WO2006114521A1 - Rapid-response thermostatic element, a cartridge and valve equipped with this element, and method for manufacturing this element - Google Patents

Rapid-response thermostatic element, a cartridge and valve equipped with this element, and method for manufacturing this element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006114521A1
WO2006114521A1 PCT/FR2006/000929 FR2006000929W WO2006114521A1 WO 2006114521 A1 WO2006114521 A1 WO 2006114521A1 FR 2006000929 W FR2006000929 W FR 2006000929W WO 2006114521 A1 WO2006114521 A1 WO 2006114521A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cup
thermostatic element
radiator
wafer
plates
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2006/000929
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mathieu Draber
Original Assignee
Vernet
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Publication date
Application filed by Vernet filed Critical Vernet
Publication of WO2006114521A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006114521A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/002—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by temperature variation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermostatic element of the type comprising an elongated metal outer cup, containing a substantially expandable and contractile material according to the direction of variation of its temperature, and a piston movable relative to the cup in the longitudinal direction of that and coupled to the expandable and contractile material to move in opposite directions as the material expands or contracts.
  • the invention also relates to a cartridge and a thermostatic valve equipped with such an element.
  • the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such an element.
  • thermostatic elements are used in particular in the field of controlling the temperature of a fluid resulting from the mixing of two fluid streams at different temperatures, the relative movement of the piston and the cup being implemented to modify the proportion of the mixing of the two fluid streams. This is particularly the case in mixer taps and mixer taps.
  • thermostatic element For a large number of applications in this field, it is necessary that the response of the thermostatic element is very fast, that is to say that the change in the temperature of the medium in which the cup is located leads to very high temperatures. short delay a corresponding movement of the piston. This is particularly the case for thermostatic elements immersed in a feed water stream of a sanitary installation, an application for which, an ideal temperature being selected, a temperature drop of only three or four degrees is very unpleasant, and an increase of a few degrees can be the cause of burns.
  • thermostatic elements conventionally used in this type of application comprise, for example according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a metal cup 1 having a tubular running portion 11 having a generally cylindrical shape with a circular base and a longitudinal axis X-X.
  • a bottom end 12 closes this portion 11 while the opposite end blooms to connect to a collar 13.
  • a sheath 2, having a shape of revolution with a central channel 21, comprises a base 22 housed in the collar of the cup so that apart from the base 22, the sleeve 2 extends out of the cup in the opposite direction to the cylindrical portion 11 thereof, and coaxially.
  • the flange 13 is crimped around the base 22.
  • the tubular portion 11 of the cup is filled with a mass of material which is very expandable and contractile as a function of temperature variations, especially around a functional temperature, here a mass of wax 3.
  • the base 22 of the sleeve comprises in its face which is opposite this mass of wax, an annular housing 23 in which is anchored the periphery of a diaphragm 4 disc-shaped and elastically deformable, closing the central channel 21 of the sleeve on the side of the cup 1.
  • a piston 5 subject to the movements of the central region of the diaphragm via a pad 7 of deformable elastomer in contact against the surface of the diaphragm opposite to the and a polymer washer 8 such as PTFE inserted between the pad and the piston and fitted into the channel 21 to prevent creep of the pad elastomer around the piston.
  • the end of piston 5 opposite the diaphragm 4 is more or less protruding out of the sheath depending on the volume occupied by the wax, so the temperature thereof.
  • thermostatic elements The general design of these thermostatic elements is well adapted to the use of a wax whose coefficient of expansion is very important compared to that of the common fluids (approximately 10 to 20 times higher) and thus likely to cause a very wide movement of the piston.
  • these waxes have a very low thermal conductivity (about 1000 times less than that of copper), and thus the temperature of the entire mass of the wax reflects imperfectly and with great delay that of the fluid that bathes the cup.
  • the wax is generally "filled” with a powder of material having a good thermal conductivity, for example a copper powder of appropriate size.
  • the term "wax" will be used to denote both filled and uncharged mixtures and single-component waxes.
  • all these devices are insufficient to obtain a rapid response thermostatic element used without special care in a sanitary installation.
  • I / insert 6 thus divides most of the volume within the cup 1 into four separate blind holes 14 distributed around the axis XX and opens all of the diaphragm 4.
  • the majority of the wax 3 is stored in these cavities the remainder of the wax being axially interposed between the diaphragm and the outlets of the cavities.
  • the heat of the tubular walls 11 and the bottom 12 of the cup 1 is transmitted more rapidly to the internal metal insert 6 than to the wax 3, the latter being then heated by the insert in addition to its heating. by the walls of the cup.
  • the response time of this thermostatic element is thus significantly improved.
  • the embodiment of the insert 6 in one piece as in EP-AO 153 555 for example by extrusion, molding, machining or the like, is expensive and involves having an insert whose walls are relatively thick; which requires, on the one hand, to increase the external dimensions of the cup 1, for a given volume of wax and cup wall thickness, and, on the other hand, to take account of a significant thermal inertia with respect to this insert because, because of its large mass, it takes a certain amount of energy and therefore time for it to heat up and then cool.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fast response thermostatic element, whose internal insert is more economical to manufacture and optimized with respect to the response time of the thermostatic element.
  • the subject of the invention is a thermostatic element as defined in claim 1.
  • the use of two partially split plates to obtain the radiator of the thermostatic element according to the invention is particularly economical because these plates can be made from a metal sheet of small thickness, which is easily cut to the appropriate dimensions.
  • the thickness of the walls of the radiator that is to say the thickness of these plates, can be chosen sufficiently fine to optimize the response time of the thermostatic element according to the invention since, by reducing this thickness, it reduces the mass of the radiator, which limits the energy and therefore the time required to heat the radiator, as well as the time required for its cooling during the contraction of the thermostatic element.
  • the thermostatic element according to the invention is more economical to manufacture and its response time is reduced.
  • the presence of the radiator of the thermostatic element according to the invention does not cause a significant increase in the outer dimensions of the cup for a given volume of expandable and contractile material and for a given thickness of the walls of the cup.
  • the use of split slats makes it possible to have an internal radiator whose cross section advantageously has a cross shape with orthogonal branches.
  • the invention also relates to a thermostatic cartridge, and a thermostatic valve, provided with a thermostatic element as defined above.
  • the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a thermostatic element, as defined in claim 11.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a known thermostatic element which has been described above;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the element of FIG. 1 along plane II-II of this figure, the plane I-I indicated in FIG. 2 corresponding to the sectional plane of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1, of a first embodiment of a thermostatic element according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section of the thermostatic element of FIG. 3 along plane IV-IV of this figure, the plane III-III indicated in FIG. 4 corresponding to the sectional plane of FIG. 3;
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the element of Figure 3, along the plane V-V of Figure 4;
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an internal member of the element of FIG. 3;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the member of Figure 6, shown in the assembled state;
  • FIG. 8 is a view similar to Figure 3, illustrating an operating state of the element.
  • the thermostatic element known from Figures 1 and 2 having been described above, it will not be detailed here again.
  • the members of the thermostatic elements according to the invention which correspond to bodies of the known element bear the same numerical references.
  • the thermostatic element represented in FIGS. 3 to 5 and 8 is intended to equip a valve cartridge or a thermostatic valve and comprises:
  • a metal cup 1 extending along a central axis XX, having a tubular running wall 11 filled with a mass of essentially expandable and retractile material 3, such as wax, and provided at one end with a closed transverse bottom wall 12 while the opposite end blooms to connect to a flange 13,
  • a sleeve 2 having a shape of revolution with a central channel 21 and a base 22 housed in the flange of the cup, the flange 13 being crimped around the base 22, and the cup and the sleeve extending coaxially according to the XX axis in opposite directions, - a diaphragm 4 elastically deformable and a piston 5 subject to the movement of the central region of this diaphragm via a buffer 7, with the interposition of a washer 8, these components n ' not being detailed here again since they have been presented previously with reference to Figures 1 and 2, and
  • each plate 91 has a generally parallelepipedal shape of small thickness and having a plane of symmetry P extending along the plane both median to the plate and parallel to the sides Lateral sides 91A of the wafer, it being agreed that the side sides are the longest opposing sides of the wafer seen from the front, while the other two opposite sides 91B are hereafter designated as the front sides of the wafer.
  • Each plate 91 has a length slightly less than that of the tubular portion 11 of the cup 1, while its width, that is to say the dimension separating the two lateral sides 9IA, is substantially equal to the inside diameter of this part. tubular.
  • Each plate 91 is provided with a longitudinal through slot 92 which extends along the plane of symmetry P, from one of the front sides 91B to mid-length of the plate 91. On either side of the plane P, the edges of the slot 92 are separated by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the wafer 91.
  • the slot 92 opens into a through hole 93 central to the wafer.
  • This hole is generally cylindrical in shape with a circular base and axis noted Z-Z.
  • the slot 92 opens on the edge of the front side 91B forming a flared notch 94 substantially symmetrical with respect to the plane P and converging towards the current portion of the slot.
  • each plate 91 has another frontal notch 95 substantially symmetrical to the notch 94 with respect to a plane both perpendicular to the plane P and containing the axis. ZZ.
  • Each wafer is manufactured economically, in particular by cutting a thin metal sheet.
  • the two plates 91 are adapted to be assembled to one another to form the insert 9, in positioning the unslotted half of each wafer in the slot 92 of the other wafer.
  • the two wafers In the assembled configuration of the wafers 91, shown in FIG. 7, the two wafers extend substantially perpendicular to each other, forming, in cross section as in FIG. 4, a four-cross pattern. orthogonal branches to each other.
  • the holes 93 formed at the closed end of the slots of the two plates are then in communication with each other, their respective axes ZZ extending perpendicularly to one another. Because of the sizing of these holes, each of the four dials of the cross pattern formed by the plates 91 is in free communication with the other three dials.
  • the assembly of the two plates 91 to one another is achieved by first positioning the two plates as in Figure 6, that is to say with their respective plane P substantially perpendicular to each other. other and their front side 91B provided with the notch 94 opposite one another. Then, bringing the two plates 91 closer to each other in a direction parallel to their longitudinal direction, as indicated by the arrows 96 in FIG. 6, the slots 92 of the two plates penetrate one into the other. other, the flared shape of the notches 94 guiding the relative positioning of the two wafers during the initiation of the engagement of the wafers with each other. This movement of relative approximation is continued until the respective axes ZZ of the holes 93 intersect each other, perpendicularly.
  • each frontal zone of intersection of the indentations 94 and 95 frees the four dials of the cross pattern formed by the plates 91.
  • the insert 9 consisting of the two plates 91, is intended to be assembled to the cup 1 of FIGS. 3 to 5, being introduced into the interior volume V 1 of the cup so that its longitudinal direction extends parallel to the axis XX of the cup 1, and then being welded to the inner face IA of this cup. More specifically, the insert 9 is attached to the interior of the cup 1 so that the unslotted portions 98 of the plates, positioned respectively between the edges of the slot 92 of the other plate extend in the extension the one of the other, substantially aligned with the axis XX of the cup 1.
  • the assembly of the insert 9 in the cup 1 results in: - the two bottom 91B front sides of the plates 91 are in contact with the upper face 12A of the bottom wall 12 of the cup, and the four lateral sides 91A of the plates 91 are in contact with the inner face HA of the tubular part 11 of the cup.
  • the plates 91 are in contact with the inner face IA of the cup 1 at four distinct zones referenced in FIG. 4.
  • the upper end end portion 9A of the insert 9 consisting of the two upper front sides 91B of the plates 91, is axially distant from the diaphragm 4, delimiting a volume zone 16 of the upper part of the interior volume. Vi of the cup, axially located approximately at the level of the lower base of the flange 13.
  • the wax 3 contained in the cup 1 is thus stored in, on the one hand, the volume zone 16 and, on the other hand, four longitudinal cavities 14 defined by the insert 9 and the cup 1, at the four dials of the cross pattern formed by the plates 91 of this insert. More precisely, the insert 9 divides the lower part of the internal volume V 1 of the cup 1 into these four cavities 14 distributed uniformly about the axis XX and having, in cross-section as in FIG. corner circle at the apex of about 90 °.
  • Each cavity 14 extends in length over substantially the entire length of the tubular portion 11 of the cup 1, being closed at its lower end by the bottom wall 12 while it opens, at its upper end, into the zone
  • the openings 14A of the cavities are thus delimited by the upper end end portion 9A of the insert, the remainder of the insert, located below these outlets, being denoted by 9B in the figures.
  • more than 80%, or even 90%, of the wax 3 is thus stored in the four cavities 14.
  • the metal insert 9 is fixedly connected " to the inner face IA of the cup 1, being welded to this face along the contact zones 15.
  • the lower part 9B of the insert insulates the parts 14B cavities 14 to each other, except at two openings 97 ⁇ and 972, delimited respectively exclusively by the plates 91, in the crossing zone of their hole 93, and by the pads 91, at the level of the zone crossing their lower notch 94 and 95, and the upper face 12A of the bottom wall 12 of the cup 1.
  • the cavities 14 are in free fluid communication with each other via these openings 97i and 97 2 , by which the wax 3 can pass freely.
  • the thermostatic element of FIGS. 3 to 5 passes from a first so-called “cold” state, in which its wax 3 has a homogeneous temperature equal to the temperature of an external medium, such as mixed water at the outlet of a mixing valve cartridge, in a heated state resulting from a sudden increase in the temperature of this external medium, a heat flow is produced from the external medium to the cup 1, then from the cup 1 to the heat-removable wax 3, until, after a certain period of time, the thermostatic element, in particular its wax 3, reaches a homogeneous temperature equal to the new heated temperature of the external medium.
  • an external medium such as mixed water at the outlet of a mixing valve cartridge
  • the heat circulates very rapidly throughout the metal of the cup 1, in particular up to its inner wall IA delimiting in part the internal cavities 14, as well as in all the metal of the insert 9, the welds of this insert on the face internal IA of the cup constituting thermal continuity between the cup 1 and the insert 9.
  • This insert thus acts as a heat conduction radiator between the cup and the wax contained in the cavities 14.
  • the radiator 9 by the split plates 91 assembled to one another makes it possible to have metal walls delimiting the cavities 14 which are particularly thin, which optimizes the response time of the thermostatic element, since, due to its low mass, the radiator 9 requires only a small amount of energy and therefore time to be heated.
  • the operation described above is reversible when the temperature of the external environment decreases.
  • the thermostatic element contracts by passing from a temperature in which the wax 3 is dilated in a viscous state, see liquid, as shown in Figure 8, at a lower temperature for which the wax 3 is contracted in a more viscous or solid state, as in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the pressure force F is transmitted to the wax 3 via the buffer 7 and the diaphragm 4 when the piston 5 is retracted into the sleeve 2.
  • the wax 3 often has difficulties, during the cooling phase of the thermostatic element, to enter the cavities 14 at their outlet 14A .
  • These outlets have indeed small cross sections through which the wax must withdraw to the bottom wall 12 of the cup, leaving enough room for the retraction of the piston.
  • These difficulties of flow of the wax at the level of the outlets of the cavities 14 are all the more marked when these cavities have a significant depth, as is the case for the so-called "long" cup 1, the axial dimension of which is substantially greater than its diameter to increase the heat exchange surface between the wax and the inner face of the cup.
  • the outlet 14A of one of the cavities 14 may thus be closed, as indicated by the arrows 3A for the cavity shown in the left-hand part of FIG. 8.
  • wax 3 coming from the other three cavities 14 then passes through the openings 97i and 97 2 , as indicated by the arrows 3B, to fill the cavity whose outlet is closed.
  • the wax which passes through these openings is displaced by the pressure force F of the piston 5, transmitted by the wax contained in the volume zone 16, which thus withdraws into the three cavities 14 not closed off, the cavity of which is represented in the right part of Figure 8, as indicated by the arrow 3C.
  • thermostatic elements Various arrangements and variants to thermostatic elements. described above are of course conceivable: it is possible to provide particular embodiments having different dimensions, appropriate to the specific application of the thermostatic element;
  • the lateral outer face may have plates, depressions and / or bulges or the length of which may be smaller than the diameter;
  • this radiator may be integral with the inner face of the cup;

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)

Abstract

This thermostatic element comprises: a metal cup (1) that contains a material (3), which can expand and contract according to the direction of variation in its temperature; an internal radiator (9) that conducts heat between the cup (1) and the material (3) stored in the cavities delimited by the radiator, and; a piston (5) ), which can move relative to the cup while following an axial direction (X-X) thereof and which is coupled to the material (3) for displacing in opposite directions according to whether this material expands or contracts. In order to simplify the manufacture of this element and to improve its performances, the radiator (9) comprises two metal plates (91), which are, in part, slotted and assembled with one another while positioning a non-slotted part (98) of each plate in the slot (92) of the other plate.

Description

ELEMENT THERMOSTATIQϋE A REPONSE RAPIDE, CARTOUCHE ET THERMOSTATIC ELEMENT WITH RAPID RESPONSE, CARTRIDGE AND
ROBINET EQUIPE D'UN TEL ELEMENT, ET PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN TEL ELEMENTTAP EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENT, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH ELEMENT
La présente invention concerne un élément thermostatique du type comportant une coupelle externe métallique de forme allongée, contenant une matière notablement dilatable et contractile en fonction du sens de variation de sa température, et un piston mobile par rapport à la coupelle dans la direction longitudinale de celle-ci et couplé à la matière dilatable et contractile pour se déplacer en sens opposés selon que la matière se dilate ou se contracte. L'invention concerne également une cartouche et un robinet thermostatique équipé d'un tel élément. L'invention a trait en outre à un procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément.The present invention relates to a thermostatic element of the type comprising an elongated metal outer cup, containing a substantially expandable and contractile material according to the direction of variation of its temperature, and a piston movable relative to the cup in the longitudinal direction of that and coupled to the expandable and contractile material to move in opposite directions as the material expands or contracts. The invention also relates to a cartridge and a thermostatic valve equipped with such an element. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such an element.
De tels éléments thermostatiques sont utilisés notamment dans le domaine du réglage de la température d'un fluide issu du mélange de deux courants de fluide à des températures différentes, le mouvement relatif du piston et de la coupelle étant mis en oeuvre pour modifier la proportion du mélange des deux courants de fluide. C'est notamment le cas dans les cartouches de robinet mitigeur et dans les robinets mitigeurs.Such thermostatic elements are used in particular in the field of controlling the temperature of a fluid resulting from the mixing of two fluid streams at different temperatures, the relative movement of the piston and the cup being implemented to modify the proportion of the mixing of the two fluid streams. This is particularly the case in mixer taps and mixer taps.
Pour un grand nombre d' applications dans ce domaine, il est nécessaire que la réponse de l'élément thermostatique soit très rapide, c'est-à-dire que la modification de la température du milieu dans lequel se trouve la coupelle entraine à très bref délai un mouvement correspondant du piston. Cela est particulièrement le cas pour les éléments thermostatiques plongés dans un courant d'eau d'alimentation d'une installation sanitaire, application pour laquelle, une température idéale étant sélectionnée, une baisse de température de trois ou quatre degrés seulement est très désagréable, et une augmentation de quelques degrés peut être la cause de brûlures.For a large number of applications in this field, it is necessary that the response of the thermostatic element is very fast, that is to say that the change in the temperature of the medium in which the cup is located leads to very high temperatures. short delay a corresponding movement of the piston. This is particularly the case for thermostatic elements immersed in a feed water stream of a sanitary installation, an application for which, an ideal temperature being selected, a temperature drop of only three or four degrees is very unpleasant, and an increase of a few degrees can be the cause of burns.
Les éléments thermostatiques utilisés classiquement dans ce type d'application comportent, par exemple conformément aux figures 1 et 2, une coupelle métallique 1 ayant une partie courante tubulaire 11 présentant une forme générale cylindrique à base circulaire et d' axe longitudinal X-X. Une extrémité de fond 12 ferme cette partie 11 tandis que l'extrémité opposée s'épanouit pour se raccorder à une collerette 13. un fourreau 2, ayant une forme de révolution avec un canal central 21, comprend une embase 22 logée dans la collerette de la coupelle de telle sorte qu'hormis l'embase 22, le fourreau 2 s'étend hors de la coupelle en direction opposée à la partie cylindrique 11 de celle-ci, et coaxialement . La collerette 13 est sertie autour de l'embase 22.The thermostatic elements conventionally used in this type of application comprise, for example according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a metal cup 1 having a tubular running portion 11 having a generally cylindrical shape with a circular base and a longitudinal axis X-X. A bottom end 12 closes this portion 11 while the opposite end blooms to connect to a collar 13. A sheath 2, having a shape of revolution with a central channel 21, comprises a base 22 housed in the collar of the cup so that apart from the base 22, the sleeve 2 extends out of the cup in the opposite direction to the cylindrical portion 11 thereof, and coaxially. The flange 13 is crimped around the base 22.
La partie tubulaire 11 de la coupelle est emplie d'une masse de matière qui est très dilatable et contractile en fonction des variations de température, notamment autour d'une température fonctionnelle, ici une masse de cire 3. L'embase 22 du fourreau comporte dans sa face qui est en vis-à-vis de cette masse de cire, un logement annulaire 23 dans lequel est ancrée la périphérie d'un diaphragme 4 en forme de disque et déformable élastiquement, obturant le canal central 21 du fourreau du côté de la coupelle 1. A l'intérieur du canal 21 du fourreau, est logé un piston 5 assujetti aux mouvements de la région centrale du diaphragme par l'intermédiaire d'un tampon 7 en élastomère déformable en contact contre la surface du diaphragme opposée à la cire et d'une rondelle 8 en polymère tel que du PTFE insérée entre le tampon et le piston et ajustée dans le canal 21 pour empêcher le fluage de l' élastomère du tampon autour du piston. L'extrémité du piston 5 opposée au diaphragme 4 est plus ou moins en saillie hors du fourreau en fonction du volume occupé par la cire, donc de la température de celle-ci.The tubular portion 11 of the cup is filled with a mass of material which is very expandable and contractile as a function of temperature variations, especially around a functional temperature, here a mass of wax 3. The base 22 of the sleeve comprises in its face which is opposite this mass of wax, an annular housing 23 in which is anchored the periphery of a diaphragm 4 disc-shaped and elastically deformable, closing the central channel 21 of the sleeve on the side of the cup 1. Inside the channel 21 of the sleeve, is housed a piston 5 subject to the movements of the central region of the diaphragm via a pad 7 of deformable elastomer in contact against the surface of the diaphragm opposite to the and a polymer washer 8 such as PTFE inserted between the pad and the piston and fitted into the channel 21 to prevent creep of the pad elastomer around the piston. The end of piston 5 opposite the diaphragm 4 is more or less protruding out of the sheath depending on the volume occupied by the wax, so the temperature thereof.
La conception générale de ces éléments thermostatiques est bien adaptée à l'utilisation d'une cire dont le coefficient de dilatation est très important par rapport à celui des fluides communs (environ 10 à 20 fois supérieur) et ainsi susceptible de provoquer un mouvement très ample du piston. Malheureusement, ces cires ont une très faible conductibilité thermique (environ 1000 fois inférieure à celle du cuivre) , et ainsi la température de la masse entière de la cire ne reflète qu'imparfaitement et avec un grand retard celle du fluide qui baigne la coupelle. Pour cette raison, la cire est généralement « chargée » d'une poudre en matière présentant une bonne conductibilité thermique, par exemple une poudre de cuivre de granulométrie appropriée. Par simplification, dans la suite, on désignera par « cire » aussi bien les matières chargées que les mélanges non chargés et les cires à composant unique. Cependant, tous ces artifices sont insuffisants pour obtenir un élément thermostatique à réponse rapide utilisable sans précaution particulière dans une installation sanitaire.The general design of these thermostatic elements is well adapted to the use of a wax whose coefficient of expansion is very important compared to that of the common fluids (approximately 10 to 20 times higher) and thus likely to cause a very wide movement of the piston. Unfortunately, these waxes have a very low thermal conductivity (about 1000 times less than that of copper), and thus the temperature of the entire mass of the wax reflects imperfectly and with great delay that of the fluid that bathes the cup. For this reason, the wax is generally "filled" with a powder of material having a good thermal conductivity, for example a copper powder of appropriate size. For simplicity, hereinafter, the term "wax" will be used to denote both filled and uncharged mixtures and single-component waxes. However, all these devices are insufficient to obtain a rapid response thermostatic element used without special care in a sanitary installation.
Pour remédier en particulier à cet inconvénient, on a proposé, notamment dans EP-A-O 153 555, de rapporter, à l'intérieur de la coupelle de l'élément thermostatique, un insert métallique en contact avec la face intérieure de la coupelle, comme représenté aux figures 1 et 2 sur laquelle cet insert est référencé 6. Cet insert présente, en coupe transversale comme à la figure 2, une section pleine en forme de croix dont les quatre branches s'étendent de la zone centrale de l'élément thermostatique jusqu'à la paroi tubulaire 11 de la coupelle 1. Suivant l'axe X-X, l' insert 6 s'étend sur presque toute la longueur de la coupelle 1, son extrémité opposée au piston 5 étant en contact avec la paroi de fond 12 de la coupelle. I/ insert 6 divise ainsi l'essentiel du volume 'intérieur de la coupelle 1 en quatre cavités borgnes distinctes 14 réparties autour de l'axe X-X et débouchant toutes sur le diaphragme 4. La majeure partie de la cire 3 est stockée dans ces cavités, le reste de la cire étant axialement interposée entre le diaphragme et les débouchés des cavités. De la sorte, la chaleur des parois tubulaire 11 et de fond 12 de la coupelle 1 est transmise plus rapidement à l' insert métallique interne 6 qu'à la cire 3, cette dernière étant alors chauffée par l' insert en complément de son chauffage par les parois de la coupelle.In particular, to overcome this drawback, it has been proposed, especially in EP-A-0 153 555, to bring back, inside the cup of the thermostatic element, a metal insert in contact with the inner face of the cup, such as 1 and 2 on which this insert is referenced 6. This insert has, in cross section as in Figure 2, a solid cross-shaped section whose four branches extend from the central zone of the thermostatic element. up to the tubular wall 11 of the cup 1. Along the axis XX, the insert 6 extends over almost the entire length of the cup 1, its end opposite the piston 5 being in contact with the bottom wall 12 of the cup. I / insert 6 thus divides most of the volume within the cup 1 into four separate blind holes 14 distributed around the axis XX and opens all of the diaphragm 4. The majority of the wax 3 is stored in these cavities the remainder of the wax being axially interposed between the diaphragm and the outlets of the cavities. In this way, the heat of the tubular walls 11 and the bottom 12 of the cup 1 is transmitted more rapidly to the internal metal insert 6 than to the wax 3, the latter being then heated by the insert in addition to its heating. by the walls of the cup.
Le temps de réponse de cet élément thermostatique est ainsi nettement amélioré. Cependant, la réalisation de l' insert 6 en une seule pièce comme dans EP-A-O 153 555, par exemple par extrusion, moulage, usinage ou analogue, est onéreuse et implique de disposer d'un insert dont les parois sont relativement épaisses, ce qui oblige à, d'une part, augmenter les dimensions extérieures de la coupelle 1, pour un volume de cire et une épaisseur de paroi de coupelle donnés, et, d'autre part, tenir compte d'une inertie thermique significative en ce qui concerne cet insert puisque, en raison de sa masse importante, il faut une certaine quantité d'énergie et donc de temps pour qu'il s'échauffe puis se refroidisse.The response time of this thermostatic element is thus significantly improved. However, the embodiment of the insert 6 in one piece as in EP-AO 153 555, for example by extrusion, molding, machining or the like, is expensive and involves having an insert whose walls are relatively thick; which requires, on the one hand, to increase the external dimensions of the cup 1, for a given volume of wax and cup wall thickness, and, on the other hand, to take account of a significant thermal inertia with respect to this insert because, because of its large mass, it takes a certain amount of energy and therefore time for it to heat up and then cool.
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un élément thermostatique à réponse rapide, dont l' insert interne soit plus économique à fabriquer et optimisé en ce qui concerne le temps de réponse de l'élément thermostatique.The object of the present invention is to provide a fast response thermostatic element, whose internal insert is more economical to manufacture and optimized with respect to the response time of the thermostatic element.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un élément thermostatique tel que défini à la revendication 1.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a thermostatic element as defined in claim 1.
Le recours aux deux plaquettes partiellement fendues pour obtenir le radiateur de l'élément thermostatique selon l'invention se révèle particulièrement économique car ces plaquettes peuvent être fabriquées à partir d'une tôle métallique de faible épaisseur, que l'on découpe aisément aux dimensions adéquates. En outre, l'épaisseur des parois du radiateur, c'est-à-dire l'épaisseur de ces plaquettes, peut être choisie suffisamment fine pour optimiser le temps de réponse de l'élément thermostatique suivant l'invention puisque, en réduisant cette épaisseur, on réduit la masse du radiateur, ce qui limite l'énergie et donc le temps nécessaire pour échauffer ce radiateur, ainsi que le temps nécessaire à son refroidissement lors de la contraction de l'élément thermostatique. Ainsi, par rapport à l'élément thermostatique connu des figures 1 et 2, l'élément thermostatique selon l'invention est plus économique à fabriquer et son temps de réponse est amoindri. De plus, par rapport à un élément thermostatique dépourvu de- radiateur interne, la présence du radiateur de l'élément thermostatique selon l'invention, dont les parois présentent une faible épaisseur, n'entraîne pas une augmentation significative des dimensions extérieures de la coupelle pour un volume donné de matière dilatable et contractile et pour une épaisseur donnée des parois de la coupelle. Par ailleurs., l'utilisation des plaquettes fendues permet de disposer d'un radiateur interne dont la section transversale présente avantageusement une forme en croix à branches orthogonales.The use of two partially split plates to obtain the radiator of the thermostatic element according to the invention is particularly economical because these plates can be made from a metal sheet of small thickness, which is easily cut to the appropriate dimensions. In addition, the thickness of the walls of the radiator, that is to say the thickness of these plates, can be chosen sufficiently fine to optimize the response time of the thermostatic element according to the invention since, by reducing this thickness, it reduces the mass of the radiator, which limits the energy and therefore the time required to heat the radiator, as well as the time required for its cooling during the contraction of the thermostatic element. Thus, compared to the known thermostatic element of Figures 1 and 2, the thermostatic element according to the invention is more economical to manufacture and its response time is reduced. In addition, with respect to a thermostatic element devoid of internal radiator, the presence of the radiator of the thermostatic element according to the invention, whose walls have a small thickness, does not cause a significant increase in the outer dimensions of the cup for a given volume of expandable and contractile material and for a given thickness of the walls of the cup. Moreover, the use of split slats makes it possible to have an internal radiator whose cross section advantageously has a cross shape with orthogonal branches.
D' autres caractéristiques de cet élément thermostatique, prises isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles, sont énoncées aux revendications dépendantes 2 à 9.Other features of this thermostatic element, taken individually or in any technically possible combination, are set forth in dependent claims 2 to 9.
L'invention a également pour objet une cartouche thermostatique, ainsi qu'un robinet thermostatique, munis d'un élément thermostatique tel que défini ci-dessus. L'invention a en outre pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un élément thermostatique, tel que défini à la revendication 11.The invention also relates to a thermostatic cartridge, and a thermostatic valve, provided with a thermostatic element as defined above. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a thermostatic element, as defined in claim 11.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins, sur lesquels :The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale d'un élément thermostatique connu qui a été décrit plus haut ; - la figure 2 est une coupe transversale de l'élément de la figure 1 selon le plan II-II de cette figure, le plan I-I indiqué à la figure 2 correspondant au plan de coupe de la figure 1 ;- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a known thermostatic element which has been described above; FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the element of FIG. 1 along plane II-II of this figure, the plane I-I indicated in FIG. 2 corresponding to the sectional plane of FIG. 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 1, d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un élément thermostatique selon l'invention ;FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1, of a first embodiment of a thermostatic element according to the invention;
- la figure 4 est une coupe transversale de l'élément thermostatique de la figure 3 selon le plan IV-IV de cette figure, le plan III-III indiqué à la figure 4 correspondant au plan de coupe de la figure 3 ; la figure 5 est une coupe longitudinale de l'élément de la figure 3, selon le plan V-V de la figure 4 ;FIG. 4 is a cross-section of the thermostatic element of FIG. 3 along plane IV-IV of this figure, the plane III-III indicated in FIG. 4 corresponding to the sectional plane of FIG. 3; Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the element of Figure 3, along the plane V-V of Figure 4;
- la figure 6 est un éclaté en perspective d'un organe interne à l'élément de la figure 3 ; la figure 7 est une vue en perspective de l'organe de la figure 6, représenté à l'état assemblé ; etFIG. 6 is an exploded view of an internal member of the element of FIG. 3; Figure 7 is a perspective view of the member of Figure 6, shown in the assembled state; and
- la figure 8 est une vue analogue à la figure 3, illustrant un état de fonctionnement de l'élément. L'élément thermostatique connu des figures 1 et 2 ayant été décrit plus haut, il ne sera pas détaillé ici de nouveau. Par commodité, les organes des éléments thermostatiques selon l'invention qui correspondent à des organes de l'élément connu portent les mêmes repères numériques .- Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 3, illustrating an operating state of the element. The thermostatic element known from Figures 1 and 2 having been described above, it will not be detailed here again. For convenience, the members of the thermostatic elements according to the invention which correspond to bodies of the known element bear the same numerical references.
Comme l'élément thermostatique connu, l'élément thermostatique représenté aux figures 3 à 5 et 8 est destiné à équiper une cartouche de robinet ou un robinet thermostatique et comporte :Like the known thermostatic element, the thermostatic element represented in FIGS. 3 to 5 and 8 is intended to equip a valve cartridge or a thermostatic valve and comprises:
- une coupelle métallique 1 s' étendant le long d'un axe central X-X, ayant une paroi courante tubulaire 11 emplie d'une masse de matière essentiellement dilatable et rétractile 3, telle que de la cire, et munie, à une extrémité, d'une paroi transversale de fond 12 fermée tandis que l'extrémité opposée s'épanouit pour se raccorder à une collerette 13,a metal cup 1 extending along a central axis XX, having a tubular running wall 11 filled with a mass of essentially expandable and retractile material 3, such as wax, and provided at one end with a closed transverse bottom wall 12 while the opposite end blooms to connect to a flange 13,
- un fourreau 2 ayant une forme de révolution avec un canal central 21 et une embase 22 logée dans la collerette de la coupelle, la collerette 13 étant sertie autour de l'embase 22, et la coupelle et le fourreau s' étendant coaxialement suivant l'axe X-X dans des directions opposées, - un diaphragme 4 élastiquement déformable et un piston 5 assujetti au mouvement de la région centrale de ce diaphragme par l'intermédiaire d'un tampon 7, avec interposition d'une rondelle 8, ces composants n'étant pas ici détaillés de nouveau puisqu'ils ont été présentés précédemment en regard des figures 1 et 2, et- A sleeve 2 having a shape of revolution with a central channel 21 and a base 22 housed in the flange of the cup, the flange 13 being crimped around the base 22, and the cup and the sleeve extending coaxially according to the XX axis in opposite directions, - a diaphragm 4 elastically deformable and a piston 5 subject to the movement of the central region of this diaphragm via a buffer 7, with the interposition of a washer 8, these components n ' not being detailed here again since they have been presented previously with reference to Figures 1 and 2, and
- un insert métallique 9 détaillé ci-dessous. En s' intéressant maintenant aux différences par rapport à l'élément des figures 1 et 2, lr insert 9 est constitué de deux plaquettes métalliques planes 91 identiques l'une à l'autre. Comme représenté plus en détail aux figures 6 et 7, chaque plaquette 91 a une forme globalement parallélépipédique de faible épaisseur et présentant un plan de symétrie P s 'étendant suivant le plan à la fois médian à la plaquette et parallèle aux côtés latéraux 91A de la plaquette, étant convenu que les côtés latéraux sont les côtés opposés les plus longs de la plaquette vue de face, tandis que lés deux autres côtés opposés 91B sont désignés par la suite comme étant les côtés frontaux de la plaquette.a metal insert 9 detailed below. In s interesting now to the differences with respect to the element of Figures 1 and 2, the insert r 9 consists of two flat metal plates 91 identical to the other. As shown in more detail in FIGS. 6 and 7, each plate 91 has a generally parallelepipedal shape of small thickness and having a plane of symmetry P extending along the plane both median to the plate and parallel to the sides Lateral sides 91A of the wafer, it being agreed that the side sides are the longest opposing sides of the wafer seen from the front, while the other two opposite sides 91B are hereafter designated as the front sides of the wafer.
Chaque plaquette 91 présente une longueur légèrement inférieure à celle de la partie tubulaire 11 de la coupelle 1, tandis que sa largeur, c'est-à-dire la dimension séparant les deux côtés latéraux 9IA, est sensiblement égale au diamètre intérieur de cette partie tubulaire.Each plate 91 has a length slightly less than that of the tubular portion 11 of the cup 1, while its width, that is to say the dimension separating the two lateral sides 9IA, is substantially equal to the inside diameter of this part. tubular.
Chaque plaquette 91 est munie d'une fente longitudinale traversante 92 qui s'étend suivant le plan de symétrie P, depuis un des côtés frontaux 91B jusqu'à mi- longueur de la plaquette 91. De part et d'autre du plan P, les bords de la fente 92 sont écartés d'une distance sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de la plaquette 91.Each plate 91 is provided with a longitudinal through slot 92 which extends along the plane of symmetry P, from one of the front sides 91B to mid-length of the plate 91. On either side of the plane P, the edges of the slot 92 are separated by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the wafer 91.
Au niveau de son extrémité longitudinale située à la mi-longueur de la plaquette 91, la fente 92 débouche dans un trou traversant 93 central à la plaquette. Ce trou est de forme globalement cylindrique à base circulaire et d'axe noté Z-Z. A son extrémité opposée, la fente 92 débouche sur le chant du côté frontal 91B en formant une échancrure évasée 94 sensiblement symétrique par rapport au plan P et convergente vers la partie courante de la fente. Au niveau de son côté frontal 91B opposé à celui muni de l' échancrure 94, chaque plaquette 91 présente une autre échancrure frontale 95 sensiblement symétrique à l' échancrure 94 par rapport à un plan à la fois perpendiculaire au plan P et contenant l'axe Z-Z. Chaque plaquette est fabriquée de manière économique, notamment par découpe d'une tôle métallique de faible épaisseur.At its longitudinal end located at the mid-length of the wafer 91, the slot 92 opens into a through hole 93 central to the wafer. This hole is generally cylindrical in shape with a circular base and axis noted Z-Z. At its opposite end, the slot 92 opens on the edge of the front side 91B forming a flared notch 94 substantially symmetrical with respect to the plane P and converging towards the current portion of the slot. At its front side 91B opposite to that provided with the notch 94, each plate 91 has another frontal notch 95 substantially symmetrical to the notch 94 with respect to a plane both perpendicular to the plane P and containing the axis. ZZ. Each wafer is manufactured economically, in particular by cutting a thin metal sheet.
Les deux plaquettes 91 sont adaptées pour être assemblées l'une à l'autre pour former l' insert 9, en positionnant la moitié non fendue de chaque plaquette dans la fente 92 de l'autre plaquette. Dans la configuration assemblée des plaquettes 91, représentée à la figure 7, les deux plaquettes s'étendent de façon sensiblement perpendiculaire l'une à l'autre, en formant, en coupe transversale comme à la figure 4 , un motif en croix à quatre branches orthogonales les unes aux autres . Les trous 93 ménagés à l'extrémité fermée des fentes des deux plaquettes sont alors en communication l'un avec l'autre, leur axe respectifs Z-Z s' étendant perpendiculairement l'un à l'autre. En raison du dimensionnement de ces trous, chacun des quatre cadrans du motif en croix formé par les plaquettes 91 est en libre communication avec les trois autres cadrans. L'assemblage des deux plaquettes 91 l'une à l'autre est réalisé en positionnant d'abord les deux plaquettes comme à la figure 6, c'est-à-dire avec leur plan respectifs P sensiblement perpendiculaires l'un à l'autre et leur côté frontal 91B muni de l'échancrure 94 en regard l'un de l'autre. Puis, en rapprochant les deux plaquettes 91 l'une par rapport à l'autre suivant une direction parallèle à leur direction longitudinale, comme indiqué par les flèches 96 à la figure 6, les fentes 92 des deux plaquettes pénètrent l'une dans l'autre, la forme évasée des échancrures 94 guidant le positionnement relatif des deux plaquettes lors de l'amorçage de la mise en prise des plaquettes l'une avec l'autre. Ce mouvement de rapprochement relatif est poursuivi jusqu'à ce que les axes respectifs Z-Z des trous 93 se coupent l'un l'autre, de manière perpendiculaire. L'échancrure frontale 94 ménagée à l'extrémité ouverte de la fente 92 de chacune des plaquettes est alors située au même niveau que l'échancrure 95 de l'autre plaquette, les chants d'extrémité des côtés frontaux correspondants 91B de chaque plaquette étant alors en affleurement l'un avec l'autre. De manière analogue à la zone de croisement des trous 93, chaque zone frontale de croisement des échancrures 94 et 95 met en libre communication les quatre cadrans du motif en croix formé par les plaquettes 91.The two plates 91 are adapted to be assembled to one another to form the insert 9, in positioning the unslotted half of each wafer in the slot 92 of the other wafer. In the assembled configuration of the wafers 91, shown in FIG. 7, the two wafers extend substantially perpendicular to each other, forming, in cross section as in FIG. 4, a four-cross pattern. orthogonal branches to each other. The holes 93 formed at the closed end of the slots of the two plates are then in communication with each other, their respective axes ZZ extending perpendicularly to one another. Because of the sizing of these holes, each of the four dials of the cross pattern formed by the plates 91 is in free communication with the other three dials. The assembly of the two plates 91 to one another is achieved by first positioning the two plates as in Figure 6, that is to say with their respective plane P substantially perpendicular to each other. other and their front side 91B provided with the notch 94 opposite one another. Then, bringing the two plates 91 closer to each other in a direction parallel to their longitudinal direction, as indicated by the arrows 96 in FIG. 6, the slots 92 of the two plates penetrate one into the other. other, the flared shape of the notches 94 guiding the relative positioning of the two wafers during the initiation of the engagement of the wafers with each other. This movement of relative approximation is continued until the respective axes ZZ of the holes 93 intersect each other, perpendicularly. The end notch 94 formed at the open end of the slot 92 of each of the plates is then located at the same level as the notch 95 of the other plate, the end edges of the corresponding front sides 91B of each plate being so in flush with each other. In a similar manner to the crossing zone of the holes 93, each frontal zone of intersection of the indentations 94 and 95 frees the four dials of the cross pattern formed by the plates 91.
Dans sa configuration assemblée de la figure 7, l' insert 9, constitué des deux plaquettes 91, est prévu pour être assemblé à la coupelle 1 des figures 3 à 5, en étant introduit dans le volume intérieur V1 de la coupelle de sorte que sa direction longitudinale s'étende parallèlement à l'axe X-X de la coupelle 1, puis en étant soudé à la face intérieure IA de cette coupelle. Plus précisément, l' insert 9 est rapporté à l'intérieur de la coupelle 1 de sorte que les parties non fendues 98 des plaquettes, positionnées respectivement entre les bords de la fente 92 de l'autre plaquette s'étendent dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre, de façon sensiblement alignée avec l'axe X-X de la coupelle 1. Par commodité, la suite de la description sera orientée de façon que les termes « supérieur » et « haut » désignent une direction dirigée vers la partie haute des figures 3, 5 et 8 , tandis que les termes « inférieur » et « bas » correspondent à une direction opposée, l'axe X-X s' étendant ainsi suivant une direction sensiblement verticale sur les figures précitées. De la sorte, l' insert 9 est rapporté à l'intérieur de la coupelle 1 suivant un mouvement vertical, orienté du haut vers le bas .In its assembled configuration of FIG. 7, the insert 9, consisting of the two plates 91, is intended to be assembled to the cup 1 of FIGS. 3 to 5, being introduced into the interior volume V 1 of the cup so that its longitudinal direction extends parallel to the axis XX of the cup 1, and then being welded to the inner face IA of this cup. More specifically, the insert 9 is attached to the interior of the cup 1 so that the unslotted portions 98 of the plates, positioned respectively between the edges of the slot 92 of the other plate extend in the extension the one of the other, substantially aligned with the axis XX of the cup 1. For convenience, the following description will be oriented so that the terms "upper" and "top" designate a direction directed to the upper part Figures 3, 5 and 8, while the terms "lower" and "bottom" correspond to an opposite direction, the axis XX thus extending in a substantially vertical direction in the above figures. In this way, the insert 9 is attached inside the cup 1 in a vertical movement, oriented from top to bottom.
L'assemblage de l' insert 9 dans la coupelle 1 conduit à ce que : - les deux côtés frontaux 91B inférieurs des plaques 91 sont en contact avec la face supérieure 12A de la paroi de fond 12 de la coupelle, et - les quatre côtés latéraux 91A des plaquettes 91 sont en contact avec la face intérieure HA de la partie tubulaire 11 de la coupelle.The assembly of the insert 9 in the cup 1 results in: - the two bottom 91B front sides of the plates 91 are in contact with the upper face 12A of the bottom wall 12 of the cup, and the four lateral sides 91A of the plates 91 are in contact with the inner face HA of the tubular part 11 of the cup.
De la sorte, les plaquettes 91 sont en contact avec la face intérieure IA de la coupelle 1 au niveau de quatre zones distinctes référencées 15 à la figure 4. Comme la longueur de l' insert 9 est légèrement inférieure à celle de la partie tubulaire 11 de la coupelle 1, la partie d'extrémité frontale supérieure 9A de l' insert 9, constituée des deux côtés frontaux 91B supérieurs des plaquettes 91, est axialement distante du diaphragme 4, en délimitant une zone volumique 16 de la partie haute du volume intérieur Vi de la coupelle, axialement située à peu près au niveau de la base inférieure de la collerette 13. La cire 3 contenue dans la coupelle 1 est ainsi stockée dans, d'une part, la zone volumique 16 et, d'autre part, quatre cavités longitudinales 14 délimitées par 1' insert 9 et la coupelle 1, au niveau des quatre cadrans du motif en croix formé par les plaquettes 91 de cet insert. Plus précisément, l' insert 9 divise la partie basse du volume intérieur V1 de la coupelle 1 en ces quatre cavités 14 réparties uniformément autour de l'axe X-X et présentant, en coupe transversale comme à la figure 4, un profil en portion de cercle d'angle au sommet valant 90° environ. Chaque cavité 14 s'étend en longueur sur sensiblement toute la longueur de la partie tubulaire 11 de la coupelle 1, en étant fermée à son extrémité inférieure par la paroi de fond 12 tandis qu'elle débouche, à son extrémité supérieure, dans la zone volumique 16. Les débouchés 14A des cavités sont ainsi délimités par la partie d'extrémité frontale supérieure 9A de l' insert, le reste de l' insert, situé au-dessous de ces débouchés, étant noté 9B sur les figures. Avantageusement, plus de 80%, voire 90%, de la cire 3 est ainsi stocké dans les quatre cavités 14.In this way, the plates 91 are in contact with the inner face IA of the cup 1 at four distinct zones referenced in FIG. 4. As the length of the insert 9 is slightly smaller than that of the tubular portion 11 of the cup 1, the upper end end portion 9A of the insert 9, consisting of the two upper front sides 91B of the plates 91, is axially distant from the diaphragm 4, delimiting a volume zone 16 of the upper part of the interior volume. Vi of the cup, axially located approximately at the level of the lower base of the flange 13. The wax 3 contained in the cup 1 is thus stored in, on the one hand, the volume zone 16 and, on the other hand, four longitudinal cavities 14 defined by the insert 9 and the cup 1, at the four dials of the cross pattern formed by the plates 91 of this insert. More precisely, the insert 9 divides the lower part of the internal volume V 1 of the cup 1 into these four cavities 14 distributed uniformly about the axis XX and having, in cross-section as in FIG. corner circle at the apex of about 90 °. Each cavity 14 extends in length over substantially the entire length of the tubular portion 11 of the cup 1, being closed at its lower end by the bottom wall 12 while it opens, at its upper end, into the zone The openings 14A of the cavities are thus delimited by the upper end end portion 9A of the insert, the remainder of the insert, located below these outlets, being denoted by 9B in the figures. Advantageously, more than 80%, or even 90%, of the wax 3 is thus stored in the four cavities 14.
L' insert métallique 9 est relié de façon fixe" à la face intérieure IA de la coupelle 1, en étant soudé à cette face le long des zones de contact 15. De la sorte, la partie basse 9B de l' insert isole les parties basses 14B des cavités 14 les unes des autres, excepté au niveau de deux ouvertures 97χ et 972, délimitées respectivement par exclusivement les plaquettes 91, dans la zone de croisement de leur trou 93, et par conjointement les plaquettes 91, au niveau de la zone de croisement de leur échancrure inférieure 94 et 95, et la face supérieure 12A de la paroi de fond 12 de la coupelle 1. Ainsi, en dehors de la zone volumique supérieure 16, les cavités 14 sont en libre communication fluidique les unes avec les autres via ces ouvertures 97i et 972, par lesquelles la cire 3 peut passer librement .The metal insert 9 is fixedly connected " to the inner face IA of the cup 1, being welded to this face along the contact zones 15. In this way, the lower part 9B of the insert insulates the parts 14B cavities 14 to each other, except at two openings 97χ and 972, delimited respectively exclusively by the plates 91, in the crossing zone of their hole 93, and by the pads 91, at the level of the zone crossing their lower notch 94 and 95, and the upper face 12A of the bottom wall 12 of the cup 1. Thus, outside the upper volume zone 16, the cavities 14 are in free fluid communication with each other via these openings 97i and 97 2 , by which the wax 3 can pass freely.
En fonctionnement, lorsque l'élément thermostatique des figures 3 à 5 passe d'un premier état dit « froid », dans lequel sa cire 3 présente une température homogène égale à la température d'un milieu extérieur, tel que de l'eau mélangée en sortie d'une cartouche de robinet mitigeur, à un état échauffé résultant d'une augmentation soudaine de la température de ce milieu extérieur, un flux thermique se produit du milieu extérieur vers la coupelle 1, puis de la coupelle 1 vers la cire thermodilatable 3, jusqu'à ce que, au bout d'une certaine durée, l'élément thermostatique, en particulier sa cire 3, atteigne une température homogène égale à la nouvelle température échauffée du milieu extérieur. Plus précisément, la chaleur circule très rapidement dans tout le métal de la coupelle 1, notamment jusqu'à sa paroi intérieure IA délimitant en partie les cavités internes 14, ainsi que dans tout le métal de l' insert 9, les soudures de cet insert à la face intérieure IA de la coupelle constituant des continuités thermiques entre la coupelle 1 et l' insert 9. Cet insert joue ainsi le rôle d'un radiateur de conduction de la chaleur entre la coupelle et la cire contenue dans les cavités 14.In operation, when the thermostatic element of FIGS. 3 to 5 passes from a first so-called "cold" state, in which its wax 3 has a homogeneous temperature equal to the temperature of an external medium, such as mixed water at the outlet of a mixing valve cartridge, in a heated state resulting from a sudden increase in the temperature of this external medium, a heat flow is produced from the external medium to the cup 1, then from the cup 1 to the heat-removable wax 3, until, after a certain period of time, the thermostatic element, in particular its wax 3, reaches a homogeneous temperature equal to the new heated temperature of the external medium. More precisely, the heat circulates very rapidly throughout the metal of the cup 1, in particular up to its inner wall IA delimiting in part the internal cavities 14, as well as in all the metal of the insert 9, the welds of this insert on the face internal IA of the cup constituting thermal continuity between the cup 1 and the insert 9. This insert thus acts as a heat conduction radiator between the cup and the wax contained in the cavities 14.
La température de la cire 3 ayant augmentée, la cire se dilate et, comme l'ensemble coupelle 1/fourreau 2 n'est pas déformable, la cire 3 déforme, en se dilatant, le diaphragme 4, qui, à son tour, déforme le tampon 7, ce dernier translatant la rondelle 8 et le piston 5 dans le canal 21 du fourreau. Ainsi, une augmentation de la température du milieu extérieur entraîne la translation du piston 5 hors du fourreau 2, suivant la direction X-X, au bout d'une durée donnée, appelée en pratique « temps de réponse ». Ce temps de réponse est d'autant plus court que le flux thermique vers la cire 3 est important, d'où l'intérêt de la forme en croix à branches orthogonales les unes aux autres du radiateur interne 9 et de la division qui en résulte du volume intérieur Vx de la coupelle en les quatre cavités 14. En effet, ce flux thermique augmente avec la valeur de la surface de contact entre la cire 3 et le métal échauffé de la coupelle 1 et du radiateur 9, tandis qu'il diminue avec la distance maximale, en coupe transversale, entre toute particule de la cire et ces parois métalliques.The temperature of the wax 3 having increased, the wax expands and, as the whole cup 1 / sleeve 2 is not deformable, the wax 3 deforms, by expanding, the diaphragm 4, which, in turn, deforms the buffer 7, the latter translating the washer 8 and the piston 5 in the channel 21 of the sleeve. Thus, an increase in the temperature of the external medium causes the translation of the piston 5 out of the sleeve 2, in the direction XX, after a given duration, called in practice "response time". This response time is even shorter than the heat flux to the wax 3 is important, hence the interest of the cross-shaped branches orthogonal to each other of the internal radiator 9 and the resulting division of the internal volume V x of the cup in the four cavities 14. In fact, this heat flux increases with the value of the contact surface between the wax 3 and the heated metal of the cup 1 and the radiator 9, while decreases with the maximum distance, in cross section, between any particle of the wax and these metal walls.
En outre, l'obtention du radiateur 9 par les plaquettes fendues 91 assemblées l'une à l'autre permet de disposer de parois métalliques de délimitation des cavités 14 particulièrement peu épaisses, ce qui optimise le temps de réponse de l'élément thermostatique, puisque, en raison de sa faible masse, le radiateur 9 ne nécessite qu'une petite quantité d'énergie et donc de temps pour être échauffé. Le fonctionnement décrit ci-dessus est réversible lorsque la température du milieu extérieur diminue. Dans ce cas, l'élément thermostatique se contracte en passant d'une température dans laquelle la cire 3 est dilatée dans un état visqueux, voir liquide, comme représenté à la figure 8, à une température plus basse pour laquelle la cire 3 est contractée dans un état plus visqueux, voire solide, comme aux figures 3 à 5. La majeure partie de la masse de cire 3 située dans la zone 16, c'est-à-dire située entre le diaphragme 4 et le radiateur 9, pénètre alors dans les cavités 14 sous l'action de la force de pression F générée par la charge du piston 5 repoussé en pratique par des moyens de rappel non représentés, extérieurs à l'élément thermostatique. La force de pression F est transmise à la cire 3 par l'intermédiaire du tampon 7 et du diaphragme 4 lors de l'escamotage du piston 5 dans le fourreau 2.In addition, obtaining the radiator 9 by the split plates 91 assembled to one another makes it possible to have metal walls delimiting the cavities 14 which are particularly thin, which optimizes the response time of the thermostatic element, since, due to its low mass, the radiator 9 requires only a small amount of energy and therefore time to be heated. The operation described above is reversible when the temperature of the external environment decreases. In this case, the thermostatic element contracts by passing from a temperature in which the wax 3 is dilated in a viscous state, see liquid, as shown in Figure 8, at a lower temperature for which the wax 3 is contracted in a more viscous or solid state, as in FIGS. 3 to 5. The majority of the wax mass 3 located in the zone 16, that is to say located between the diaphragm 4 and the radiator 9, then penetrates in the cavities 14 under the action of the pressure force F generated by the load of the piston 5 repulsed in practice by unrepresented return means, external to the thermostatic element. The pressure force F is transmitted to the wax 3 via the buffer 7 and the diaphragm 4 when the piston 5 is retracted into the sleeve 2.
Cependant, dans certains cas, notamment après de multiples cycles de fonctionnement chauffage/refroidissement, la cire 3 a souvent des difficultés, au cours de la phase de refroidissement de l'élément thermostatique, à pénétrer dans les cavités 14 au niveau de leur débouché 14A. Ces débouchés présentent en effet des faibles sections transversales par lesquelles la cire doit se retirer vers la paroi de fond 12 de la coupelle, en laissant une place suffisante pour l'escamotage du piston. Ces difficultés d' écoulement de la cire au niveau des débouchés des cavités 14 sont d'autant plus marqués lorsque ces cavités présentent une profondeur importante, comme c'est le cas pour la coupelle 1 dite « longue », dont la dimension axiale est sensiblement supérieure à son diamètre pour augmenter la surface d' échange thermique entre la cire et la face intérieure de la coupelle. En pratique, les causes potentielles de ces difficultés d'écoulement de la cire sont notamment liées : - à un manque d'homogénéité de la cire 3, en particulier lorsque cette dernière est chargée d'une poudre conductrice de la chaleur, comme 'évoquée plus haut, puisque, après de multiples cycles de dilatation et de contraction de cette cire, la proportion de la poudre conductrice tend à augmenter dans certaines zones, ce qui a pour effet d'augmenter localement la viscosité de la cire chargée, et/ouHowever, in some cases, especially after multiple cycles of heating / cooling operation, the wax 3 often has difficulties, during the cooling phase of the thermostatic element, to enter the cavities 14 at their outlet 14A . These outlets have indeed small cross sections through which the wax must withdraw to the bottom wall 12 of the cup, leaving enough room for the retraction of the piston. These difficulties of flow of the wax at the level of the outlets of the cavities 14 are all the more marked when these cavities have a significant depth, as is the case for the so-called "long" cup 1, the axial dimension of which is substantially greater than its diameter to increase the heat exchange surface between the wax and the inner face of the cup. In practice, the potential causes of these difficulties in the flow of wax are notably related to: - a lack of homogeneity of the wax 3, in particular when the latter is loaded with a conductive powder of heat, such as' mentioned above, since, after multiple cycles of expansion and contraction of the wax, proportion of the conductive powder tends to increase in some areas, which has the effect of locally increasing the viscosity of the loaded wax, and / or
- à des différences de dimensions des sections transversales des différentes cavités 14, résultant de la conception de la coupelle 1 et/ou de l' insert métallique 9, et/ou résultant d'imprécisions d'assemblage de cet insert lors de la fabrication de l'élément thermostatique.- differences in dimensions of the cross sections of the various cavities 14, resulting from the design of the cup 1 and / or the metal insert 9, and / or resulting from assembly inaccuracies of this insert during the manufacture of the thermostatic element.
Le débouché 14A d'une des cavités 14 peut se trouver ainsi obturé, comme indiqué par les flèches 3A pour la cavité représentée dans la partie gauche de la figure 8. Dans ce cas, de la cire 3 provenant des trois autres cavités 14 passe alors par les ouvertures 97i et 972, comme indiqué par les flèches 3B, pour remplir la cavité dont le débouché est obturé. La cire qui passe par ces ouvertures est déplacée sous l'effet de la force de pression F du piston 5, transmise par la cire contenue dans la zone volumique 16, qui se retire ainsi dans les trois cavités 14 non obturées, dont la cavité représentée dans la partie droite de la figure 8, comme indiqué par la flèche 3C.The outlet 14A of one of the cavities 14 may thus be closed, as indicated by the arrows 3A for the cavity shown in the left-hand part of FIG. 8. In this case, wax 3 coming from the other three cavities 14 then passes through the openings 97i and 97 2 , as indicated by the arrows 3B, to fill the cavity whose outlet is closed. The wax which passes through these openings is displaced by the pressure force F of the piston 5, transmitted by the wax contained in the volume zone 16, which thus withdraws into the three cavities 14 not closed off, the cavity of which is represented in the right part of Figure 8, as indicated by the arrow 3C.
Divers aménagements et variantes aux éléments thermostatiques . décrits ci-dessus sont bien entendu envisageables : on peut prévoir notamment des formes de 'réalisation présentant des dimensions différentes, appropriées à l'application spécifique de l'élément thermostatique ;Various arrangements and variants to thermostatic elements. described above are of course conceivable: it is possible to provide particular embodiments having different dimensions, appropriate to the specific application of the thermostatic element;
- de même, des formes de cavité de stockage de la cire très diverses sont possibles, résultant des diverses géométries envisageables du radiateur interne, dont les plaquettes fendues positionnées l'une dans l'autre peuvent être par exemple galbées, et/όu résultant de diverses géométries de la coupelle, dont la face extérieure latérale peut présenter des plats, des dépressions et/ou des bombements ou bien dont la longueur peut être plus faible que le diamètre ;- Similarly, very diverse forms of storage of the wax are possible, resulting from various conceivable geometries of the internal radiator, whose slotted plates positioned one inside the other may for example be curved, and / όu resulting from various geometries of the cup, the lateral outer face may have plates, depressions and / or bulges or the length of which may be smaller than the diameter;
- plutôt que de prévoir la soudure du radiateur dans la coupelle de l'élément thermostatique, ce radiateur peut être venu de matière avec la face intérieure de la coupelle ; et/ou- rather than predicting the welding of the radiator in the cup of the thermostatic element, this radiator may be integral with the inner face of the cup; and or
- bien que l'exemple envisagé ci-dessus inclut plusieurs ouvertures de passage de la cire 3 entre les cavités 14 délimitées dans la coupelle 1, une seule ouverture de ce type peut être suffisante pour éviter les risques de blocage de la cire 3 au niveau du débouché de ces cavités, cette unique ouverture pouvant tout aussi bien être située dans la partie courante du radiateur, comme l'ouverture 97i, qu'au niveau de son extrémité opposée au piston 5, c'est-à-dire à proximité de la paroi de fond 12 de la coupelle, comme l'ouverture 972- - Although the example envisaged above includes several openings for the passage of the wax 3 between the cavities 14 delimited in the cup 1, a single opening of this type may be sufficient to avoid the risk of blocking the wax 3 at the the outlet of these cavities, this single opening may just as well be located in the current portion of the radiator, as the opening 97i, at its end opposite the piston 5, that is to say near the the bottom wall 12 of the cup, like the opening 972-

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Elément thermostatique, comportant :1. Thermostatic element, comprising:
- une coupelle métallique externe (1) contenant une matière (3) dilatable et contractile en fonction du sens de variation de sa température,an external metal cup (1) containing a material (3) expandable and contractile according to the direction of variation of its temperature,
- un radiateur métallique (9) de conduction de la chaleur, disposé dans la coupelle (1) en divisant son volume intérieur (Vi) en plusieurs cavités (14) de stockage d'au moins une partie de la matière dilatable et contractile (3) , ledit radiateur étant adapté pour transmettre de la chaleur entre la coupelle (1) et la matière (3) stockée dans ces cavités, eta metal heat radiator (9) arranged in the cup (1) by dividing its internal volume (Vi) into several cavities (14) for storing at least part of the expandable and contractile material (3); ), said radiator being adapted to transmit heat between the cup (1) and the material (3) stored in these cavities, and
- un piston (5) mobile par rapport à la coupelle (1) suivant un axe (X-X) de celle-ci et couplé à la matière dilatable et contractile (3) pour se déplacer en sens opposés selon que la matière se dilate ou se contracte, caractérisé en ce que le radiateur (9) comporte au moins deux plaquettes métalliques partiellement fendues (91) de délimitation des cavités (14) de stockage de la matière dilatable et contractile (3), assemblées l'une à l'autre en positionnant une partie non fendue (98) de chaque plaquette dans la fente (92) de l'autre plaquette.- a piston (5) movable relative to the cup (1) along an axis (XX) thereof and coupled to the expandable and contractile material (3) to move in opposite directions as the material expands or becomes characterized in that the radiator (9) comprises at least two partially split metal plates (91) delimiting the cavities (14) for storing the expandable and contractile material (3), assembled to one another by positioning an unslotted portion (98) of each wafer in the slot (92) of the other wafer.
2. Elément thermostatique suivant la revendication (1), caractérisé en ce que les deux plaquettes (91) sont géométriquement identiques .2. Thermostatic element according to claim (1), characterized in that the two plates (91) are geometrically identical.
3. Elément thermostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la partie non fendue (98) de chaque plaquette (91), positionnée entre les bords de la fente (92) de l'autre plaquette est sensiblement alignée avec l'axe (X-X) de la coupelle (1).3. Thermostatic element according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the unslotted portion (98) of each wafer (91), positioned between the edges of the slot (92) of the other wafer is substantially aligned with the axis (XX) of the cup (1).
4. Elément thermostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque plaquette (91) est sensiblement plane. 4. Thermostatic element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each plate (91) is substantially flat.
5. Elément thermostatique suivant la revendication 4 , caractérisé en ce que les plaquettes (91) sont sensiblement perpendiculaires l'une "à l'autre.5. A thermostatic element according to claim 4, characterized in that the plates (91) are substantially perpendicular "to each other.
6. Elément thermostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la fente (92) de chaque plaquette (91) s'étend, suivant l'axe6. Thermostatic element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slot (92) of each plate (91) extends along the axis
(X-X) de la coupelle (1), sur environ la moitié de la plaquette, et en ce que les bords de cette fente sont écartés l'un de l'autre d'une distance sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de la plaquette.(X-X) of the cup (1), on about half of the wafer, and in that the edges of this slot are spaced from each other by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the wafer.
7. Elément thermostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux plaquettes (91) sont soudées à la face intérieure (IA) de la coupelle (1) . 7. Thermostatic element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two plates (91) are welded to the inner face (IA) of the cup (1).
8. Elément thermostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la fente (92) de chaque plaquette (91) débouche sur un des côtés (91B) de la plaquette en formant une échancrure (94) adaptée pour guider la plaquette lors de l'assemblage des deux plaquettes.8. Thermostatic element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slot (92) of each wafer (91) opens on one side (91B) of the wafer forming a notch (94) adapted to guide the plate when assembling the two plates.
9. Elément thermostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque plaquette (91) est en contact avec la face intérieure (IA) de la coupelle (1) au niveau de deux zones distinctes (15), et en ce que le radiateur (9) comporte, dans sa partie (9B) opposée au piston (5) , au moins une ouverture (97i, 972) de passage de la matière dilatable et contractile (3) entre au moins deux des cavités de stockage de cette matière (14) , cette ou au moins une de ces ouvertures (97i, 972) étant délimitée par une partie (93, 94) d'au moins une des fentes (92) des plaquettes (91).9. Thermostatic element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each plate (91) is in contact with the inner face (IA) of the cup (1) at two distinct zones (15), and the radiator (9) has, in its portion (9B) opposite the piston (5), at least one opening (97i, 97 2 ) for the passage of the expandable and contractile material (3) between at least two of the cavities of storage of this material (14), this or at least one of these openings (97i, 97 2 ) being delimited by a portion (93, 94) of at least one of the slots (92) of the plates (91).
10. Cartouche thermostatique ou robinet thermostatique équipé d'un élément thermostatique conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 10. Thermostatic cartridge or thermostatic valve equipped with a thermostatic element according to any one of the preceding claims.
11. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément thermostatique, dans lequel on dispose d'une coupelle métallique (1) 'et d'un radiateur métallique (9) de conduction de la chaleur, et dans lequel on rapporte le radiateur (9) à l'intérieur de la coupelle (1), caractérisé en ce que, avant de rapporter le radiateur (9) dans la coupelle (1), on assemble l'une à l'autre deux plaquettes métalliques (91) partiellement fendues, en positionnant une partie non fendue (98) de chaque plaquette dans la fente (92) de l'autre plaquette, pour obtenir le radiateur (9) . 11. A method of manufacturing a thermostatic element, wherein there is a metal cup (1) ' and a metal radiator (9) of heat conduction, and wherein the radiator (9) is reported to the inside of the cup (1), characterized in that, before bringing the radiator (9) back into the cup (1), two partially split metal plates (91) are assembled together by positioning an unslotted portion (98) of each wafer in the slot (92) of the other wafer, to obtain the radiator (9).
PCT/FR2006/000929 2005-04-27 2006-04-26 Rapid-response thermostatic element, a cartridge and valve equipped with this element, and method for manufacturing this element WO2006114521A1 (en)

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FR0504242A FR2885181B1 (en) 2005-04-27 2005-04-27 RAPID RESPONSE THERMOSTATIC ELEMENT, CARTRIDGE AND TAP EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENT, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A MEMBER

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1385372A (en) * 1971-02-10 1975-02-26 Kuze Y Thermally responsive element
DE3013386A1 (en) * 1980-04-05 1981-10-08 Pierburg Gmbh & Co Kg, 4040 Neuss Expanding wax type thermostat - has groove in lid to hold lubricant for operating plunger passing through lid
JPS6161953A (en) * 1984-09-03 1986-03-29 Fuji Thomson Kk Wax type thermal responsive telescopic device
US5052181A (en) * 1989-12-25 1991-10-01 Nihon Seiken Kabushiki Kaisha Heat sensitive actuator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1385372A (en) * 1971-02-10 1975-02-26 Kuze Y Thermally responsive element
DE3013386A1 (en) * 1980-04-05 1981-10-08 Pierburg Gmbh & Co Kg, 4040 Neuss Expanding wax type thermostat - has groove in lid to hold lubricant for operating plunger passing through lid
JPS6161953A (en) * 1984-09-03 1986-03-29 Fuji Thomson Kk Wax type thermal responsive telescopic device
US5052181A (en) * 1989-12-25 1991-10-01 Nihon Seiken Kabushiki Kaisha Heat sensitive actuator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 227 (M - 505) 7 August 1986 (1986-08-07) *

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FR2885181B1 (en) 2007-06-22

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