WO2006089310A1

WO2006089310A1 - Natural and synthetic sodium sulfonate emulsifier blends

Info

Publication number: WO2006089310A1
Application number: PCT/US2006/006981
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael T. Costello; Igor Riff; Joseph A. Weaver; Rebecca F. Seibert
Original assignee: Chemtura Corporation
Priority date: 2005-02-15
Filing date: 2006-02-10
Publication date: 2006-08-24
Also published as: EP1848525A1; JP2008529776A; KR20070110282A; US20060183649A1

Abstract

An emulsifÊer composition includes at least one natural alkali metal petroleum sulfonate and at least one synthetic alkali metal sulfonate. The emulsifier composition can be combined with a lubricant oil to provide a water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate which forms a stable aqueous emulsion upon the addition thereto of an aqueous medium.

Description

NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SODIUM SULFONATE EMULSIFIER BLENDS

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. provisional application

Serial No. 60/653,685 filed February 15, 2005 to which priority is claimed and which is herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to an emulsifier composition including a

blend of natural and synthetic sodium sulfonates.

2. Background of the Art

[0003] Sodium petroleum sulfonates are widely used as the primary emulsifier in formulating emulsifiable lubricating compositions used for cutting fluid, hydraulic fluids,

metalworking lubricants, and so forth.

[0004] Sodium petroleum sulfonates are typically produced as a by-product of refining processes in which certain highly refined petroleum products such as white lubricating oils, medicinal oils, and certain grades of transformer oils, are produced. The highly refined petroleum products are produced by treating a refined petroleum distillate

or raffinate with fuming sulfuric acid which reacts with certain components of the oil to

produce sulfonic acids, some of which are oil-soluble and some of which are water- soluble, thus forming a two-phase system. The two phases separate into two layers one of

which is the oil layer containing the oil-soluble reddish-brown or mahogany sulfonic

acids, and one of which is the water-soluble layer commonly referred to as an acid sludge layer that contains resinous materials, unreacted sulfuric acid, and water-soluble or green

sulfonic acids. The layers are then separated and the oil-soluble sulfonic acids are

recovered from the oil layer, usually in the form of their sodium salts.

[0005] The mahogany sulfonic acids being preferentially oil-soluble have found

wide use in the preparation of emulsifiable petroleum products, such as in soluble cutting oils, hydraulic fluids, metalworking lubricating fluids for forming of metals, and so forth.

The acid oil layer is neutralized to make a sodium salt and extracted with a polar solvent,

typically alcohol, to separate most of the oil phase, and to increase the activity of the sodium sulfonate. This type of process is discussed generally in U.S. Pat. No. 1,930,488. The manufacture of white oils by the above process has become increasingly uneconomical and as a result, the production of sulfonates as by-products of white oil refining is substantially declining. This has left a significant shortage of sodium

petroleum sulfonates.

[0006] Another major disadvantage with the natural petroleum sulfonates is their

inconsistency in quality, and hence a variance in their emulsifying properties. In order to improve emulsification properties, secondary surface active agents of different types are

often added, for instance, fatty acid salts. The amount of the secondary surface active

agent used is varied depending on the quality of the sulfonate being employed. U.S. Pat.

No. 4,140,642 describes an improved emulsifier composition in which salts of alkylaryl sulfonic acids are employed with an organic or mineral base, and in which the equivalent

weights of the acids are distributed according to a function of C=f(M) where C denotes

the concentration and M denotes the equivalent weight of individual acids, which function has two distinct equivalent weight maximum Mi and M₂, with M₁ < M₂. Surprisingly, the present inventors have found a blend of sulfonates that provides an

emulsiiϊer composition that has consistent emulsification properties, and that is

economical as well. This blend comprises at least one natural alkali metal petroleum sulfonate that is not prepared as a by-product of an oil refining process and may be non-

extracted, and a blend of other high active synthetic sulfonates or sulfonic acids selected so as to produce an emulsification system that has 60% or greater active content, and

selected so as to balance the oil solubility and emulsification performance thus providing an excellent surfactant system.

SUMMARY [0007] An emulsifier composition is provided herein which includes a blend of at least one natural alkali metal petroleum sulfonate, and at least one synthetic alkali metal

sulfonate. Preferably, the blend includes at least about 30% by weight of a synthetic alkali metal sulfonate including at least about 30% by weight of alkali metal branched dodecylxylene sulfonate having an equivalent weight of from about 500 to about 550.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODMENT(S) [0008] The present invention relates to a blend of natural and synthetic alkali

metal sulfonates, preferably sodium sulfonates. Natural sodium sulfonates are produced

by the sulfonation of petroleum fractions derived from naturally occurring crude oil. Synthetic sodium sulfonates are produced by the sulfonation of selected hydrocarbon

compounds such as linear or branched alkyl or alkylaromatic compounds.

[0009] The following list of sulfonates in Table 1 is illustrative of the various

sulfonates which can be blended to make a product that has emulsion performance equal

to, or better than, that of Shell Reg (465). The sulfonates are commercially available and are provided with designations herein for purposes of identifying the sulfonates

corresponding to the test results in the Examples below.

TABLE 1

Sulfonate Description

Sulfonate A sodium salt of a straight chained mono- and dialkylbenzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 510 to about 530, preferably about 520

Sulfonate B sodium salt of a straight chained mono- and dialkylbenzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 420 to about 440, preferably about 430

Sulfonate C sodium salt of a straight chained mono- and dialkylbenzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 450 to 470, preferably about 460

Sulfonate D sodium salt of synthetic sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about

480 to 500, preferably about 490

Sulfonate E sodium salt of the blend of sulfonates from a 600 SUS mineral oil, C₁₂-C₁₄ dialkylbenzene sulfonate and a C₂₀-C₂₄ mono alkylbenzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 510 to about 530, preferably about 520

Sulfonate F sodium salt of a linear C₁₂-C₁₄ alkylxylene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 370 to about 390, preferably about 380

Sulfonate G sodium salt of a linear benzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 450 to about 470, preferably about 460

Sulfonate H sodium salt of a blend of sulfonates from a 600 SUS mineral oil, C₁₂- C₁₄ dialkylbenzene sulfonate and a C₂₀-C₂₄ mono alkylbenzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 510 to about 530, preferably about 520 Sulfonate I sodium salt of the sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of about 540 to about 560, preferably about 550

Sulfonate J sodium salt of a synthetic sulfonate

Sulfonate K sodium salt of a synthetic sulfonate

Sulfonate L sodium salt of a sulfonate

Sulfonate M sodium salt of a sulfonate from mineral oil with an equivalent weight of about 440 to about 460, preferably about 450

Sulfonate N sodium salt of the sulfonate from mineral oil with an equivalent weight of about 490 to about 510, preferably about 500

Sulfonate O sodium salt of tridecylbenzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 330 to about 350, preferably about 340

Sulfonate P sodium salt of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 460 to about 480, preferably about 470

Sulfonate Q sodium salt of a sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of about 450 to about 470, preferably about 460

Sulfonate R sodium salt of a sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of about 450 to about 470, preferably about 460

Sulfonate S sodium salt of a sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of about 410 to about 430, preferably about 420

Sulfonate T sodium salt of the sulfonate from the co-sulfonation of a 600 SUS mineral oil and straight chain dialkyl (C₁₂-C₁₄)benzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 515 to about 535, preferably about 527

Sulfonate U sodium salt of the co-sulfonation of mineral oil and linear dodecylxylene blended with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and straight chained mono- and dialkylbenzene sulfonate with a equivalent weight of about 420 to about 440, preferably about 430

Sulfonate V sodium salt of a sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of about 580 to about 600, preferably about 590

Sulfonate W sodium salt of a sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of about 450 to about 460, preferably about 455 Sulfonate X sodium salt of a blend of sulfonates from a 600 SUS mineral oil, C₁₂-C₁₄ dialkylbenzene sulfonate and a C₂₀-C₂₄ mono alkylbenzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 510 to about 530, preferably about 520

Sulfonate Y sodium salt of a sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of about 560 to about 570, preferably about 565

Sulfonate Z sodium salt of a sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of about 450 to about 470, preferably about 460

Sulfonate AA sodium salt of an alkylaromatic sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 510 to about 530, preferably about 520

Sulfonate AB sodium salt of a branched dodecylortho-xylene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 380 to about 400, preferably about 390

[00010] Synthetic sodium sulfonates suitable for use in such blends include Sulfonate AA, a sodium salt of an alkyl aromatic sulfonate having an equivalent weight ("EW") of about 520, and/or Sulfonate AB, a sodium salt of a branched dodecyl orthoxylene sulfonate having an equivalent weight of about 390. A preferred blend includes at least about 30% by weight of a sodium salt of Sulfonate AA, preferably from about 40% to 90%, and yet more preferably from about 50% to 80%.

[00011] Suitable examples of natural sodium sulfonates can include, for example,

Sulfonate S, a low molecular weight (420 EW) sodium petroleum sulfonate, and

Sulfonate R, a medium molecular weight (460 EW) sodium petroleum sulfonate. Also suitable as a source of natural sodium sulfonate is Sulfonate T, the product of the

sulfonation of a blend of 600 SUS petroleum oil (56-59 wt%) and a straight chain C₁₂-C₁₄

dialkylbenzene alkylate. [00012] The proportions of natural and synthetic sulfonates present in the

emulsifier blends can vary widely. In general, the emulsifier blend prepared in accordance with this invention can contain from about 10 to about 70, preferably from about 20 to about 60, and more preferably from about 30 to about 50, weight percent

natural petroleum sulfonate emulsifier(s), the remainder of the emulsifier blend being made up of the synthetic emulsifier(s).

[00013] To prepare a water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate, a sufficient

amount of emulsifier blend as described above is substantially uniformly admixed with a quantity of lubricating oil ("base oil") such that upon addition of an aqueous medium

thereto a stable oil-in-water emulsion will result.

[00014] Preferred lubricating oils have a kinematic viscosity in the range of from 1 to about 1,000 cSt at a temperature of 40⁰C. Suitable lubricating oils include mineral oils and synthetic oils. Examples of mineral oils include a distilled oil which can be obtained by distilling a paraffinic crude oil, an intermediate crude oil or a naphthenic crude oil

under atmospheric pressure, or by distilling, under reduced pressure, a residual oil at the

time of distillation under atmospheric pressure, and a refined oil obtained by refining this

distilled oil. Examples of the refined oil include a solvent-refined oil, a hydrogenation-

refϊned oil, a dewaxed oil and a clay-treated oil. Examples of synthetic oils include a low-molecular weight polybutene, a low-molecular weight polypropylene, oligomers of

α-olefms having 8 to 14 carbon atoms and hydrides thereof, alkylbenzenes, and

alkymaphthalenes. These mineral oils and synthetic oils can be used singly or in a

combination of two or more thereof. [00015] It is preferred that the lubricating oil contain from about 20 percent to about 60 percent by weight of a highly refined base oil having a kinematic viscosity of

from about 30 to about 800 cSt at a temperature of 40°C, for example, a mineral oil

having a sulfur content of about 500 ppm or less, preferably about 100 ppm or less,

treated by a hydrogenation-refming process and/or a (co)polymer of an olefin, because the employment of the highly refined base oil tends to inhibit the generation of stains and rust on worked articles.

[00016] The amount of emulsifier blend to be added to a given weight of

lubricating oil will, of course, depend on the nature of the emulsifier blend, the nature of the lubricating oil and other factors as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate.

Optimum amounts of a particular emulsifier blend and a particular lubricating oil can be determined employing routine testing methods. In general, a lubricating oil concentrate in accordance with this invention can contain from 1 to about 50, preferably from 2 to about 30, and more preferably from about 5 to about 20, weight percent of emulsifier blend herein. The lubricating oil, in addition to the emulsifier blend, can contain up to about 10 weight percent fatty acid soap(s), up to about 10 weight percent extreme pressure lubricating agent(s), up to about 5 weight percent anti-corrosion agent(s) and up

to 3 weight percent of one or more biostatic and/or biocidal agents. Such additives are

well known to those with skill in the art and are commonly available.

[00017] The water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate herein upon addition to an

aqueous medium, usually water, forms a stable aqueous emulsion suitable for a variety of

applications, metalworking principally amongst them. Aqueous emulsions of the oil-in- water and water-in-oil type can be formed with the addition of from about 1 to about 50,

preferably from about 2 to about 30 and more preferably from about 3 to about 20 weight

parts of lubricating oil concentrate herein per 100 weight parts of water.

[00018] The following experimental results illustrate various aspects of the

invention including blends which performed successfully and blends which did not form

satisfactory emulsions. Evaluation of the emulsion performance of various blends was

performed in accordance with the following method.

[00019] Samples were diluted in white mineral oil at a 6% sulfonate level. The

sulfonates in white oil were tested alone (100%) and in blends of sulfonates at 10 wt%

intervals from 10 to 90% for emulsion performance. The emulsion test method used 10

mis of the test blend emulsified in 90 mis deionized water by shaking a stoppered graduated cylinder. The emulsions were rated after 24 hours. The rating system employed was zero to 5 with zero representing an emulsion that had no distinct separation between any cream and the emulsion layer. The rating of 5 indicated a nearly complete

separation or oil and water with little or no haziness in the water layer. The following

numerical rating scale was used.

TABLE 2 Emulsion Rating Scale

Rating Description

0 Superior — completely white emulsion with little or no separation

0.5 1 Excellent — white cream with white milky emulsion layer

1.5

2 Good - trace oil, with white milky emulsion layer.

2.5

3 Fair — small oil layer, weak milky emulsion layer

3.5

4 Poor ~ oil layer, skim milky emulsion layer

4.5

5 Negative — oil layer, possible small white cream layer, watery emulsion layer

[00020] The emulsion results and equivalent weights for the unblended sulfonates are given in Table 2. Of the unblended 22 sulfonates tested, only Sulfonate AA and Sulfonate U gave emulsions. Sulfonate AA was unexpectedly good considering its high molecular weight (520) and was similar to petroleum derived products like Sulfonate S or

Sulfonate Q.

TABLE 3

Emulsion Results for Sulfonates

Sulfonate Rating Equivalent Type of Sulfonate

Weight

Sulfonate AA 0,5 520 Branched dodecylxylene Sulfonate U 2.5 420 Blend Sulfonate AB 4.5 390 Alkylaromatic Sulfonate F 5 390 Linear dodecylxylene Sulfonate B 5 390 Alkylaromatic Sulfonate C 5 395 Alkylaromatic Sulfonate J 5 Low Alkylaromatic Sulfonate M 5 445 Petroleum Sulfonate K 5 Medium Alkylaromatic Sulfonate W 5 458 Petroleum Sulfonate G 5 460 Alkylaromatic Sulfonate L 5 461

Sulfonate P 5 485 Dialkylnaphthalene Sulfonate D 5 490 Synthetic Sulfonate N 5 500 Petroleum Sulfonate E 5 510 Blend Sulfonate H 5 510 Blend Sulfonate X 5 510 Blend Sulfonate I 5 540 Petroleum Sulfonate Y 5 540 Petroleum Sulfonate V 5 600 Petroleum Sulfonate A 49 mis emulsion & 520 Alkylaromatic

51 mis water

[00021] Various binary blends were tested for emulsion performance. Table 4

illustrates the best performing blends of those tested, and is a compilation of Tables 3 and

5 through 14.

TABLE 4

Best Binary Blends

% of % of

Sulfonate 1 Sulfonate 2 Sulfonate 1 Sulfonate 2 Rating

Sulfonate AA .. 100 0.5

Sulfonate B 50 50 0

Sulfonate E 90 10 0

Sulfonate I 80 20 0

Sulfonate F 80 20 1-1.5 Sulfonate J 80 20 0

Sulfonate K 60 40 2-2.5

Sulfonate L 80 20 0.5

Sulfonate M 40-80 60-20 1-1.5

Sulfonate N 40-80 60-20 1-1.5

Sulfonate P 80 20 0

Sulfonate V 90 10 1-1.5

Sulfonate W 80 20 2-2.5

Sulfonate X 90 10 0

Sulfonate Y 90 10 0

Sulfonate E 80 20 2-2.5

Sulfonate I 45 55 1-1.5

Sulfonate V 40 60 0

Sulfonate U 90 10 2-2.5

Sulfonate X 75 25 1-1.5

Sulfonate Y 70 30 2-2.5

[00022] Of the above listed sulfonates, Sulfonate I, Sulfonate M, Sulfonate N, Sulfonate V, Sulfonate W and Sulfonate Y were natural sodium petroleum sulfonates.

[00023] Table 5 illustrates the emulsion test results of the combinations of Sulfonate AB with the various sulfonates listed above. As can be seen, Sulfonate AB produced stable emulsions when blended in certain proportions with Sulfonate AA,

Sulfonate I, Sulfonate E, Sulfonate U, Sulfonate Y, Sulfonate X and Sulfonate V.

[00024] Table 6 illustrates the emulsion test results of the combinations of Sulfonate AA with the various sulfonates listed above. Sulfonate AA produced stable

emulsions when blended in certain proportions with Sulfonate B, Sulfonate I, Sulfonate P, Sulfonate E, Sulfonate F, Sulfonate Y, Sulfonate L, Sulfonate X, Sulfonate V,

Sulfonate W, Sulfonate J, Sulfonate K, Sulfonate M and Sulfonate N.

[00025] Tables 7 to 15 illustrate the emulsion test results for sulfonate

combinations with respectively Sulfonate F, Sulfonate Y, Sulfonate A, Sulfonate J, Sulfonate X, Sulfonate K, Sulfonate M, Sulfonate V and Sulfonate G. As can be seen,

none of these sulfonate blends provided satisfactory emulsifier compositions.

[00026] Referring now to Table 16 below, binary blends with Sulfonate R were

best when the Sulfonate R was combined with Sulfonate AA, although Sulfonate AB also

provided satisfactory emulsion test results as well as Sulfonate F, Sulfonate J, Sulfonate M and Sulfonate N.

TABLE 5

Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate AB

Θ Same sulfonate

Results on another table

TABLE 6 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate AA

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 7 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate F

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 8 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate Y

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 9 Emulsions on blends with Sulfonate A

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 10 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate J

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 11 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate X

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 12 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate K

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 13 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate M

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 14 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate V

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 15 Emulsions on Blends with Sulfonate G

(-) Same sulfonate

(x) Results on another table

TABLE 16 Emulsions on Binary Blends with Sulfonate R

0 0.5

1-1.5 Petronate L and HL-I

2-2.5 Equal Equilon HL

5 No emulsion

[00027] The natural alkali metal petroleum sulfonate can also be combined with

more than one synthetic alkali metal sulfonate in ternary mixtures. For example, Table 17 below sets forth emulsion test results for various combinations of Sulfonate R (natural sodium petroleum sulfonate) with Sulfonate X and Sulfonate O. The designation "B&C"

refers to quality of blending and clarity. "Hazy/Sep" indicates a hazy condition with

separation of the emulsion. The emulsion ratings are as indicated above.

TABLE 17

Ternary Blend to Sulfonate R

Oil Blend

Sulfonate R Sulfonate X Sulfonate O Clarity Emulsion

100 0 0 B&C 2.5

90 0 10 B&C 2

85 0 15 B&C 2

80 0 20 Hazy/Sep 4.5

80 5 15 B&C 2

80 10 10 B&C 3

80 20 0 B&C 4.5

75 5 20 B&C 2.5

70 5 25 Hazy 2.5

70 10 20 B&C 2

70 20 10 B&C 5

65 10 25 B&C 2.5

60 10 30 Hazy 5

60 15 25 B&C 3.5

60 20 20 B&C 4.5

55 20 25 B&C 3.5

50 15 35 Hazy/Sep 2.5

50 20 30 Hazy/Sep 2.5

50 25 25 B&C 3.5

50 30 20 B&C 4.5

50 35 15 B&C 5

50 40 10 B&C 5 .

50 50 0 B&C 5 [00028] As can be seen, the best ternary mixtures were those in which the natural

petroleum Sulfonate R comprised at least about 50% of the mixture and the amount of Sulfonate O exceeded the amount of Sulfonate X.

[00029] While the above description contains many specifics, these specifics

should not be construed as limitations of the invention, but merely as exemplifications of

preferred embodiments thereof.

Claims

What is Claimed is:

1. An emulsifier composition comprising a blend of:

a) at least one natural alkali metal petroleum sulfonate; and

b) at least one synthetic alkali metal sulfonate.

2. The emulsifier composition of claim 1 wherein the alkali metal is sodium.

3. The emulsifier composition of claim 1 wherein the synthetic alkali metal

sulfonate is produced by the sulfonation of linear or branched alkyl or alkylaromatic

compounds.

4. The emulsifier composition of claim 1 comprising at least 30% by weight of the synthetic alkali metal sulfonate.

5. The emulsifier composition of claim 1 wherein the synthetic alkali metal

sulfonate comprises a synthetic sodium branched dodecylxylene sulfonate having an

equivalent weight of from about 500 to about 550.

6. The emulsifier composition of claim 1 comprises at least about 40% by weight

of at least one synthetic sodium alkyl aromatic sulfonate having an equivalent weight of

from about 350 to about 400 and wherein the natural alkali metal sulfonate comprises at least one natural sodium petroleum sulfonate.

7. The emulsifier composition of claim 1 further comprising: c) an alkali metal salt of a mixed natural and synthetic sulfonate blend.

8. The emulsifier composition of claim 7 wherein the natural alkali metal

sulfonate constitutes at least 50 % by weight of the emulsifier composition and comprises

the sodium salt of a sulfonate from a mineral oil yielding an equivalent weight of from about 450 to about 470.

9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the alkali metal salt of the mixed natural and synthetic sulfonate blend comprises the sodium salt of a blend of sulfonates from a mineral oil, a C₁₂-C₁₄ dialkylbenzene sulfonate and a C₂₀-C₂₄ monoalkylbenzene sulfonate with an equivalent weight of about 510 to about 530.

10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the synthetic alkali metal sulfonate

comprises a sodium salt of tridecylbenzene sulfonate having an equivalent weight of from about 330 to about 350.

11. The composition of claim 10 wherein the quantity of the of synthetic sodium

salt of the tridecylbenzene sulfonate exceeds the quantity of the sodium salt of the mixed

natural and synthetic sulfonate blend.

12. A water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate which comprises: a) at least one oil of lubricating viscosity, and

b) a blend of emulsifiers in admixture with the oil in an amount sufficient to

provide a stable aqueous emulsion upon the addition of an aqueous medium thereto, the

blend of emulsifiers comprising:

(i) at least one natural alkali metal petroleum sulfonate; and, (ii) at least one synthetic alkali metal sulfonate.

13. The water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate of claim 12 wherein the oil of

lubricating viscosity comprises a mineral and/or synthetic lubricating oil selected from the group consisting of oils obtained by the distillation of paraffinic crude oil, intermediate crude oil, naphthenic crude oil, petroleum residue, solvent refined oils, hydrogenation refined oils, dewaxed oils, clay treated oils, low molecular weigh

polybutene, low molecular weight polypropylene, oligomers of alpha-olefϊns having from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms, alkylbenzenes, alkymaphthalenes and combinations thereof.

14. The water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate of claim 13 wherein the blend

of emulsifiers constitutes from about 1% to about 50% by weight of the concentrate.

15. The water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate of claim 13 further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of fatty acid soap, extreme

pressure additive, anticorrosion agents, biostatic agents and biocidal agents.

16. The water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate of claim 13 wherein the

synthetic alkali metal sulfonate comprises one or more of a sodium branched dodecybcylene sulfonate, sodium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium tridecylbenzene

sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or sodium dialkylbenzene sulfonate.

17. An aqueous lubricant oil-containing emulsion containing:

a) water; and

b) a water-miscible lubricating oil concentrate which comprises: i) at least one oil of lubricating viscosity, and

ii) a blend of emulsifiers in admixture with the oil in an amount sufficient to provide a stable aqueous emulsion upon the addition of an aqueous medium thereto, the blend of emulsifiers including at least one natural alkali metal

petroleum sulfonate, and at least one synthetic alkali metal sulfonate.

18. The aqueous lubricant oil-containing emulsion of claim 16 wherein the blend of emulsifiers further includes an alkali metal salt of a mixed natural and synthetic sulfonate blend.

19. The aqueous lubricant oil containing emulsion of claim 16, wherein said

emulsion is a metalworking lubricant.