth (2) is performed without any overlap in Radial direction (RR) of the tooth between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) is present.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the following steps:

- Positioning the winding component (6) relative to the tooth (2) such that the winding component (6) in the axial direction (XX) of the tooth (2) and laterally to the tooth (2) offset in a first position (Sl) is positioned the wire (4) rests against the tooth (2);

- Performing a relative movement (Rl) between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) in the radial direction (RR) until the winding component (6) in a second position (S2) without radial Überde- ckung with the tooth (2) is positioned;

- Performing a relative movement (Hl) between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) in the axial direction (XX) of the tooth until the winding component (6) in a third position (S3) without axial overlap between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) is positi- on, wherein the wire (4) in the Nutzwischenraum (3) on the tooth

(2) is passed;

- Performing a relative movement (R2) between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) in the radial direction (RR) of the tooth until the winding component (6) in a fourth position (S4) with radial Overlapping with the tooth (2) but without axial overlap with the tooth (2) is positioned;

- Performing a first relative pivotal movement (SRI) between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) about a center (11) of the stator (1) or armature until the winding component (6) laterally offset on the opposite side of the tooth is positioned to the tooth (2) and without Axialüberdeckung, with the wire continues to lie around the tooth (2);

- Performing a relative movement between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) in the radial direction (R-R) until the winding component (6) is positioned relative to the tooth without radial overlap with the tooth (2);

- Performing a second relative movement between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) in the axial direction (XX) of the tooth until the winding component is in a position without axial overlap between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2), wherein the wire (4) is guided on the tooth (2) in the other working space;

- Performing a relative movement between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) in the radial direction (R-R) of the tooth until the winding component (6) is positioned in a position with a radial overlap with the tooth (2); and

- Performing a second relative pivotal movement (SR2) between the winding component (6) and the tooth (2) around the center (11) of the stator (1) or armature until the winding component (6) again offset laterally to the tooth in the first Position (Sl) is positioned, with the wire (4) is applied to the tooth (2) again.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding component (6) comprises a needle (7).

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning of the winding component (6) relative to the tooth (2) in the radial direction (RR) after a wrapping of the tooth is changed by a width of the wire (4), preferably starting at the base of the tooth (2).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial relative movements by movements of the

Winding component (6) are performed.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial movements are carried out when the winding component (6) is in the vicinity of the tooth (2).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial relative movements are performed by movements of the winding component (6)

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the winding component (6) in the axial direction (X-X) of the tooth (2) performs a linear lifting movement.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movements in the radial direction (R-R) are executed only when a free space between two adjacent, wound teeth (2) has fallen below a minimum.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the minimum dimension of the width of the nozzle (8) of the winding component (6) plus a tolerance value corresponds.

11. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the winding component (6) in addition to a lifting movement in the axial direction of the tooth (2) is also movable in the radial direction substantially orthogonal to Hubbewe- movement.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a detection unit is provided for collision prevention and / or for detecting the position of the winding component (6) and / or of the tooth to be wound (2).