WO2007018480A1

WO2007018480A1 - Biogas producing plant

Info

Publication number: WO2007018480A1
Application number: PCT/UA2006/000050
Authority: WO
Inventors: Petr Grigoryevich Radionov; Anatolyi Grigoryevich Radionov
Original assignee: Petr Grigoryevich Radionov; Anatolyi Grigoryevich Radionov
Priority date: 2005-08-10
Filing date: 2006-08-07
Publication date: 2007-02-15
Also published as: UA12166U

Abstract

The invention relates to biogas producing equipment, in particular to a plant in which the biogas is producible by processing organic waists such as the anaerobic fermentation of agricultural production wastes, more specifically animal manure. The inventive plant comprises a body divided into three sections by partitions. Each section is provided with a gas discharge unit and heaters. The first and second sections are provided with blade-equipped shafts. The shaft axes are positioned in a perpendicular direction with respect to the body longitudinal axis. The first section comprises a raw material loading unit arranged therein and the third section is provided with a sludge-unloading unit. Said units are embodied in the form of siphon drains. The heater of the last section is embodied in the form of an economiser. The bottom of each section is embodied in such a way that it is tilted.

Description

INSTALLATION FOR OBTAINING BIOGAS

The field of technology.

The invention relates to equipment for biogas production, in particular to a plant in which biogas is obtained by processing organic waste - anaerobic fermentation of agricultural waste, specifically manure of livestock farms.

The first biogas plants, the so-called biostations, were made in the 30s of the XX century. The industrial output of biostations was constrained by the fact that biogas produced at these plants was much more expensive than natural gas.

Currently, in many countries, studies are underway to create more economical plants for the production of biogas from organic waste. The prior art.

The most widespread in China biogas plant "Gabop", which is located underground. The fermentation chamber and the gas holder are balanced. The fermentation process proceeds spontaneously, uncontrollably, heating and mixing are not provided. Such installations are used in small farms located in areas with a hot climate. The processing time of the substrate is 40 days or more. The gas output is 0.3 0.5 m ³ per lm ^{3 of} the fermentation chamber.

Biogas plants of the same operating principle are used in India, Korea and other countries. Dormstayt installations are widespread in Europe; they are more advanced, i.e. they use mixing, as well as heating the chamber and substrate. The disadvantage of these installations is that they are deep underground, i.e. access to their nodes and mechanisms is limited, loading and unloading is carried out in the so-called “upper position”, which does not allow

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) a positive result of the discharge of treated sludge, as all spent sludge sinks to the bottom. Fresh organic matter is always located in the upper part of the installation, which means that a large amount of untreated organic matter goes into mining, which makes these plants ineffective. Also, given the high loading level, there is practically no free space in the chamber for collecting gas, and if it is taken completely out of the wet gas tank, the pressure of the loading mass will fill the entire volume of the fermentation chamber and clog all the pipelines for gas removal with organics, which is strictly forbidden - biostation must constantly maintain the level of loading and unloading of biomass.

A known installation for producing biogas according to the patent of Ukraine N-> 50357, published on 10/15/2002. in the official bulletin of the “Advice of Ownership” Ns IO for 2002. The installation contains a tank-reactor in the form of a horizontal cylinder, inside which is placed a mixing device made of two parts: the upper one in the form of a shaft with rods and the lower one in the form of a screw. The casing is also equipped with inlet and outlet necks mounted in the end walls of the tank. The installation also contains a solar battery and instrumentation.

The disadvantage of the installation is the low placement of the loading hole, almost in the middle of the tank. This does not allow the installation to work with a small amount of biomass, because all gas released will go out. Another disadvantage of the prototype is the double mixing mechanism, which breaks down colonies of microorganisms that multiply during fermentation, and raises the spent mass from the bottom of the tank, which slows down the process of biogas production.

Closest to the claimed invention is a digester (see A.c. USSR JS21353753, C 02 F 11/04, published. 11.23.87, bull. JVMZ).

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The known device comprises a housing divided by partitions into series-connected sections, heaters, a mechanical stirrer with blades, pipelines for gas removal, loading of raw materials and unloading of spent sludge, drain pipes with valves and pumps. The last section is equipped with a tank closed at the top and open at the bottom, on the side wall of which several manure pipes are installed, offset vertically and equipped with plugs. The loading pipeline in its upper part is equipped with a vertical tube plugged from above. The drain pipes are connected by a common discharge pipe, on which a valve is installed between the pipes of the last two sections and a pump with a backup electric drive is connected in parallel.

This device is selected as a prototype of the claimed installation. The prototype and the claimed installation have common nodes and details: • horizontal case;

• the case is divided by partitions into series-connected sections;

• raw material loading unit;

• sludge discharge unit; gas outlet assembly; • heaters installed inside the case;

• a stirrer with blades mounted inside the housing.

However, the prototype has significant disadvantages, in particular, when unloading the sludge, unprocessed biomass also comes out, which leads to its incomplete processing. As a result of this, the biogas yield decreases, and the biogas obtained is contaminated with carbon dioxide additives. In the process of unloading the sludge, a large amount of heat from the heated mass is lost, which makes the installation very energy-intensive.

Disclosure of the invention.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating an installation for biogas production, in which by modifying the housing, boot

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) unit, unit for unloading sludge, mixer with blades, pipelines for gas removal and heating of the last section provides continuous operation of the installation, reducing energy costs and obtaining purified biogas. The problem is solved in the installation for biogas production, containing a horizontal housing divided by partitions into series-connected sections, a feed loading unit, a sludge discharge unit, a gas removal unit, as well as heaters and a shaft with blades installed inside the case, that the installation is equipped with an additional shaft with blades, and the axis of the shafts are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing, and the blades of each shaft are made in the form of plates located perpendicular to the axis of the shaft, the gas outlet is installed in each section, and shafts with blades are installed in the first and second sections, the feed and slurry unloading units are made in the form of siphons, in addition, the bottom of each section is installed with an inclination, and the heater of the last section is made in the form of a water economizer for heating the raw materials of the first section. In addition, the gas outlet of each section is equipped with a coil with a check valve.

The implementation of the site of loading of raw materials and the site of unloading of sludge in the form of siphons provides a slow and sequential loading of the section of the body, which stimulates the rapid reproduction of bacteria that produce biogas. This ensures continuous operation of the installation without loss of biogas.

The use of loading and unloading siphons, as well as overflow siphons, not only saves loading and unloading time, but also saves the energy needed to pre-discharge part of the sludge. In the inventive installation, overloading occurs on its own, time and energy is spent only on loading, unloading occurs automatically, according to the principle of connected vessels, because the biomass level in all chambers is balanced, and the surplus flows independently.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The installation of shafts with blades perpendicular to the axis of the body (perpendicular to the direction of movement of the raw materials) in combination with the execution of the blades in the form of plates mounted perpendicular to the axis of the shaft allows for efficient gas evolution due to the fact that it is possible to maintain a bacteria colony and ensure stable conditions for the passage of the process.

In the prototype, a mechanical mixer roughly mixes the raw materials, and in the claimed invention, shafts with blades loosen the mass, facilitating the passage of the fermentation process.

The location of the bottom of each section with a slope to the horizon ensures continuous operation of the installation due to the fact that the biomass moves independently in the direction of the unloading unit. The supply of the gas outlet of each section with a vertical coil with a check valve ensures the separation of biogas from condensate and biogas without impurities.

The use of a check valve system improves installation safety. This is because the check valves prevent biogas and air from entering the unit, as well as from accidental ignition, and make it possible to load the unit regardless of whether the receivers are full or empty. Coils make it possible to take away condensate without resorting to the use of filters, which also gives savings. Also, the degree of biogas purification from condensate depends on the number of turns in the coil - the more there are, the higher the degree of purification. The claimed installation, in essence, can be considered as a device that contains three different installations, each of which performs its function. In the first section, fermentation is the multiplication of bacteria, that is, the adaptation of this organics to those types of bacteria that are in this chamber, as well as the alignment

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) temperature in it. In the first section, the greatest emission of CO ₂ and methane occurs, as in a conventional single-use plant.

In the second section there is an intensive process of methane extraction,

5 since a constant temperature is maintained in this chamber. Due to the fact that all organic matter is enveloped in bacteria, which means that there is intensive gas evolution, a large amount of gas is released without CO ₂ impurities, and the gas no longer needs to be purified.

In the third section, equal in size to the first section, occurs

10 final decomposition of organics, while methane is also released. It stands out less than in the second section, but it corresponds to it in quality. Also in the third section, the temperature is reset, heat due to the large number of registers is taken away by the heat pump and given to the first section. Due to this, a large amount of heat is saved,

15 especially for large volumes of this installation. There are no loosening shafts in the third section.

Given that in all previously known installations, mixing, as well as loading and unloading of large volumes is carried out by powerful pumps that consume an increased amount of electricity, 20 the process also becomes energy-intensive.

The implementation of the heater of the third section in the form of an economizer allows you to transfer the heat generated during fermentation of the raw materials to the heater of the first section, which also reduces energy costs.

The use of an economizer in the installation makes it possible to obtain 25 100% gas output. The third section plays the role of a heat accumulator, and also in it the final decomposition of organic matter occurs, which leads to savings during operation of the installation in a continuous cycle.

Thanks to the convenient arrangement of loosening shafts, the installation can transform and increase volume by installing several

30 shafts without changing their sizes. This provides the ability to produce

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) large-scale installations, while maintaining the mechanical process of loosening biomass.

The use of the method of loosening, rather than mixing, firstly, allows you to keep the bacteria colonies in the optimal position for the allocation of biogas, and secondly, energy is saved, because the resistance of these shafts is negligible. A brief description of the drawings. The invention is illustrated by drawings, where: figure 1 is a schematic representation of a General view of the installation in section; figure 2 is a top view of the installation.

The best embodiment of the invention.

Installation for biogas production includes a horizontal housing 1, equipped with a node 2 for loading raw materials and a node 3 for unloading sludge, made in the form of siphons (Fig. L). The horizontal housing 1 is divided by vertical partitions 4, 5 with pockets 6, 7 into three sections 8, 9, 10

(figure 2), which are equipped with nodes 11, 12, 13 of the gas outlet, vertical coils 14, 15, 16 and check valves 17, 18, 19 (figure l). Along the perimeter of each section, heaters 20, 21, 22 are placed, which are connected by pipelines 23, 24, 25 with a heat generation unit 26.

In sections 8 and 9, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing 1, shafts 27, 28 are installed with blades 29, 30 made in the form of plates arranged perpendicular to the axes of the shafts 27, 28 (Fig. 2). The bottom 31, 32, 33 of sections 8, 9, 10 is made with a slope to the horizon. Installation works as follows.

When you start the installation through the download node 2 in the section 8 of the housing 1 load the raw materials. The heat generating unit 26 is turned on. The water heated in the heat generating unit 26 is piped 23 to the heater 20 of section 8. At the beginning of the cycle, the raw materials in section 8 are heated to a temperature of 20–35 ° C by heater 20 and loosened by blades 29,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) mounted on the shaft 27. The process of fermentation of raw materials, the propagation of methane bacteria and the intensive release of COg begins, which leaves section 8 through the gas removal unit 11, a vertical coil 14, a check valve 17 into the gas holder (not shown as a separate item). Further, the raw material heated and enriched with bacteria flows to section 9 on its own.

In section 9, the main biogas separation process takes place. The raw material is heated by hot water coming through the pipeline from the heat generation unit 26 to a temperature of 54 - 56 ° C by the heater 21. Again, the whole biomass is loosened with blades 30. The biogas leaves section 9 through the gas outlet 12 to a vertical coil 15, in which additives are condensed and further to the gas holder (not shown as a separate item). The feed from section 9 slowly flows to section 10, in which the final biogas separation process takes place, then to the vertical coil 16, the check valve 19 and then to the gas holder (not shown as a separate item). The spent sludge goes out independently through the sludge unloading unit 3 with each subsequent addition of a fresh portion of raw materials through the loading unit 2. The temperature of the spent sludge entering the section 10 is equal to the temperature of the section 9. The heat of the raw materials in the section 10 heats the water in the heater 22, which, by the principle of a heat pump, is piped 25 to the heater 20 to heat the raw materials from the loading unit 2 to section 8.

When the installation is fully started, when sections 8, 9, 10 are operating, the heater 20 of section 8 only works due to the heat that releases the waste slurry of section 10.

The unit operates in a cyclic mode of periodic loading of raw materials.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

Claim

1. Installation for biogas production, comprising a horizontal housing divided by partitions into series-connected sections, a feed loading unit, a sludge discharge unit, a gas removal unit, as well as heaters and a shaft with blades installed inside the body, characterized in that the installation is equipped with an additional shaft with blades, and the shaft axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing, and the blades of each shaft are made in the form of plates located perpendicular to the axis of the shaft, a gas outlet is installed in each section, and shafts with blades are installed in the first and second sections, the nodes for loading raw materials and unloading sludge are made in the form of siphons, in addition, the bottom of each section is installed with an inclination, and the heater of the last section is made in the form of a water economizer for heating the raw materials of the first section.

2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas outlet unit of each section is equipped with a coil with a check valve.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)