WO2006100691A2 - A process for the preparation of 6-o-methyl erythromycin a derivative - Google Patents
A process for the preparation of 6-o-methyl erythromycin a derivative Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006100691A2 WO2006100691A2 PCT/IN2006/000095 IN2006000095W WO2006100691A2 WO 2006100691 A2 WO2006100691 A2 WO 2006100691A2 IN 2006000095 W IN2006000095 W IN 2006000095W WO 2006100691 A2 WO2006100691 A2 WO 2006100691A2
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- process according
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- erythromycin
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- 0 CC[C@]([C@](C)([C@@]([C@@](*)C([C@](C)C[C@@](C)(*)[C@@]([C@@]([C@@]([C@]1C)OC(CC2(C)*)OC(C)C2O)C=C)O[C@@](C2O)OC(C)CC2N(C)C)=O)O)O)OC1=O Chemical compound CC[C@]([C@](C)([C@@]([C@@](*)C([C@](C)C[C@@](C)(*)[C@@]([C@@]([C@@]([C@]1C)OC(CC2(C)*)OC(C)C2O)C=C)O[C@@](C2O)OC(C)CC2N(C)C)=O)O)O)OC1=O 0.000 description 2
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 6-0- methyl erythromycin A derivatives, intermediates of clarithromycin, by selective methylation of erythromycin A derivative in a mixture of acyclic or cyclic alkanes having C 6 - Ci 0 carbon atoms, such as hexanes, heptanes, cyclohexane and a polar aprotic solvent using a methylating agent in the presence of a base under mild conditions.
- Clarithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic related to erythromycin A. It exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic bacteria etc. Clarithromycin is efficacious when administered orally.
- Clarithromycin has been first disclosed in US Patent 4,331,803. Thereafter several other approaches for preparing 6-(9-methyl erythromycin A have been published in literature. One of the most effective approaches involves the following steps: (a) protecting the 9-oxo group with a substituted oxime group; (b) protecting the hydroxyl group at positions 2' and 4" (c) methylating the hydroxyl group at position 6 to give a protected clarithromycin oxime derivative and (d) removing the protecting group at 2', 4" and 9 positions.
- the critical step in the synthesis of clarithromycin is the third step (c), which involves the selective methylation of 6-hydroxy position of erythromycin A of formula II,
- R is hydrogen atom or a substituent group such as a lower alkyl group, which is substituted or unsubstituted, an aryl substituted methyl group, a substituted oxyalkyl group, or a thioalkyl group;
- Ri is 2 ' ,4" -bistrimethyls ⁇ lyl, 2 - carbobenzyloxy, 3 '-dicarbobenzyloxy or other hydroxyl protecting group.
- US Patent 4,331,803 discloses a process for methylation of hydroxyl group at 6- position of erythromycin with a methylating agent in the presence of a base and a polar solvent.
- US Patent 4,679,109 discloses selective methylation at 6-position using a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulphoxide, A ⁇ N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide or a mixture thereof and a mixture consisting of these solvents and tetrahydrofuran.
- a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulphoxide, A ⁇ N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide or a mixture thereof and a mixture consisting of these solvents and tetrahydrofuran.
- methylation quenching is effected using dimethylamine solution and extractions with hexane.
- the major drawback of this process is from commercial point of view because recovery of tetrahydrofuran is very difficult as it distributes almost equally among both aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide and hexane layers.
- US Patent 5,719,272 discloses a process for methylation wherein presence of methyl-t- butyl ether is recommended alongwith polar aprotic solvents
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 6-(9-methyl erythromycin A derivative which comprises the selective methylation of erythromycin A derivative with a methylating agent in a mixture of acyclic or cyclic alkanes having C 6 - CiQ carbon atoms, such as hexanes, heptanes, cyclohexane and the like and a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base, under mild conditions.
- 6-O-methylated erythromycin A oxime derivative is used in the preparation of clarithromycin of high purity and yield.
- the present invention relates to preparation of 6-Omethyl erythromycin A derivative by selective methylation of 6-position of erythromycin A derivative.
- Erythromycin A derivative means erythromycin A having no substituent group or having conventional substituent groups in place of hydrogen atoms at position 2' and 4" hydroxyl groups, including 2', 4" bistrimethylsilyl, 2'-carbobenzyloxy or 3'-dicarbobenzyloxy.
- Erythromycin A derivatives are prepared by the methods known in prior art. Specifically methylation of erythromycin A derivative is carried out in a mixture of acyclic or cyclic alkanes having C 6 -Ci O carbon atoms, such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and the like and a polar aprotic solvent.
- the polar aprotic solvent can be selected from ⁇ iV-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ iV-dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, hexamethylphosphoric triamide and the like.
- the methylating agent used is a common methylating agents known in art such as methyliodide, methyl bromide, methyl chloride dimethylsulfate, methyl /?-toluene sulphonate, methyl methane sulphonate and the like.
- the base usually used is metal hydroxides and metal hydrides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like.
- acyclic or cyclic alkane preferably cyclohexane with a polar aprotic solvent because using alkanes the reaction mixture is biphasic and most of the impurities remain in dimethyl sulphoxide layer leading to pure product.
- the ratio of alkane and a polar aprotic solvent can be selected from 1 :0.5 to 1 :5 and preferably 1 :1 is used.
- the reaction is preferably carried out between 15° to 6O 0 C and most preferably between 18-3O 0 C. It is advantageous to carry out the reaction at around ambient temperature as at higher temperature formation of undesired side-products are more and at low temperature, rate of reaction is slow and sometimes, reaction is incomplete and further putting burden of cooling on equipment.
- the reaction is generally carried out between '/2-2 hr under mild conditions and preferably completed within 1 hour.
- the completion of reaction is monitored by high performance liquid chromatography.
- the reaction mixture is diluted with dimethylamine solution and water. Thereafter organic layer is separated and the desired methylated compound is isolated by distillation of solvent. Solvent is recovered quantitatively and recycled. Further the 6-Omethylated derivative is deprotected and clarithromycin is prepared in high yield and high purity.
- the methylated compound obtained in the above step was dissolved in 600 ml of ethanol/ water (1:1). To this solution 260 g of sodium hydrogen sulphite and 23 g of 98% formic acid were added and the reaction mixture was refluxed for three hours. Thereafter the reaction mixture was diluted with 200 ml of water and the pH was adjusted to 10.2 using aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25-35° C for one hour. The product which precipitated out was filtered, washed with water and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain 56g of title compound having purity 98.5%by HPLC.
Abstract
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 6-O-methylerythromycin A derivatives, intermediates of clarithromycin, by selective methylation of erythromycin A derivative in a mixture of a acyclic or cyclic alkanes having C6-C10 carbon atoms, and a polar aprotic solvent using a methylating agent in the presence of a base under mild conditions.
Description
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 6-0-METHYL ERYTHROMYCIN A DERIVATIVE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 6-0- methyl erythromycin A derivatives, intermediates of clarithromycin, by selective methylation of erythromycin A derivative in a mixture of acyclic or cyclic alkanes having C6- Ci0 carbon atoms, such as hexanes, heptanes, cyclohexane and a polar aprotic solvent using a methylating agent in the presence of a base under mild conditions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
6-(9-methyl erythromycin (Clarithromycin) of formula I,
Formula I
Clarithromycin has been first disclosed in US Patent 4,331,803. Thereafter several other approaches for preparing 6-(9-methyl erythromycin A have been published in literature. One of the most effective approaches involves the following steps: (a) protecting the 9-oxo group with a substituted oxime group; (b) protecting the hydroxyl group at positions 2' and 4" (c) methylating the hydroxyl group at position 6 to give a protected clarithromycin oxime derivative and (d) removing the protecting group at 2', 4" and 9 positions. The critical step in the synthesis of clarithromycin is the third step (c), which involves the selective methylation of 6-hydroxy position of erythromycin A of formula II,
Formula II
wherein R is hydrogen atom or a substituent group such as a lower alkyl group, which is substituted or unsubstituted, an aryl substituted methyl group, a substituted oxyalkyl group, or a thioalkyl group; Ri is 2 ' ,4" -bistrimethylsϊlyl, 2 - carbobenzyloxy, 3 '-dicarbobenzyloxy or other hydroxyl protecting group.
US Patent 4,331,803 discloses a process for methylation of hydroxyl group at 6- position of erythromycin with a methylating agent in the presence of a base and a polar solvent. However, using the specified reaction conditions, the other hydroxyl groups are also methylated along with the 6-OH group and hence, extra purifications are required to get the product of required quality and therefore, yields are less. US Patent 4,679,109 discloses selective methylation at 6-position using a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulphoxide, AζN-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide or a mixture thereof and a mixture consisting of these solvents and tetrahydrofuran. In the exemplified process after methylation quenching is effected using dimethylamine solution and extractions with hexane. The major drawback of this process is from commercial point of view because recovery of tetrahydrofuran is very difficult as it distributes almost equally among both aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide and hexane layers.
US Patent 5,719,272 discloses a process for methylation wherein presence of methyl-t- butyl ether is recommended alongwith polar aprotic solvents
Recently, a US application US 2004/0010128 A, describes a process for selective methylation of hydroxy group at 6-poisition of erythromycin A derivative by methylating the erythromycin A derivative with a methylating agent in a mixture of toluene and a polar aprotic solvent in presence of a.base at 5-15°C.
The common and major drawbacks of most of the processes described above are low yield and low purity. The desired product is always contaminated with other methylated hydroxyl compounds and extra purifications are required to obtain the product of required quality.
In view of the above, there is an urgent need to develop a simple, cost-effective and environmentally friendly process for the selective methylation of 6-hydroxy of erythromycin A, which is easy to operate on an industrial scale.
Accordingly, a simple method for selective methylation is provided for the preparation of 6-O-methyl erythromycin A derivative and using the resulting derivative, clarithromycin is obtained in high yield and high purity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 6-(9-methyl erythromycin A derivative which comprises the selective methylation of erythromycin A derivative with a methylating agent in a mixture of acyclic or cyclic alkanes having C6- CiQ carbon atoms, such as hexanes, heptanes, cyclohexane and the like and a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base, under mild conditions.
More particularly, the above 6-O-methylated erythromycin A oxime derivative is used in the preparation of clarithromycin of high purity and yield.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to preparation of 6-Omethyl erythromycin A derivative by selective methylation of 6-position of erythromycin A derivative. Erythromycin A derivative means erythromycin A having no substituent group or having conventional substituent groups in place of hydrogen atoms at position 2' and 4" hydroxyl groups, including 2', 4" bistrimethylsilyl, 2'-carbobenzyloxy or 3'-dicarbobenzyloxy. Further erythromycin A derivative include erythromycin A 9 oximes having at the 9-position the general formula,
RON =C \ wherein R is hydrogen atom or a substituent group such as lower alkyl group, which is substituted or unsubstituted, an aryl substituted methyl group, a substituted oxyalkyl group, or a thioalkyl group.
Erythromycin A derivatives are prepared by the methods known in prior art. Specifically methylation of erythromycin A derivative is carried out in a mixture of acyclic or cyclic alkanes having C6-CiO carbon atoms, such as hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and the like and a polar aprotic solvent. The polar aprotic solvent can be selected from ΛζiV-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, ΛζiV-dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, hexamethylphosphoric triamide and the like.
The methylating agent used is a common methylating agents known in art such as methyliodide, methyl bromide, methyl chloride dimethylsulfate, methyl /?-toluene sulphonate, methyl methane sulphonate and the like.
The base usually used is metal hydroxides and metal hydrides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride and the like.
It is advantageous to use acyclic or cyclic alkane, preferably cyclohexane with a polar aprotic solvent because using alkanes the reaction mixture is biphasic and most of the impurities remain in dimethyl sulphoxide layer leading to pure product. The ratio of alkane and a polar aprotic solvent can be selected from 1 :0.5 to 1 :5 and preferably 1 :1 is used. The reaction is preferably carried out between 15° to 6O0C and most preferably between 18-3O0C. It is advantageous to carry out the reaction at around ambient temperature as at higher temperature formation of undesired side-products are more
and at low temperature, rate of reaction is slow and sometimes, reaction is incomplete and further putting burden of cooling on equipment.
The reaction is generally carried out between '/2-2 hr under mild conditions and preferably completed within 1 hour. The completion of reaction is monitored by high performance liquid chromatography. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture is diluted with dimethylamine solution and water. Thereafter organic layer is separated and the desired methylated compound is isolated by distillation of solvent. Solvent is recovered quantitatively and recycled. Further the 6-Omethylated derivative is deprotected and clarithromycin is prepared in high yield and high purity. The major advantages realized in the present invention are:
• Use of alkanes preferably cyclohexane leading to selective methylation of erythromycin A derivative under mild conditions, therefore industrially and environmentally friendly.
• Clarithromycin obtained from this intermediate is in high yield and purity.
• Easier separation of layers due to biphasic nature of reaction mixture, thus handing is easy.
• Solvent is recovered almost quantitatively.
Now the example will illustrate the process of this invention, which is not intended in anyway to limit the scope of the invention.
Example I
Preparation of 2\4"-O-(TrimethvIsiIyl)erythromycin A 9-[O-(l-methoxy-l- methylethvDoximel
To a solution of erythromycin oxime of formula II (R and Ri = hydrogen; 100 g) in methylene chloride (350 ml), 2-methoxy propene (25 g) and pyridine hydrobromide (26 g) were added at 50C and further stirred at 20-250C for 3-V2 h. To this
hexamethyldisilazane (26 g) was added at 150C and stirred for 2 h after which 180 ml of 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (1x100 ml). The organic layers were combined and washed with water (2x200 ml). Methylene chloride was completely distilled off to obtain the residue.
Preparation of 2\ 4"-O-Bis(trimethylsiIyl)-6-O-methylerythromvcin A 9-[Q-(I- methoxy-l-methylethvDoxime
To the above residue, cyclohexane (1600 ml) was added to get a clear solution. To this dimethylsulfoxide (1600 ml) was added at 20-250C. Methyl iodide (56 g) followed by powdered potassium hydroxide (36 g) were added and stirred for 30 min to 60 min. To the reaction mixture dimethyl amine (39.6 g) and water (650 ml) were added and stirred for 1A h. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was further extracted with cyclohexane (650 ml). The organic layers were combined, washed with water (2x500 ml) and solvent was removed to get the title compound.
Preparation of Clarithromycin
The methylated compound obtained in the above step was dissolved in 600 ml of ethanol/ water (1:1). To this solution 260 g of sodium hydrogen sulphite and 23 g of 98% formic acid were added and the reaction mixture was refluxed for three hours. Thereafter the reaction mixture was diluted with 200 ml of water and the pH was adjusted to 10.2 using aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25-35° C for one hour. The product which precipitated out was filtered, washed with water and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain 56g of title compound having purity 98.5%by HPLC.
Claims
im:
A process for the preparation of 6-O-methylerythromycin A derivative which comprises the selective methylation of erythromycin A derivative of formula π,
Formula II
wherein R is hydrogen atom or a substituent group such as a lower alkyl group, which is substituted or unsubstituted, an aryl substituted methyl group, a substituted oxyalkyl group, or a thioalkyl group; R; is 2 ',4 "-bistrimethylsilyl, 2 '— carbobenzyloxy, 3 '—dicarbobenzyloxy or other hydroxyl protecting group.
with a methylating agent in a mixture of a acyclic or cyclic alkane having C6- Cio carbon atoms, and a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a base, under mild conditions.
The process according to claim 1, wherein the acyclic or cyclic alkane is selected from hexanes, heptanes and cyclohexane containing C6-Ci0 carbon atoms.
The process according to claim 1, wherein acyclic or cyclic alkane is cyclohexane.
The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is conducted at temperature between 12 to 60°C.
The process according to claim 2, wherein the reaction is conducted at temperature between 15 to 3O0C.
The process according to claim 1, wherein the methylating agent is methyl iodide, methyl bromide, methyl chloride and dimethyl sulphate.
The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polar aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of iV,iV-dimethylformamide, iV,iV-dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane and hexamethyl phosphoric triamide
The process according to claim 7, wherein the polar aprotic solvent is dimethyl sulphoxide.
The process according to claim 1, wherein the base is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride or potassium hydride.
The process according to claim 9, wherein the base is potassium hydroxide.
The process according to claim 1, wherein 6-O-methylerythromycin A derivative is converted to clarithromycin of formula I,
Formula I
wing conventional methods.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX2007011562A MX2007011562A (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-03-20 | A process for the preparation of 6-o-methyl erythromycin a derivative. |
| IL186174A IL186174A0 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2007-09-23 | A process for the preparation of 6-0-methyl erythromycin a derivative |
| IL186185A IL186185A0 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2007-09-23 | A process for the preparation of 6-0-methyl erythromycin a derivative |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN634/DEL/2005 | 2005-03-23 | ||
| IN634DE2005 | 2005-03-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006100691A2 true WO2006100691A2 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
| WO2006100691A3 WO2006100691A3 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IN2006/000095 WO2006100691A2 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-03-20 | A process for the preparation of 6-o-methyl erythromycin a derivative |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101146815A (en) |
| IL (2) | IL186185A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2007011562A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006100691A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010122571A2 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-10-28 | Elder Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | A process for the selective methylation of erythromycin a derivatives. |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106905204B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2018-07-20 | 杭州新桂实业有限公司 | A kind of recovery method of methylation reaction solvent in clarithromycin building-up process |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6437106B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2002-08-20 | Abbott Laboratories | Process for preparing 6-o-substituted erythromycin derivatives |
-
2006
- 2006-03-20 MX MX2007011562A patent/MX2007011562A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-20 WO PCT/IN2006/000095 patent/WO2006100691A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-20 CN CNA2006800095128A patent/CN101146815A/en active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-09-23 IL IL186185A patent/IL186185A0/en unknown
- 2007-09-23 IL IL186174A patent/IL186174A0/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6437106B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2002-08-20 | Abbott Laboratories | Process for preparing 6-o-substituted erythromycin derivatives |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| WATANABE Y. ET AL.: 'Chemical Modification of Erythromycin. VIII. A New Effective Route To Clarithromycin (6-O-Methylerythromycin A)' HETEROCYCLES vol. 31, no. 12, 1990, pages 2121 - 2124, XP008078531 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010122571A2 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-10-28 | Elder Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | A process for the selective methylation of erythromycin a derivatives. |
| WO2010122571A3 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2011-01-06 | Elder Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | A process for the selective methylation of erythromycin a derivatives. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2007011562A (en) | 2008-03-11 |
| IL186174A0 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
| WO2006100691A3 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
| IL186185A0 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
| CN101146815A (en) | 2008-03-19 |
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