WO2006098741A2 - Composition d'additif pour carburant dans un moteur - Google Patents

Composition d'additif pour carburant dans un moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006098741A2
WO2006098741A2 PCT/US2005/019428 US2005019428W WO2006098741A2 WO 2006098741 A2 WO2006098741 A2 WO 2006098741A2 US 2005019428 W US2005019428 W US 2005019428W WO 2006098741 A2 WO2006098741 A2 WO 2006098741A2
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Prior art keywords
ferrocene
additive composition
range
fuel
radical
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PCT/US2005/019428
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English (en)
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WO2006098741A3 (fr
Inventor
Otis L. Nelson, Jr.
Mark L. Nelson
A. Richard Nelson
Chandra Prakash
Gilbert Chapelet
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Polar Molecular Corporation
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Publication of WO2006098741A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006098741A2/fr
Publication of WO2006098741A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006098741A3/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a ferrocene motor fuel additive composition for bulk fuel addition. More particularly, this invention relates to a motor fuel additive composition comprising: (a) a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent; and (b) ferrocene for use in bulk production of motor fuels providing improved performance and decreased ORI.
  • this invention relates to a motor fuel additive composition
  • a motor fuel additive composition comprising: (a) a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product component which is the reaction product of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, and (ii) a succinic anhydride or succinic dibasic acid and (iii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising (i) a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound, and (ii) an oxygenated compatibilizing agent, and (c) ferrocene for use in bulk production of motor fuels providing improved performance and decreased ORI.
  • a detergent component selected from the group consisting of (i) a reaction product component which is the reaction product of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, and (ii) a succinic anhydride or succinic dibasic acid and (iii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine
  • a fuel conditioner component compris
  • Ferrocene is an organic iron compound which has been extensively used as an octane booster during the last war in Germany.
  • ferrocene is used at a rate of 10 to 60 ppm.
  • One of the problems by using ferrocene is the corrosion in the inlet system and in the combustion chamber.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a motor fuel additive for ferrocene containing motor fuels, which is useful in preventing both fuel intake system deposit formation and combustion chamber deposit formation. It is a feature of this invention that the additive comprises a fuel conditioner component, which synergistically interact to reduce combustion chamber deposit formation. It is an advantage of this invention that it both reduces deposit formation in engine fuel intake systems and ORI associated with combustion chamber deposit formation.
  • One object of the present invention is directed to a ferrocene containing motor fuel additive composition which reduces and modifies combustion chamber deposit formation for the purpose of reducing engine octane requirement increase and allows the use of lower levels of ferrocene while retaining engine performance, comprising a mixture of: (a) a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 90 weight percent, based upon the total weight of the fuel conditioner component, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 90 weight percent, based upon the total of the fuel conditioner component, of an oxygenated compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter in the range of about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen capacity, and (b) a ferrocene compound.
  • a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about
  • Another object of the present invention is directed to a ferrocene containing motor fuel additive composition that reduces and modifies both fuel intake system and combustion chamber deposit formation for the purpose of reducing engine octane requirement increase and allows the use of lower levels of ferrocene while retaining engine performance
  • a ferrocene containing motor fuel additive composition that reduces and modifies both fuel intake system and combustion chamber deposit formation for the purpose of reducing engine octane requirement increase and allows the use of lower levels of ferrocene while retaining engine performance
  • R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 10,000, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid, and (B) an amino compound of the formula
  • Y is O or NR 5 , R 5 being H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1 - 30 carbon atoms;
  • A is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having 1 - 30 carbon atoms;
  • m has a value in the range of 1 - 15;
  • n has a value in the range of 0 - 6; and
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 15 to about 10,000, and a homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
  • R 3 is H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1 - 30 carbon atoms
  • Q, T, and Z are polyoxyalkylene moieties having 1 - 6 carbon atoms
  • a, b and c each have values ranging from 0 - 30, and d has a value in the range of 1- 50
  • R 11 is a polybutyl or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene and Rj 2 and R 13 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present; and (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising: (i) from about 10 to about 90 weight percent, based upon the total weight of components a and b, of a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon having an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 500, an acid number in the range of about 25 to about 175, and a saponification number in the range of about 30 to about 250, and (ii) from about 10 to about 90 weight percent, based upon
  • the fuel conditioner component may additionally comprise a hydrophilic separant such as a glycol monoether.
  • the additive composition may additionally comprise a carrier oil or fluidizer.
  • This invention is also directed to a ferrocene containing motor fuel containing the present invention which may be added with the ferrocene and any other additives or added after the addition of the ferrocene and any other additives.
  • This invention is in one aspect directed to a ferrocene motor fuel additive comprising:
  • a detergent component which is selected from the group consisting of (i) the reaction product of a substituted hydrocarbon and an amino compound, (ii) a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine; (b) a fuel conditioner component comprising a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent; and (c) a ferrocene compound.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a ferrocene motor fuel additive comprising (a) a fuel conditioner component comprising a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent; and (b) a ferrocene compound. If the reaction product detergent component is employed, the substituted hydrocarbon reactant used to prepare the reaction product is of the formula
  • R 1 is a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 150 to about 10,000, preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 400 to about 5000, most preferably a polyalkylene radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 600 to about 1500, and X is selected from the group consisting of halogens, preferably chlorine, succinic anhydride and succinic dibasic acid.
  • R 1 -X is a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
  • R 1 -X is a chloropolyisobutylene.
  • the amino compound reactant used to prepare the reaction product is of the formula
  • Y is O or NR 5 , R 5 being H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1 - 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 - 22 carbon atoms;
  • A is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having 1 - 30, preferably 1 - 15 carbon atoms;
  • m has a value in the range of 1 - 15, preferably 1 - 12;
  • n has a value in the range of 0 - 6, preferably 0 - 5; and
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, a hydrocarbyl radical having a molecular weight in the range of about 15 to about 10,000, preferably 15 to about 2000, and a homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
  • R 3 is H or a hydrocarbyl radical having 1 - 30, preferably 1 - 22 carbon atoms
  • Q, T, and Z are polyoxyalkylene moieties having 1 - 6 carbon atoms
  • a, b, and c each have values ranging from 0 - 30, and d has a value in the range of 1 - 50, preferably 1 - 25.
  • R 2 is the above-described homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of formula (III).
  • the terms homopolymeric and heteropolymeric refer to polyoxyalkylene compounds, which in the case of homopolymeric compounds contain one recurring polyoxyalkylene moiety, and in the case of heteropolymeric compounds contain more than one recurring polyoxyalkylene moiety, typically having 1 - 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO) or butylene oxide (BO).
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • PO propylene oxide
  • BO butylene oxide
  • R 2 may be a homopolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
  • R 2 may be a heteropolymeric polyoxyalkylene radical of the formula
  • the above- described amino compound reactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene polyamines, polypropylene polyamines and mixtures thereof. In yet another preferred embodiment, such polyamines are monoalkylated.
  • the reaction product component is preferably prepared by reacting the substituted hydrocarbon R 1 -X to the amino compound in a mole ratio in the range of 0.2:1 - 20:1, more preferably in the range of 0.5:1 - 10:1.
  • the reaction product component may be prepared under reaction conditions (including e.g. reaction times, temperatures, and reagent proportions) as are well known by those skilled in the art for preparing such amino compound-substituted hydrocarbon reaction products. The method for preparing such reaction products is described, for example, in U.S.
  • the detergent compound may also be a polybutylamine or polyisobutylamine of the formula (IV)
  • Rn is a polybutyl- or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene
  • R 12 and R 13 are identical or different and. ⁇ re each hydrogen, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, a primary or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic aminoalkylene radical or polyaminoalkylene radical, a polyoxyalkylene radical or a heteroaryl or heterocyclyl radical, or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a ring in which further hetero atoms may be present.
  • the fuel conditioner component employed in admixture with the detergent component to produce the additive of this invention may preferably be the fuel conditioner previously disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,753,661 (Nelson et al.), incorporated herein by reference.
  • This fuel conditioner comprises a polar oxygenated hydrocarbon compound and an oxygenated compatibilizing agent.
  • the polar oxygenated hydrocarbon portion of the fuel conditioner signifies various organic mixtures arising from the controlled oxidation of petroleum liquids with air. Often these air oxidations of liquid distillates are carried out at a temperature of from about 100°C to about 150°C with an organo-metallic catalyst, such as esters of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or tin, or organic catalysts, such as tertiary butyl peroxide.
  • organo-metallic catalyst such as esters of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel or tin
  • organic catalysts such as tertiary butyl peroxide.
  • the result is a melange of polar oxygenated compounds which may be divided into at least three categories: volatile, saponifiable and non-saponif ⁇ able.
  • the polar oxygenated compounds preferable for use in the present invention may be characterized in a least three ways, by molecular weight, acid number, and saponification number. It is to be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the terms "molecular weight” and “average molecular weight” are synonymous and are herein used interchangeably. It is to be further appreciated that there are several methods of determining the average molecular weight of an organic material and that different methods will produce different results for the same material. Chemically these oxidation products are mixtures of acids, hydroxy acids, lactones, eaters, ketones, alcohols, anhydrides, and other oxygenated organic compounds.
  • Suitable for the present invention are compounds and mixtures with an average molecular weight between about 200 and about 500, with an acid number between about 25 and about 175 (ASTM-D-974), and a saponification number from about 30 to about 250 (ASTM-D-974-52).
  • the polar oxygenated compounds of the present invention have an acid number from about 50 to about 100 and a saponification number from about 75 to about 200.
  • Suitable compatibilizing agents for use in the fuel conditioner component of the instant invention are organic compounds of moderate solubility parameter and moderate to strong hydrogen-bonding capacity. Solubility parameters, ⁇ , based on cohesive energy density are a fundamental descriptor of an organic solvent giving a measure of its polarity.
  • Simple aliphatic molecules of low polarity have a low ⁇ of about 7.3; highly polar water has a high ⁇ of 23.4.
  • Solubility parameters are just a first approximation to the polarity of an organic solvent.
  • Symmetrical carbon tetrachloride and some aromatics with low gross dipole moment and poor hydrogen-bonding capacity have a solubility parameter of about 8.5.
  • methyl propyl ketone has almost the same solubility parameter, 8.7, but quite strong hydrogen-bonding capacity and a definite dipole moment. Thus, no one figure of merit alone describes the "polarity" of an organic solvent.
  • a compatibilizing agent preferably having a solubility parameter from about 7.0 to about 14.0 and moderate to strong hydrogen-bonding capacity.
  • Suitable classes of organic solvents are alcohols, ketones, esters, and ethers.
  • the fuel conditioner component of this invention may additionally include a hydrophilic separant which decreases the amount of water in the hydrocarbon fuel, thus improving combustion.
  • Suitable separants for practicing the current invention are ethers of glycols or polyglycols, especially monoethers. Monoethers are preferred over diethers in the practice of the present invention.
  • Examples of such compounds which may be used are the monoethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, alphabutylene glycol, 1,3- butanediol, beta- butylene glycol, isobutylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,5- pentanediol, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-l,3-propanediol, 2- ethyl- 1,3-hexanediol.
  • Some monoethers include ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethylether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-(n-butyl) ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-(n-butyl) ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monocyclohexylether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, triethylene glycol monophenethyl ether, butylene glycol mono-(p-(n-butoxy) phenyl) ether, trimethylene glycol mono(alkylphenyl) ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono- isopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl
  • Such compounds are sold commercially under trade names such as Butyl CELLOSOLVE, Ethyl CELLOSOLVE, Hexyl CELLOSOLVE, Methyl CARBITOL, Butyl CARBITOL, DOWANOL Glycol ethers, and the like.
  • composition of this invention may additionally comprise a suitable amount of a carrier oil or fluidizer selected from the group consisting of petroleum-based oils, mineral oils, polypropylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, polyisobutylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, polyoxyalkylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, and polybutyl and polyisobutyl alcohols containing polybutyl or polyisobutyl radicals derived from polyisobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene, corresponding carboxylates of the polybutyl or polyisobutyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
  • a carrier oil or fluidizer selected from the group consisting of petroleum-based oils, mineral oils, polypropylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000, polyisobutylene compounds having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3
  • Petroleum based oils which may be employed include top cylinder oils as well as both natural and synthetic naphthenic and paraffinic base stock oils of relatively high viscosity, including so-called Solvent Neutral Oils (SNO) such as SNO-100 to SNO-600.
  • Mineral oils which may be employed include so-called "light” mineral oils, i.e. those petroleum, aliphatic or alicyclic fractions having a viscosity less than about 10,000 SUS at 250°C. A mixture of hydrocarbon fractions may also be employed in place of a base stock.
  • the above-described polybutyl and polyisobutyl alcohols include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,210 (Franz et al.), incorporated herein by reference.
  • carrier oil and "fluidizer” are interchangeable, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. Given the presence of the many constituents described above, a wide variety of proportions are suitable for the additive composition of this invention.
  • Table 2 shows a “Useful Range” and a “Preferred Range” in weight percent, based upon the total weight of the additive composition:
  • Detergent Component 10 - 90 20 - 70 Polar Oxygenated Compound 10 -70 20 - 60
  • Compatibilizing Agent 10 -70 15 - 40 Hydrophilic Separant 0 - 40 0 - 30 Carrier Oil 0 - 40 0 - 30
  • Ferrocene Compound ferrocene completes the balance of the additive package
  • the additive composition of this invention may be employed in a wide variety of hydrocarbon or modified hydrocarbon (e.g. alcohol-containing or ether containing) fuels for a variety of engines.
  • Preferred motor fuel compositions for use with the additive composition of this invention are those intended for use in spark ignition internal combustion engines.
  • Such motor fuel compositions comprise a fuel component generally referred to as gasoline base stocks, preferably comprise a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, preferably form about 90-450°F.
  • This base fuel may consist of straight chains, branch chains, paraffins, cycloparaffms, olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
  • the base fuel may be derived from, among others, straight run naphtha, polymer gasoline, natural gasoline, or from catalytically cracked or thermally cracked hydrocarbons and catalytically reformed stock.
  • the composition and octane level of the base fuel are not critical and any conventional ferrocene motor base fuel may be employed in the practice of this invention.
  • the motor fuel composition may additionally comprise other additives typically employed in motor fuels, such as anti-icing additives, upper cylinder lubricating oils, carburetor detergents, anti-corrosion additives, de-emulsifying agents, odor suppressors, and the like.
  • Combustion Chamber Deposits means deposits formed in the combustion chamber of an engine, due to the deposition of carbonaceous deposits of unburned fuel components and deposits from other additives present in the fuel.
  • Octane Requirement Increase means the increase in octane requirement that results from the build up of combustion chamber deposits. ORI begins to build up as soon as a new engine is started for the first time as CCDs begin to form in the combustion chamber of the engine. ORI reaches equilibrium between 10,000 to 15,000 miles in the life of a new engine. The octane requirement increase is typically 5 - 8 octane numbers by the time equilibrium is reached.
  • Octane Number Required means the octane level required to provide knock- free operations in a given engine.
  • Octane Enhancer means components that are added to gasoline, such as for example, ferrocene, alcohol, and MTBE.
  • a Ford 2.3 L engine was run using a RON + MON/2 of 89 containing 20 ppm of iron. After 240 hours, an increase in octane requirement of 4.8 has been noticed. On the same engine, using the same fuel containing 400 ppm detergent and 100 ppm of the polar compound of the invention, after 240 hours, an increase in octane requirement of 1.7 has been noticed, indicating a reduction in ORI of 3.1 On top of that, some corrosion appeared in the fuel without additives, when no corrosion has been noticed in the fuel of the invention.
  • a GM 3.8 L engine was run using a RON + MON/2 of 91, containing 40 ppm of iron.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition d'additif pour carburant dans un moteur contenant du ferrocène qui combine par synergie les capacités d'amélioration de l'octane du ferrocène aux bénéfices d'un complexe additif spécial dans le but de réduire à la fois la formation de dépôt du système d'admission du carburant et la formation de dépôt dans la chambre de combustion, avec pour effet de réduire l'augmentation ORI du moteur tout en maintenant le rendement souhaité du moteur.
PCT/US2005/019428 2004-06-02 2005-06-02 Composition d'additif pour carburant dans un moteur WO2006098741A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US10/709,873 US20050268537A1 (en) 2004-06-02 2004-06-02 Motor fuel additive composition

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WO2014165950A1 (fr) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-16 Firmano Lino Junior Additif catalyseur non incrustant utilisé dans le procédé de craquage de pétrole additif et dans l'octanage et la combustion de combustible

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US6488723B2 (en) * 1990-03-05 2002-12-03 Alfred Richard Nelson Motor fuel additive composition and method for preparation thereof

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US20050268537A1 (en) 2005-12-08
WO2006098741A3 (fr) 2010-09-02

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