WO2006098667A1 - Nozzle for a combustion powder spray gun - Google Patents
Nozzle for a combustion powder spray gun Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006098667A1 WO2006098667A1 PCT/SE2005/000402 SE2005000402W WO2006098667A1 WO 2006098667 A1 WO2006098667 A1 WO 2006098667A1 SE 2005000402 W SE2005000402 W SE 2005000402W WO 2006098667 A1 WO2006098667 A1 WO 2006098667A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- nozzle
- flame
- lines
- carrier gas
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
- B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
- B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
Definitions
- Nozzle for a combustion powder spray gun Nozzle for a combustion powder spray gun.
- the present invention relates to a nozzle for the flame spraying of running-in layers, according to the preamble of claim 1 below.
- Flame spraying is a form of so-called thermal spraying, which is a process in which a carrier gas delivers a particulate material in the form of a powder into a flame and molten droplets of the particulate material, such as metal, are then sprayed onto a substrate, thereby building up a coating.
- the layer sprayed on usually has quite different characteristics compared to the parent material .
- Flame spraying is commonly used to build up soft, so-called running-in layers in order, for example, to obtain the minimum possible clearance between the rotor and stator housing in turbines .
- the method of coating materials by means of flame spraying is used, for example, in the defense, space and automobile industry, and flay-sprayed layers are encountered, for example, in aero and car engines.
- a so-called flame spraying gun is used, which is fed with oxygen, acetylene, cooling air and the particulate material that is to be applied to the substrate.
- the flame spraying gun is provided with a nozzle, which may take different design forms and is chosen according to what type of particulate material is to be used and what layer characteristics it is intended to achieve in the flame sprayed layer.
- powder efficiency relates to the quantity of powder which melts in the flame and adheres to the substrate, in relation to the total quantity of powder that is introduced into the flame.
- a known solution to this problem is to increase the flow of carrier gas, which among other things, however, leads to problems of reduced erosion resistance on the part of the sprayed layer .
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle for the flame spraying of running-in layers, which gives increased powder efficiency whilst retaining a satisfactory quality of the applied coating. This object is achieved by means of a nozzle, the characteristic features of which are set forth in claim 1 below.
- the invention consists of a nozzle having a circular design shape for the flame spraying of running-in layers, comprising a plurality of fuel gas lines, with fuel gas outlets for generating a flame placed concentrically around a centrally arranged powder and carrier gas line for injecting a powder into the flame, and a plurality of lines for delivering air arranged around said powder and carrier gas line.
- the invention is characterized in that the powder and carrier gas line projects by a distance L in the direction of flame ejection from the outlets of the fuel gas lines.
- the invention is further characterized in that the powder and carrier gas line has an orifice inside diameter D, which lies in the interval 0.5L ⁇ D ⁇ 4L.
- a nozzle according to the invention gives a considerable increase in the powder efficiency whilst maintaining the carrier gas flow.
- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a nozzle according to one embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the nozzle shown in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a nozzle 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the nozzle 1 has a circular design shape and comprises a centrally located powder and carrier gas line 2, which has an orifice inside diameter D. This may be varied within the interval 5.0 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 9.0 mm, but D preferably lies in the interval 6.5 - 7.5 mm. An orifice diameter D which lies in the interval 5.0 mm ⁇
- D ⁇ 9.0 mm corresponds to an orifice area A of approximately 20-60 mm 2 , which is a considerably larger orifice area than in conventional nozzles, which typically have an orifice area in the order of 7.5 - 8 mm 2 .
- a larger orifice area means that there will be a greater distance between the powder particles in the flame and more particles will thereby manage to melt, which could lead to higher powder efficiency and a harder layer. This is offset, however, by the fact that a larger orifice area also means that the gas velocity is reduced and the particles thereby acquire a lower velocity, as a result of which not all molten powder particles reach the substrate.
- the powder and carrier gas line 2 has been extended, that is to say this projects by a distance L (see Fig. 2) in the direction of flame ejection from the outlets of the fuel gas lines 3.
- L the distance between the outlets of the fuel gas lines and of the powder and carrier gas line lie in the same plane.
- the length L of the projecting part of the powder and carrier gas line 2 can be adjusted within an interval in which 4.5 mm ⁇ L ⁇ 6.5 mm, but is preferably between 5.0 and 5.5 mm.
- the upper limit of L is determined by the material problems in the nozzle which would occur if the outlet of the powder and carrier gas line were located in the hottest part of the flame.
- the number of fuel gas lines 3 may vary between 14 and 18, but preferably total 16 in number.
- the outlet diameter d of the fuel gas lines 3 (see Fig. 2) is adjusted according to the intended discharge and velocity of the gas, and may be varied within the interval 0.7 - 0.9 mm, although it is preferably 0.8 mm.
- the number of air lines 4 may vary between 10 and 18, but there are preferably 16 in number, arranged around the powder and carrier gas line 2, with the inlets located on the outside of the nozzle 1 and with outlets in the slot 5, which can also be seen from Fig. 2.
- the function of the air lines 4 is to supply air in order to counteract the negative pressure which would otherwise occur between the fuel gas lines 3 and the powder and carrier gas line 2, these lines preferably having a diameter in excess of 1.2 mm.
- nozzle dimensions are determined by the standard covering flame spraying nozzles.
- outside diameter of the nozzle is determined by the size of the flange nut which is threaded over the nozzle and which serves to fasten the nozzle to the flame spraying gun.
- the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described above and shown in the drawings but can be freely modified without departing from the scope of the patent claims below.
- the invention is not limited to use in the flame spraying of NiCrAl, but can also be used for other powder materials suited to flame spraying, such as NiC 85-15 or Ni graphite 75-25, for example.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Nozzle (1) having a circular design shape for the flame spraying of a running-in layer, comprising a plurality of fuel gas lines (3), with fuel gas outlets for generating a flame placed concentrically around a centrally arranged powder and carrier gas line (2) for injecting a powder into the flame, and a plurality of lines (4) for delivering air arranged around said powder and carrier gas line (2). The invention is characterized in that the powder and carrier gas line (2) projects by a distance L in the direction of flame ejection from the outlets of the fuel gas lines (3).
Description
Nozzle for a combustion powder spray gun.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a nozzle for the flame spraying of running-in layers, according to the preamble of claim 1 below.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Flame spraying is a form of so-called thermal spraying, which is a process in which a carrier gas delivers a particulate material in the form of a powder into a flame and molten droplets of the particulate material, such as metal, are then sprayed onto a substrate, thereby building up a coating. The layer sprayed on usually has quite different characteristics compared to the parent material . Flame spraying is commonly used to build up soft, so-called running-in layers in order, for example, to obtain the minimum possible clearance between the rotor and stator housing in turbines .
The method of coating materials by means of flame spraying is used, for example, in the defense, space and automobile industry, and flay-sprayed layers are encountered, for example, in aero and car engines.
In flame spraying a so-called flame spraying gun is used, which is fed with oxygen, acetylene, cooling air and the particulate material that is to be applied to the substrate. The flame spraying gun is provided with a nozzle, which may take different design forms and is chosen according to what type of particulate material is to be used and what layer characteristics it is intended to achieve in the flame sprayed layer.
One problem with hitherto known nozzles for use in the flame spraying of running-in layers is that
these have low powder efficiency. The term powder efficiency here relates to the quantity of powder which melts in the flame and adheres to the substrate, in relation to the total quantity of powder that is introduced into the flame. A known solution to this problem is to increase the flow of carrier gas, which among other things, however, leads to problems of reduced erosion resistance on the part of the sprayed layer .
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A primary object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle for the flame spraying of running-in layers, which gives increased powder efficiency whilst retaining a satisfactory quality of the applied coating. This object is achieved by means of a nozzle, the characteristic features of which are set forth in claim 1 below.
The invention consists of a nozzle having a circular design shape for the flame spraying of running-in layers, comprising a plurality of fuel gas lines, with fuel gas outlets for generating a flame placed concentrically around a centrally arranged powder and carrier gas line for injecting a powder into the flame, and a plurality of lines for delivering air arranged around said powder and carrier gas line. The invention is characterized in that the powder and carrier gas line projects by a distance L in the direction of flame ejection from the outlets of the fuel gas lines.
The invention is further characterized in that the powder and carrier gas line has an orifice inside diameter D, which lies in the interval 0.5L ≤ D ≤ 4L.
The invention affords a number of advantages.
Firstly it may be noted that, compared to hitherto known nozzles, a nozzle according to the invention gives a considerable increase in the powder efficiency whilst maintaining the carrier gas flow.
Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the patent claims below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings attached, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a nozzle according to one embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the nozzle shown in Fig. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a nozzle 1 according to one embodiment of the invention. The nozzle 1 has a circular design shape and comprises a centrally located powder and carrier gas line 2, which has an orifice inside diameter D. This may be varied within the interval 5.0 mm ≤ D ≤ 9.0 mm, but D preferably lies in the interval 6.5 - 7.5 mm. An orifice diameter D which lies in the interval 5.0 mm ≤
D ≤ 9.0 mm corresponds to an orifice area A of approximately 20-60 mm2, which is a considerably larger orifice area than in conventional nozzles, which typically have an orifice area in the order of 7.5 - 8 mm2. A larger orifice area means that there will be a greater distance between the powder particles in the flame and more particles will thereby manage to melt,
which could lead to higher powder efficiency and a harder layer. This is offset, however, by the fact that a larger orifice area also means that the gas velocity is reduced and the particles thereby acquire a lower velocity, as a result of which not all molten powder particles reach the substrate.
In order to counter this problem the powder and carrier gas line 2 has been extended, that is to say this projects by a distance L (see Fig. 2) in the direction of flame ejection from the outlets of the fuel gas lines 3. This means that the powder is delivered further forward into the flame than in a conventional nozzle, in which the outlets of the fuel gas lines and of the powder and carrier gas line lie in the same plane. The length L of the projecting part of the powder and carrier gas line 2 can be adjusted within an interval in which 4.5 mm ≤ L ≤ 6.5 mm, but is preferably between 5.0 and 5.5 mm. The upper limit of L is determined by the material problems in the nozzle which would occur if the outlet of the powder and carrier gas line were located in the hottest part of the flame.
The combination of an extended powder and carrier gas line 2 and a relatively larger orifice inside diameter, and hence a larger orifice area A, produces a considerable increase in powder efficiency compared to nozzles for the flame spraying of running- in layers of a conventional design shape. Particularly remarkable results are obtained when the ratio between the length L and the inside diameter D is 0.5L ≤ D ≤ 4L. The nozzle has proved particularly advantageous for the flame spraying of NiCrAl, also referred to as bentonite, since for this material it is possible to achieve an increase in powder efficiency in the order of 30%.
In order to create a circular flame, the fuel gas lines 3 are placed concentrically around the powder and carrier gas line 2 at a radial distance therefrom.
The number of fuel gas lines 3 may vary between 14 and 18, but preferably total 16 in number. The outlet diameter d of the fuel gas lines 3 (see Fig. 2) is adjusted according to the intended discharge and velocity of the gas, and may be varied within the interval 0.7 - 0.9 mm, although it is preferably 0.8 mm.
The number of air lines 4 may vary between 10 and 18, but there are preferably 16 in number, arranged around the powder and carrier gas line 2, with the inlets located on the outside of the nozzle 1 and with outlets in the slot 5, which can also be seen from Fig. 2. The function of the air lines 4 is to supply air in order to counteract the negative pressure which would otherwise occur between the fuel gas lines 3 and the powder and carrier gas line 2, these lines preferably having a diameter in excess of 1.2 mm.
Other external dimensions of the nozzle are determined by the standard covering flame spraying nozzles. For example, the outside diameter of the nozzle is determined by the size of the flange nut which is threaded over the nozzle and which serves to fasten the nozzle to the flame spraying gun.
The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described above and shown in the drawings but can be freely modified without departing from the scope of the patent claims below. For example, the invention is not limited to use in the flame spraying of NiCrAl, but can also be used for other powder materials suited to flame spraying, such as NiC 85-15 or Ni graphite 75-25, for example.
Claims
1. A nozzle (1) having a circular design shape for the flame spraying of a running-in layer, comprising a plurality of fuel gas lines (3), with fuel gas outlets for generating a flame placed concentrically around a centrally arranged powder and carrier gas line (2) for injecting a powder into the flame, and a plurality of lines (4) for delivering air arranged around said powder and carrier gas line (2), characterized in that the powder and carrier gas line (2) projects by a distance L in the direction of flame ejection from the outlets of the fuel gas lines (3).
2. The nozzle (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the powder and carrier gas line
(2) has an orifice inside diameter D, the size of the orifice diameter D lying in the interval 0.5L ≤ D < 4L.
3. The nozzle (1) as claimed in either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance L by which the powder and carrier gas line (2) projects in the direction of flame ejection from the outlets of the fuel gas lines (3) lies in the interval 2.5 mm ≤ L ≤ 6.5 mm.
4. The nozzle (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifice diameter D lies in the interval 5.0 mm ≤ D ≤ 9.0 mm.
5. The nozzle (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel gas lines (3) are 14 to 18 in number.
6. The nozzle (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air lines (4) are 10 to 18 in number, and that the inlets of the air lines (4) are located on the outside of the nozzle (1) and that the outlets thereof open into the slot (5) .
7. The nozzle (1) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the powder that is injected into the flame is NiCrAl.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2005/000402 WO2006098667A1 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Nozzle for a combustion powder spray gun |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2005/000402 WO2006098667A1 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Nozzle for a combustion powder spray gun |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006098667A1 true WO2006098667A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
Family
ID=36991956
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2005/000402 WO2006098667A1 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | Nozzle for a combustion powder spray gun |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2006098667A1 (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2436335A (en) * | 1943-12-17 | 1948-02-17 | Leo M Simonsen | Spray device for projecting molten particles |
| US3171599A (en) * | 1963-03-05 | 1965-03-02 | Metco Inc | Powder flame spray gun nozzle |
| US4384677A (en) * | 1980-12-23 | 1983-05-24 | Eutectic Corporation | Nozzle construction for a gas torch |
| SU1521505A1 (en) * | 1986-05-19 | 1989-11-15 | Минский Опытный Механический Завод | Torch tip for flame depositing of pulverulent materials |
| DE3824887A1 (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1990-01-25 | Castolin Gmbh | Nozzle for flame-spray burner |
| EP0361709A1 (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-04-04 | Plasma Technik Ag | Improved abradable coating and its production |
| US5262206A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1993-11-16 | Plasma Technik Ag | Method for making an abradable material by thermal spraying |
-
2005
- 2005-03-18 WO PCT/SE2005/000402 patent/WO2006098667A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2436335A (en) * | 1943-12-17 | 1948-02-17 | Leo M Simonsen | Spray device for projecting molten particles |
| US3171599A (en) * | 1963-03-05 | 1965-03-02 | Metco Inc | Powder flame spray gun nozzle |
| US4384677A (en) * | 1980-12-23 | 1983-05-24 | Eutectic Corporation | Nozzle construction for a gas torch |
| SU1521505A1 (en) * | 1986-05-19 | 1989-11-15 | Минский Опытный Механический Завод | Torch tip for flame depositing of pulverulent materials |
| DE3824887A1 (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1990-01-25 | Castolin Gmbh | Nozzle for flame-spray burner |
| EP0361709A1 (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-04-04 | Plasma Technik Ag | Improved abradable coating and its production |
| US5262206A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1993-11-16 | Plasma Technik Ag | Method for making an abradable material by thermal spraying |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 199035, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M13, AN 1990-266604 * |
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