WO2006123979A1 - Support pour equipement de toit - Google Patents
Support pour equipement de toit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006123979A1 WO2006123979A1 PCT/SE2006/000297 SE2006000297W WO2006123979A1 WO 2006123979 A1 WO2006123979 A1 WO 2006123979A1 SE 2006000297 W SE2006000297 W SE 2006000297W WO 2006123979 A1 WO2006123979 A1 WO 2006123979A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bracket
- roof
- bracket according
- yielding zone
- fastening
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
- E04G21/3261—Safety-nets; Safety mattresses; Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/10—Snow traps ; Removing snow from roofs; Snow melters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/12—Devices or arrangements allowing walking on the roof or in the gutter
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
- E04G21/3261—Safety-nets; Safety mattresses; Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
- E04G21/3276—Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
- E04G21/3261—Safety-nets; Safety mattresses; Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
- E04G21/3276—Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines
- E04G21/329—Arrangements on buildings for connecting safety-lines with measures for dampening the fall
Definitions
- the invention concerns a bracket for roof equipment according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a bracket comprises a bent plate metal construction with an engagement portion for cooperation with screw elements to be attached to a roof.
- a fastening portion for cooperation with rack pipes and further details is comprised of a fin-shaped, upstanding plate metal portion with holes .
- the known bracket For receiving and levelling excessive loads, such as pulling loads from a falling person who is attached to the equipment with a lifeline, the known bracket provides a weakened deformation portion. This deformation portion allows the bracket, in connection with it being deformed, to receive a pull load but to transfer a load to the substrate which is levelled over time.
- the aim of this is on the one hand that the attachment on the roof is to be protected, so that the bracket is not pulled out from its attachment, on the other hand that the falling person shall not be abruptly subjected to very high corresponding sudden pulling loads in the lifeline.
- the previously known bracket for roof equipment works very well and serves its purpose entirely according to the intentions. It requires, however, a reinforced attachment at certain types of roofs in order to avoid it to be pulled out from its substrate, which brings about higher costs. In practice it prevents using the known bracket in certain applications .
- bracket as defined above which is improved in relation to the previously known bracket and in particular more economic, more flexible and better applicable to more types of substrates, also of the kind that today can be seen as sensitive to loads at the attachment area.
- the bracket By providing the bracket with a first yielding zone, which is ' adapted such that it yields for forces exceeding a certain level, the bracket can be allowed to be brought down in such a way that the upper portion thereby will be positioned at a shorter distance from the roof plane, thus closer thereto, before the main load reception by deformation in the second yielding zone occurs.
- bracket can be used for more applications and thereby handling costs, storing costs etc. are reduced.
- bracket for fastening roof bridges, roof ridge and roof base racks and snow slide protection means can meet the functional requirements in the building rules of the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning. In particular they require a static load with 500 kg per meter and a dynamic load with free fall 2,5 m of 100 kg.
- the first yielding zone is in particular comprised of a metal bridge which is tearable and has a thickness and a width that are chosen such that the metal bridge will tear off at the first loading level.
- the first yielding zone can, however, also be comprised of a material portion having dimensions and a construction that are chosen such that it yields but will be maintained continuous at the first loading level. This can as an example be realised by having a material portion of the first yielding zone being constructed as a curved or bent metal bridge, which will straighten our but not tear off when the first yielding zone yields .
- the manufacture of the bracket is simplified and more effective.
- the bracket is made of bent plate metal material. This gives good economy, secure and relatively simple dimensioning and the possibility of making the bracket with conventional, relatively straight forward plate metal working methods.
- bracket By constructing the bracket as a combination bracket, with several functions, its use can be made more economic.
- Fig. 1 shows a bracket according to the invention in a first perspective view
- Fig. 2 shows the bracket in Fig. 1 in a second perspective view
- Figs. 3 and 4 show pictures corresponding to Fig. 1 and 2, but with indication of the process of subjecting the bracket to excessive forces
- Figs . 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the bracket according to the invention in the first and a second perspective view respectively.
- reference numeral 1 concerns a bracket for roof equipment including an engagement portion 2 for the engagement with a roof, a fastening portion 3 for fastening roof equipment such as rack pipes etc. and an intermediate deformation portion 4, which is arranged to take up excessive loads acting on the bracket through deformation.
- the bracket includes a first yielding zone in the form of a metal bridge 8, which is adapted, as to its dimensions, viz. thickness and width, in relation to the material straight properties, so that at forces P at the certain level, the metal bridge 8 is teared apart and the fastening portion 3 is brought down in direction to the engagement portion 2. Further load reception will then occur by force reception through deformation of a second yielding zone 4.
- the metal bridge 8 comprising the first yielding zone is limited by a large hole 7, in the form of a circular hole 7, and the outer contour of the bracket.
- said outer contour is provided with a weakening cut-out 9 in the form of a partly circular cut-out, which is positioned at the upper end portion of a sideways bent fastening ear 10. This is used for cooperation with a partly circular holder for a roof ladder holder.
- the bracket 1 is provided with partly circular surfaces 11 and 12, which are adapted for lying against an outer contour of such a per see previously known holder for roof latter which is marked by the applicant.
- the engagement portion 2 there are a number of holes 6 made for receiving fastening screws such as plate screws etc. It is of course possible to provide the engagement portion 2 with further recesses and holes for cooperation with other fastening elements of different dimensions.
- the bracket 1 in Figs. 1 and 2 is made from a plate metal material through per see known plate metal working methods such as hole cutting, cross cutting, shearing and bending.
- Figs. 3 and 4 the bracket according to the invention is illustrated when subjected to a load exceeding a certain chosen level.
- the metal bridge 8 At a load with a force of such a magnitude P in the area of hole 5' , the upper hole for receiving a rack pipe, the metal bridge 8 will be teared apart and burst along the interrupted line 15 in Figs. 3 and 4.
- the continuing load with a force P will result in that the thus free and teared apart portion of the metal bridge 8 initially moves in the direction of the arrow 16.
- connection areas 4' and 4" will bend or "wrinkle together" under deformation and thus receive a force P and distribute the pulling energy in connection with the force P into a load which is more levelled over time, acting on the fastening elements (not shown) which are in engagement with the holes 6.
- fastening elements will thereby on the one hand be subjected to lower maxima-1 forces, on the other hand be subjected generally to shearing forces because of the small lever prevailing, instead of pulling forces, which would otherwise affect said fastening elements in case of a more rigid bracket.
- Figs. 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of a bracket 18 according to the invention.
- the engagement portion 2 includes two clamping portions 19 and 20, which are arranged to clamp onto an upstanding edge fold of an edge folded plate metal roof.
- the clamp portions 19 and 20 are constructed having in use inverted U-shape and are over screw fastening means through a hole therein (illustrated by hole
- clamp portions clampable to an edge fold of a plate metal roof.
- the clamp portions are rigidified by pressed-in U-shaped ridges/grooves (illustrated with ridges
- the fastening portion of the bracket 18 differs from the one in Figs. 1 - 4 only by the first yielding zone 8 having a hole 21, which serves at a further fracture initiator in this case.
- the invention can be modified within the scope of the following claims and the fastening portion as well as the engagement portion can be designed otherwise.
- the provision of a tearable or yielding but continuous metal bridge can be realized in several ways and it is not excluded that a plurality of such metal bridges are arranged, preferable in parallel with each other, on the bracket.
- One example is, which is indicated above, forming of a curved bridge, which is allowed to straighten out when the first yielding zone yields .
- a bracket according to the invention can find its use in a number of applications such as a bracket for a lower part for a roof bridge, for a roof ridge rack, for a rack for a roof base, as snow slide protector, as a protective rack.
- the bracket can be constructed in order to suit all plate metal roofs, irrespective the width of the roof profile, whereby adjustment parts for adaptation to different roof profile dimensions can be avoided.
- the bracket is preferable screwed at the top of the roof profile together with adequate sealing means, which results in that no holes have to be made in parts of the roof profiles.
- a bracket according to the invention can have otherwise shaped engagement portion and also be used for felt roofs and sheet covered roofs and then preferably be fastened to a bracket holder that is marketed by the applicant and which is intended for gluing to the roof. It is also suitable for band covered roofs and, according to Figs. 5 and 6, for edge folded plate metal roofs .
- brackets there is also a possibility to fasten a bracket according to the invention to other types of roofs such as on tile profiled roofs.
- distance elements being of a flexible material, for example a rigid rubber material such as EPDM, and which are intended to support at least part of the bracket against the plate material that is positioned over a lower, preferably recessed tile profile portion.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
- Details Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
Abstract
L’invention a pour objet un support (1) pour équipement de toit comprenant une partie d’engagement (2) coopérant avec le toit, une partie de fixation (3) pour attacher ledit équipement de toit et une partie intermédiaire de déformation (4, 4', 4') destinée à recevoir les charges excessives s’exerçant sur la partie de fixation (3) par déformation et composée d’une première zone de fléchissement (8) adaptée pour fléchir sous un premier niveau de charge afin de permettre l’abaissement de la partie de fixation (3) dans une direction opposée au plan général (2 sur la fig. 2) de l’engagement du support (1) dans le toit et d’une seconde zone de fléchissement (4, 4', 4') adaptée pour absorber les charges excédant le premier niveau de charge par déformation.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06716982.1A EP1882066B1 (fr) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-03-08 | Support pour equipement de toit |
PL06716982T PL1882066T3 (pl) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-03-08 | Wspornik do sprzętu dachowego |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0501104A SE530335C2 (sv) | 2005-05-17 | 2005-05-17 | Konsol för takutrustning |
SE0501104-4 | 2005-05-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006123979A1 true WO2006123979A1 (fr) | 2006-11-23 |
Family
ID=37431494
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2006/000297 WO2006123979A1 (fr) | 2005-05-17 | 2006-03-08 | Support pour equipement de toit |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1882066B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUE040275T2 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL1882066T3 (fr) |
SE (1) | SE530335C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006123979A1 (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008055063A1 (fr) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-05-08 | D B Industries, Inc. | Dispositif d'ancrage de toit |
US7665248B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2010-02-23 | D B Industries, Inc. | Roof anchor |
ITMI20102117A1 (it) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-17 | Roberto Bruscuglia | Sistema integrato di assorbimento delle forze dispositivi di ancoraggio uni en 795/02 |
EP2581520A3 (fr) * | 2011-05-27 | 2015-07-22 | Gamag ApS | Support |
EP3020887A1 (fr) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-18 | DL Fischer GmbH | Dispositif de butée sur des surfaces verticales, horizontales ou inclinées de constructions |
EP3219874A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-20 | Werner Co. | Ancrage de toit monolithique |
EP3663479A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-10 | Rautaruukki Oyj | Attache pour produits de sécurité de toit |
SE2051139A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-03-31 | Cwl Patent Ab | Securing arrangement |
SE2051196A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-16 | Cwl Patent Ab | Attachment device |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4339391A1 (fr) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-03-20 | CWL Patent AB | Console de toit et dispositif de fixation |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1985005395A1 (fr) * | 1984-05-23 | 1985-12-05 | Gränges Aluminium Aktiebolag | Garde-fou pour faite et bords du toit d'une maison |
SE460135B (sv) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-09-11 | Weland Staal Ab | Anordning foer fastsaettning av lastupptagande beslag paa ett korrugerat tak |
SE0202706L (sv) | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-13 | Cw Lundberg Ind Ab | Anordning för fastsättning av takutrustning |
EP1500755A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-01-26 | Tractel International SAS | Ancre équipée d'au moins un élément d'amortissement et dispositif d'ancrage comprenant de telles ancres |
DE102004060372A1 (de) * | 2004-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Stahlbau Günther Grabmayr Ges. m.b.H. & Co. KG | Dachsicherung |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE560391C (de) * | 1932-10-03 | Heinrich Oelsner | Schneefanggitterstuetze | |
US97316A (en) * | 1869-11-30 | Improved snow-guard for roofs | ||
DE9103193U1 (fr) * | 1991-03-15 | 1992-07-16 | Lonevag Beslagfabrikk A/S, Lonevag, No | |
AU697769B2 (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1998-10-15 | Moxham Industrial Pty. Ltd. | A static line shock absorber |
AU749846B2 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2002-07-04 | D B Industries, Llc | Energy absorbing connector |
FIU20010494U0 (fi) * | 2001-12-28 | 2001-12-28 | Orima Tuote Oy | Kiinnityslevy |
DE202005000694U1 (de) * | 2005-01-14 | 2005-04-07 | Flender Fa Wilhelm | Klemmvorrichtung |
-
2005
- 2005-05-17 SE SE0501104A patent/SE530335C2/sv unknown
-
2006
- 2006-03-08 EP EP06716982.1A patent/EP1882066B1/fr active Active
- 2006-03-08 WO PCT/SE2006/000297 patent/WO2006123979A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2006-03-08 HU HUE06716982A patent/HUE040275T2/hu unknown
- 2006-03-08 PL PL06716982T patent/PL1882066T3/pl unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1985005395A1 (fr) * | 1984-05-23 | 1985-12-05 | Gränges Aluminium Aktiebolag | Garde-fou pour faite et bords du toit d'une maison |
SE460135B (sv) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-09-11 | Weland Staal Ab | Anordning foer fastsaettning av lastupptagande beslag paa ett korrugerat tak |
SE0202706L (sv) | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-13 | Cw Lundberg Ind Ab | Anordning för fastsättning av takutrustning |
SE524705C2 (sv) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-09-21 | Cw Lundberg Ind Ab | Anordning för fastsättning av takutrustning på ett falsat plåttak |
EP1500755A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-01-26 | Tractel International SAS | Ancre équipée d'au moins un élément d'amortissement et dispositif d'ancrage comprenant de telles ancres |
DE102004060372A1 (de) * | 2004-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Stahlbau Günther Grabmayr Ges. m.b.H. & Co. KG | Dachsicherung |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7665248B2 (en) | 2005-05-19 | 2010-02-23 | D B Industries, Inc. | Roof anchor |
WO2008055063A1 (fr) * | 2006-11-03 | 2008-05-08 | D B Industries, Inc. | Dispositif d'ancrage de toit |
US9327147B2 (en) | 2006-11-03 | 2016-05-03 | D B Industries, Llc | Roof anchor |
ITMI20102117A1 (it) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-17 | Roberto Bruscuglia | Sistema integrato di assorbimento delle forze dispositivi di ancoraggio uni en 795/02 |
EP2581520A3 (fr) * | 2011-05-27 | 2015-07-22 | Gamag ApS | Support |
EP3020887A1 (fr) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-18 | DL Fischer GmbH | Dispositif de butée sur des surfaces verticales, horizontales ou inclinées de constructions |
EP3219874A1 (fr) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-20 | Werner Co. | Ancrage de toit monolithique |
US10718125B2 (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2020-07-21 | Werner Co. | Monolithic roof anchor |
EP3663479A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-10 | Rautaruukki Oyj | Attache pour produits de sécurité de toit |
SE2051139A1 (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-03-31 | Cwl Patent Ab | Securing arrangement |
EP3978706A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-06 | CWL Patent AB | Agencement de fixation |
SE2051196A1 (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-16 | Cwl Patent Ab | Attachment device |
EP3985208A1 (fr) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-20 | CWL Patent AB | Dispositif de fixation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1882066B1 (fr) | 2018-07-18 |
PL1882066T3 (pl) | 2019-06-28 |
EP1882066A1 (fr) | 2008-01-30 |
EP1882066A4 (fr) | 2014-01-08 |
HUE040275T2 (hu) | 2019-02-28 |
SE530335C2 (sv) | 2008-05-06 |
SE0501104L (sv) | 2006-11-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1882066B1 (fr) | Support pour equipement de toit | |
US9316008B2 (en) | Roof anchor with shock absorbing means | |
US10617898B2 (en) | Anchor | |
US6668509B1 (en) | Reusable roof anchor for safety lines | |
US5687535A (en) | Detachable roof anchor | |
US6966531B2 (en) | Roof anchors | |
US5152107A (en) | Snow blocking device for attachment to corrugated metal roofs | |
US6725623B1 (en) | Standing seam metal roof wind uplift prevention bar | |
EP1852562B1 (fr) | Support pour équipement de toiture et système de protection de toit avec ce support | |
US9227094B2 (en) | Height safety anchor | |
US20100116589A1 (en) | Gutter protection and ladder support apparatus | |
US5971100A (en) | Ladder mount and gutter saver | |
AU2008100063A4 (en) | Safety anchor | |
AU2013100441A4 (en) | Roof Anchor Cable System Having Shock Absorbing Means | |
NZ590186A (en) | A portable roof anchor screwed to roof though ridges having an energy absorber connected to a harness | |
US20030183450A1 (en) | Gutter guard protector | |
US20120061178A1 (en) | Adjustable roofing safety apparatus | |
AU2014203632B2 (en) | Height Safety Anchor | |
AU2021103229B4 (en) | Improved rain gutter bracket | |
AU2006100648A4 (en) | A safety device for an elevated work area | |
AU2013100771A4 (en) | Roof Anchor With Planar Shock Absorbing Means | |
EP2491201B1 (fr) | Ensemble de verrouillage | |
AU712407B3 (en) | A roof safety device | |
AU2021212004A1 (en) | Roof edge fall protection system and method of use | |
CA2605063C (fr) | Dispositif de securite pour le secteur de la construction |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DPE2 | Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006716982 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: RU |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2006716982 Country of ref document: EP |