Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/179—Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents

Definitions

• a feed composition and method for pigmenting are provided.
• he present invention relates to a feed composition and a process for the olouring or pigmenting of various animals such as fish and Crustacea, and also 3 a process for increasing the endogenous concentrations of astaxanthin and hanthaxanthin.
• ⁇ further object of the present invention is to provide a method for pigmenting ieat and integuments of fish and Crustacea.
• v further object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing ie endogenous concentration of pigments in meat and integuments of fish and rustacea, such as astaxanthin and chanthaxanthin.
• he present inventors have surprisingly found that the inclusion of flavonoids ind fermented proteins in the feed composition given to Atlantic salmon nproved the colour and texture of the fish flesh both for fresh fish filets and for sh filets stored for five months.
• t is thus a further object of the present invention to provide coloured fish with mproved pigment stability of meat and integuments.
• Another object is to mprove the stability of processed fish, by-products and fish oil obtained from : anned fish, especially red fish.
• the feed composition according to the present invention comprises fermented Droteins and/or flavonoids, and more preferable isoflavones.
• Isoflavones can be found in many foods but the most abundant source of soflavones is the soy bean (Glycine max). Isoflavones and their derivatives oroduce health benefits in addition to nutritional values. Research suggests that soy isoflavones benefit humans in four ways: as estrogens and antiestrogens, as cancer-enzyme inhibitors, as antioxidants, and as immune system enhancers or stimulants (Setchell and Cassidy, 1999; Seiichiro Yamamoto et al., 2003).
• the isoflavones material that has been tested according to the invention contains the isoflavones Genistein and Dadzein and these are known to have antioxidative properties.
• Genistein is the aglycone (aglucon) of genistin.
• the isoflavone is found naturally as the glycoside genistin and as the glycosides 6"-O-malonylgenistin and 6"-O- acetylgenistin.
• Genistein and its glycosides are mainly found in legumes, such as soybeans and chickpeas. Soybeans and soy foods are the major dietary sources of these substances.
• Nonfermented soy foods, such as tofu contain higher levels of the genistein glycosides
• fermented soy foods such as tempeh and miso, contain higher levels of the aglycone.
• the present invention relates to a feed composition
• a feed composition comprising a flavonoid, deferable the flavonoid is a isoflavones, such as daidzein, genistein or glycitein.
• the feed comprises common feed components such as proteins and DiIs, and may optionally further comprises a pigment, such as astaxanthin or Danthaxanthin which further improves the colour of the recipient of the feed somposition.
• the present invention also relates to a process for increasing the colour of meat and integuments of fish and Crustacea, where the pertinent animal is fed a diet comprising a flavonoid.
• the present invention relates to a process for increasing the endogenous concentration of astaxanthin and chanthaxanthin of fish and crustacean, where the pertinent animal is fed a diet comprising a flavonoid.
• a still further embodiment of the invention relates to a process to increase the texture of fish and Crustacea, characterized in that the pertinent animal is fed a diet comprising a flavonoid.
• the processes in accordance with the invention preferable uses isoflavones such as daidzein, genistein or glycitein.
• the processes in accordance with the invention are preferable used to treat fish such as salmon and trout, and crustaceas such as crabs, lobsters and shrimps.
• Figure 1 shows the effects of inclusion of the isoflavones genistein/dadzein in the feed composition on flesh colour of salmon.
• the trial was conducted at Ewos Innovation's research station at L ⁇ nningdal, Norway. Atlantic salmon were fed diets, in duplicate with inclusions of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2% of a genistein/dadzein mixture (1/1).
• the feed material was prepared at Ewos Innovation research facilities, and the dry isoflavone material was incorporated in the feed production together with the other dry ingredients.
• the isoflavones material used in the test experiments is Gendaxin®.
• the feed components and proximate composition is given in table 1.
• Feed components and proximate composition in the experimental diets (g 100g-1).
• Each 5x5m net pen was stocked with 170 fish, the start weight was approximately 1.5 kg and the fish reached a final weight of 3.2 kg.
• Mean seawater temperature in the experimental period was 14.6 0 C, with a range from 8.4 to 20.2 0 C.
• Chroma Meter CR 200 (Minolta, Osaka, Japan), where L ⁇ -value describes the lightness, a*-value describes the red chromaticity and b*-value the yellow chromaticity.
• L ⁇ -value describes the lightness
• a*-value describes the red chromaticity
• b*-value the yellow chromaticity.
• Fillet colour was evaluated using the Salmo Fan (Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland), and the measurements were performed in a light-box with monochromatic light (Salmon Colour Box; Skretting, Stavanger, Norway), to minimise visual differences. Sensory evaluation was performed as a general impression of the fillet (Fillet) and in the NQC area (NQC).
• Astaxanthin and chanthaxanthin was analysed in pooled samples of the fresh fish by isocratic high-pressure liquid-chromatography on a Spherisorb S5-CN nitrile column as described by Bjerkeng et al. (1997).
• Fillet texture was evaluated instrumentally using a Texture Analyzer TA.XT2 (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, England) equipped with a cylindrical plunger (12.5 mm. diam.) performing the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA).
• TPA Texture Profile Analysis
• the plunger was pressed into the fillets at a constant speed of 1 mm s "1 until it reached 90 % of the sample height.
• the resistance force during compression to maximum force (Max force) and at 60% compression (Force ⁇ O) was obtained during compression.
• the gradient up to the breakpoint was calculated (gradient).
• Three measurements were performed on each sample, and the mean value was used in the data analysis. The measurements were made just in front of and under the dorsal fin, about 1.5 cm above the lateral line.
• Fillet gaping was evaluated on all fillets using a scale from 0 - 5 where 0 denotes no gaping and 5 severe gaping (Andersen et al., 1994).
• Mean round weight of the experimental fish was 3.20+0.02 kg.
• the feed material according to the present invention thus have the ability to increase the endogenous concentration of important pigments in the fish flesh.
• Canthaxanthin (mg/kg) 0.25+0.05 0.20+0.00 0.25 ⁇ 0.05 0.25 ⁇ 0.05
• Idoxanthin (mg/kg) N.D. N.D. 0.05 ⁇ 0.05 0.05+0.05
• Gaping (0-5) 0.50 ⁇ 0.11 0.56 ⁇ 0.18 0.85 ⁇ 0.18

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Botany (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Physiology (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Cited By (5)

Citations (9)

• 2005
  • 2005-05-20 NO NO20052432A patent/NO20052432L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2006
  • 2006-05-22 CA CA2609156A patent/CA2609156C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-05-22 WO PCT/NO2006/000192 patent/WO2006123939A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2006-05-22 EP EP06747651A patent/EP1937083A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (9)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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