WO2006105693A1 - Transformateurs de convertisseurs avec compensation de couplage automatique et blindage contre les harmoniques - Google Patents

Transformateurs de convertisseurs avec compensation de couplage automatique et blindage contre les harmoniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006105693A1
WO2006105693A1 PCT/CN2005/000542 CN2005000542W WO2006105693A1 WO 2006105693 A1 WO2006105693 A1 WO 2006105693A1 CN 2005000542 W CN2005000542 W CN 2005000542W WO 2006105693 A1 WO2006105693 A1 WO 2006105693A1
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Prior art keywords
winding
harmonic
phase
transformer
windings
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PCT/CN2005/000542
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Fusheng Liu
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Fusheng Liu
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Publication of WO2006105693A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006105693A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/12—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • H01F27/385—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings for reducing harmonics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/04—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 having two or more secondary windings, each supplying a separate load, e.g. for radio set power supplies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power transmission and power supply technologies, and more particularly to rectification, commutation and traction and electric arc furnace transformers and their compensation and filtering equipment.
  • the wide application of power electronics has promoted the production development of factory enterprises.
  • the prominent problems in the power supply industry are high-power rectification, commutation and electric arc furnace loads, the latter including AC or DC steelmaking, no matter which steelmaking,
  • the current is the same as the rectification power supply, and it is also the gap conduction and breaking, forcing the current waveform of the power supply network to be distorted.
  • the harmonic current is injected from the output side of the transformer.
  • the harmonic current source is formed, and the winding of the power supply transformer flows to the side of the original power grid, which brings various adverse effects to the loop and adjacent equipment.
  • the traditional method of harmonic control is passive filtering.
  • the parallel branch of the CL component is commonly used as a tuner to shunt the injected nth harmonic current, such as the equivalent impedance of the filter branch Z ⁇ nX ⁇ Xc/nO, that is, X ⁇ Xc/n 2 , at the harmonic frequency, the inductive reactance is canceled by the capacitive reactance of the series, and the zero impedance of the parallel branch attracts the harmonic current to the shunt.
  • the filtering effect is best.
  • the active filter is a commutating device composed of power electronic components.
  • the DC or stored inertial energy is provided with the load current waveform of the tracking detection and accompanied by the automatic control mode.
  • the real-time inverter is equivalent to the distortion waveform but Compensation current in the opposite direction. This technology has long been used in industrialized countries, but its technology is more complicated, with more supporting equipment and high cost. It has not been widely used.
  • the filter used by the enterprise department for the harmonic source can only filter up to about 50% of the harmonics, which should be actively explored and improved.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel filtering technology which can avoid the resonance overvoltage and harmonic amplification of the passive filter and achieve the similar effect of the active filter, without special compensation harmonic generation.
  • the source, but the balance of the amperage of the coupling winding of the power supply transformer, through the auto-coupling induction relationship formed by the harmonics, constitutes a number of new technology integration products, in order to exploit the potential of the transformer, to achieve auto-coupling compensation and harmonics The combined effect of wave shielding.
  • the technical solution adopted by the invention is to introduce an auto-coupling tap in the middle of the secondary winding of the power transformer winding, and the tap divides the secondary winding into two common windings and series windings similar to the autotransformer, and the two are closely coupled, the two The segment winding and its original phase winding form a concentric arrangement of three windings on the core cylinder, and the windings arranged in the intermediate layer
  • the two ends are connected in parallel with the capacitive reactance x c and the inductive branch of the string, and the fundamental impedance X L is much smaller than x c , the middle layer winding is the shield winding, and its equivalent impedance is zero, the two ends of the secondary winding Connected to the power supply load.
  • the principle of the present invention Let the number of harmonics filtered out be n, at the corresponding 11 times frequency, 'nX L -X c /n-0, the zero impedance branch attracts the nth harmonic current to the series winding, The series windings must pass through the common winding, ie the shield winding, due to the harmonic flux generated by the harmonics. The latter then induces the reverse current and takes the capacitive branch as the loop. The internal winding of the loop and the external branch The impedance is zero, the current is not depressurized, and thus does not need to be maintained by the corresponding potential.
  • the opposite magnetic potentials of the two windings force the harmonic flux to cancel completely, so there is no in-phase original of the outer layer of the remaining harmonic flux.
  • the winding realizes the decoupling of the harmonic shielding of the original winding, that is, the magnetic coupling, so that the harmonic current cannot cross the air gap to the original power grid.
  • the invention is to grasp the harmonic source for treatment.
  • the capacitive CL branch connected by the secondary self-coupled tap I is low in harmonic frequency.
  • the impedance action the harmonic current is returned to the load near the series winding, and the harmonic flux generated by the series winding through the harmonic current is cancelled by the reverse magnetic flux induced by the shield winding, preventing the harmonic current from being transmitted to the original winding. .
  • This is equivalent to setting up at the harmonic injection A barrier that intercepts harmonics from the source, but the fundamental current can pass as usual.
  • the present invention develops the potential of a transformer and utilizes the filtering effect of the transformer ampere balance.
  • CL component of the auto-coupled tap is similar to the passively filtered branch, the current and voltage of the circuit are constrained by the electromagnetic relationship of the coupled windings at both ends of the tap. There is no concern about resonant overvoltage and harmonic amplification, so it is optional.
  • the invention also utilizes the condition that the equivalent impedance of the shield winding is zero, when the induced current passes through the loop No voltage drop, no need to maintain the potential generated by the harmonic flux, so that the harmonic flux generated by the series winding is completely offset by the reverse flux induced by the shield winding, which is similar to the harmonic compensation used by active filtering. It is realized by the auto-coupling induction of the coupled winding, which does not need the harmonic generation source and control system provided by the active filter, and achieves the same effect, and the technical difficulty and the cost are much lower.
  • the invention not only controls the harmonics of the power grid, but also stops the transmission of harmonics in the transformer windings, so that the damage of the harmonic waves to the transformer is effectively controlled, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the rectification and commutation transformation.
  • the capacitive reactance of the compensation branch is much more sensitive to X C and compensates for the load reactive power.
  • Arranging the reactive power compensation on the low voltage side of the extraction tap which not only reduces the voltage level of the compensation device and its switching device, but also reduces the current value through the transformer winding, and avoids the network side access compensation to prevent the capacitive circuit and the power grid. Inductive reactance may cause resonance problems.
  • the present invention compensates for the inadequacy of simply increasing the pulse number P.
  • Increasing the pulse number P of the rectifier is one of the important methods to weaken the harmonics.
  • the harmonic order of the characteristic harmonics increases, and the relative value of the harmonic current content is inversely proportional to this.
  • Small, in order to increase the number of inverters and the complexity of their control it is necessary to adjust the wiring combination of the secondary side of the transformer and the displacement angle between its adjacent phases, which not only increases the material consumption and cost, but also is difficult.
  • To achieve the full elimination of harmonic current effects, especially the existence of non-characteristic harmonics can not be managed by increasing the P value.
  • the present invention has no such disadvantages, which not only improves the filtering effect, but also brings economical savings and is technically superior.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic wiring diagram of a single-phase converter transformer of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a single-phase converter transformer winding according to the present invention
  • 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a single-phase converter transformer of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the three-phase converter transformer of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic wiring diagram of a three-phase six-pulse rectifier transformer of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a voltage phasor diagram of the extension winding of the converter transformer of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic wiring diagram of a six-phase twelve-pulse converter transformer of the present invention.
  • this embodiment is a single-phase auto-coupling compensation and harmonic shielding converter transformer, including a primary winding 1, a secondary winding, and a cylindrical core 4, and an auxiliary tap is taken in the middle of the secondary winding to connect the secondary winding.
  • the three windings are arranged together on a circular core column 4, the series winding 3 is arranged in an inner layer close to the cylindrical core 4, the primary winding 1 is arranged in the outermost layer, and the common winding 2 is arranged in series Between the winding 3 and the primary winding 1, the two ends of the common winding 2 are connected to the branch of the capacitive reactance X C series inductance XL, and both ends of the primary winding 1 are connected to the grid power supply, and the power supply load 5 and the two pairs in series The winding common winding 2 and the series winding 3 are connected in parallel.
  • This embodiment can be used for single-phase rectification load or electric arc furnace load supply, or for single-phase traction transformer of electrified railway or two single-phase transformers combined with V-shaped traction transformer.
  • the output side of the latter is not directly Connected to the inverter, but the load characteristics of the power supply are similar, and the tapping of the secondary winding can be used to improve the reactive power compensation and filtering.
  • the short-circuit impedance measured by the short-circuit between the two windings is converted into the equivalent impedance z 12 , z 13 , Z 23 of the same voltage level, and the equivalent impedances in FIG. 3 can be obtained by the following formula -
  • the intermediate layer winding between the outer layer and the inner layer is the shield winding.
  • Z s represents the equivalent impedance of the system.
  • the n value of the shielded harmonic is taken as 3 or 5.
  • Example 2 As shown in FIG. 4, this embodiment is a ⁇ phase auto-coupling compensation and a harmonic shielding converter transformer.
  • the original side can adopt a star or delta connection (not shown), and the secondary winding is separated by a center tap.
  • the star-shaped wiring consisting of two windings connected in series, the three-phase output terminals u, v, w and the neutral point n, the bow I is connected to its power supply load 5, the middle tap &, b, c leads and the external capacitive CL branch 7 is connected, the winding between the three taps and n is a shield winding, the latter being concentrically arranged with the series winding 3 and the primary winding 1 in the core 4, wherein the common winding 2 is arranged in the middle layer of the concentric winding, and its equivalent impedance is Zero, can shield the harmonics.
  • the power supply load 5 can be a three-phase load or a single-phase load.
  • the core can be used in a three-column structure. If the capacity is large, the three-phase load is unbalanced, or the five-column core can be used to provide a path for the zero-sequence flux.
  • the modern urban power grid is seriously polluted by harmonics.
  • the three-phase voltage of the power grid is asymmetrical, and the voltage waveform is not sinusoidal. Therefore, when the enterprise manufacturers do product testing and scientific experiments, they cannot use the regional power grid as the power source. Otherwise, the results are difficult to be accurate, so they have to be in the dead of night. Carrying out or starting a dedicated generator for power supply indicates that harmonic control of the city network should not be negligent.
  • the urban network is subject to harmonic pollution, which is largely related to the non-linear load of many household appliances. Considering the decentralization of household appliances, it is impossible to separately filter at each access point. For areas with concentrated nonlinear loads, such as large shopping malls, high-rise users and construction sites, it is recommended to use transformers with harmonic shielding to supply power. This can block the turbulence of harmonic currents in order to improve the power quality of the grid.
  • This embodiment is a three-phase rectification power supply transformer with auto-coupling compensation and harmonic shielding.
  • the original winding can be a star or a triangle (not shown), and the auxiliary winding has an extended-edge triangle with an intermediate lead-out tap, as shown in FIG. It is shown that the end points U , V, w of the Yanbian are respectively connected with the three-phase rectifier bridge 6 on the valve side, constitute a rectified output of six pulses and are connected with the power supply load 5; the three-phase terminals of the triangles ⁇ 1, b, c are respectively compensated The capacitive LC elements are connected.
  • the triangular phase winding is equivalent to the common winding 2 of the autotransformer, which plays a shielding role in the filtering.
  • the extended side winding is equivalent to the series winding 3 of the autotransformer; the same side of the extended side winding, the angular winding and the original winding 1 are in the cylindrical core 4 on the concentric arrangement.
  • the magnetic flux is generated by the harmonic current, which is similar to the single-phase and three-phase output converter transformer described above, and is offset by the reverse magnetic flux induced by the in-phase shield winding.
  • Figure 6 shows the phasor relationship between the phase voltage U e of the edging winding and the phase winding voltage U d of the in-phase winding, the phase voltage U e of the adjacent-phase winding and the output phase-to-phase voltage U 2 , where 0 is the phase shift generated by the edging winding Angle, derived from the geometric relationship of phasors -
  • the above equation represents the corresponding relationship between the phase voltage U e of the extension winding and the combined voltage U 2 and displacement angle ⁇ of the output of the extension, which can be used to coordinate the phase with the associated wiring. If the number of winding turns of the extended winding and the delta connection is equal, when harmonic current passes, the harmonic currents of the two windings U e and U d are equal and opposite directions, forcing the harmonic magnetic flux to cancel. There are three An angular closed loop provides access to the third harmonic of the excitation. The n value of the shielded harmonic can be chosen to be 5 or 7. This illustration can be used to power the rectification load of the enterprise department.
  • an auto-coupling compensation and a harmonic shielded commutation transformer of 6-phase 12-pulse waves are composed of two sides of the adjoining triangle.
  • the two sets of three-phase outputs of the secondary winding are respectively connected to the respective three-phase rectifying devices 6, and the inverters composed of two rectifying devices 6 are composed of 12 thyristors, forming 12 veins.
  • the wave phase, the phase difference between the phases is 30°, and the auto-coupling taps of the auto-coupling compensation and the shield filtering extracted from the two-sided triangular windings are connected to the additional compensation and filtering device 7, that is, the capacitive branch CL.
  • phase difference between the two is 30°, in order to obtain the same sequence of the 12-phase pulsation of the conventional DC transmission converter transformer with star and delta connections.
  • Converter effect The intermediate taps from the secondary windings are connected to the additional compensation equipment to facilitate the removal of additional losses caused by components such as reactive and harmonic components in the load current through the transformer and the grid system.
  • the maximum characteristic harmonic order of the 12-pulse phase is calculated as P ⁇ l, so the ⁇ value can be taken as 11 or 13.
  • the DC output of the 12-pulse phase can be used as the power supply for urban traffic light rail locomotives. Generally, the DC output voltage is not high and the current is large.
  • the series connection of the rectifier device 6 in Fig. 7 can be changed to parallel.
  • the original urban rail transit is usually powered by a 24-pulse rectifier transformer, and the latter is formed by combining a plurality of phase shifts of the original secondary windings of the two transformers, not only the converter, but also the thyristor is multiplied, and The number of transformers is also doubled, and the floor space needs to be increased.
  • the new type of rectifier transformer composed of 12 pulses it is economically obvious and economical, and harmonic shielding windings are added to suppress the technical performance of harmonics.
  • the 12-pulse phase is used for commutation of DC transmission (including rectification at the head end and inverter at the end).
  • the transformer has a high long-distance transmission voltage, and the two inverters should be colluded according to Figure 7. If the transmission capacity of HVDC is large, it is difficult to make a three-phase transformer structure and it is not convenient to transport. Three single-phase transformer products can be combined into a three-phase transformer group. The secondary windings of two sets of three-phase transformers should also be pressed.
  • the HVDC commutation according to the embodiment is changed.
  • Pressure device although the transformer product structure is different from the traditional converter transformer, but the 12 pulse waves completed are the same. The difference is that the filter connected to the high-voltage busbar on the grid side is moved to the secondary tap-out tap near the valve side.
  • the capacitive sensing device of the branch is only close to the inverter and is directly connected to the inverter.
  • the high-power extended-side winding of the transformer secondary is isolated, and the current and voltage of the tap-out branch are subject to the electromagnetic relationship of the extended-side winding and the delta-connected winding. There is no need to worry about the adverse effect of the external capacitive component on the inverter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention décrit un transformateur de convertisseur comportant une compensation de couplage automatique et un blindage contre les harmoniques. Une prise de couplage automatique est amenée à l'extérieur de l'enroulement secondaire dans le transformateur d'alimentation, cette prise divisant l'enroulement secondaire en deux étages : l'enroulement commun d'un autotransformateur analogique et un enroulement en série. Tous deux sont étroitement couplés, les enroulements secondaires des deux étages et l'enroulement primaire sont agencés avec un centre sur le cylindre du noyau de fer, où l'enroulement commun est disposé entre l'enroulement primaire et l'enroulement en série, la valeur de son impédance équivalente étant nulle. Les deux extrémités de l'enroulement commun se relient à la dérivation de l'inductance d'un condensateur d'un filtre extérieur. L'invention peut prendre une compensation réactive avoisinant un courant inductif à la fréquence de la puissance de l'utilisateur, peut utiliser l'action d'équilibrage des ampères tours du courant induit de deux enroulements divisés par la prise à une fréquence harmonique pertinente afin de neutraliser le flux magnétique harmonique embrassé, ce qui conduit le courant harmonique à retourner à proximité de la charge au travers de l'enroulement série et empêche le courant harmonique de traverser l'entrefer dans le réseau de puissance primaire, en effectuant en conséquence une récupération radicale sur l'harmonique à partir du noyau. Elle empêche également le courant harmonique et le flux magnétique harmonique d'endommager le transformateur lorsqu'on prend le blindage contre les harmoniques et qu'on l'isole par rapport au réseau de puissance primaire.
PCT/CN2005/000542 2005-04-05 2005-04-20 Transformateurs de convertisseurs avec compensation de couplage automatique et blindage contre les harmoniques WO2006105693A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200510031421.1 2005-04-05
CN 200510031421 CN1665112A (zh) 2005-04-05 2005-04-05 自耦补偿与谐波屏蔽换流变压器

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CN109239484A (zh) * 2018-07-28 2019-01-18 中国南方电网有限责任公司 一种换流变压器等效模型试验方法
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CN112992500B (zh) * 2021-03-22 2022-11-01 保定天威保变电气股份有限公司 三角形联结的移相变压器
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