WO2006087401A1 - Tap changer for medium-/low-voltage transformers - Google Patents

Tap changer for medium-/low-voltage transformers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006087401A1
WO2006087401A1 PCT/ES2006/000058 ES2006000058W WO2006087401A1 WO 2006087401 A1 WO2006087401 A1 WO 2006087401A1 ES 2006000058 W ES2006000058 W ES 2006000058W WO 2006087401 A1 WO2006087401 A1 WO 2006087401A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
medium
transformer
auxiliary windings
low voltage
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Application number
PCT/ES2006/000058
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Darío MONROY BERJILLOS
Antonio GÓMEZ EXPÓSITO
Original Assignee
Universidad De Sevilla
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Publication of WO2006087401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006087401A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • G05F1/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • G05F1/20—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tap-changer device for medium / low voltage distribution transformers, of those used to vary the voltage levels at the output of the transformer.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device capable of making the changes of sockets in charge, that is, without interruption of the power supply to the users, allowing to make the changes of sockets either manually or automatically or remotely.
  • the maintenance of the output voltage of the distribution transformers within the permitted or desired margins depending on the load circumstances is traditionally carried out by changing the transformation ratio of said devices, so that the voltage ratio It changes accordingly.
  • the main windings are provided with a set of auxiliary windings that connect and disconnect from the main one, add or reduce turns, thus changing the transformation ratio, or what is the same, varying the output voltage.
  • the switching process is currently carried out by two Basic ways: On load or without load.
  • Load switching is common in high / medium voltage transformers, the service of which cannot be interrupted without seriously damaging the operation of the system.
  • a large electronic regulator with moving elements is used, and with slow operation and requires expensive maintenance, being also a source of numerous failures throughout the life of the transformer due to the appearance of switching arcs.
  • the switching without load is typical of the transformers of medium / low voltage of the transformation centers, in which the switching device in load is too bulky and expensive, so that the service is interrupted while the switching is carried out, with the consequent momentary damage to the users of said distribution network.
  • a tap-changer is used under cover, which manually and after having previously put the transformer out of service, allows changes in the transformation ratio to be made promptly. In this case, the number of shots and tensions possible in very limited.
  • the tap changer for medium / low voltage transformers proposed by the invention solves in a fully satisfactory way the ethical problem described above in each of the aspects mentioned, since said device offers a new configuration with minimal intervention in terms of structure and size of sayings transformers, with a low cost of realization, so that their implantation is assumable both in the existing medium / low voltage transformers and in the new ones, thus allowing the regulation in load, both manually and automatically or remotely, of the same.
  • the invention replaces the mechanical switches associated with the medium voltage windings corresponding to each of the three phases of the current medium / low voltage distribution transformers with electronic switches based on power electronics, through the use of switched thyristors, of electric seml drive.
  • the first proposed system uses four sockets and three auxiliary windings, common in this type of transformers, with only four electronic switches, instead of the six sockets, four coils and five switches of the manually operated mechanical switching system used up to now.
  • the electronic switches are arranged on four sockets of the medium / low voltage transformer, so that they allow four possible paths of the current through the different auxiliary windings, enabling four levels of voltage at the output of the transformer.
  • This assembly is applicable to existing medium / low voltage transformers since it does not make any changes in the structure of the sockets and coils.
  • the current does not circulate simultaneously through more than one switch, which avoids greater voltage drops and heating.
  • a second proposed system consists of the use of eight electronic switches based on switched thyristors, arranged two by two, on branches parallel to four of the sockets. By means of the interaction of these switches, nine different output voltages are achieved, without changing the structure or the number of the windings currently existing in the medium / low voltage transformers, being able to optimize the transformers of subsequent manufacture.
  • the increase in the number of possible voltages achieved in this second system is due to the fact that the assembly allows current circulation both in one direction and the other way in each auxiliary winding, as well as the non-circulation through any of the auxiliary windings , depending on whether the switches are open or closed, so that the flows generated can both be added and subtracted, the latter being the one that allows the increase in obtainable voltage values.
  • Figure L- Sample an electrical diagram of a static tap changer for manual medium voltage transformers.
  • one of the auxiliary windings in each phase and two of the sockets could be eliminated, since they are not used, which would reduce the final price of the set.
  • a second proposed system consists of the use of eight static electronic switches based on switched thyristors, arranged two by two, on branches parallel to four of the sockets. By means of the interaction of these switches, nine different output voltages are achieved, without changing the structure or the number of the windings currently existing in the medium / low voltage transformers, being able to optimize the transformers of subsequent manufacture.
  • Figure 3 shows a wiring diagram of a second possible practical embodiment of the invention, in which eight electronic switches and all auxiliary windings are used.
  • the tap-changer device for medium / low voltage transformers proposed by the invention uses only four sockets (9 ), (10), (11) and (12) of the six possible, minimizing the number of electronic switches used to four, connecting two of them (15) and (15 ') in parallel by one of its ends to the socket (9) and on the contrary, respectively to the sockets (11) and (13), so that the electronic switches (15 ") and (15 '") are connected in parallel to the socket (10) and at its opposite end to the sockets (11) and (13) respectively.
  • This system can be applied to newly constructed transformers, eliminating the sockets (8) and (12), and reducing the windings (6) and
  • connection of the set of auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6) and (7) to the main windings (3), (3 ') is altered, so that from the sockets (8), (9), (12) and (13), two branches are connected to each of said sockets, one of the branches of each mentioned socket connected to the winding (3) through their respective electronic switches (16), (18), (20) and (22) and the other connected to the winding (3 '), by means of electronic switches (17), (19), (21) and (23).
  • This arrangement and control of the electronic switches makes nine routes possible through the auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6) and (7) that generate nine different and equidistant voltage levels at the output of the transformer, since by means of said structuring the circulation in both directions of the inductor current through the auxiliary coils is possible, which is achieved, in addition to the five voltage levels obtained (four of them by adding the voltage levels created by the auxiliary windings), four levels of lower value when generating the reverse currents on the auxiliary windings voltages of the same value, but opposite sign.
  • no switches are interposed between the sockets (10) and (11), so that the winding structure can be optimized in transformers of future manufacture by reducing the windings (5) and (6) to a single winding with a number of turns equivalent to the sum of the two.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tap changer for medium-/low-voltage transformers. The inventive changer can be used to regulate the voltage levels at the output of the medium-/low-voltage transformer as a function of the distribution line load associated with same, by replacing the standard mechanical switches connected to the taps thereof (8), (9), (10), (11), (12) and (13) with a series of static electronic switches (15), (15'), (15''), (15''') based on power electronics, which, upon controlled actuation, can be used to establish different flows of current through the auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6) and (7) and, consequently, different voltage levels at the output. The aforementioned switches can be regulated automatically or remote controlled in order to maintain the required output voltage without having to disconnect the medium-/low-voltage transformer load.

Description

CAMBIADOR DE TOMAS PARA TRANSFORMADORES DE SHIFT CHANGER FOR TRANSFORMERS
MEDIA/BAJA TENSIÓNHALF / LOW VOLTAGE
D E S C R I P C I Ó ND E S C R I P C I Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCKNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invenciάi se refiere a un dispositivo cambiador de tomas para transformadores de distribuciάi de media/baja tensión, de los utilizados para variar los niveles de tensiάi a la salida del transformador.The present invention relates to a tap-changer device for medium / low voltage distribution transformers, of those used to vary the voltage levels at the output of the transformer.
El objeto de la invención es proporcionar un dispositivo capaz de realizar los cambios de tomas en carga, es decir, sin interrupciάi del suministro eléctrico a los usuarios, permitiendo realizar los cambios de tomas tanto de forma manual como automatizada o telemandada.The object of the invention is to provide a device capable of making the changes of sockets in charge, that is, without interruption of the power supply to the users, allowing to make the changes of sockets either manually or automatically or remotely.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCKNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENCKN
El mantenimiento de la tensión de salida de los transformadores de distribución dentro de los má rgenes permitidos o deseados en función de las circunstancias de carga se viene realizando tradicionalmente mediante el cambio de la relación de transformación de dichos dispositivos, de manera que la relación de tensiones cambia consecuentemente. Para ello, se dota a los devanados principales de un conjunto de devanados auxiliares que conecta ndose y desconecta ndose del principal, añiden o reducen espiras, cambiando así la relación de transformación, o lo que es lo mismo, variando la tensión de salida.The maintenance of the output voltage of the distribution transformers within the permitted or desired margins depending on the load circumstances is traditionally carried out by changing the transformation ratio of said devices, so that the voltage ratio It changes accordingly. For this, the main windings are provided with a set of auxiliary windings that connect and disconnect from the main one, add or reduce turns, thus changing the transformation ratio, or what is the same, varying the output voltage.
El proceso de conmutación se realiza en la actualidad de dos maneras bá sicas: En carga o sin carga.The switching process is currently carried out by two Basic ways: On load or without load.
La conmutación en carga es habitual en los transformadores de alta/ media tensiάi, cuyo servicio no puede ser interrumpido sin perjudicar gravemente el funcionamiento del sistema. Para esta conmutaciάi en carga se usa un regulador electrónico de gran tamafe, con elementos móviles, y con un funcionamiento lento y que requiere un costoso mantenimiento, siendo adema s fuente de numerosas averí as a lo largo de la vida útil del transformador por la aparición de arcos de conmutación.Load switching is common in high / medium voltage transformers, the service of which cannot be interrupted without seriously damaging the operation of the system. For this load switching, a large electronic regulator with moving elements is used, and with slow operation and requires expensive maintenance, being also a source of numerous failures throughout the life of the transformer due to the appearance of switching arcs.
La conmutación sin carga es típica de los transformadores de media/ baja tensión de los centros de transformación, en los que el dispositivo de conmutación en carga resulta demasiado voluminoso y costoso, por lo que el servicio es interrumpido mientras se realiza la conmutación, con el consiguiente perjuicio momentá neo para los usuarios de dicha red de distribución.The switching without load is typical of the transformers of medium / low voltage of the transformation centers, in which the switching device in load is too bulky and expensive, so that the service is interrupted while the switching is carried out, with the consequent momentary damage to the users of said distribution network.
Para la conmutación sin carga se usa un cambiador de tomas bajo tapa, que de forma manual y tras poner previamente fuera de servicio el transformador, permite realizar puntualmente cambios en la relación de transformación. En este caso, el número de tomas y tensiones posibles en muy limitado.For switching without load, a tap-changer is used under cover, which manually and after having previously put the transformer out of service, allows changes in the transformation ratio to be made promptly. In this case, the number of shots and tensions possible in very limited.
En la actualidad, el mayor desarrollo de la electrónica de potencia ha permitido la existencia de dispositivos electrónicos está ticos, capaces de establecer e interrumpir corrientes del orden de las que pueden aparecer en la conmutación en carga de los transformadores de distribución y se han planteado diversas posibilidades de aplicación para sustituir los cambiadores de tomas electromecá nicos por otros está ticos electrónicos. Para que los cambiadores está ticos sean eficaces y rentables se requiere que el número de interruptores electrάiicos sea mínimo, el número de tomas necesarias ( lo que implica el número de bobinas auxiliares) sea también mínimo, y que el número de pasos obtenidos sea má ximo (número de relaciones de transformaciάi diferentes). También es necesario que la má xima tensiάi a la que cualquier interruptor electrónico esté sometido cuando se encuentra en corte esté por debajo de la admisible sin que se deteriore, y que el número de interruptores cerrados en serie que ha de atravesar la corriente sea mínimo para evitar caídas de tensión excesivas.At present, the greater development of power electronics has allowed the existence of static electronic devices, capable of establishing and interrupting currents of the order that may appear in the switching of the load of the distribution transformers and have raised various Application possibilities to replace the electromechanical tap-changer with other electronic static. For static changers to be efficient and cost-effective, the number of electrical switches is required to be minimal, the number of necessary sockets (which implies the number of auxiliary coils) is also minimal, and that the number of steps obtained is maximum (number of different transformation relationships). It is also necessary that the maximum voltage to which any electronic switch is subjected when it is in cut is below the permissible without deterioration, and that the number of switches closed in series that the current has to pass through is minimal for avoid excessive voltage drops.
Hasta hoy, el desarrollo se ha centrado en la aplicaciάi de cambiadores está ticos en carga basados en tiristores controlados para los transformadores de alta tensión a media tensión, sin que se haya realizado ninguna aplicación prá etica a los transformadores de media a baja tensión típicos de los centros de transformación.Until today, the development has focused on the application of static load changers based on controlled thyristors for high voltage medium voltage transformers, without any practical application to the medium to low voltage transformers typical of The transformation centers.
Este hecho se debe a la hasta ahora menor incidencia individual de estos transformadores en el conjunto de la red, y a elevado número de ellos existente, que hace técnica y económicamente inviable el uso de cambiadores de tomas clá sicos por complejidad, coste y mantenimiento, tanto de implantación, como de adaptación de los transformadores ya instalados.This fact is due to the lower individual incidence of these transformers in the network as a whole, and to a large number of them, which makes the use of classic tap changers technically and economically unfeasible due to complexity, cost and maintenance, both of implantation, as of adaptation of the transformers already installed.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El cambiador de tomas para transformadores de media/baja tensión que la invención propone resuelve de manera plenamente satisfactoria la problema tica anteriormente expuesta en cada uno de los aspectos comentados, ya que dicho dispositivo ofrece una configuración nueva con una intervención mínima en cuanto a la estructura y tamafb de dichos transformadores, con un bajo coste de realización, de manera que sea asumible su implantaciάi tanto en los transformadores de media/baja tensión existentes como en los de nueva fabricación, permitiéndose así la regulación en carga, tanto de forma manual como automatizada o telemandada, de los mismos.The tap changer for medium / low voltage transformers proposed by the invention solves in a fully satisfactory way the ethical problem described above in each of the aspects mentioned, since said device offers a new configuration with minimal intervention in terms of structure and size of sayings transformers, with a low cost of realization, so that their implantation is assumable both in the existing medium / low voltage transformers and in the new ones, thus allowing the regulation in load, both manually and automatically or remotely, of the same.
La invención sustituye los conmutadores meca nicos asociados a los devanados de media tensión correspondientes a cada una de las tres fases de los transformadores de distribución de media/baja tensión actuales por interruptores electrónicos basados en electrónica de potencia, mediante el uso de tiristores conmutados, de accionamiento por seml eléctrica.The invention replaces the mechanical switches associated with the medium voltage windings corresponding to each of the three phases of the current medium / low voltage distribution transformers with electronic switches based on power electronics, through the use of switched thyristors, of electric seml drive.
A partir de dicha sustitución, se establecen dos configuraciones posibles en función del número de tensiones de salida distintas que se quieran obtener.From this replacement, two possible configurations are established depending on the number of different output voltages that you want to obtain.
El primer sistema propuesto, utiliza sdo cuatro tomas y tres devanados auxiliares, habituales en este tipo de transformadores, con sάo cuatro interruptores electrónicos, en lugar de las seis tomas, cuatro bobinas y cinco interruptores del sistema de conmutación meca nico de accionamiento manual utilizado hasta ahora.The first proposed system uses four sockets and three auxiliary windings, common in this type of transformers, with only four electronic switches, instead of the six sockets, four coils and five switches of the manually operated mechanical switching system used up to now.
Los interruptores electrónicos están dispuestos sobre cuatro tomas del transformador media/baja tensión, de manera que permiten cuatro recorridos posibles de la corriente a través de los distintos devanados auxiliares, posibilitando cuatro niveles de tensión a la salida del transformandor.The electronic switches are arranged on four sockets of the medium / low voltage transformer, so that they allow four possible paths of the current through the different auxiliary windings, enabling four levels of voltage at the output of the transformer.
Este montaje es aplicable a los transformadores de media/baja tensión ya existentes ya que no realiza ningún cambio en la estructura de las tomas y de las bobinas.This assembly is applicable to existing medium / low voltage transformers since it does not make any changes in the structure of the sockets and coils.
Para el caso de aplicaciάi a transformadores de futura fabricación, podrí an eliminarse uno de los devanados auxiliares en cada fase y dos de las tomas, ya que no se utilizan, lo que abarataría el precio final del conjunto.In the case of application to transformers of future manufacture, one of the auxiliary windings could be eliminated in each phase and two of the sockets, since they are not used, which would reduce the final price of the set.
Esta disposición es adecuada cuando basten cuatro niveles de tensiones para satisfacer la regulación de la tensión de salida.This arrangement is adequate when four voltage levels are sufficient to satisfy the regulation of the output voltage.
De acuerdo con otra de las características de la invención, se consigue mediante esta disposiciάi que la corriente no circule simultá neamente por mas de un interruptor, lo que evita mayores caídas de tensión y calentamientos.According to another of the characteristics of the invention, it is achieved by this provision that the current does not circulate simultaneously through more than one switch, which avoids greater voltage drops and heating.
Un segundo sistema propuesto consiste en la utilización de ocho interruptores electrónicos está ticos basados en tiristores conmutados, dispuestos de dos en dos, en ramas paralelas a cuatro de las tomas. Mediante la interacción de dichos interruptores se consiguen nueve tensiones diferentes de salida, sin cambiar la estructura ni el número de los devanados existentes actualmente en los transformadores de media/baja tensión, pudiéndose optimizar los transformadores de posterior fabricación.A second proposed system consists of the use of eight electronic switches based on switched thyristors, arranged two by two, on branches parallel to four of the sockets. By means of the interaction of these switches, nine different output voltages are achieved, without changing the structure or the number of the windings currently existing in the medium / low voltage transformers, being able to optimize the transformers of subsequent manufacture.
Sin embargo, para adoptar la configuración electrónica requerida se hace necesario separar " eléctricamente" los devanados auxiliares de los principales, lo que puede realizarse mediante una intervención mínima en los transformadores ya existentes, o de forma inmediata en los de posterior fabricación, pudiéndo entonces realizarse dicha optimizado! del transformador modificando la estructura de los devanados, sustituyendo dos de los devanados auxiliares por uno solo de doble número de espiras. El incremento en el número de tensiones posibles conseguido en éste segundo sistema es debido a que el montaje permite la circulaciάi de corriente tanto en un sentido como en el contrario en cada devanado auxiliar, así como la no circulacicn a través de ninguno de los devanados auxiliares, en funcich de que interruptores estén abiertos o cerrados, con lo que los flujos generados pueden tanto sumarse como restarse, siendo esta última posibilidad la que permite el incremento de valores de tensiάi obtenibles.However, in order to adopt the required electronic configuration, it is necessary to "electrically" separate the auxiliary windings from the main ones, which can be carried out by means of a minimal intervention in the existing transformers, or immediately in the subsequent ones, and can then be carried out. optimized bliss! of the transformer modifying the structure of the windings, replacing two of the auxiliary windings with a single one of double number of turns. The increase in the number of possible voltages achieved in this second system is due to the fact that the assembly allows current circulation both in one direction and the other way in each auxiliary winding, as well as the non-circulation through any of the auxiliary windings , depending on whether the switches are open or closed, so that the flows generated can both be added and subtracted, the latter being the one that allows the increase in obtainable voltage values.
De esta forma, el flujo generado se sumará o restará al principal según sea la conexich, mientras que en los montajes existentes hasta ahora sdo se sumaban, con lo que se consigue aradir cuatro valores adicionales a los cinco posibles hasta ahora en este tipo de transformadores.In this way, the generated flow will be added or subtracted from the main one according to the connection, while in the existing assemblies so far they have been added, with which it is possible to add four additional values to the five possible so far in this type of transformers .
Con esta estructuraciάi, se logra que solo circule corriente simultá neamente por dos de los interruptores para cada valor de tensiάi, lo que minimiza las caídas de tensión al paso de la corriente.With this structuring, it is achieved that only current flows simultaneously through two of the switches for each voltage value, which minimizes the voltage drops as the current passes.
DESCRIPCI(N DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripcich que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensiάi de las caracterí sticas del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realizacicα prá etica del mismo, se acompam como parte integrante de dicha descripcicn, un juego de dibujos en donde con cara cter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a set of drawings was accompanied as an integral part of said description. where with illustrative and non-limiting face, the following has been represented:
La figura L- Muestra, un esquema eléctrico de un cambiador está tico de tomas para transformadores de media tensión manual. Para el caso de aplicación a transformadores de futura fabricación, podrían eliminarse uno de los devanados auxiliares en cada fase y dos de las tomas, ya que no se utilizan, lo que abarataría el precio final del conjunto.Figure L- Sample, an electrical diagram of a static tap changer for manual medium voltage transformers. In the case of application to transformers of future manufacture, one of the auxiliary windings in each phase and two of the sockets could be eliminated, since they are not used, which would reduce the final price of the set.
Esta disposición es adecuada cuando basten cuatro niveles de tensiones para satisfacer la regulación de la tensión de salida.This arrangement is adequate when four voltage levels are sufficient to satisfy the regulation of the output voltage.
De acuerdo con otra de las características de la invención, se consigue mediante esta disposición que la corriente no circule simultáneamente por mas de un interruptor, lo que evita mayores caídas de tensión y calentamientos.According to another of the characteristics of the invention, it is achieved by this arrangement that the current does not circulate simultaneously through more than one switch, which avoids greater voltage drops and heating.
Un segundo sistema propuesto consiste en la utilización de ocho interruptores electrónicos estáticos basados en tiristores conmutados, dispuestos de dos en dos, en ramas paralelas a cuatro de las tomas. Mediante la interacción de dichos interruptores se consiguen nueve tensiones diferentes de salida, sin cambiar la estructura ni el número de los devanados existentes actualmente en los transformadores de media/baja tensión, pudiéndose optimizar los transformadores de posterior fabricación.A second proposed system consists of the use of eight static electronic switches based on switched thyristors, arranged two by two, on branches parallel to four of the sockets. By means of the interaction of these switches, nine different output voltages are achieved, without changing the structure or the number of the windings currently existing in the medium / low voltage transformers, being able to optimize the transformers of subsequent manufacture.
Sin embargo, para adoptar la configuración electrónica requerida se hace necesario separar "eléctricamente" los devanados auxiliares de los principales, lo que puede realizarse mediante una intervención mínima en los transformadores ya existentes, o de forma inmediata en los de posterior fabricación, pudiéndo entonces realizarse dicha optimización del transformador modificando la estructura de los devanados, sustituyendo dos de los devanados auxiliares por uno solo de doble número de espiras.However, in order to adopt the required electronic configuration, it is necessary to "electrically" separate the auxiliary windings from the main ones, which can be carried out by means of a minimal intervention in the existing transformers, or immediately in the subsequent ones, and can then be carried out. said optimization of the transformer by modifying the structure of the windings, replacing two of the auxiliary windings with a single one with a double number of turns.
El incremento en el número de tensiones posibles conseguido en éste segundo sistema es debido a que el montaje permite la circulación de electrónicos y tres de los devanados auxiliares.The increase in the number of possible stresses achieved in this second system is because the assembly allows the circulation of electronic and three of the auxiliary windings.
La figura 3.- Muestra, un esquema eléctrico de una segunda realización práctica posible de la invención, en la que se utilizan ocho interruptores electrónicos y la totalidad de los devanados auxiliares.Figure 3 shows a wiring diagram of a second possible practical embodiment of the invention, in which eight electronic switches and all auxiliary windings are used.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A partir de la estructuración clásica de un transformador media/baja tensión con cambiador de tomas por accionamiento mecánico, como el representado en la figura 1, con sus tres devanados de media tensión (1), (T) y (1"), correspondientes a cada una de las fases entrantes al mismo, y sus respectivos tres devanados de baja tensión (2), (2') y (2"), y estando divididos cada uno de dichos devanados de media tensión (1), (1') y (1") en una bobina principal, dividida a su vez en dos devanados (3), (3'), a cada uno de las cuales se le conectan dos devanados auxiliares (4), (5), (6) y (7) en serie, y siendo los puntos de unión accesibles mediante bornes o tomas (8), (9), (10), (11), (12) y (13), soldadas a tal efecto, la invención propone la sustitución en cada uno de los devanados de media tensión (1), (I5) y (1") de los interruptores mecánicos (14) por interruptores electrónicos estáticos (15), (15'), (15") y (15"')> basados en tiristores conmutados, que pueden ser regulados automáticamente o telemandados, para conseguir la tensión de salida requerida sin necesidad de desconectar la carga del transformador de media/baja tensión.From the classic structuring of a medium / low voltage transformer with tap changer by mechanical actuation, as shown in Figure 1, with its three medium voltage windings (1), (T) and (1 "), corresponding to each of the phases entering it, and their respective three low voltage windings (2), (2 ') and (2 "), and each of said medium voltage windings (1), (1' being divided ) and (1 ") in a main coil, divided in turn into two windings (3), (3 '), to each of which two auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6) are connected and (7) in series, and the connection points being accessible by terminals or sockets (8), (9), (10), (11), (12) and (13), welded for this purpose, the invention proposes the replacement in each of the medium voltage windings (1), (I 5 ) and (1 ") of the mechanical switches (14) by static electronic switches (15), (15 '), (15") and ( 15 "') > based on switched thyristors, which can be regulated s automatically or remotely controlled, to achieve the required output voltage without disconnecting the medium / low voltage transformer load.
Para ello, y de acuerdo con un primer ejemplo de realización práctica de la invención, tal y como se puede observar en la figura 2, el dispositivo cambiador de tomas para transformadores media/baja tensión que la invención propone, utiliza únicamente cuatro tomas (9), (10), (11) y (12) de las seis posibles, minimizando el número de interruptores electrónicos empleados a cuatro, conectándose dos de ellos (15) y (15') en paralelo por uno de sus extremos a la toma (9) y por el contrario, respectivamente a las tomas (11) y (13), de manera que los interruptores electrónicos (15") y (15'") se conectan en paralelo a la toma (10) y por su extremo contrario a las tomas (11) y (13) respectivamente.For this, and according to a first practical embodiment of the invention, as can be seen in Figure 2, the tap-changer device for medium / low voltage transformers proposed by the invention uses only four sockets (9 ), (10), (11) and (12) of the six possible, minimizing the number of electronic switches used to four, connecting two of them (15) and (15 ') in parallel by one of its ends to the socket (9) and on the contrary, respectively to the sockets (11) and (13), so that the electronic switches (15 ") and (15 '") are connected in parallel to the socket (10) and at its opposite end to the sockets (11) and (13) respectively.
Se consigue así, mediante el accionamiento de sólo uno de los interruptores (15), (15'), (15") y (15'"), que la corriente circule a través de cuatro recorridos distintos atravesando o no las distintas bobinas auxiliares (5),It is thus achieved, by actuating only one of the switches (15), (15 '), (15 ") and (15'"), that the current circulates through four different paths through or not through the different auxiliary coils (5),
(6) y (7), y por lo tanto circulando a través de cuatro conjuntos posibles de números de espiras, lo que conlleva cuatro niveles de tensiones posibles a la salida del transformador.(6) and (7), and therefore circulating through four possible sets of numbers of turns, which entails four levels of possible voltages at the output of the transformer.
Este sistema puede aplicarse a transformadores de nueva construcción, eliminando las tomas (8) y (12), y reduciendo los devanados (6) yThis system can be applied to newly constructed transformers, eliminating the sockets (8) and (12), and reducing the windings (6) and
(7) a uno solo.(7) to only one.
De acuerdo con un segundo ejemplo de realización práctica de la invención, tal y como se observa en la figura 3, la conexión del conjunto de los devanados auxiliares (4), (5), (6) y (7) a los devanados principales (3), (3') se altera, de manera que a partir de las tomas (8), (9), (12) y (13), se conectan dos ramas a cada una de dichas tomas, estando una de las ramas de cada citada toma conectada al devanado (3) a través de sus respectivos interruptores electrónicos (16), (18),(20) y (22) y la otra conectada al devanado (3'), por medio de los interruptores electrónicos (17), (19), (21) y (23).According to a second example of practical embodiment of the invention, as seen in Figure 3, the connection of the set of auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6) and (7) to the main windings (3), (3 ') is altered, so that from the sockets (8), (9), (12) and (13), two branches are connected to each of said sockets, one of the branches of each mentioned socket connected to the winding (3) through their respective electronic switches (16), (18), (20) and (22) and the other connected to the winding (3 '), by means of electronic switches (17), (19), (21) and (23).
Por lo tanto, para que circule corriente a través de dicho circuito, y por consiguiente, se genere un nivel de tensión a la salida del transformador, es necesario que dos interruptores electrónicos estén conectados simultáneamente, uno perteneciente a la rama (16)-(18)-(20)-(22) que está conectada al devanado (3) y otro perteneciente a la rama (17)-(19)-(21)-(23) que está conectada al devanado (3'), para poder cerrar el circuito.Therefore, for current to flow through said circuit, and therefore, a voltage level is generated at the output of the transformer, it is necessary that two electronic switches be connected simultaneously, one belonging to the branch (16) - (18) - (20) - (22) that is connected to the winding (3) and another belonging to the branch (17) - (19) - (21) - (23) that It is connected to the winding (3 '), in order to close the circuit.
Esta disposición y control de los interruptores electrónicos hace posibles nueve recorridos a través de los devanados auxiliares (4), (5), (6) y (7) que generan nueve niveles de tensión distintos y equidistantes a la salida del transformador, ya que mediante dicha estructuración se posibilita la circulación en ambos sentidos de la corriente inductora a través de las bobinas auxiliares, con lo que se consigue, adicionalmente a los cinco niveles de tensión obtenidos (cuatro de ellos mediante la adición de los niveles de tensión creados por los devanados auxiliares), cuatro niveles de menor valor al generar las corrientes inversas sobre los devanados auxiliares tensiones del mismo valor, pero signo contrario.This arrangement and control of the electronic switches makes nine routes possible through the auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6) and (7) that generate nine different and equidistant voltage levels at the output of the transformer, since by means of said structuring the circulation in both directions of the inductor current through the auxiliary coils is possible, which is achieved, in addition to the five voltage levels obtained (four of them by adding the voltage levels created by the auxiliary windings), four levels of lower value when generating the reverse currents on the auxiliary windings voltages of the same value, but opposite sign.
En este ejemplo de realización, entre las tomas (10) y (11) no se interpone ningún interruptor, con lo que se puede optimizar la estructura de devanados en transformadores de futura fabricación mediante la reducción de los devanados (5) y (6) a un único devanado con un número de espiras equivalente a la suma de las dos. In this exemplary embodiment, no switches are interposed between the sockets (10) and (11), so that the winding structure can be optimized in transformers of future manufacture by reducing the windings (5) and (6) to a single winding with a number of turns equivalent to the sum of the two.

Claims

RE I V I N D I C A C I O N E SRE I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
Ia.- Dispositivo cambiador de tomas para transformadores de media/baja tensión, del tipo de los utilizados en la distribución de líneas de baja tensión para permitir regular los niveles de tensión a la salida de dicho transformador en función de la carga de la línea de distribución asociada al mismo, estando constituido cada uno de sus tres devanados de media tensión (1), (V) y (1") correspondientes a cada fase, por una serie de devanados auxiliares (4), (5), (6) y (7) que pueden conectarse y desconectarse de su devanado principal para variar dicha relación de tensiones, caracterizado por incorporar, asociados a las tomas de dichos devanados auxiliares, una serie de interruptores electrónicos estáticos (15), (15'), (15") (15'"), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22) y (23), basados en electrónica de potencia, que pueden ser regulados automáticamente o telemandados, para mantener dicha tensión de salida sin necesidad de desconectar la carga del transformador de media/baja tensión.I a .- Socket changer for medium / low voltage transformers, of the type used in the distribution of low voltage lines to allow regulating the voltage levels at the output of said transformer depending on the line load of distribution associated to it, each of its three medium voltage windings (1), (V) and (1 ") corresponding to each phase being constituted, by a series of auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6 ) and (7) that can be connected and disconnected from its main winding to vary said voltage relationship, characterized by incorporating, associated to the sockets of said auxiliary windings, a series of static electronic switches (15), (15 '), ( 15 ") (15 '"), (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22) and (23), based on power electronics, which can be automatically regulated or remote controlled, to maintain said output voltage without disconnecting the load from the average transformer /low voltage.
2a.- Dispositivo cambiador de tomas para transformadores de media/baja tensión, según reivindicación Ia caracterizado incorporar cuatro interruptores electrónicos (15), (15'), (15") y (15"'), que dispuestos sobre cuatro tomas del transformador media/baja tensión permiten cuatro recorridos posibles de la corriente a través de los distintos devanados auxiliares (4), (5), (6) y (7), que generan cuatro niveles de tensión diferentes y equidistantes a la salida de dicho transformador en función del interruptor accionado.2 .- Device tap changer transformer medium / low voltage, according to claim I characterized incorporate four electronic switches (15), (15 '), (15 ") and (15"'), that arranged on four intakes The medium / low voltage transformer allows four possible paths of the current through the different auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6) and (7), which generate four different and equidistant voltage levels at the output of said transformer depending on the switch activated.
3a.- Dispositivo cambiador de tomas para transformadores de media/baja tensión, según reivindicación Ia caracterizado por incorporar ocho interruptores electrónicos (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22) y (23) distribuidos paralelamente dos a dos sobre cuatro tomas (8), (9), (12) y (13) de los devanados auxiliares (4), (5), (6) y (7) de dicho transformador, de tal manera que mediante el accionamiento simultaneo de dos de los citados interruptores se consiguen nueve recorridos posibles de la corriente a través del devanado de media tensión; un primer recorrido que evita los devanados auxiliares, cuatro recorridos distintos que atraviesan los devanados auxiliares en un sentido "positivo" y cuatro recorridos que atraviesan los devanados auxiliares en un sentido "negativo", generándose nueve niveles de tensión posibles a la salida del transformador. 3 .- Device tap changer transformer medium / low voltage, according to claim I characterized by incorporating eight electronic switches (16), (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22) and (23) distributed in parallel two to two over four shots (8), (9), (12) and (13) of the auxiliary windings (4), (5), (6) and (7) of said transformer, in such a way that by means of the simultaneous operation of two of said switches nine possible paths of the current are achieved through the winding of medium voltage; a first route that avoids auxiliary windings, four different paths that cross auxiliary windings in a "positive" direction and four paths that cross auxiliary windings in a "negative" direction, generating nine possible voltage levels at the output of the transformer.
PCT/ES2006/000058 2005-02-15 2006-02-14 Tap changer for medium-/low-voltage transformers WO2006087401A1 (en)

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ESP200500403 2005-02-15
ES200500403A ES2274684B1 (en) 2005-02-15 2005-02-15 SHIFT CHANGER FOR MEDIUM / LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS.

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