WO2006107232A1 - Method for producing ferroalloy granules and a slag for carrying out said method - Google Patents
Method for producing ferroalloy granules and a slag for carrying out said method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006107232A1 WO2006107232A1 PCT/RU2005/000172 RU2005000172W WO2006107232A1 WO 2006107232 A1 WO2006107232 A1 WO 2006107232A1 RU 2005000172 W RU2005000172 W RU 2005000172W WO 2006107232 A1 WO2006107232 A1 WO 2006107232A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to the production of granules of a ferroalloy based on silicon and / or aluminum.
- the proposed method can be used at metallurgical and engineering enterprises to obtain fractionated by size of ferroalloys without crushing devices.
- a known method of producing granules which provides for the free fall of molten metal on a fixed plate [1].
- particles of various sizes and arbitrary shapes are formed due to their own kinetic energy. These particles bounce up and away from the plate and fall into the bath with the cooling medium.
- the disadvantages of the method are the low processability of the method due to the sticking of the liquid ferroalloy on the plate, and also it is not stable to obtain the necessary particle size distribution of the ferroalloy due to the fact that when this method is implemented under production conditions, the resulting particles have a large variation in shape and size.
- granules of ferroalloys with active elements obtained by this method have an oxidized surface and high fumes of these expensive elements.
- the closest to the achieved effect is the known method for producing ferroalloy granules of a certain size and spherical shape on simultaneously rotating drum with a refractory lining and a refractory support [2].
- liquid metal is dispersed due to the fall of the jet from the drum onto the cone of the stand.
- the spherical shape of the granules is obtained under the action of centrifugal forces, and the fractional composition of the granules is determined by the speed of rotation of the drum and stand.
- the disadvantages of the method are the high energy costs, the need to manufacture a special device and the difficulty of continuous granulation of a ferroalloy with active elements due to their interaction with refractory material and sticking of the reaction products on the drum and stand.
- granules of ferroalloys with active elements obtained by this method have an oxidized surface and high fumes of these expensive elements.
- the aim of the present invention is to develop a method for producing granules with a narrow particle size distribution with a high degree of spheroidization with an unoxidized surface without using a complex device and the composition of the slag for its implementation.
- the dispersion, spheroidization and crystallization of the granules is carried out in a slag melt, which, upon subsequent cooling, crumbles into powder and is screened out.
- the technical effect when using the invention is achieved by creating favorable conditions for dispersing a liquid ferroalloy and obtaining spherical granules due to the energy of surface tension between the particles of the ferroalloy and liquid slag.
- the granule size can be controlled by changing the thermal conditions for cooling the ferroalloy melt in the slag, using slags that differ in thermophysical properties and changing the rate of heat removal from the melt.
- the degree of spheroidization of granules can be controlled by using slags with various physicochemical properties, since it depends on the magnitude of the surface tension forces at the interface between liquid ferroalloy and slag.
- the low density of said slag prevents the formation of granules inside the slag.
- the technical result of the invention can be achieved due to the fact that the slag for the implementation of the method, containing oxides of aluminum, silicon, calcium and magnesium, additionally contains barium sulfide and carbon in the following ratio of components, mass. %: alumina 1-25 silica 5-30 calcium oxide 30-60 magnesium oxide 1-5 barium sulfide 0.1-20 carbon 0.1-2.0
- barium sulfide and carbon in the specified amount into the slag provides an increase in its density, which is necessary for the stable occurrence of granulation and spheroidization of granules in the slag melt and the necessary crumbling of crystallized slag.
- the introduction of barium sulfide into the slag composition reduces its melting point and viscosity, accelerating the granulation of the ferroalloy.
- the proposed method for producing granules of ferroalloy can be realized by preparing liquid ferroalloy and slag, their joint discharge into a tank, cooling to the complete scattering of slag, and separating the granules by screening on sieves with specified hole sizes.
- liquid ferroalloy and slag are obtained, the density of which is comparable with the density of the ferroalloy.
- the chemical composition of ferroalloy and slag provide the maximum value of interfacial surface tension, obtaining granules of ferroalloy spherical shape, their uniform distribution in the slag and its self-scattering.
- Slag, or liquid ferroalloy and slag can be obtained in different smelting units.
- the joint discharge of the ferroalloy and slag into the tank will allow the cooling of the granules of the ferroalloy inside the slag and, after its scattering, to separate the granules by screening.
- ferroalloy granules are produced in two or three stages without the use of a complex granulation device.
- Example. Granules were made of a ferroalloy containing 6.2% of active elements (Mg, Ca, Al, etc.) Si, Fe - the rest. Ferroalloy smelting together with slag was carried out in a single-phase arc furnace with a capacity of 250 kVA. Metal and slag were poured into a cast-iron mold and cooled until the slag was completely dispersed. The yield of spherical granules of 3-10 mm in size was 94%.
- Information sources :
- Electrometallurgy of steel and ferroalloys a Textbook for high schools. Povolotsky D.Ya., Roshchin BE, Malkov N.V. M .: Metallurgy, 1995.S. 560. Table 1.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to producing size-fractionated ferroalloys containing active elements. Said invention makes it possible to obtain unoxidized spherically-shaped granules which have a compact specifically-sized macrostructure and a specified microstructure without using sophisticated technical devices and equipment. The inventive method consists in granulating a ferroalloy melt in a liquid slag using surface tension forces between ferroalloy and slag particles. The technical effect is also attainable by inventive slags which self-disintegrates in a cooled state thereof. Said slags are characterised in that they contain aluminium, silicon, calcium and magnesium oxides at the following component ratio: 1.0- 25.0 mass % aluminium oxide, 5.0-30.0 mass % silicon oxide, 30.0-60.0 mass % calcium oxide, 1.0-5.0 mass % magnesium oxide, 1.0-10.0 mass % barium sulphide and 0.1-2.0 mass % carbon.
Description
СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГРАНУЛ ФЕРРОСПЛАВА И ШЛАК ДЛЯ ЕГО METHOD FOR PRODUCING FERROALLOY GRANULES AND SLAG FOR ITS
ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ.IMPLEMENTATION.
Изобретение относится к области металлургии, а именно к получению гранул ферросплава на основе кремния и/или алюминия. Предлагаемый способ может быть использован на металлургических и машиностроительных предприятиях для получения фракционированных по крупности ферросплавов без дробильных устройств.The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to the production of granules of a ferroalloy based on silicon and / or aluminum. The proposed method can be used at metallurgical and engineering enterprises to obtain fractionated by size of ferroalloys without crushing devices.
Известен способ получения гранул, в котором предусмотрено свободное падение расплавленного металла на неподвижную пластину [1]. В соответствии с указанным способом при определённой скорости падающего металла и соударении его с пластиной образуются частицы различного размера и произвольной формы за счёт собственной кинетической энергии. Эти частицы отскакивают вверх и в стороны от пластины и падают в ванну с охлаждающей средой.A known method of producing granules, which provides for the free fall of molten metal on a fixed plate [1]. In accordance with the indicated method, at a certain speed of the incident metal and its collision with the plate, particles of various sizes and arbitrary shapes are formed due to their own kinetic energy. These particles bounce up and away from the plate and fall into the bath with the cooling medium.
Недостатки способа - низкая технологичность способа из-за налипания жидкого ферросплава на пластину, а также - не стабильное получение необходимого гранулометрического состава ферросплава из-за того, что при реализации этого способа в производственных условиях получаемые частицы имеют большой разброс по форме и размерам. Степень сфероидизации гранул (ССГ), получаемых по этому способу и определяемая как отношение минимального диаметра гранулы к её максимальному диаметру, выраженное в процентах, как правило, не превышает 70 %. Кроме того, получаемые по этому способу гранулы ферросплавов с активными элементами имеют окисленную поверхность и высокий угар этих дорогих элементов.The disadvantages of the method are the low processability of the method due to the sticking of the liquid ferroalloy on the plate, and also it is not stable to obtain the necessary particle size distribution of the ferroalloy due to the fact that when this method is implemented under production conditions, the resulting particles have a large variation in shape and size. The degree of spheroidization of granules (SSG) obtained by this method and defined as the ratio of the minimum diameter of the granule to its maximum diameter, expressed as a percentage, usually does not exceed 70%. In addition, granules of ferroalloys with active elements obtained by this method have an oxidized surface and high fumes of these expensive elements.
Наиболее близким по достигаемому эффекту является известный способ получения ферросплавных гранул определённого размера и сферической формы на одновременно вращающихся барабане с огнеупорной футеровкой и огнеупорной подставке [2]. Согласно указанному способу жидкий
металл диспергируют за счёт падения струи из барабана на конус подставки.The closest to the achieved effect is the known method for producing ferroalloy granules of a certain size and spherical shape on simultaneously rotating drum with a refractory lining and a refractory support [2]. According to the specified method, liquid metal is dispersed due to the fall of the jet from the drum onto the cone of the stand.
Сферическая форма гранул получается под действием центробежных сил, а фракционный состав гранул определяется скоростью вращения барабана и подставки.The spherical shape of the granules is obtained under the action of centrifugal forces, and the fractional composition of the granules is determined by the speed of rotation of the drum and stand.
Недостатками способа являются большие энергетические затраты, необходимость изготовления специального устройства и трудность осуществления непрерывной грануляции ферросплава с активными элементами вследствие их взаимодействия с огнеупорным материалом и налипания продуктов реакции на барабане и подставке. Кроме того, получаемые по этому способу гранулы ферросплавов с активными элементами имеют окисленную поверхность и высокий угар этих дорогих элементов.The disadvantages of the method are the high energy costs, the need to manufacture a special device and the difficulty of continuous granulation of a ferroalloy with active elements due to their interaction with refractory material and sticking of the reaction products on the drum and stand. In addition, granules of ferroalloys with active elements obtained by this method have an oxidized surface and high fumes of these expensive elements.
Целью настоящего изобретения является разработка способа получения гранул узкого гранулометрического состава с высокой степенью сфе- роидизации с неокисленной поверхностью без применения сложного устройства и состав шлака для его реализации.The aim of the present invention is to develop a method for producing granules with a narrow particle size distribution with a high degree of spheroidization with an unoxidized surface without using a complex device and the composition of the slag for its implementation.
Для решения поставленной задачи в способе получения ферросплавных гранул определенного размера диспергирование, сфероидизацию и кристаллизацию гранул осуществляют в расплаве шлака, который при последующем охлаждении рассыпается в порошок и отсеивается. Технический эффект при использовании изобретения достигается благодаря созданию благоприятных условий для диспергирования жидкого ферросплава и получения гранул сферической формы за счёт энергии поверхностного натяжения между частицами ферросплава и жидким шлаком. Размером гранул при этом можно управлять, меняя тепловые условия охлаждения расплава ферросплава в шлаке, применяя шлаки, отличающиеся теплофизическими свойствами и меняя скорость отвода тепла от расплава. Степенью сфероидиза- ции гранул можно управлять, применяя шлаки с различными физико- химическими свойствами, так как она зависит от величины сил поверхностного натяжения на границе жидких ферросплава и шлака.
Известен шлак при производстве низкоуглеродистого феррохрома [3], содержащий 50-53 % CaO, 26-29 % SiO2, 5-7% Al2O3, 8-11 % MgO, 3.5-5.5% Cr2O3 и 0.5-0.8 % FeO, который при охлаждении рассыпается в тонкий порошок. Однако низкая плотность указанного шлака препятствует образованию гранул внутри шлака.To solve the problem in a method for producing ferroalloy granules of a certain size, the dispersion, spheroidization and crystallization of the granules is carried out in a slag melt, which, upon subsequent cooling, crumbles into powder and is screened out. The technical effect when using the invention is achieved by creating favorable conditions for dispersing a liquid ferroalloy and obtaining spherical granules due to the energy of surface tension between the particles of the ferroalloy and liquid slag. In this case, the granule size can be controlled by changing the thermal conditions for cooling the ferroalloy melt in the slag, using slags that differ in thermophysical properties and changing the rate of heat removal from the melt. The degree of spheroidization of granules can be controlled by using slags with various physicochemical properties, since it depends on the magnitude of the surface tension forces at the interface between liquid ferroalloy and slag. Known slag in the production of low-carbon ferrochrome [3], containing 50-53% CaO, 26-29% SiO 2 , 5-7% Al 2 O 3 , 8-11% MgO, 3.5-5.5% Cr 2 O 3 and 0.5- 0.8% FeO, which, when cooled, disintegrates into a fine powder. However, the low density of said slag prevents the formation of granules inside the slag.
Технический результат изобретения может быть достигнут за счет того, что шлак для осуществления способа, содержащий оксиды алюминия, кремния, кальция и магния, дополнительно содержит сульфид бария и углерод при следующем соотношении компонентов, масс. %: оксид алюминия 1-25 оксид кремния 5-30 оксид кальция 30-60 оксид магния 1-5 сульфид бария 0,1-20 углерод 0,1-2,0The technical result of the invention can be achieved due to the fact that the slag for the implementation of the method, containing oxides of aluminum, silicon, calcium and magnesium, additionally contains barium sulfide and carbon in the following ratio of components, mass. %: alumina 1-25 silica 5-30 calcium oxide 30-60 magnesium oxide 1-5 barium sulfide 0.1-20 carbon 0.1-2.0
Введение в состав шлака сульфида бария и углерода в указанном количестве обеспечивает увеличение его плотности, необходимое для устойчивого протекания процессов грануляции и сфероидизации гранул в расплаве шлака и необходимую рассыпаемость закристаллизовавшегося шлака. Кроме того, введение в состав шлака сульфида бария снижает его температуру плавления и вязкость, ускоряя процессы грануляции ферросплава.The introduction of barium sulfide and carbon in the specified amount into the slag provides an increase in its density, which is necessary for the stable occurrence of granulation and spheroidization of granules in the slag melt and the necessary crumbling of crystallized slag. In addition, the introduction of barium sulfide into the slag composition reduces its melting point and viscosity, accelerating the granulation of the ferroalloy.
Предлагаемый способ получения гранул ферросплава может быть реализован приготовлением жидкого ферросплава и шлака, совместным их сливом в ёмкость, охлаждением до полного рассыпания шлака и отделением гранул путём грохочения на ситах с заданными размерами отверстий.The proposed method for producing granules of ferroalloy can be realized by preparing liquid ferroalloy and slag, their joint discharge into a tank, cooling to the complete scattering of slag, and separating the granules by screening on sieves with specified hole sizes.
В электрической дуговой печи получают жидкий ферросплав и шлак, плотность которого соизмерима с плотностью ферросплава. Химический состав ферросплава и шлака обеспечивают максимальную величину межфазного поверхностного натяжения, получения гранул ферросплава сфериче-
ской формы, их равномерное распределение в шлаке и его саморассыпание.In an electric arc furnace, liquid ferroalloy and slag are obtained, the density of which is comparable with the density of the ferroalloy. The chemical composition of ferroalloy and slag provide the maximum value of interfacial surface tension, obtaining granules of ferroalloy spherical shape, their uniform distribution in the slag and its self-scattering.
Шлак, или жидкий ферросплав и шлак можно получить в разных плавильных агрегатах. Совместный слив ферросплава и шлака в ёмкость позволит осуществить охлаждение гранул ферросплава внутри шлака и после его рассыпания отделить гранулы грохочением.Slag, or liquid ferroalloy and slag can be obtained in different smelting units. The joint discharge of the ferroalloy and slag into the tank will allow the cooling of the granules of the ferroalloy inside the slag and, after its scattering, to separate the granules by screening.
В отличие от известного способа, связанного с дополнительным расходом электроэнергии, необходимостью изготовления специального устройства и включающего пять стадий (подачу ферросплава в барабан, слив из барабана на подставку, вращение барабана и подставки, подачу гранул в бак с жидкостью и их сушку), в предлагаемом способе гранулы ферросплава получают в две или три стадии без применения сложного устройства для грануляции.In contrast to the known method associated with additional energy consumption, the need to manufacture a special device and comprising five stages (feeding ferroalloy into the drum, draining from the drum to the stand, rotating the drum and stand, feeding the granules into the liquid tank and drying them), in the proposed In the method, ferroalloy granules are produced in two or three stages without the use of a complex granulation device.
Результаты сравнения технических результатов известных и предлагаемых в соответствии с изобретением способов получения гранул ферросплавов с активными элементами приведены в таблицах 1 и 2.The results of comparing the technical results of the known and proposed in accordance with the invention methods for producing granules of ferroalloys with active elements are shown in tables 1 and 2.
Пример. Изготовили гранулы ферросплава, содержащего 6,2 % активных элементов (Mg, Ca, Al и др.) Si, Fe - остальное. Выплавку ферросплава совместно со шлаком осуществили в однофазной дуговой печи мощностью 250 кВА. Металл и шлак слили в чугунную изложницу и охлаждали до полного рассыпания шлака. Выход гранул сферической формы размером 3-10 мм составил 94%. Источники информации:Example. Granules were made of a ferroalloy containing 6.2% of active elements (Mg, Ca, Al, etc.) Si, Fe - the rest. Ferroalloy smelting together with slag was carried out in a single-phase arc furnace with a capacity of 250 kVA. Metal and slag were poured into a cast-iron mold and cooled until the slag was completely dispersed. The yield of spherical granules of 3-10 mm in size was 94%. Information sources:
1. Патент Франция M> 1602483, кл. B22d23/00, 1971.1. Patent France M> 1602483, cl. B22d23 / 00, 1971.
2. Патент США JVГs 3660544, кл. 264-8, 1972.2. US Patent JVGs 3660544, CL 264-8, 1972.
3. Электрометаллургия стали и ферросплавов: Учебник для вузов. Поволоцкий Д.Я., Рощин B.E., Мальков Н.В. M.: Металлургия, 1995. с. 560.
Таблица 1.3. Electrometallurgy of steel and ferroalloys: a Textbook for high schools. Povolotsky D.Ya., Roshchin BE, Malkov N.V. M .: Metallurgy, 1995.S. 560. Table 1.
Таблица 2table 2
Claims
1. Способ получения гранул ферросплава, включающий диспергирование, сфероидизацию и кристаллизацию гранул, о т л и ч а ю щ и й с я тем, что диспергирование расплава ферросплава, формирование формы, размеров, макроструктуры и микроструктуры гранул осуществляют в расплаве шлака.1. A method of producing granules of a ferroalloy, including the dispersion, spheroidization and crystallization of granules, with the fact that the dispersion of the melt of the ferroalloy, the formation of the shape, size, macrostructure and microstructure of the granules is carried out in a melt of slag.
2. Способ получения гранул ферросплава по п.l, отличающийся тем, что состав шлака подобран таким образом, что при его охлаждении происходит самостоятельное рассыпание и он в последующем легко отделяется от гранул при грохочении.2. A method of producing granules of ferroalloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of the slag is selected in such a way that when it is cooled, independent scattering occurs and it subsequently easily separates from the granules during screening.
3. Способ получения гранул ферросплава по п.2, отличающийся тем, что шлак для получения гранул ферросплава, содержащий оксиды алюминия, кремния, кальция, магния, дополнительно содержит сульфид бария и углерод при следующем соотношении компонентов, масс. %: оксид алюминия 1-25 оксид кремния 5-30 оксид кальция 30-60 оксид магния 1-5 сульфид бария 0,1-20 углерод 0,1-2,0 3. The method of producing granules of ferroalloy according to claim 2, characterized in that the slag for producing granules of ferroalloy containing aluminum, silicon, calcium, magnesium oxides, further comprises barium sulfide and carbon in the following ratio of components, mass. %: alumina 1-25 silica 5-30 calcium oxide 30-60 magnesium oxide 1-5 barium sulfide 0.1-20 carbon 0.1-2.0
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2005/000172 WO2006107232A1 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2005-04-05 | Method for producing ferroalloy granules and a slag for carrying out said method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/RU2005/000172 WO2006107232A1 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2005-04-05 | Method for producing ferroalloy granules and a slag for carrying out said method |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU265383A1 (en) * | METHOD FOR CRUSHING THE METAL JET WHEN TREATING IT WITH A SYNTHETIC GLASS | |||
| US3660544A (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1972-05-02 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for producing sized ferroalloy particles |
| SU1127689A1 (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1984-12-07 | Научно-исследовательский институт металлургии | Melt granulator |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU265383A1 (en) * | METHOD FOR CRUSHING THE METAL JET WHEN TREATING IT WITH A SYNTHETIC GLASS | |||
| US3660544A (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1972-05-02 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for producing sized ferroalloy particles |
| SU1127689A1 (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1984-12-07 | Научно-исследовательский институт металлургии | Melt granulator |
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