WO2006130603A2 - Composition d'huile et son utilisation dans une transmission - Google Patents

Composition d'huile et son utilisation dans une transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006130603A2
WO2006130603A2 PCT/US2006/020962 US2006020962W WO2006130603A2 WO 2006130603 A2 WO2006130603 A2 WO 2006130603A2 US 2006020962 W US2006020962 W US 2006020962W WO 2006130603 A2 WO2006130603 A2 WO 2006130603A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lubricating composition
lubricating
metal
oil
dispersant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/020962
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English (en)
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WO2006130603A3 (fr
Inventor
James N. Vinci
Original Assignee
The Lubrizol Corporation
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Lubrizol Corporation filed Critical The Lubrizol Corporation
Priority to CA002609770A priority Critical patent/CA2609770A1/fr
Priority to EP06771630A priority patent/EP1888726A2/fr
Priority to JP2008514778A priority patent/JP2008542502A/ja
Publication of WO2006130603A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006130603A2/fr
Publication of WO2006130603A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006130603A3/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M167/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound, a non-macromolecular compound and a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/082—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type monocarboxylic
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/063—Ammonium or amine salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/36—Seal compatibility, e.g. with rubber
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/06—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by epoxydes or oxyalkylation reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/09—Treatment with nitrogen containing compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricating composition containing 0.25 wt % or less of a metal dialkyldithiophosphate.
  • the invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in a transmission.
  • Gearbox manufacturers are developing gears and other transmission equipment capable of providing increasing amounts of power.
  • the increased power results in a lubricating oil being operated at higher loads and operating temperatures.
  • known gear and transmission lubricants are not capable of providing adequate protection against wear, scuffing and micropitting, whilst providing acceptable oxidation stability and cleanliness. Therefore there is need for a lubricating composition capable of operating at a higher power throughput and operating temperatures.
  • US 5,942,470 discloses a gear oil composition containing (i) an oil- soluble sulphur-containing extreme pressure agent or antiwear agent, (ii) at least one oil soluble amine salt of a partial ester of an acid of phosphorus, (iii) a succinimide dispersant with a N-H bond; and (iv) at least one of a nitrogen- containing ashless dispersant, an amine salt of a carboxylic acid and a trihydrocarbyl ester of a pentavalent acid of phosphorus.
  • the gear oil composition is essentially devoid of any metal-containing additive component.
  • US 6,617,287 discloses a manual transmission lubricating composition containing at least 0.5 wt % of a metal salt of an organic acid, 0.01 % to 2 wt % of an amine salt of a phosphorus containing acid; and optionally a metal deactivator and a boron containing dispersant.
  • a lubricating composition and a method of lubricating a transmission capable of providing at least one of acceptable protection against wear, scuffing and micropitting, whilst providing acceptable hose and/or seal compatability, oxidation stability and cleanliness.
  • the present invention provides such a lubricating composition and a method of lubricating a transmission.
  • the invention provides a lubricating composition comprising:
  • the invention provides a method of lubricating a synchronised transmission comprising:
  • the invention provides a method of lubricating a non-synchronised transmission comprising:
  • a lubricating composition comprising: (a) an oil soluble phosphorus amine salt;
  • the invention provides a lubricating composition as defined above.
  • the term "free of, as used in the specification and claims, defines the absence of a material except for the amount which is present as impurities, e.g., a trace amount. Typically in this embodiment, the amount present will be less than about 0.05% or less than about 0.005 wt % by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • the oil soluble phosphorus amine salt antiwear agent/extreme pressure agent comprises an amine salt of a phosphorus acid ester or mixtures thereof.
  • the amine salt of a phosphorus acid ester includes phosphoric acid esters and amine salts thereof; dialkyldithiophosphoric acid esters and amine salts thereof; amine salts of phosphites; and amine salts of phosphorus-containing carboxylic esters, ethers, and amides; and mixtures thereof.
  • the amine salt of a phosphorus acid ester may be used alone or in combination.
  • the oil soluble phosphorus amine salt comprises partial amine salt-partial metal salt compounds or mixtures thereof.
  • the phosphorus compound further comprises a sulfur atom in the molecule.
  • the amine salt of the phosphorus compound is ashless, i.e., metal-free (prior to being mixed with other components).
  • the amines which may be suitable for use as the amine salt include primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amines include those with at least one hydrocarbyl group, or, in certain embodiments, two or three hydrocarbyl groups.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may contain about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, or in another embodiment about 8 to about 26 or about 10 to about 20 or about 13 to about 19 carbon atoms.
  • Primary amines include ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octylamine, and dodecylamine, as well as such fatty amines as n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine and oleyamine.
  • fatty amines include commercially available fatty amines such as "Armeen®” amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois), such as Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen OL, Armeen T, Armeen HT, Armeen S and Armeen SD, wherein the letter designation relates to the fatty group, such as coco, oleyl, tallow, or stearyl groups.
  • suitable secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methylethylamine, ethylbutylamine and ethylamylamine.
  • the secondary amines may be cyclic amines such as piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
  • the amine may also be a tertiary-aliphatic primary amine.
  • the aliphatic group in this case may be an alkyl group containing about 2 to about 30, or about 6 to about 26, or about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
  • Tertiary alkyl amines include monoamines such as tert-butylamine, tert-hexylamine, 1- methyl-1 -amino-cyclohexane, tert-octylamine, tert-decylamine, tertdodecylamine, tert-tetradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert- octadecylamine, tert-tetracosanylamine, and tert-octacosanylamine.
  • the phosphorus acid amine salt comprises an amine with Cu to C 14 tertiary alkyl primary groups or mixtures thereof.
  • the phosphorus acid amine salt comprises an amine with C 14 to C 18 tertiary alkyl primary amines or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the phosphorus acid amine salt comprises an amine with C 18 to C 22 tertiary alkyl primary amines or mixtures thereof.
  • amines may also be used in the invention.
  • a useful mixture of amines is "Primene® 8 IR” and “Primene® JMT.”
  • Primene® 8 IR and Primene® JMT are mixtures of Cu to C 14 tertiary alkyl primary amines and C 18 to C 22 tertiary alkyl primary amines respectively.
  • the hydrocarbyl amine salt of an alkylphosphoric acid ester is the reaction product of a Ci 4 to C 18 alkylated phosphoric acid with Primene 81RTM (produced and sold by Rohm & Haas) which is a mixture of Cn to Cj 4 tertiary alkyl primary amines.
  • hydrocarbyl amine salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid esters include the reaction product(s) of isopropyl, methyl-amyl (4-methyl-2- pentyl or mixtures thereof), 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, octyl or nonyl dithiophosphoric acids with ethylene diamine, morpholine, or Primene 81RTM, and mixtures thereof.
  • the dithiophosphoric acid may be reacted with an epoxide or a glycol. This reaction product is further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester.
  • the epoxide includes an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide and the like. In one embodiment the epoxide is Propylene oxide.
  • the glycols may be aliphatic glycols having from 1 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 6, or about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms.
  • dithiophosphoric acids glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and methods of reacting the same are described in U.S. Patent numbers 3,197,405 and 3,544,465.
  • the resulting acids may then be salted with amines.
  • An example of suitable dithiophosphoric acid is prepared by adding phosphorus pentoxide (about 64 grams) at about 58 0 C over a period of about 45 minutes to about 514 grams of hydroxypropyl O,O-di(4- methyl-2-pentyl)phosphorodithioate (prepared by reacting di(4-methyl-2- pentyl)-phosphorodithioic acid with about 1.3 moles of propylene oxide at about 25 0 C ).
  • the mixture is heated at about 75 0 C for about 2.5 hours, mixed with a diatomaceous earth and filtered at about 70 0 C.
  • the filtrate contains about 11.8% by weight phosphorus, about 15.2% by weight sulfur, and an acid number of 87 (bromophenol blue).
  • the amount of oil soluble phosphorus amine salt present ranges from about 0.001 wt % to about 10 wt %, or about
  • the invention comprises a metal containing detergent package comprising: a phenate; and a sulphonate present at about 0.0001 wt % to about
  • detergent package represents only metal containing detergents.
  • the amount of metal containing detergent present ranges from about 0.0001 wt % to about 5 wt %, or about
  • the metal containing detergent package comprises at least 50 wt % of a phenate. In another embodiment the metal containing detergent package contains at least 55 wt % of a phenate.
  • the metal of the metal containing detergent includes alkaline earth, alkali metal or mixtures thereof.
  • alkaline earth metal examples include calcium, magnesium or barium; and sodium is a suitable alkali metal.
  • the metal containing detergent comprises a calcium sulphonate and a calcium phenate.
  • the sulphonate detergent of the lubricating composition is known and includes neutral and overbased detergents. Overbasing techniques are well known.
  • the overbased sulphonate detergent includes those with a TBN (total base number) of at least about 300, or at least about 350, or at least about 400, or at least about 425. In several embodiments the overbased sulphonate detergent has a TBN of at least about 300, or about 400 or about 500.
  • the sulphonate detergent may be derived from sulphonic acids including polypropene benzene sulphonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, ti ⁇ decyl benzene sulphonic acid, tetradecyl benzene sulphonic acid, pentadecyl benzene sulphonic acid, hexadecyl benzene sulphonic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • sulphonic acids including polypropene benzene sulphonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, ti ⁇ decyl benzene sulphonic acid, tetradecyl benzene sulphonic acid, pentadecyl benzene sulphonic acid, hexadecyl benzene sulphonic acid and mixtures thereof.
  • the sulphonic acid includes undecyl benzene sulphonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, tridecyl benzene sulphonic acid, tetradecyl benzene sulphonic acid, octadecyl benzene sulphonic acid, tetraeicosyl benzene sulphonic acid or mixtures thereof.
  • the sulphonic acid is a polypropene benzene sulphonic acid, where the polypropene often contains about 18 to about 30 carbon atoms.
  • the sulphonate components include calcium polypropene benzenesulphonate and calcium monoalkyl and dialkyl benzenesulphonates wherein the alkyl groups may be linear or branched; and contain at least about 10 carbons, for example 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 carbon atoms. In one embodiment the alkyl groups contain at least about 20 carbon atoms, for example 22 to 32 or 22 to 28 carbon atoms.
  • the monoalkyl and dialkyl benzenesulphonates may be derived from benzene alkylated with olefins containing 20 to 30 carbon atoms, where the olefins contain a double bond randomly distributed throughout the chains.
  • the phenate detergent is known and includes neutral and overbased metal salts of a sulphur-containing phenate, a non-sulphurised phenate or mixtures thereof.
  • the phenate detergent in one embodiment has a TBN from about 30 to about 290, in another embodiment about 40 to about 265, in another embodiment about 50 to about 190 and in another embodiment about 70 to about 175.
  • the sulphur containing phenate detergent has a TBN of about 150 and in another embodiment a TBN of about 225.
  • the phenate detergent in several embodiments has a metal ratio of not more than about 4, or not more than about 3, or not more than about 2.5, or not more than about 2.1.
  • the lubricating composition further comprises a dispersant.
  • the dispersant may be used alone or in combination with other dispersant additives.
  • the dispersant includes those derived from a N-substituted long chain alkyl and/or alkenyl succinimide.
  • the N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide has a variety of chemical structures and includes a mono-succinimide and/or a di-succininiide.
  • the long chain alkenyl group includes those with a number average molecular weight of about 350 to about 10,000, in another embodiment about 400 to about 7000, in another embodiment about 500 to about 5000 and in yet another embodiment about 500 to about 2500.
  • the long chain alkenyl group is a polyisobutylene group, which has a number average molecular weight from 800 to 1600 and in another embodiment from about 1600 to about 3000.
  • the succinimide includes those prepared by the condensation of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent (e.g., hydrocarbyl- substituted succinic anhydride) with a polyamine or an amino alcohol, a polyalkylene polyamine or poly(ethyleneamine) such as triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, still bottoms (often described as HP AXTM) or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the polyamine is still bottoms.
  • a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent e.g., hydrocarbyl- substituted succinic anhydride
  • a polyamine or an amino alcohol e.g., a polyalkylene polyamine or poly(ethyleneamine) such as triethylene tetramine
  • Mannich bases are the reaction products of alkyl phenols in which the alkyl group includes at least about 30 carbon atoms with aldehydes (especially formaldehyde) and amines (especially polyalkylene polyamines) and are described in more detail in U.S. Patent 3,634,515.
  • Another class of ashless dispersant is high molecular weight esters. These materials are similar to the above-described succinimides except that they may be seen as having been prepared by reaction of a hydrocarbyl acylating agent and a polyhydric aliphatic alcohol such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, or sorbitol. Such materials are described in more detail in U.S. Patent 3,381,022.
  • the dispersant may also be post-treated by reaction with any of a variety of agents. Among these are urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds. References detailing such treatment are listed in U.S. Patent
  • the dispersant is borated dispersant especially a borated N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide or mixtures thereof.
  • the invention comprises a borated dispersant and a non- borated dispersant.
  • the dispersant is a borated dispersant.
  • the dispersant is present in ranges including about 0 wt % to about 6 wt %, or about 0.005 wt % to about 6 wt %, or about
  • the lubricating composition further comprises a dispersant viscosity modifier.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier (often referred to as DVM) includes a (co)polymer with a nitrogen containing monomer, a nitrogen containing compound capable of reacting with a functionalised polymer backbone or mixtures thereof.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier is present in ranges including about 0 wt % to about 34 wt %, or about 0.005 wt % to about 34 wt %, or about 0.01 wt % to about 24 wt %, or about 0.1 wt % to about 21 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • (meth)acrylate is used to refer to a methacrylate and a acrylate
  • (meth)acrylamide is used to refer to a acrylamide and a methacrylamide
  • the molecular weight of the dispersant viscosity modifier has been determined using known methods, such as GPC analysis using a polystyrene standard.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier includes functionalised polyolefins
  • ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been functionalized with the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an a nitrogen containing compound
  • a poly(meth)acrylate functionalised with an a nitrogen containing compound or an esterified polymer derived from monomers comprising: (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof (for example, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers reacted with an a nitrogen containing compound).
  • the dispersant viscosity modifer includes amine functionalised polyolefins, a poly(meth)acrylate functionalised with an a nitrogen containing compound, an esterified polymer derived from monomers comprising: (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof.
  • the nitrogen containing monomer includes a vinyl substituted nitrogen heterocyclic monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamide monomer, a tertiary- (meth)acryl amide monomer or mixtures thereof.
  • the alkyl in several embodiments contains 1 to about 8, or from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
  • Useful nitrogen containing monomers include vinyl pyridine, N- vinyl imidazole, N-vinyl pyrrolidinone, and N-vinyl caprolactam, dimethylamino ethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminobutylacrylamide dimethylamine propyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylammopropylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, tertiary butyl acrylamide or mixtures thereof.
  • the nitrogen containing compound includes an amine such as a monoamine, a polyamine or mixtures thereof.
  • the amine includes primary functionality, secondary functionality or mixtures thereof.
  • the amine includes cyclic, linear or branched and examples include an alkylenemonoamine, a heterocyclic monoamine, an alkylenepolyamine, a heterocyclic polyamine or mixtures thereof.
  • the amine contains not more than one primary or secondary amino group, for example N,N-dimethyl- aminopropylamine.
  • the amine may be a hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl amine such as a hydroxyalkyl amine.
  • a suitable hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbyl amine include aminoethyl ethanolamine, aniinopropyl ethanolamine, aminobutyl ethanolamine or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable cyclic amines include 4-aminodiphenylamine, 4-(3- aminopropyl) morpholine, 4-(2-aminoethyl) morpholine or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the cyclic amine is 4-(3-aminopropyl) morpholine or mixtures thereof.
  • the poly(meth)acrylate dispersant viscosity modifier includes a copolymer derived from a (meth)acrylate monomer in several embodiments containing an alkyl group with 1 to about 30, or 1 to about 26, or 1 to about 20 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group includes mixtures derived from an alcohol containing 1 to about 4, about 8 to about 10, about 12 to about 14, about 12 to about 15, about 16 to about 18 or about 16 to about 20 carbon atoms. Examples of commercially available alcohol mixtures include the following products sold under the brand names of DobanolTM 25, NeodolTM 25, LialTM 125, and AlchemTM 125. In one embodiment the alcohol is a single alcohol i.e. not a mixture.
  • the poly(meth)acrylate has a molecular weight (M w ) including from about 5000 to about 350,000, in another embodiment about 10,000 to about 150,000, in another embodiment about 15,000 to about 120,000, in another embodiment about 10,000 to about 50,000 and in yet another embodiment about 15,000 to about 35,000.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier is a functionalised polyolefin and/or an esterified polymer containing an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof.
  • the carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof includes a mono- acid, a di-acid or mixtures thereof.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof is further substituted with a hydrocarbyl group.
  • the hydrocarbyl group includes substituted, unsubstituted, branched, unbranched or mixtures thereof, although, unsubstituted is especially useful.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof may be wholly esterified, partially esterified or mixtures thereof.
  • other derivatives include acids, salts or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable salts include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or mixtures thereof.
  • the salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or mixtures thereof.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof includes an acrylic acid, a methyl acrylate, a methacrylic acid, a maleic acid or anhydride, a fumaric acid, an itaconic acid or anhydride or mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable examples of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives include itaconic anhydride, maleic anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, ethyl maleic anhydride, dimethyl maleic anhydride or mixtures thereof.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof functionality may be used alone or in combination.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier is a functionalised polyolefin.
  • the functionalised polyolefin further contains a nitrogen derived from a nitrogen containing compound capable of reacting with a functionalised polymer backbone.
  • Commercially available dispersant viscosity modifier functionalised polyolefin are known. Examples of a commercially available dispersant viscosity modifier include those derived from an alpha-olefin available as mixtures especially as C 16 -Ci 8 or ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene- 1 -butene copolymers or mixtures thereof.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier is derived from functionalised polyolefin, functionalised with an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride or derivatives thereof (described above).
  • the functionalised polyolefin has a molecular weight (M w ) in the range including from about 600 to about 300,000, in another embodiment about 600 to about 100,000, in another embodiment about 1000 to about 50,000 and in another embodiment about 2000 to about 20,000.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier is an esterified polymer derived from monomers comprising: (i) a vinyl aromatic monomer; and (ii) an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivatives thereof.
  • the polymer prior to esterification is generally referred to as an interpolymer.
  • the esterified polymer is substantially free of to free of a (meth)acrylate ester.
  • the interpolymer is a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer.
  • the esterified polymer contains a nitrogen derived from a nitrogen containing compound capable of reacting with a functionalised polymer backbone to form an amidated polymer.
  • the molecular weight of the interpolymer may also be expressed in terms of the "reduced specific viscosity" of the polymer which is recognized means of expressing the molecular size of a polymeric substance.
  • the concentration is adjusted to about 0.4g of the interpolymer per 10 cm 3 of acetone.
  • the interpolymer polymer of the invention has a RSV from about 0.05 to about 2 in one embodiment about 0.06 to about 1 and in another embodiment about 0.06 to about 0.8. In one embodiment the RSV is about 0.69. In another embodiment the RSV is about 0.12. In one embodiment the Mw of the interpolymer is about 10,000 to about 300,000.
  • Examples of a vinyl aromatic monomer include styrene (often referred to as ethenylbenzene), substituted styrene or mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of a suitable substituted styrene include alpha-methylstyrene, para- methylstyrene (often referred to as vinyl toluene), para-tert-butylstyrene, alpha- ethylstyrene or mixtures thereof.
  • the dispersant viscosity modifier of the invention is known in the art and commercially available from a number of corporations, including The Lubrizol Corporation, Degussa AG and Rohmax GmbH.
  • Metal Deactivator
  • the invention comprises a metal deactivator.
  • metal deactivators include benzotriazoles or derivatives thereof, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles, 2- (N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl)benzothiazoles, 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-l,3,4- thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis(N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2- alkyldithio-5-mercapto thiadiazoles and mixtures thereof.
  • the metal deactivator is a derivative of benzotriazole. In one embodiment the metal deactivator is a 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole. The metal deactivator may be used alone or in combination with other metal deactivators.
  • the metal deactivator is present as a mixture of two or more compounds.
  • the metal deactivator comprises 2,5-bis(alkyl- dithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles, benzotriazoles or derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof.
  • Derivatives of benzotriazoles containing hydrocarbyl substitutions include at least one of the following ring positions 1- or 2- or 4- or 5- or 6- or
  • hydrocarbyl groups may contain a number of carbon atoms in ranges from about 1 to about 30, or from 1 to about 15, or from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms.
  • the metal deactivator is tolyltriazole.
  • hydrocarbyl benzotriazoles substituted at positions 4- or 5- or 6- or 7- can be further reacted with an aldehyde and a secondary amine.
  • aldehydes examples include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and mixtures thereof.
  • the aldehyde is formaldehyde, which can be monomeric, polymeric (paraformaldehyde) or in aqueous solution.
  • Suitable examples of amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dipropenylamine, diisobutylamine, diisobutenylamine, dipentylamine, dipentenylamine, dibenzylamine, dinaphthylamine, di-2- ethylhexylamine and mixtures thereof.
  • the amine is di-2- ethylhexylamine.
  • the amine can be used alone or in combination with other amines.
  • metal deactivators include N,N-bis(heptyl) ⁇ ar-methyl- lH-Benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,N-bis(nonyl)-ar-methyl-lH-
  • N,N-bis (dodecyl)-ar-methyl-lH-Benzotriazole-l-methanamine N,N-bis(2- ethylhexyl)-ar-methyl-lH-Benzotriazole-l-methanamine and mixtures thereof.
  • the metal deactivator is N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyi)-ar-methyl- lH-Benzotriazole-1-methanamine.
  • the metal deactivator is 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)- 1,3,4-thiadiazoles.
  • the alkyl groups of 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles may contain 1 to about 30 or about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms.
  • 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazoles examples include 2,5-bis(tert- octyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole 2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5- bis(tert-decyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-undecyldithio)- 1,3,4- thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-dodecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert- tridecyldithio)-l,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-tetradecyldithio)- 1,3,4- thiadiazole, 2,5-bis(tert-pentadecyldithio)-l,
  • the metal deactivator may be present in several ranges including about 0.0001 wt % to about 2 wt %, or about 0.001 wt % to about 1 wt %, or about 0.005 wt % to about 0.5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition includes natural or synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity, oil derived from hydro cracking, hydrogenation, hydro finishing, and unrefined, refined and re-refined oils and mixtures thereof.
  • Natural oils include animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils and mixtures thereof.
  • Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils, silicon-based oils, and liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids. Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer- Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils.
  • the polymer composition of the present invention is useful when employed in a gas-to-liquid oil. Often Fischer- Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes may be hydroisomerised.
  • the base oil comprises a poryarphaolei ⁇ n including a PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7 or PAO-8.
  • the polyalphaolefin in one embodiment is prepared from dodecene and in another embodiment from decene.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity may be an ester such as an adipate.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity may be a polymer (may also be referred to as a viscosity modifier) including hydrogenated copolymers of styrene-butadiene, ethylene-propylene polymers, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters, polyalkyl styrenes, alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins, polyalkylmethacrylates and esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers.
  • a viscosity modifier including hydrogenated copolymers of styrene-butadiene, ethylene-propylene polymers, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polymethacrylate
  • the viscosity modifier includes polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters, polyalkylmethacrylates and esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers, polyisobutenes or mixtures thereof.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity may contain a polymer (or viscosity modifier) present in ranges from 0 wt % to 70 wt %, or about 5 wt % to 65 wt %, or about 10 to about 60 wt %, or about 15 to about 50 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating composition comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity containing mixtures of a viscosity modifier and an API Group III or IV base oil.
  • the lubricating composition contains a synthetic oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • Oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, II, III, IV, V, VI or mixtures thereof, and in another embodiment API Group II, III, IV or mixtures thereof.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity is a Group III or IV base oil and in another embodiment a Group IV base oil.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity may be present in several embodiments in ranges from about 15.5 wt % to about 99.9 wt %, or from about 44 wt % to about 99.9 wt %, or from about 64 wt % to about 99.7 wt % of the lubricating composition.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity may be used alone or in combination.
  • the invention further contains about 0 wt % to less than about 0.25 wt % of a metal dialkyldithiophosphate.
  • the invention contains about 0.15 wt
  • metal dialkyldithiophosphate % or less, about 800 ppm or less, about 600 ppm or less or about 300 ppm or less of the metal dialkyldithiophosphate.
  • suitable range metal dialkyldithiophosphate may be present in include about 0 ppm to about 1000 ppm, about 0 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 0 ppm to about 750 ppm or about 0 ppm to about 400 ppm.
  • the lubricating composition is free of a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate.
  • Examples of a metal hydrocarbyl dithiophosphate include zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates (often referred to as ZDDP, ZDP or ZDTP).
  • the method optionally includes at least one additional performance additive.
  • the additional performance additive includes at least one of antiscuffing agents, detergents other than (b), friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents and mixtures thereof.
  • the additional performance additives may be used alone or in combination.
  • the total combined amount of the additional performance additives present in several embodiments ranges from about 0 wt % to about 25 wt %, or from about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt %, or from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt
  • % of the lubricating composition % of the lubricating composition.
  • additional performance additives may be present, it is common for the other additional performance additives to be present in different amounts relative to each other.
  • the lubricating composition is free of an antioxidant sulphurised olefin. In another embodiment the lubricating composition is free of a sulphide capable of providing antiscuffing properties. [0083] If the present invention is in the form of a concentrate (which may be combined with additional oil to form, in whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of components (a) to (d) of the invention and the optional additional performance additives in an oil of lubricating viscosity, to diluent oil including in the range of about 80:20 to about 10:90 by weight.
  • Antioxidants include a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, a sulphurised olefin, a hindered phenol, a diphenylamine; detergents other than (b) of the invention include neutral or overbased, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, basic salts of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals with one or more of a carboxylic acid, a phosphorus acid, a mono- and/or a di- thiophosphoric acid, a saligenin, an alkylsalicylate and a salixarate.
  • Antiscuffing agents including organic sulphides and polysulphides, such as benzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, di-tertiary butyl polysulphide, di-tert-butylsulphide, sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts or alkyl sulphenyl N'N-dialkyl dithiocarbamates; and Extreme Pressure (EP) agents including chlorinated wax, organic sulphides and polysulphides, such as benzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts; phosphoric acid,
  • the friction modifiers include fatty amines, esters such as borated glycerol esters (such as glycerol monooleate), fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines, amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids.
  • esters such as borated glycerol esters (such as glycerol monooleate), fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalky
  • Additional performance additives such as corrosion inhibitors include octylamine octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine; foam inhibitors including copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and optionally vinyl acetate; demulsifiers including polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers; pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride- styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides; and seal swell agents including Exxon Necton-37TM (FN 1380) and Exxon Mineral Seal Oil
  • (FN 3200) may also be used in the lubricating composition of the invention.
  • the invention is useful for lubricating a transmission, a driveshaft
  • the lubricating composition is a transmission oil, a driveshaft oil, a gear oil, an axle oil or mixtures thereof.
  • the invention is capable of providing a lubricating composition and a method of lubricating a transmission, a gear, a transaxle, and/or an axle; and capable of providing at least one of acceptable protection against wear, scuffing and micropitting, whilst providing acceptable hose and/or seal compatability, oxidation stability and cleanliness.
  • the transmission is manual and in another embodiment the transmission is automatic. In one embodiment the manual transmission in non-synchronised.
  • non-synchronised relates to a transmission that does not contain a synchroniser (or synchromesh).
  • the lubricating composition further comprises at least one of a dispersant and/or a dispersant viscosity modifier. In one embodiment both a dispersant and/or a dispersant viscosity modifier are present.
  • a lubricating composition is prepared by blending into an oil of lubricating viscosity about 1.3 Wt % of a oil soluble phosphorus amine salt; about 1.5 wt % of a detergent package containing a phenate and a sulphonate detergent; about 0.004 wt % of at least one metal deactivator; about 20 wt % of a dispersant viscosity modifier; and about 0.8 wt % of a dispersant.
  • the lubricating composition has a Kinematic Viscosity (at 100 0 C as determined by ASTM method D2270) of about 18 mm 2 /s (or cSt); and a Viscosity at 40 0 C (as determined by D2270) of 130.5 mm 2 /s.
  • Reference Example 1 is a commercially available manual transmission fluid.
  • Test 1 Scuffing Test
  • a FZG scuffing test is carried out on the lubricating composition of Example 1.
  • the FZG scuffing test is carried out using "A" type gears, with diameter of about 10mm, at a speed of about 16.6 in reverse and at about 120 ° C (test also referred to as A10/16.6R/120 test).
  • Acceptable results are obtained for samples with a pass at load stage 7 or higher.
  • the result obtained is a pass at load stage 9. Therefore the lubricating composition of Example 1 passes the scuffing test.
  • Test 2 Pitting Test
  • a FZG pitting text is carried out employing C-type gears, at load 9 and at about 120 ° C (also referred to as C/9/120 conditions) for over about 64 hours.
  • the results obtained for pitting are rated from 0 to 2 for the pinion and wheel. Generally the lower the number indicates less micropitting with rating 0 equivalent to less than about 10% of surface micropitted; a rating of 1 is equivalent to about 10 to about 30 % of the surface being micropitted and 3 has greater than about 30 % of the surface micropitted.
  • the results obtained indicate that Example 1 performs equal to and better than Reference Example 1. Therefore the lubricating composition of Example 1 passes the pitting test.
  • Test 3 Oxidative Stability
  • the oxidative stability test is carried out as described in ASTM method D5704, for a period of about 300 hours. Acceptable results are obtained for samples with a viscosity increase at 100°C of less than 50 %.
  • Example 1 provided has a viscosity increase at 100 ° C as determined by D5704 of 37.6 %. Therefore the lubricating composition of Example 1 passes the oxidative stability test.
  • Test 4 Mack Cyclic Durability
  • the cooler hose compatability test is carried out using a chlorinated polypropylene hose and the procedure of SAE J 1019 (Title: "Tests and Procedures for High-Temperature Transmission Oil Hose, Engine Lubricating Oil Hose and Hose Assemblies"). Acceptable results are obtained for samples capable of reaching 750 hours without failure. The results indicate that Reference Example 1 fails before 750 hours. The lubricating composition of Example 1 passes as it reaches 750 hours.
  • the Cooler Hose Static Immersion test is carried out as described in ASTM method D471. Acceptable results are obtained for a sample with a reported volume change from 0 to 65 %. The results obtained for a triplicate test of Example 1 are 42.8, 41.7 and 41.7. Therefore, the lubricating composition of Example 1 passes the Cooler Hose Static Immersion test. [00102] In summary the lubricating composition of the invention is capable of providing at least one of acceptable protection against wear, scuffing and micropitting, whilst providing acceptable hose and/or seal compatability, oxidation stability and cleanliness.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition lubrifiante qui contient : (a) un sel aminique de phosphore soluble dans l'huile ; (b) entre environ 0,0001 % en poids et environ 0,5 % en poids d'un agent détergent contenant un métal qui comprend un phénate et un sulfonate ; (c) un dispersant ; (d) un modificateur de viscosité dispersant ; (e) un désactivateur de métaux ; et (f), une huile à viscosité lubrifiante, la composition lubrifiante contenant moins d'environ 0,25 % en poids d'un dialkyldithiophosphate métallique. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de lubrification d'une transmission au moyen de ladite composition lubrifiante.
PCT/US2006/020962 2005-06-02 2006-05-31 Composition d'huile et son utilisation dans une transmission WO2006130603A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002609770A CA2609770A1 (fr) 2005-06-02 2006-05-31 Composition d'huile et son utilisation dans une transmission
EP06771630A EP1888726A2 (fr) 2005-06-02 2006-05-31 Composition d'huile et son utilisation dans une transmission
JP2008514778A JP2008542502A (ja) 2005-06-02 2006-05-31 油組成物および伝動装置におけるその使用

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/143,531 US20060276352A1 (en) 2005-06-02 2005-06-02 Oil composition and its use in a transmission
US11/143,531 2005-06-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006130603A2 true WO2006130603A2 (fr) 2006-12-07
WO2006130603A3 WO2006130603A3 (fr) 2007-03-08

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US (1) US20060276352A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1888726A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008542502A (fr)
CA (1) CA2609770A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006130603A2 (fr)

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WO2007062315A2 (fr) 2005-11-21 2007-05-31 Acist Medical Systems, Inc. Systeme d'injection de fluides medicaux
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KR20120090042A (ko) * 2009-08-18 2012-08-16 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 내마모 조성물 및 동력전달장치를 윤활처리하는 방법
BR112012003696A2 (pt) * 2009-08-18 2016-03-29 Lubrizol Corp composição anti-desgaste e método de lubrificação de um motor de combustão interna
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CN102630249B (zh) 2009-09-14 2014-03-05 卢布里佐尔公司 具有良好的水耐受性的农用拖拉机润滑组合物
CN102712868A (zh) * 2009-11-24 2012-10-03 卢布里佐尔公司 含有粘度改进剂组合的润滑组合物
EP2507350B1 (fr) * 2009-11-30 2018-06-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Utilisation de compositions stabilisees contenant de modificateurs de frictions
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US10443011B2 (en) * 2017-01-18 2019-10-15 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with overbased calcium and overbased magnesium detergents and method for improving low-speed pre-ignition
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US10370615B2 (en) 2017-01-18 2019-08-06 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricants with calcium-containing detergents and their use for improving low-speed pre-ignition
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CA2609770A1 (fr) 2006-12-07
EP1888726A2 (fr) 2008-02-20
US20060276352A1 (en) 2006-12-07
WO2006130603A3 (fr) 2007-03-08
JP2008542502A (ja) 2008-11-27

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