WO2006117505A1 - A tamper-evident closure - Google Patents
A tamper-evident closure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006117505A1 WO2006117505A1 PCT/GB2006/001372 GB2006001372W WO2006117505A1 WO 2006117505 A1 WO2006117505 A1 WO 2006117505A1 GB 2006001372 W GB2006001372 W GB 2006001372W WO 2006117505 A1 WO2006117505 A1 WO 2006117505A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- closure
- ratchet
- container
- outer part
- gap
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
- B65D55/022—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure with ratchet effect between relatively rotating parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
- B65D55/026—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure initial opening or unauthorised access being indicated by a visual change using indicators other than tearable means, e.g. change of colour, pattern or opacity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
- B65D2401/55—Tamper-indicating means based on a change or a contrast in colour
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a closure for a container and particularly to a closure with means for indicating that the closure has been opened at least once.
- a particularly useful method of providing tamper-evidence is to use a system in which a closure is initially located in a first position, but once removed can only be returned to a second position which is visually distinct from the first position.
- US 5738231 describes a closure with a part which is moved during the opening process so that following opening it cannot pass back over a projection on the container finish. The result is that the closure can only return to a position in which it is axially displaced with respect to its original position.
- Document WO 02096771 describes a closure with a first portion with inner and outer parts, and a second portion.
- a section of the inner part of the first portion protrudes below the level of the outer part and is held firmly by a region of the second portion which is formed so as to have a reduced circumference.
- the section of the inner part is pulled from under the area of reduced circumference on the second portion.
- the inner part of the first portion and the area of reduced circumference on the second portion retain their original dimensions, so that if the first portion is reapplied the inner part can no longer pass under the area of reduced circumference. Accordingly a gap is produced between the outer part of the first portion and the second portion, because the section of the inner part which was previously trapped under the second portion is now trapped above the area of reduced circumference.
- the present invention seeks to address the above problem.
- the invention provides a tamper-evident closure for a container, the closure comprising: a first portion including inner and outer parts, and a second portion, wherein the outer part is movable relative to the inner part from a first position in which the outer part is immediately adjacent the second portion to a second position in which there is an unobstructed gap therebetween, and wherein the inner and outer parts are adapted to become irreversibly locked in the second position so that the outer part cannot be moved back to the first position to close the gap, characterised in that, the closure includes means for preventing the inner part from moving relative to the second portion until the outer part has reached the second position.
- the present invention therefore does not rely on an obstructing member becoming trapped to form a gap therebetween. Consequently, it is not possible to defeat the tamper-evidence by simply removing the obstructing member by cutting.
- the prevention means may comprise friction means between the first and second portions.
- the friction means may be provided by two sets of ratchet teeth. Such teeth are simple to produce with plastic materials.
- the second portion may be connected to a container and the first portion may comprise a cap.
- the second portion may be permanently fixed in its position on the container. This prevents the second portion from being moved upwardly to close the gap.
- the second portion may be adapted to engage a non-return fitment associated with the container. This is because certain industries, in particular the spirits industry, demand additional measures to prevent tampering. Non-return fitments fulfil this demand by preventing re-filling of the containers regardless of other tamper- evidence measures.
- the first portion may include a ratchet arrangement for locking the inner and outer parts in the second position.
- a ratchet arrangement is a simple and efficient method of irreversibly locking the inner and outer parts together.
- the invention provides in combination a container and a tamper- evident closure, the closure comprising: a first portion including inner and outer parts, and a second portion, wherein the second portion is connected to the container and the first portion is a removable top cap, the first portion outer part is movable relative to the inner part from a first position in which the outer part is immediately adjacent the second portion to a second position in which there is an empty, unobstructed gap therebetween, thereafter the first portion is removable and the inner and outer parts are adapted to become irreversibly locked in the second position so that the outer part cannot be moved back to the first position to close the gap when the first portion is replaced, characterised in that, prevention means are provided to prevent the inner part from moving relative to the second portion until the outer part has reached the second position.
- the combination may further comprise a non-return fitment connectable to the container, the second portion being adapted to engage the fitment.
- Figure 1 is an exploded side view of a closure arrangement formed in accordance with the present invention
- Figures 2A to 2F are views of a pourer part;
- Figures 3 A to 3F are views of an inner ratchet part;
- Figures 4A to 4F are views of an outer ratchet part
- Figure 5 is a cross-section of an assembled closure shown in a first position
- Figure 6 is a cross-section of the closure of Figure 5 shown in a second position
- Figure 7 is a cross-section through the pourer with the inner and outer ratchet removed
- Figure 8A is a side view of the closure arrangement of Figure 1 shown assembled and in an unopened position
- Figure 8B is a side view of the closure arrangement of Figure 8C following initial opening and removal of a lid part
- FIG SC is a side view of the closure of Figure 8B when the Hd has been replaced.
- a closure generally indicated 10.
- the closure 10 comprises: an outer ratchet 30; an inner ratchet 40; an optional sealing wad 50; and a pourer 60.
- the closure 10 is adapted to form part of a closure arrangement when fitted into an aluminium shell 20 and onto the neck 80 of a bottle via a sealing washer 70.
- FIG. 2A to 2F shows the pourer 60 in more detail.
- the pourer 60 comprises a base part 61 which is generally cylindrical and of a diameter approximately equal to the outer diameter of an associated container neck to which the closure may be fitted.
- the base part 61 has an upper surface 62.
- a small diameter cylinder 63 is mounted on the upper surface 62 and has an external screw thread 65.
- the combination of the base part 61 and the smaller cylinder 63 has a bore 64 running through it to allow the contents of the container to be poured once the closure has been opened.
- On the outer wall of the smaller cylinder 63 are located two sets of ratchet teeth 64.
- FIGS 3A to 3F show the inner ratchet 40 in more detail.
- the ratchet 40 has a cylindrical body 41.
- the body 41 is open at one end but closed by an upper plate 42 at the other.
- On the inner surface of the open end of the body 41 ratchet teeth 43 are formed.
- a screw thread 44 is formed on the outer surface of the body 41.
- a step 45 is provided between the outer surface on which the thread 44 sits and the inner surface on which the ratchet teeth 43 sit. The reason for the step 45 will be explained below.
- Two sets of ratchet teeth 46 are also formed on the outer surface of the body 41 at the end opposite to the open end.
- another screw thread 47 is formed on the inner surface of the body 41 but axially above the ratchet teeth 43.
- FIGS 4A to 4F show the outer ratchet 30 in more detail.
- the ratchet 30 has a cylindrical body 31 which has a bore 32 running through it. On the inner surface of the upper end of the body 31 are formed a set of ratchet teeth 32. At the lower end and on the inner surface of the body 31 a thread 34 is formed. Finally, the body 31 has an annulus 35 at the lower end of the body 31 which narrows the bore 32.
- Figure 5 shows a cross-section through an assembled closure 10 comprising the pourer 60, the inner ratchet 40 and the outer ratchet 30.
- the closure 10 is shown in combination with a container neck 80.
- the pourer 60 is held in place onto the container by the sealing washer 70 which fits inside the neck 80.
- the closure 10 is shown in the initial unopened position. This is indicated by the fact that the annulus 35 of the ratchet 30 is flush against the upper surface 62 of the pourer 60.
- Figure 5 shows the interrelationship between the various ratchet teeth and the screw thread of the pourer 60 and ratchet parts 30, 40.
- Figure 6 shows a further cross-section of the closure 10. However, in this figure the closure has been particularly opened as is indicated by the gap "G" between upper surface 62 and annulus 35.
- ratchet teeth 64 and 43 do interlock when the closure is being opened. This ensures that the inner ratchet 40 and the pourer 60 do not initially rotate relative to one another.
- annulus 35 is raised up away from upper surface 62 thus creating gap "G", but that the axial travel of annulus 35 is limited by step 45 on the underside of the inner ratchet 40. Once this position has been reached outer ratchet 30 cannot be rotated further relative to inner ratchet 40.
- Figure 7 shows the pourer 60 and container neck 80 free of the inner and outer ratchets 40, 30.
- Ratchet teeth 64, 43 are designed such that when rotated relative to one another in this closing direction the teeth do not interlock but merely ride over each other.
- the combination inner and outer ratchets 40, 30 may only be rotated to the extent shown in Figure 6. This is because the underside of the ratchet teeth 43 on the inner ratchet 40 will butt up against the upper surface 62 of the pourer 60 thus preventing any further relative axial movement. Further, ratchet teeth 46, 32 interact with each other when the outer ratchet 30 is rotated in the closing direction. This prevents any relative rotation of the inner and outer ratchets 40, 30. This interaction between ratchet teeth 46 and 32 also acts to prevent the outer ratchet 30 being rotated in the closing direction even if the closure 10 has only been opened very slightly.
- outer ratchet 30 could be sealed such that no tools may be used to overcome the opposed ratchet teeth 46, 32.
- the closure 10 is shown in Figures 8 A to 8C in combination with an ROPP (roll on pilfer proof) metal shell 20 which acts as type of sheath.
- ROPP roll on pilfer proof
- the shell 20 is split into three main parts: upper 21; middle 22; and lower 23. These three parts are separated by two lines of frangible bridges 24, 25.
- the upper part 21 is fixed to the outer ratchet 30 by well known means, so that to open the closure the upper part 21 is grasped and turned. As the outer ratchet 30 rotates and moves axially away from pourer 60 the first line 24 of frangible bridges breaks. This breakage acts as tamper evidence.
- the gap "G" created as the closure is opened, and as discussed above, will be seen as a gap between the upper part 21 and the middle part 22, as shown in Figure 8C.
- the upper part 21 also acts as further tamper evidence means since it encloses the outer 30 and hence the inner 40 ratchets and is adhered to the outer ratchet 30 by such means as crimping or glueing. Accordingly, the opposed ratchet teeth 46, 32 are even more difficult to access so that re-setting of the closure is virtually impossible without visibly damaging the upper shell 21.
- the middle and lower parts 22, 23 are used to ensure that the pourer 60 cannot be removed from the container neck 80. This is achieved because the lower part 23 is crimped onto the neck 80 as may be seen by reference 26. The outer ratchet 30 is held in the upper part 21 by crimping as may be seen by reference 28. Further the middle part 22 is crimped onto the base part 61 of the pourer 60 as may be seen by reference 27. Thus, if the pourer part is removed from the container neck 80, the lower line 25 of frangible bridges is broken which thus acts as tamper evidence.
- Figure 8B shows a side view of one embodiment of the closure including an ROPP wherein the upper part together with the inner 40 and outer 30 ratchets have been removed revealing the pourer 60.
- the pourer 60 is affixed to a container 80 by means of the lower 23 and middle 22 parts of the ROPP being crimped over them.
- crimping is discussed as the means of fixing the shell parts 21, 22, 23 to the closure 10, other methods such as glueing or welding could, of course, be used.
- FIG. 3A to 3F Another feature of the inner ratchet 40 may be seen in Figures 3A to 3F. This is the feature that the two sets of ratchet teeth are formed on a band 48 which is attached to the rest of the inner ratchet by means of narrow straps 49. The two sets of teeth fit closely to the corresponding teeth 32 on the inner surface of the outer ratchet 30. However, the band 48 has a circumference which is slightly smaller than the circumference of the bore of the outer ratchet 30. This allows a degree of flexibility in the band 48 as will be explained below.
- the straps 49 are spaced about the circumference of the inner ratchet 40 and form “windows" 49A between them.
- This arrangement further provides for a degree of flexibility in the band 48 and allows it to deform out of a circular shape when the closure is initially being opened. This allows the ratchet teeth 46, 32 to slip over one another as described above. This flexibility is necessary because the two sets of ratchet teeth 46 and 32 are arranged so that they fit very closely together. This closeness ensures that the outer ratchet 30 cannot be turned relative to the inner ratchet 40 in the closing direction since this relative rotation would eliminate the gap "G" and hence eliminate the evidence of the closure having been opened.
- the ratchet teeth could be slip over one another.
- the outer surface of the lower end of the inner ratchet 40 i.e. that part which has ratchet teeth 46 on its inner surface
- closure according to the invention has been described above in combination with a metal ROPP it would also be possible to combine the closure with other types of material. Also, the closure could be affixed to an associated container by other means such as adhesive or welds. Further, since the basic combination of inner and outer ratchets and pourer is air tight in its own right this combination could be used without any other form of outer sheath.
- ratchet teeth 64, 46 are described as the friction means necessary to allow the closure to operate correctly, other means could be employed. For instance, roughened surfaces could be chosen to provide enough friction to "lock" the pourer 60 and inner ratchet 40 together, on initial opening, whilst the outer ratchet 30 is rotated relative to the inner ratchet 40 but not to provide enough friction to prevent the inner ratchet 40 and pourer 60 being rotated relative to one another after the gap "G" has been created and with continued rotation of the outer ratchet 30.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0611178-5A BRPI0611178A2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-04-18 | tamper evident tamper proof closure |
EP06726771A EP1874649B1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-04-18 | A tamper-evident closure |
US11/912,366 US20080105644A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-04-18 | Tamper-Evident Closure |
MX2007013259A MX2007013259A (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-04-18 | A tamper-evident closure. |
AT06726771T ATE525305T1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-04-18 | CLOSURE WITH ORIGINALITY SECURITY |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05270012 | 2005-04-29 | ||
EP05270012.7 | 2005-04-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006117505A1 true WO2006117505A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
Family
ID=34941861
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2006/001372 WO2006117505A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-04-18 | A tamper-evident closure |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080105644A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1874649B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070122515A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100554094C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE525305T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0611178A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007013259A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2388673C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006117505A1 (en) |
Cited By (17)
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US20070158958A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2007-07-12 | Pi Investment Ag | Color coding lock |
GB2450939A (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-14 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | A tamper-evident closure for a container |
GB2450940A (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-14 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | A tamper-evident closure for a container |
WO2009128095A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-22 | Creative Gcl S.R.L. | Compact optical closure |
WO2009141581A1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-26 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | A tamper-evident closure |
WO2011157978A1 (en) * | 2010-06-16 | 2011-12-22 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | A tamper-evident closure |
WO2013068750A1 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-16 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | A tamper evident closure |
WO2013079545A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2013-06-06 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | A tamper-evident closure |
WO2013113435A1 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-08 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Tamper-evident closure |
ITMI20121324A1 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-28 | Guala Closures Spa | TAMPER EVIDENT CLOSURE. |
US9242768B2 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2016-01-26 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Tamper evident closure |
WO2017081045A1 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-18 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Improvements in or relating to a closure for a container neck |
WO2017093218A1 (en) | 2015-12-02 | 2017-06-08 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | A tamper-evident closure |
WO2018069251A1 (en) | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-19 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Improvements in or relating to closures |
US10252844B2 (en) | 2013-04-18 | 2019-04-09 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Tamper-evident closure |
WO2020025531A1 (en) | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | A tamper-evident closure comprising a rfid tag |
WO2020052696A1 (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-19 | Acevedo Madrid Daniel Eduardo | Capsule-type safety lock with visual vertical safety line surface alert with single random position |
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CN102774562A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-11-14 | 珠海经济特区龙狮瓶盖有限公司 | Anti-fake bottle cover |
WO2017037271A1 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-03-09 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Adapter for connecting a dispenser to a container |
EP3319069B1 (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-05-01 | Skeyecode | Method for authenticating a user by means of a non-secure terminal |
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- 2006-04-18 WO PCT/GB2006/001372 patent/WO2006117505A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-04-18 CN CNB2006800146844A patent/CN100554094C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-04-18 KR KR1020077024896A patent/KR20070122515A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-04-18 US US11/912,366 patent/US20080105644A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-04-18 AT AT06726771T patent/ATE525305T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-04-18 RU RU2007144191/12A patent/RU2388673C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-04-18 EP EP06726771A patent/EP1874649B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-04-18 BR BRPI0611178-5A patent/BRPI0611178A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-04-18 MX MX2007013259A patent/MX2007013259A/en active IP Right Grant
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US20070158958A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2007-07-12 | Pi Investment Ag | Color coding lock |
US8499949B2 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2013-08-06 | Pi Investment Ag | Color coding lock |
US9242768B2 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2016-01-26 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Tamper evident closure |
WO2009010722A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-22 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Tamper-evident closure |
GB2450939B (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2012-02-01 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | Tamper-Evident closure |
KR101430287B1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2014-08-14 | 오브리스트 클로저스 스위쩔런드 게엠베하 | Tamper-evident closure |
KR101512526B1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2015-04-15 | 오브리스트 클로저스 스위쩔런드 게엠베하 | Tamper-evident closure |
CN101743175B (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2011-07-20 | 奥布里斯特封闭瑞士有限公司 | Tamper-evident closure |
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CN103906689A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2014-07-02 | 奥布里斯特封闭瑞士有限公司 | A tamper evident closure |
RU2636376C2 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2017-11-22 | Обрист Клоужес Свитцерланд Гмбх | Tamper evident cover |
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WO2013068750A1 (en) | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-16 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | A tamper evident closure |
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US9038841B2 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2015-05-26 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Tamper-evident closure |
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WO2014016391A1 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-30 | Guala Closures S.P.A. | Tamper evident closure |
ITMI20121324A1 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-28 | Guala Closures Spa | TAMPER EVIDENT CLOSURE. |
EA031019B1 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | Гуала Клоужурс С.П.А. | Tamper evident closure |
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RU2706433C1 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2019-11-19 | Обрист Кложерс Свитселэнд Гмбх | Cover with first opening control |
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WO2018069251A1 (en) | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-19 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Improvements in or relating to closures |
WO2020025531A1 (en) | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | A tamper-evident closure comprising a rfid tag |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20070122515A (en) | 2007-12-31 |
RU2007144191A (en) | 2009-06-10 |
EP1874649B1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
EP1874649A1 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
ATE525305T1 (en) | 2011-10-15 |
CN100554094C (en) | 2009-10-28 |
US20080105644A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
RU2388673C2 (en) | 2010-05-10 |
MX2007013259A (en) | 2008-01-21 |
CN101166675A (en) | 2008-04-23 |
BRPI0611178A2 (en) | 2010-08-17 |
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