WO2007014650A1 - Procede pour reduire les emissions d'oxyde d'azote et de particules d'un moteur a combustion interne et unite correspondante pour retraiter les gaz d'echappement - Google Patents

Procede pour reduire les emissions d'oxyde d'azote et de particules d'un moteur a combustion interne et unite correspondante pour retraiter les gaz d'echappement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007014650A1
WO2007014650A1 PCT/EP2006/007197 EP2006007197W WO2007014650A1 WO 2007014650 A1 WO2007014650 A1 WO 2007014650A1 EP 2006007197 W EP2006007197 W EP 2006007197W WO 2007014650 A1 WO2007014650 A1 WO 2007014650A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reducing agent
exhaust gas
particle separator
aftertreatment unit
nitrogen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/007197
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rolf BRÜCK
Ulf Klein
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
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Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh
Publication of WO2007014650A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007014650A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is an exhaust gas aftertreatment unit for the simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions of an internal combustion engine, and a corresponding method.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment unit and the corresponding method can be used in particular in mobile applications such as in motor vehicles.
  • the unwanted substances are nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate emissions. Due to the operation of the internal combustion engines with hydrocarbons, these particles contain carbon. Especially with very small and / or average particle diameters, the effect of the particulate matter particle emissions on organisms is unclear, but a harmful effect, in particular of the respirable particles, appears possible. Due to the design of modern internal combustion engines, however, the proportion of nitrogen oxides and particles is regularly coupled together. This means that a reduction in the proportion of nitrogen oxide often results, as a side effect, in an increase in the corresponding particle fraction of the exhaust gas.
  • the present invention is based on the object to propose a method for reducing both the nitrogen oxide and the particulate fraction in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines and a corresponding exhaust aftertreatment unit.
  • This object is achieved by a Abgasnach- treatment unit with the features of claim 1 and a method with The features of claim 8.
  • Advantageous developments are the subject of the respective dependent claims.
  • An exhaust gas aftertreatment unit according to the invention can be flowed through in a flow direction and comprises the following components one behind the other in the flow direction:
  • Each of the three components 1.1), 1.2) and 1.3) may comprise a honeycomb body.
  • honeycomb bodies which comprise at least one at least partially structured metallic layer, which are constructed in such a way that cavities can be formed at least for a fluid, are particularly preferred.
  • the honeycomb bodies can also have, at least partially, at least partially walls permeable to a fluid, which walls are formed, for example, of porous ceramic or a corresponding porous metallic material.
  • At least the catalysts 1.1) and 1.2) have a corresponding catalytically active coating or a coating comprising a catalytically active substance.
  • the coating may comprise washcoat.
  • a reducing agent feed is formed between the oxidation catalyst and the SCR catalyst.
  • nitrogen-containing reducing agents are regularly used.
  • Particularly preferred in this case is the use of ammonia (NH 3 ) as a reducing agent.
  • the SCR catalytic converter or the exhaust gas aftertreatment unit can be designed such that the so-called “almost SCR reaction” takes place, which is the case in particular when the temperature of the SCR catalytic converter regularly does not exceed about 200.degree a reaction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with ammonia (NH 3 ) to form molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O):
  • the oxidation catalyst 1.1) is designed so that not a complete conversion of nitrogen monoxide is catalyzed in nitrogen dioxide. Furthermore, it is also possible to direct at least a portion of the exhaust gas flow around the oxidation catalyst in dependence on the applied nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide concentration, so as to enter the SCR catalyst 1.2) as optimally as possible a mixture of nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide to carry out the " If, for example, the end temperature of the SCR catalyst 1.2) is above 200 ° C., and thus instead of the "fast SCR reaction", other SCR reactions increasingly take place, for example the conversion of nitrogen monoxide with ammonia to molecular nitrogen and water: 4 NO + 4 NH3 + O2 -> 4N2 + 6 H2O
  • a bypass of the oxidation catalyst can also take place in order to obtain the best possible mixture of nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in the SCR catalyst 1.2).
  • a bypass of the oxidation catalyst can be carried out in an advantageous manner. This regulation of the bypass can be independent of the position of the Pismeabscheiders 1.3) relative to the SCR catalyst 1.2) and also without that a Piserabscheider 1.3) is formed.
  • the reducing agent supply comprises reducing agent precursor supply means and means for converting the reducing agent precursor into the reducing agent.
  • the reducing agent comprises in particular a nitrogen-containing compound, more preferably ammonia.
  • the reducing agent precursor is a substance which splits off the reducing agent or which can be converted into the reducing agent.
  • Particularly preferred here is the use of urea as a reducing agent precursor.
  • the urea can be introduced in particular in the form of an aqueous urea solution or as a solid by feed.
  • the means for converting the reducing agent precursor into the reducing agent may comprise means for thermolysis and / or hydrolysis of the reducing agent precursor.
  • urea is used as the reducing agent precursor
  • a thermolysis of urea ((NH 2 ) 2 CO) can be used here. to ammonia (NH 3 ) and isocyanic acid (HCNO) take place.
  • HCNO isocyanic acid
  • Thermolysis and hydrolysis can in particular also take place in a single component, for example a honeycomb body provided with a hydrolysis catalyst coating.
  • means for regeneration of the particle separator are formed.
  • the regeneration of the particle separator is understood in particular to mean the reaction of the carbon-containing particles into carbon monoxide (CO) and / or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the means for regenerating the particle separator can comprise, for example, an oxidation catalyst, before which hydrocarbons are introduced into the exhaust gas flow, for example by a superstoichiometric filling of at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
  • the oxidation catalyst which may also be applied in the form of a correspondingly formed coating on a honeycomb body, the exothermic reaction and oxidation of the hydrocarbons takes place. As a result, the exhaust gas heats up, so that the downstream particle separator 1.3) is heated.
  • the particle separator 1.3 may comprise means for regeneration, by means of which a surface sliding discharge for promoting the oxidation of the carbon particles can be formed.
  • the particle separator can have a corresponding coating which lowers the temperature from which oxidation of the carbon takes place.
  • the above-mentioned different means for regeneration of the particle separator can also be advantageously combined with one another.
  • the means for regenerating the particle separator comprise means for generating a plasma.
  • a non-thermal plasma in particular a non-thermal surface sliding discharge.
  • This is understood to mean, in particular, an electrical gas discharge burning in contact with a generally electrically insulating or only weakly conductive surface for the purpose of producing a non-thermal plasma while largely avoiding gas heating.
  • This surface sliding discharge can be operated continuously or discontinuously, in particular depending on the loading state of the particle separator.
  • the electrodes and / or the operation of the plasma reference is made to DE 100 57 862 C1, the disclosure content of which is hereby included in the disclosure content of the present invention.
  • the particle separator comprises a closed particle filter.
  • a closed particulate filter a par- understood in which a plurality of channels are formed and in which the exhaust gas must flow through at least one wall between these channels.
  • the particle separator comprises means for the electrostatic precipitation of particles.
  • electrodes may be formed which have a DC voltage or a low-frequency AC voltage, preferably in the range of frequencies of less than 120 Hz, preferably less than 90 Hz, more preferably even less than 10 Hz.
  • a DC voltage or a low-frequency AC voltage preferably in the range of frequencies of less than 120 Hz, preferably less than 90 Hz, more preferably even less than 10 Hz.
  • a method for reducing the nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions of an internal combustion engine comprising the following steps: 8.1) oxidation of at least nitrogen monoxide (NO), 8.2) selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and subsequently 8.3 ) Deposition of at least a portion of the particles in the exhaust gas.
  • a nitrogen-containing reducing agent is supplied and / or generated, in particular ammonia.
  • a reducing agent precursor is fed and converted into reducing agent.
  • a reducing agent precursor is understood here to mean a compound which can split off reducing agents and / or which can be converted into reducing agents.
  • a possible reducing agent precursor for the re reducing agent ammonia is, for example, urea.
  • the particle separator comprises a closed particle filter.
  • the deposited particles are at least partially set.
  • An at least partial conversion is understood to mean, in particular, an at least partial oxidation of the carbon contained in the particles.
  • a regenerable particle separator is preferably used. In this case, the particles deposited on the particle separator are reacted, for example as explained above.
  • Particularly preferred in this case is a process control, in which the reaction of the .P sie and thus also the regeneration of the Pelleabscheiders is plasma assisted.
  • the reaction of the particles or the regeneration of the particle separator can take place by way of a non-thermal surface lubricant discharge as explained above.
  • Such an electrostatic deposition or even a deposition based on a low-frequency AC voltage can be combined in a particularly advantageous manner with a so-called open particle filter or particle, which is designed so that the exhaust gas does not have to flow through a wall between two channels, but Rather, if appropriate, without being able to flow through a wall through the particle separator.
  • FIG. 1 shows specific ⁇ matically an exhaust gas treatment unit of the invention 1.
  • This comprises an oxidation catalyst 2, an SCR catalyst 3, and a particle separator 4.
  • the exhaust after-treatment unit 1 can be flowed through by the exhaust gas 5 of an internal combustion engine not shown in a flow direction. 6
  • the oxidation catalytic converter 2, the SCR catalytic converter 3 and the particle separator 4 are formed one behind the other in the flow direction 6.
  • a reducing agent supply 7 is formed between oxidation catalyst 2 and SCR catalyst 3.
  • This comprises feed means 8 for supplying a reducing agent precursor and means 9 for converting the reducing agent precursor into the reducing agent.
  • the means 9 for converting the reducing agent precursor to reducing agent comprise in particular a hydrolysis catalyst on which a reducing agent precursor urea is thermally and / or hydrolyzed to ammonia as a reducing agent.
  • a barrier catalyst 10 is formed downstream of the SCR catalyst 3. In this, possibly by the SCR catalyst 3 penetrating reducing agent is reacted.
  • the barrier catalyst 10 has an oxidation catalyst coating that effects oxidation of the reductant.
  • the oxidation catalyst 2, the SCR catalyst 3, the means for converting the reducing agent precursor to the reducing agent 9, the barrier catalyst 10 and / or the particle separator 4 may advantageously comprise honeycomb bodies which have walls separated by walls for an exhaust gas flow through channels.
  • the honeycomb bodies can in particular be constructed of metallic layers which are at least partially structured so that the layers limit channels.
  • a bypass 11 is formed, by means of which the exhaust gas 5 can at least partially flow around the oxidation catalyst 2.
  • There are flow ⁇ conducting means 12 are formed by means of controlling the amount of exhaust gas which flows through the by pass ⁇ 11, and / or can be regulated.
  • the flow-guiding means 12 may be a movable flap.
  • the proportion of the exhaust gas 5 flowing through the bypass is controlled depending on the temperature of the SCR catalyst 3.
  • the bypass flow is adjusted in each case so that an optimal ratio of the content of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is present before the SCR catalyst, so that the SCR reactions taking place at this SCR catalyst temperature as described above are as optimal as possible - Have ratio, so that as complete as possible implementation of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas 5 takes place at the SCR catalyst 3.
  • the particle separator 4 has means 13 for the electrostatic or low-frequency separation of particles from the exhaust gas 5. In the figure, these are symbolized by corresponding voltage connections.
  • electrostatic precipitation which is initiated by the means 13 for the electrostatic deposition of particles, particles can be deposited and agglomerated.
  • a low-frequency deposition is to be understood here in particular as a deposition, which is based on a low-frequency AC voltage. For example, here channel walls may be formed in the particle separator, which have different electrical potentials on opposite walls.
  • the particle separator has means 14 for generating a plasma, in particular a non-thermal surface lubricant discharge.
  • means for regenerating the particle separator in which regeneration of the particle separator 4, that is to say conversion of the carbon in the separated particles, due to the non-thermal surface sliding discharges, can be realized by means of this plasma.
  • the regeneration of the particle separator 4, that is to say the at least partial reaction of the particles which are deposited on the particle separator 4 can take place continuously or discontinuously.
  • a discontinuous regeneration which operates depending on the loading state or degree of separation of the P
  • the exhaust aftertreatment unit 1 according to the invention as well as the method according to the invention advantageously make it possible to reduce the nitrogen oxide and particle emissions of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité de retraitement (1) des gaz d'échappement qui peut être traversée dans un sens d'écoulement (6) défini et qui comprend, dans le sens d'écoulement (6) et successivement, les éléments suivants: 1.1) un catalyseur d'oxydation (2) pour oxyder au moins le monoxyde d'azote (NO), 1.2) un catalyseur à réduction catalytique sélective (3) pour la réduction catalytique sélective d'oxydes d'azote (NOX) et 1.3) un séparateur de particules (4). Cette unité de retraitement (1) des gaz d'échappement et ce procédé permettent de diminuer de manière avantageuse les émissions d'oxydes d'azote et de particules d'un moteur à combustion interne.
PCT/EP2006/007197 2005-07-29 2006-07-21 Procede pour reduire les emissions d'oxyde d'azote et de particules d'un moteur a combustion interne et unite correspondante pour retraiter les gaz d'echappement WO2007014650A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102005035555A DE102005035555A1 (de) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 Verfahren zur Verminderung der Stickoxid- und Partikelemissionen einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine und entsprechende Abgasnachbehanldungseinheit
DE102005035555.2 2005-07-29

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WO2007014650A1 true WO2007014650A1 (fr) 2007-02-08

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EP2126297B1 (fr) 2007-02-21 2015-01-28 Volvo Lastvagnar AB Procédé d'exploitation d'un système de post-traitement d'échappement et système de post-traitement d'échappement
DE102008013405A1 (de) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Abgasvorrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102008026178A1 (de) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-03 Deutz Ag SCR-Katalysator mit hohem Wirkungsgrad
DE102008062417A1 (de) * 2008-12-17 2010-07-01 Volkswagen Ag Abgasreinigung eines Abgasstroms einer Brennkraftmaschine
GB2567807A (en) * 2017-10-17 2019-05-01 Perkins Engines Co Ltd Engine exhaust aftertreatment system and method
US11473468B2 (en) 2018-11-30 2022-10-18 Volvo Truck Corporation Aftertreatment system

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CN103339350A (zh) * 2010-11-17 2013-10-02 依米泰克排放技术有限公司 用于处理包含烟尘颗粒的废气的装置
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