WO2006103832A1 - 半導体ウエーハのドーパント汚染の評価方法 - Google Patents
半導体ウエーハのドーパント汚染の評価方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006103832A1 WO2006103832A1 PCT/JP2006/301962 JP2006301962W WO2006103832A1 WO 2006103832 A1 WO2006103832 A1 WO 2006103832A1 JP 2006301962 W JP2006301962 W JP 2006301962W WO 2006103832 A1 WO2006103832 A1 WO 2006103832A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor wafer
- resistivity
- dopant
- contamination
- measured
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/10—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process
- H01L22/14—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process for electrical parameters, e.g. resistance, deep-levels, CV, diffusions by electrical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for evaluating contamination of semiconductor wafers by dopants.
- the dopant here is intentionally added to control the carrier concentration in the semiconductor wafer and to control its resistivity.
- boron (B) is mainly used as a dopant when the conductivity type is p-type
- phosphorus (P) is mainly used as a dopant when n-type in order to control the carrier concentration in silicon wafers.
- the Semiconductor wafer manufacturers adjust the amount of dopant added so that the silicon wafer to be produced has a desired carrier concentration or resistance value when, for example, growing a silicon single crystal as a silicon wafer material. Manufacture and manufacture silicon wafers.
- a semiconductor device manufacturer sets a standard such as a resistivity of 8 to 12 ⁇ 'cm, and a semiconductor wafer that satisfies the standard is delivered in a box. Therefore, the resistivity of the semiconductor wafers in the delivered box varies within the standard (within the range of 8 to 12 ⁇ 'cm).
- Semiconductor device manufacturers manufacture semiconductor devices by introducing silicon wafers having different resistivities within the standard to the semiconductor device manufacturing process.
- the atmosphere in the heat treatment furnace is equal to the heat treatment furnace power.
- Unnecessary contaminating dopants such as boron and phosphorus are mixed into the semiconductor wafer and the semiconductor wafer is contaminated and the carrier concentration is increased. May change.
- Such dopant contamination leads to a decrease in semiconductor device manufacturing yield and quality. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate and manage dopant contamination in the semiconductor wafer manufacturing process and the semiconductor device manufacturing process.
- SIMS is a method in which the surface of a cut chip is bombarded with primary ions, the surface material is sputtered, and analyzed by a mass spectrometer. Thus, first, the distribution of the dopant concentration in the depth direction of the semiconductor wafer is obtained, and then the value of the dopant concentration of the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer and the value of the dopant concentration of the butter portion are determined from the concentration distribution. The difference is obtained, and the amount of dopant contamination in the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer is obtained from the difference.
- this method is a destructive evaluation in which a chip is cut out and measured from a semiconductor ueno, and only a portion of the cut chip can be measured. I could't get an in-plane map.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and it is a semiconductor wafer that can determine the amount of dopant contamination in the entire surface layer of the semiconductor wafer in a non-contact, non-destructive manner and with a precise force.
- An object is to provide a method for evaluating dopant contamination.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a method for evaluating dopant contamination of a semiconductor wafer, wherein the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer is measured by an eddy current method.
- the surface resistivity of the wafer is measured by the surface photovoltage method, and the vortex Evaluation of dopant contamination of a semiconductor wafer, characterized in that the amount of dopant contamination of the semiconductor wafer is obtained from the difference between the resistivity value of the Balta section measured by the current method and the resistivity value of the surface layer measured by the surface photovoltage method.
- the resistivity of the bulk portion of the semiconductor wafer is measured by an eddy current method.
- the force S for measuring the resistivity of the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer by the surface photovoltage method which can also accurately measure the resistivity of the surface layer. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an accurate amount of dopant contamination from the difference between the resistivity value of the Balta section measured by the eddy current method and the resistivity value of the surface layer measured by the surface photovoltage method.
- the measurement by the eddy current method and the surface photovoltage method can be performed on the semiconductor wafer after the heat treatment.
- the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer after the heat treatment may be contaminated by an atmosphere in the heat treatment furnace or a dopant from the heat treatment furnace or the like.
- the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer wafer is measured by the eddy current method, so whether or not the wafer surface is contaminated with dopant. It is possible to accurately measure the resistivity of the wafer's Balta section. Therefore, according to the present invention, the amount of dopant contamination can be accurately obtained even for a semiconductor wafer after heat treatment.
- the measurement by the eddy current method can be performed on a semiconductor wafer before heat treatment, and the measurement by the surface photovoltage method can be performed on a semiconductor wafer after heat treatment.
- the contamination is evaluated.
- the valence dopant can be at least one of P, B, Al, Ga, In, Sb, As.
- the semiconductor wafer for evaluating the dopant contamination can be a silicon wafer.
- the carrier concentration may change and the resistivity may change greatly even if only a small amount of dopant is mixed in, so it is particularly important to accurately evaluate and manage the dopant contamination. It is.
- the present invention is a particularly suitable method for evaluating the dopant contamination of such silicon wafers.
- a map showing the dopant contamination distribution of the semiconductor wafer surface layer can be created from the obtained semiconductor wafer dopant contamination amount.
- the surface photovoltage method it is possible to measure the resistivity in a wide area within the wafer plane. Therefore, by measuring the resistivity of the surface layer over the entire wafer surface by the method of the present invention, it is possible to create a map showing the dopant contamination distribution of the entire semiconductor wafer surface layer using the measurement result. If the map showing the contamination distribution created in this way is used, the dopant contamination can be easily evaluated for the entire semiconductor wafer surface layer.
- the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer is measured by the eddy current method
- the resistivity of the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer is measured by the surface photovoltage method
- the eddy current is measured.
- the amount of dopant contamination of the semiconductor wafer is obtained from the difference between the resistivity value of the Balta portion measured by the current method and the resistivity value of the surface layer measured by the surface photovoltage method. For this reason, it is possible to determine the amount of dopant contamination of the entire surface of the semiconductor wafer in a non-contact and non-destructive manner, and the force can be accurately and quickly determined.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a dopant contamination evaluation method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the resistivity of the surface layer of silicon wafer after heat treatment and the amount of contamination by n-type dopants.
- FIG. 4 Graph showing the relationship between resistivity before contamination of silicon wafer and resistivity of surface layer after contamination.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the phosphorus concentration distribution of silicon wafers (samples 1, 2).
- FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the amount of n-type dopant contamination of each sample (samples 1 and 2) in FIG. 5 with the surface photovoltage method and the method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a map showing a dopant contamination distribution.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing measurement points of the distribution of phosphorus concentration in FIG.
- the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer surface layer is measured by the surface photovoltage method.
- the resistivity distribution of the semiconductor wafer surface layer can be measured quickly without contact and without destruction.
- this method can only measure the resistivity of the surface layer. Therefore, in order to evaluate the dopant contamination of the semiconductor wafer by the surface photovoltage method, for example, the resistivity at the center of the wafer in the obtained resistivity distribution in the wafer surface is the resistivity of the wafer as a substrate. Therefore, there is no choice but to make a relative evaluation such as evaluating dopant contamination from the difference from this resistivity.
- the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer wafer is measured by the eddy current method, the resistivity of the wafer part can be accurately measured even if the surface layer is contaminated with dopant.
- the eddy current method By finding this and combining this eddy current method with the surface photovoltage method, non-contact, non-destructive, non-contact, non-destructive, simple and positive methods can be used.
- the present invention was completed by conceiving that it can be measured accurately.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for evaluating dopant contamination of a semiconductor wafer according to the present invention.
- the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer is measured by the eddy current method, and the resistivity of the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer is measured by the surface photovoltage method.
- the amount of dopant contamination in the semiconductor wafer is calculated from the difference between the resistivity value of the Balta section measured by the eddy current method and the resistivity value of the surface layer measured by the surface photovoltage method. Ask for.
- the resistivity of the Balta portion is the resistivity of the original semiconductor wafer, and indicates the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer before contamination. If the resistivity of the surface layer is contaminated by heat treatment or the like, what is the Balta portion? Different resistivity is shown. Therefore, the amount of dopant contamination can be determined from the difference in the measured resistivity values.
- a silicon wafer having a resistivity (balta part resistivity) force ⁇ ′ cm before contamination is heat-treated, and the surface layer of the heat-treated silicon wafer is described. If the resistivity of the surface layer after heat treatment (resistivity after contamination) is as high as 15 ⁇ 'cm when the resistivity is measured, it is contaminated with n-type dopant, and the amount of dopant contamination is 8el4atoms / cm (8 X 10 atoms / cm).
- the amount of n-type dopant contamination obtained by the above calculation method is, for example, 10 ⁇ for silicon wafers with a resistivity of 8 ⁇ ′cm before contamination.
- the surface resistivity (resistivity after contamination) is 15 Omega after heat treatment' if cm, and the place should be 8el4 atoms / cm 3, and practice 4el4 atoms / cm 3
- This error is large when trying to manage the dopant contamination at a low concentration of, for example, lel4 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the silicon wafers that are delivered have different specifications within the standard, for example, 8 to 12 ⁇ 'cm. Therefore, there is a possibility that the calculation accuracy of the dopant contamination amount is bad.
- the resistivity of the contaminated portion varies greatly depending on the resistivity before contamination (see FIG. 4).
- the horizontal axis represents the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer before contamination
- the vertical axis represents the surface layer after contamination. Is the resistivity.
- the resistivity of the surface layer of the contaminated part is different when the resistivity before contamination is 8 ⁇ 'cm or 10 ⁇ ' cm. Vastly different.
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 were created using Irbin's formula (see ASTM F723).
- the eddy current method is used for measuring the resistivity of the Balta portion.
- This eddy current method proved to be a non-contact, non-destructive method for accurately measuring the resistivity of the semiconductor wafer wafer even if the surface layer is contaminated with dopant.
- the eddy current method is a method for measuring resistivity by eddy current in a non-contact manner.
- the sheet conductivity ⁇ w of the semiconductor wafer when an air-core coil is used and the eddy current
- the relationship of the detection voltage ⁇ is given by the following equation.
- V ⁇ ⁇ wf n n I ak ⁇
- f is the excitation frequency
- n n is the number of coils
- I is the current flowing in the excitation coil
- ka is the number of coils
- the coefficient, a is the coil radius.
- Fig. 2 shows that the silicon wafer after the heat treatment is subjected to an eddy current method (measuring device 1: manufactured by Kobelco, measuring device 3: manufactured by ADE) and other methods (measuring device 4: CV method, measuring device).
- 5: SR method is a graph comparing the results of resistivity measurements.
- pre-resistivity silicon ⁇ er Ha four-probe method (measurement device 2: Nap SO n, Inc.) was determined by.
- the silicon wafer was heat-treated. During this heat treatment, the surface layer of the silicon wafer was contaminated by the dopant.
- the resistivity of the heat-treated wafer was measured by the eddy current method (measuring devices 1, 3) and other methods (measuring devices 4, 5).
- the surface layer 6 / zm of the silicon wafer was removed by etching.
- the resistivity of the silicon wafer from which the surface layer was removed was measured again by the four-probe method. Measured by the four-point probe method after this surface etching. The result is the true resistivity of the Balta part of the silicon wafer after heat treatment. This value completely coincided with the resistivity measured on the wafer surface by the four-point probe method before the heat treatment.
- the vertical axis represents the resistivity when the silicon wafer after heat treatment was measured by the eddy current method and other methods
- the horizontal axis represents the four silicon wafers after removing the surface layer.
- This is the resistivity measured by the probe method.
- the resistivity of the Balta section is consistent with the original wafer resistivity as described above.
- the resistivity of the Balta part can be measured with the semiconductor wafer after the heat treatment by the eddy current method.
- the surface photovoltage method is used for measuring the resistivity of the surface layer.
- This surface photovoltage method is a noncontact, nondestructive method that can accurately measure the resistivity and distribution of the surface layer of a semiconductor wafer.
- the measurement principle of the surface photovoltage method is as follows.
- the wafer surface in thermal equilibrium is irradiated with light (h V) exceeding the Si bandgap energy on the sample surface, excess carriers are generated at a penetration depth corresponding to the wavelength of the irradiated light.
- the generated electrons move to the surface side, and the holes move to the edge of the depletion layer.
- the generated minority carriers (electrons e in P-type semiconductors) change the surface barrier height by ⁇ VS.
- This potential ⁇ VS is called the SPV value.
- the depletion layer width Wd can be calculated according to the following equation (1).
- the carrier concentration NS [2 ⁇ S kTln (NS / ni) / q 2 NS] 1/2 ⁇ (2)
- k is the Boltzmann constant
- T is the absolute temperature
- ni is the intrinsic free carrier concentration.
- the carrier concentration force can also be converted into resistivity using the Abin equation (see ASTM F723).
- the surface photovoltage method is a method that can accurately measure the resistivity of the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer.
- the dopant is determined only from the resistivity measured by the surface photovoltage method. Even if the amount of contamination is determined, it cannot be measured accurately.
- the surface photovoltage method can only measure the resistivity of the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer, so when determining the amount of dopant contamination only by the surface photovoltage method, for example, the resistivity of the surface layer at the center of the wafer is regarded as the resistivity of the balta portion.
- the amount of dopant contamination is determined from the difference between this and the resistivity of the contaminated part of the surface layer. Therefore, it is assumed that the surface layer in the center of Waha is contaminated with dopant.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the phosphorus concentration distribution of the silicon wafer after heat treatment.
- Two samples (Fig. 5 (a): Sample 1, Fig. 5 (b): Sample 2) were prepared using SIMS to measure the phosphor concentration from the surface to a depth of 7 m and using the measurement results.
- the measurement points are the central part A and the outer peripheral part B of the wafer 10 as shown in FIG.
- Figure 6 shows the amount of phosphorus contamination in each sample (samples 1 and 2) in Fig. 5 obtained only by the surface photovoltage method (the resistivity of the surface layer in the center of wafer and the resistivity of the surface layer in the contaminated area). And the amount of contamination determined by the method of the present invention (the resistivity of the Balta part of Samples 1 and 2 is obtained by the eddy current method, and the difference between this and the value by the surface photovoltage method is used as the contamination amount) It is a graph compared with The left side of each bar graph is based only on the surface photovoltage method, and the right side is the method of the present invention. [0038] In Fig.
- the phosphorus concentration in the surface layer of the wafer center is about 1.1 X 10 14 atoms Zcm 3 and is hardly contaminated with dopant, and the surface layer in the outer periphery of the wafer
- the phosphorus concentration of is about 7 ⁇ 10 14 atoms / cm 3 .
- the phosphorus concentration in the surface layer in the center of the wafer is about 7 X 10 14 atoms / cm 3 and is contaminated with the dopant
- the phosphorus concentration in the surface layer in the outer periphery of the wafer is About 1.1 X 10 15 atoms / cm 3, which is also very contaminated.
- sample 1 and sample 2 have almost the same amount of dopant contamination. This is because the difference between the resistivity of the surface layer in the center of the wafer and the resistivity of the surface layer in the contaminated area is almost the same between sample 1 and sample 2. Thus, when the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer center is contaminated, the amount of dopant contamination cannot be accurately measured only by the surface photovoltage method. On the other hand, as can be seen from FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, according to the method of the present invention, the amount of dopant contamination can be accurately obtained.
- the semiconductor wafer after measurement can be used as a product as it is, or it can be used for another inspection.
- the eddy current method as described above, even if the semiconductor wafer has a contaminated surface layer, the resistivity of the nodal portion can be accurately measured. Therefore, measurement by the eddy current method and measurement by the surface photovoltage method can be performed on the semiconductor wafer after the heat treatment. At this time, the measurement by the eddy current method may be performed first, and then the measurement by the surface photovoltage method may be performed, or conversely, the measurement by the surface photovoltage method may be performed first, and then the willow by the eddy current method. May be performed.
- eddy current measurement may be performed on the semiconductor wafer before heat treatment
- surface photovoltage measurement may be performed on the semiconductor wafer after heat treatment.
- a map showing the dopant contamination distribution on the surface layer of the semiconductor wafer can be created from the obtained dopant contamination amount of the semiconductor wafer.
- FIG. 7 A map showing the dopant contamination distribution thus created is shown in FIG. The greater the amount of contamination, the darker the color. From Fig. 7, it can be seen that the amount of dopant contamination is greater in the peripheral area than in the central area, which is uniform throughout the wafer. By visualizing the contamination distribution in this way, it becomes easy to evaluate the dopant contamination of the semiconductor wafer.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has the same configuration as the technical idea described in the scope of claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present embodiment. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- semiconductors such as B, Al, Ga, In, P, Sb, As, etc., as long as the resistivity changes mainly due to the power contamination described with respect to phosphorus contamination of silicon wafers It can also be applied when evaluating contamination by dopants commonly used in wafers.
- the semiconductor wafer used for evaluation is a compound semiconductor wafer such as GaAs.
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP06713105.2A EP1863076B1 (en) | 2005-03-25 | 2006-02-06 | Method for evaluating semiconductor wafer dopant contamination |
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JP2005089246A JP4353121B2 (ja) | 2005-03-25 | 2005-03-25 | 半導体ウエーハのドーパント汚染の評価方法 |
JP2005-089246 | 2005-03-25 |
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WO2006103832A1 true WO2006103832A1 (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
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US (1) | US7622312B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1863076B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4353121B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101175128B1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI397968B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006103832A1 (ja) |
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JP4765949B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-29 | 2011-09-07 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 半導体基板のp汚染評価方法 |
JP6063616B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-21 | 2017-01-18 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコン試料の分析方法 |
CN111477560B (zh) * | 2020-05-14 | 2023-03-03 | 包头美科硅能源有限公司 | 太阳能电池用镓、硼掺杂单晶硅棒区分的快速检测方法 |
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JPS6412277A (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-01-17 | Suzuki Motor Co | Specific resistance measuring apparatus |
JP2004055935A (ja) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-02-19 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 交流表面光電圧計測装置及びそれを用いた半導体表面の非破壊不純物汚染濃度測定方法 |
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JP3767116B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-12 | 2006-04-19 | 信越半導体株式会社 | シリコンウエーハ表層の重金属汚染評価方法 |
TW390963B (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 2000-05-21 | Shinetsu Handotai Kk | Method and apparatus for detecting heavy metals in silicon wafer bulk withhigh sensitivity |
US6303396B1 (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-10-16 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Substrate removal as a function of resistance at the back side of a semiconductor device |
US6489776B1 (en) * | 1999-11-02 | 2002-12-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Non-contact mechanical resonance method for determining the near surface carrier mobility in conductors |
JP3556549B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-10 | 2004-08-18 | シャープ株式会社 | シート抵抗測定器および電子部品製造方法 |
WO2001086698A2 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-15 | Kla-Tencor, Inc. | Method and system for detecting metal contamination on a semiconductor wafer |
US6878038B2 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2005-04-12 | Applied Materials Inc. | Combined eddy current sensing and optical monitoring for chemical mechanical polishing |
US7106425B1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2006-09-12 | Kla-Tencor Technologies Corp. | Methods and systems for determining a presence of defects and a thin film characteristic of a specimen |
JP3893608B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-21 | 2007-03-14 | 信越半導体株式会社 | アニールウェーハの製造方法 |
JP3736749B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-12 | 2006-01-18 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 半導体ウェーハの抵抗率測定方法 |
US6884634B2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2005-04-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Specifying method for Cu contamination processes and detecting method for Cu contamination during reclamation of silicon wafers, and reclamation method of silicon wafers |
JP2004207601A (ja) | 2002-12-26 | 2004-07-22 | Sumitomo Mitsubishi Silicon Corp | シリコンウェーハの熱処理方法 |
WO2005022135A1 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2005-03-10 | Prussin Simon A | In situ determination of resistivity, mobility and dopant concentration profiles |
JP4416566B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-26 | 2010-02-17 | Sumco Techxiv株式会社 | 不純物金属濃度測定の方法 |
US7030633B1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-04-18 | Chunong Qiu | Four-terminal methods for resistivity measurement of semiconducting materials |
-
2005
- 2005-03-25 JP JP2005089246A patent/JP4353121B2/ja active Active
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2006
- 2006-02-06 WO PCT/JP2006/301962 patent/WO2006103832A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-06 EP EP06713105.2A patent/EP1863076B1/en active Active
- 2006-02-06 US US11/886,059 patent/US7622312B2/en active Active
- 2006-02-06 KR KR1020077021481A patent/KR101175128B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2006-02-09 TW TW095104451A patent/TWI397968B/zh active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6412277A (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-01-17 | Suzuki Motor Co | Specific resistance measuring apparatus |
JP2004055935A (ja) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-02-19 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 交流表面光電圧計測装置及びそれを用いた半導体表面の非破壊不純物汚染濃度測定方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See also references of EP1863076A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4353121B2 (ja) | 2009-10-28 |
TW200707611A (en) | 2007-02-16 |
US20080108155A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
EP1863076B1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
TWI397968B (zh) | 2013-06-01 |
KR20080002765A (ko) | 2008-01-04 |
US7622312B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 |
EP1863076A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
KR101175128B1 (ko) | 2012-08-20 |
JP2006269962A (ja) | 2006-10-05 |
EP1863076A4 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
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