WO2006086905A2

WO2006086905A2 - Boat, particularly a submarine with hydrojet propulsion

Info

Publication number: WO2006086905A2
Application number: PCT/CH2006/000098
Authority: WO
Inventors: Laszlo Lang
Original assignee: MÖSLI, Peter
Priority date: 2005-02-17
Filing date: 2006-02-14
Publication date: 2006-08-24
Also published as: WO2006086905A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a boat, particularly a submarine (1), comprising at least one propulsion (2, 3). According to the invention, the at least one propulsion (2, 3) operates according to the hydrojet principle, and the at least one propulsion (2, 3) is preferably designed in such a manner that it draws the water via at least one intake opening, compresses it under high pressure and expels it once again for propelling, braking and/or maneuvering purposes.

Description

Ship, especially submarine

The invention relates to a ship, in particular submarine, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Such ships are known in practice. In these ships, the propulsion usually takes place via ship's propellers. At high rotational speeds of the drive screw here is the risk of cavitation, which can permanently destroy the propeller.

The invention is based on the object, a ship, respectively. Submarine to create the type mentioned, which is designed more advantageous and in which in particular the drive is improved.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a ship, in particular submarine, with the features of patent claim 1.

Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the at least one drive operates according to the hydrojet principle. In such a drive, no propellers are used, so that there is no risk of cavitation, which lead to corrosion of the propeller and contributes to their destruction, at least after a longer period. Incidentally, a drive according to the hydrojet principle may be cheaper than conventional drives, so that the ship according to the invention, at least as regards its drive, can be produced more cost-effectively than a conventional ship, in particular a submarine. This new drive can operate on the principle of laminar flow.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one drive is designed such that it sucks the water through at least one suction port, compressed to high pressure and ejected for propulsion, braking or maneuvering purposes again. In this respect, the direction of the drive can be influenced and changed in a simple manner via the ejection direction, so that the maneuverability of the ship according to the invention can also be improved. According to another embodiment of the invention, a rear-side drive with a vector thruster and a bow-sided drive for generating a negative pressure at the bow are provided, preferably both drives have control flaps for maneuvering the ship. By generating a negative pressure at the bow of the ship by means of the bow-side drive, it is possible to reduce the flow resistance of the ship in the water at least in the front region of the ship. At the same time, the water leaking to the rear along the outer shell can serve as a drive. By providing the bow-side drive, moreover, the maneuverability of the ship, in particular submarine, can be improved.

Advantageously, the at least one drive has a drive motor, preferably an electric drive motor, which is magnetically non-contact-mounted. Heretofore, in the prior art, the motors have conventionally been stored on springs and rubber buffers. The development of the invention has the advantage that vibrations of the engine can not spread to other parts of the ship. Thus, the inventive drive is extremely low vibration. Furthermore, a contact-free mounting of the at least one drive is also extremely wear-resistant, so that such a drive, at least as far as storage is concerned, has a long service life.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the at least one drive is arranged in a drive pressure body whose internal pressure is dynamically adapted to the respective external pressure. This can be complicated shaft seals, namely expensive special seals, omitted in the field of drive. A complicated deep sea seal is therefore no longer required with respect to the drive. In this respect, there is no increased pressure on a large vulnerability of the drive pressure body, namely on the implementation of the drive shaft through the respective pressure body. Thus, the same pressure can prevail in the drive-pressure body, as outside the submarine. Thus, the provision of a highly pressure-resistant special seal and the risk of leaks in the field of the drive is largely excluded in the inventive submarine.

In another embodiment of the invention, the at least one drive on a power generation unit, which is arranged in a vacuum pressure body. This development has the great advantage that the power generation unit can work almost silently, since the noise of the power generation unit hardly or can not spread to the submarine at all. The sound waves of the power generation unit can therefore not spread so that no engine or generator noises can be heard in the manned interior of the ship, in particular submarines.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the submarine has a skin pressure body made of a glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite. This development is also independent of der.erfindungsgemässen training of the drive, as previously described, makes sense. Such a material offers a lower strength against the hydrodynamic pressure at a lower weight. The wall thickness of the main pressure body can be 37 cm to withstand a hydrodynamic pressure in excess of 6000 m depth.

According to an advantageous development of the main pressure body is provided on its outer side with a polyethylene or PVC layer. Through this layer, the impact resistance of the material of the submarine is increased. The wall thickness of this additional layer can be 8 or 15 cm. It is clear that this layer is firmly connected to the material of the main pressure hull of the submarine.

According to another preferred development of the invention, the submarine has at least one entry-level pressure hull having an access hatch, wherein the internal pressure of the at least one entry-pressure body is dynamically adapted to the outside pressure to a depth of preferably 5000 m. This development is also meaningful regardless of a design of the submarine with the inventive drive and the material specified above for the main pressure body. This can be up to a large depth in the at least one entry pressure body the same pressure prevail as outside the submarine. This can have advantages in the sealing of the access hatch or access hatches, since according to the invention no special seals but conventional seals can be used. In this respect, special deep-seat seals made of a highly compressed rubber-ethylene can be omitted. Rather, normal seals can be used in the area of the access hatch or hatches, as previously mentioned.

According to another development of the invention, two entry pressure bodies are provided, which are vertically stacked in a main pressure body of the submarine - A -

boots are installed and connected to each other via a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber can be used, for example, for the underwater exit of divers. The upper entry-pressure body can be used to an exit to the water surface, the lower entry-pressure body to an exit into the water.

Embodiments of the subject invention are described below with reference to the drawing, all described and / or illustrated features alone or in any combination form the subject matter of the present invention, regardless of their combination in the claims or their dependency. Show it:

1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a submarine.

2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a rear-side drive of the submarine;

3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a bow-side drive of the submarine;

Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a contactless storage;

Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a power generation unit;

6 shows a partial schematic longitudinal section through an electric drive motor. and

Fig. 7 is a schematic longitudinal section through the main pressure body of the submarine.

In Fig. 1, a schematic longitudinal section is shown by a submarine 1 according to a preferred embodiment. But it is also possible to use the invention generally in boats or ships and only preferred but not exclusively in submarines. The submarine 1 has at least one drive; According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the submarine 1 has a rear-side drive 2 and a bow-side drive 3. According to the invention works the at least one drive 2, 3 according to the hydrojet principle. This principle will be explained in more detail below.

Seen from the rear to the bow or in Fig. 1 from left to right, the submarine 1, the rear-side drive 2, a machine room 4, a sleeping and storage room 5, a sonar and camera room 6, an entry-pressure body 7, a kitchen 8, a dining room 9, a residence and navigation room 10 and the bugseiti- gene drive 3.

The operating according to the hydrojet principle drives 2, 3 are designed such that they suck the water respectively through a peripheral suction port 11, 12, compress to high pressure and propulsion, deceleration and / or maneuvering purposes again au.

An enlarged view of the rear-side drive 2 is shown in the longitudinal section according to FIG. 2. The flow path of the water is indicated in FIG. 2 by arrows. The water enters via the suction opening 11 in the rear-side drive 2 and initially flows along the outer wall 13 of a main pressure body 14, which is indicated only schematically in Fig. 2. The water flows tangentially ultimately from outside to inside, i. obliquely in the direction of the longitudinal axis 15 of the submarine 1 out.

The water then enters centrally into a compressor 16. The compressor 16 has a plurality of radially extending and spaced apart fins 17. The fins 17 rotate at high speed. By adhesion and centrifugal forces, the water is forced in the radial direction to the outside and at high pressure in a circumferential expansion chamber 18, the cross section of which widens steadily toward the rear end 19 of the submarine 1 out. In the expansion chamber 18, the water is directed backwards, i. towards the stern end 19 of the submarine, deflected and then brought together again in the direction of the longitudinal axis 15 of the submarine before it is ejected via a vector thruster 20 to the rear. A doubling of the ejection speed leads to an exponential multiplication of the kinetic energy.

In the area of the compressor 16, according to FIG. 2, a plurality of control flaps 21 for maneuvering the submarine 1 are provided on the circumference. In Fig. 2 are the Control flaps 21 in their closed position. In one of its open positions, the water can directly escape to the outside via the respective control flap, thus contributing to a thrust in the transverse direction. The control flaps 21 may also be designed so that a targeted adjustment of the direction of the outflowing water is possible with these flaps. The control flaps 21 can be designed as thrust reverser or maneuvering flaps.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the outer contour of the fins 17 of the compressor 16 is approximately cone-shaped.

A schematic longitudinal section through the bow-side drive 3 is shown in Fig. 3.

The bow-side drive 3 has at its tip a central front cone 22, which has a sonar device not shown in detail for locating objects under water by means of sound pulses. Around the front cone 22 around the water is sucked and passed along an annular water channel 23 to fins 24 of a compressor 25. The compressor 25 operates analogously to the compressor 16 of the rear-end drive 2.

The water thus enters via the annular suction port 12 in the bow-side drive 3, is then directed radially inwards towards the annular water channel 23 to the fins 24 and by the centrifugal force of the rotation radially outward into an annular expansion chamber 26 at high pressure pressed. In the expansion chamber 26, the water is deflected towards the front and leaves the bow-side drive 3 in the region of an annular deflection device 27, with the aid of which the water is ejected along an outer shell 28 to the rear. The individual blades 24 are spaced apart and connected by braces 29 together.

At the front and at the rear end of the compressor 25 is in each case a sliding ring device 30. The front cone 22 is secured by struts 31 on the outer shell 28. The front cone 22 runs, as shown in Figure 3, with its tip 32 towards the front pointed to; Similarly, the rear portion of the front cone tapers toward the rear, but at a shallower angle than the top 32nd Also, the bow-side drive 3 has control flaps 33 for maneuvering the submarine 1, wherein shown in the illustration of FIG. 3 provided at the lower end control flaps 33 in the closed state and at the upper end provided control flaps 33 in the partially open state. In the latter, upper control flaps, the water is ejected obliquely forward. These control flaps 33 may be formed as a maneuvering and reverse thrust doors.

As indicated in Fig. 3, for securing the bow-side drive 3 further reinforcing struts 34 are formed.

The bow-side drive 3 is able to generate a negative pressure at the bow 35 of the submarine 1 and thereby reduce the flow resistance in this area.

It should be noted that the at least one drive according to the invention is preferably but not exclusively used in submarines and, to that extent, can also be used in other boats or ships.

The at least one drive, which according to the illustrated embodiment has a rear-side drive 2 and a bow-side drive 3, each has a drive motor 36, 37, which is preferably designed as an electric drive motor. The drive motors 36, 37 are connected via a drive shaft 38, 39 to the respective compressor 16, 25 in order to set the slats 17, 24 of the respective compressor in a rotational movement. The drive motors 36, 37 are indicated only schematically in FIGS. 2 and 3.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the drives 2, 3 are magnetically non-contact-mounted. Such storage is shown schematically in FIG. The illustration according to FIG. 4 is, for example, a partially sectioned side view.

It should be noted that in all the figures of the drawing, the hatching symbolizing a cut for the sake of simplicity and for better clarity are omitted. In the middle of Fig. 4, for example, the drive shaft 38 or 39 of a drive motor not shown in detail in this figure is shown. In the left part of Fig. 4, electromagnets 40 are provided above and below the drive shaft 38, 39, which preferably extend around the respective drive shaft around the circumference of the peripheral part. As a result, the respective drive shaft in the radial direction, as shown in Fig. 4, up and down, held in suspension. Each electromagnet 40 has copper wires 41 arranged around an iron core 42.

In the right part of Fig. 4, the axial bearing of the drive shaft 38, 39 is shown. On the drive shaft 38, 39 sits in the radial direction away from the drive shaft extending mounting ring 43 which is fixedly connected to the drive shaft. Above and below the drive shaft extending on both sides of the mounting ring 43 electromagnets 44, which cause the mounting ring 43 and thus the respective drive shaft can not move to the right or left.

It is possible to provide the electromagnets 40, 44 also at the opposite, other end of the shaft, which is not shown here. The storage shown in Fig. 4 but can also be provided only on one side.

Furthermore, the at least one drive 2, 3 has a power-generating unit 45, which is accommodated in the machine room 4 (see Fig. 1) and shown in an enlarged, partially sectioned side view in Fig. 5.

The power generation unit 45 is disposed in a vacuum pressure body 46, i. the interior of the vacuum pressure body is connected to a vacuum device (not shown), so that the interior 47 of the vacuum pressure body can be pumped vacuum. According to the right half of FIG. 5, the power generation unit 45 has four disc-type diesel engines 48 which act on a drive shaft 49 which drives a generator 50 in the left-hand part of FIG. 5. This generator generates the current, i. the energy for the drives 2, 3. At the left in Fig. 5 left diesel engine 48 connects to the generator 50 toward a flywheel 51 at.

The entire power generation unit 45 is magnetically supported or suspended. A suspension 52 extending to the left from the generator 50 and a suspension 53 extending to the right from the right diesel engine 48 are magnetically supported as shown in FIG. It follows that each suspension 52, 53 with Help of electromagnets 40 in the radial direction and held by means of electromagnets 44 in the axial direction in suspension. In addition, extending around the diesel engines 48 and the generator 50 circumferentially around in the longitudinal direction of the power generating unit 45 running magnetic rails 54, which are each firmly connected to a guide rail 55. In Fig. 5, four such magnetic rails 54 are indicated. The longitudinally extending (electric) magnets in the form of the magnetic rail 54 are firmly mounted and keep the entire assembly in suspension.

The aforementioned, exceptionally strong electromagnets 40, 44 and the magnetic rail 54 prevent any movement in all three spatial axes. Vibrations of the diesel engines 48 are thus not forwarded. Since the entire power generation unit, as previously mentioned, is located in a vacuum pressure body 46 and floats it in a sense, no sound waves can escape to the outside.

All magnets may be permanent magnets, but it should be noted that at higher engine power preferably electromagnets are used.

6 shows one of the drive motors 36, 37 which is held without contact in a strong electromagnetic field. The drive motor 36, 37 is located completely in a drive pressure body 46. Accordingly, the magnetic arrangement is also located within the drive pressure body 46. Extending circumferentially around the drive motor 36, 37 are magnets 57 which are similar to the magnetic rails 54 (see FIG Fig. 5) are formed and arranged. The drive shaft 38, 39 of the drive motor 36, 37 is also held by magnets 57, which like the electromagnets 40, 44 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) are formed and arranged.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the internal pressure in the drive pressure body 56 is dynamically adapted to the respective external pressure of the submarine 1. This adaptation takes place for example with the aid of appropriate compressors. On the drive shaft 38, 39 sealing rings 58 are provided. Due to the aforementioned dynamic pressure compensation, "normal" seals made of UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) can be used. It is clear that the initial cost of such gaskets is much lower than the cost of such gaskets. nigen special deep seals, for example, from highly compressed rubber ethylene are.

As further shown in FIG. 6, the drive pressure body for the drive motor 36, 37 is almost completely surrounded by the main pressure body 14 of the submarine 1. An emergency exit 59 closes at the drive pressure body 56 according to FIG. 6 at the top.

In the interior 60 of the main pressure body 14, ambient pressure, i. a pressure of 1 bar, prevail.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, which also makes sense independent of the features described so far, is the main pressure body

14 of the submarine 1 made of a glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite material. The structure and composition of this material are dependent on the pressure the material has to withstand. As indicated in FIG. 6, the main pressure body 14 is provided on its outer side 61 with a polyethylene or PVC layer 62. The thickness of this layer 62 may be, for example

15 cm.

According to another embodiment of the invention, which is also useful independently of the previously described features of the inventive submarine, the entry-pressure body 7 (see Fig. 1 and 7) has at least one entrance hatch 63. According to the in Figs 7 illustrated embodiment, two entry hatches 63, namely an upper access hatch and a lower access hatch 63, each with its own entry-pressure body 7, are provided. Both entry-pressure body 7 are connected by a corresponding pressure chamber 64. These entry-pressure body 7 are located centrally in the longitudinal center of the submarine.

According to a preferred embodiment, the internal pressure of the at least one entry-pressure body 7 is dynamically adapted to the external pressure to a depth of preferably 5000 m. In deeper dives, the entry-pressure body 7 in Fig. 7 interconnecting pressure chamber 64 can be set under a pressure of 250 bar. Thus, there is a pressure difference from the pressure chamber 64 to the access hatch 63 of only 250 bar. This pressure corresponds to that of a commercial standard. - li ¬

marriage gas bottle. It is clear that the pressure chamber 64 can also be used for the underwater exit of divers. According to FIG. 5, the two entry pressure bodies 7 are installed vertically one above the other in the main pressure body 14 and, as mentioned above, connected to one another via the pressure chamber 64.

It should be noted that the magnetically mounted drive motors 36, 37 remain dry because there is no pressure on the sealing rings 58 of the drive shaft 38, 39 of these motors. The drive pressure bodies 56 may be galvanized on the inside, whereby the magnetic field of the magnet-free mounting of the motors is shielded. Furthermore, the submarine according to the invention can be designed in such a way that, for the purpose of submerging, a hard ballast not shown in more detail is displaced over the longitudinal axis 15, which leads to a change in position. In an emergency, it is also possible to throw this hard ballast, which may have a weight of 40 t. The inventive submarine has the advantage that failure-prone pressure valves can be omitted. As indicated in FIG. 7, an emergency exit 59 is located at both ends of the main pressure body 14 of the submarine 1.

Thus, a ship, especially submarine, created, which is more advantageous than conventional ships, especially submarines, designed and in which in particular the drive is improved.

Claims

claims

1. ship, in particular submarine, with at least one drive (2, 3), characterized in that the at least one drive (2, 3) operates on the principle Hydrojet.

2. Ship, in particular submarine, according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one drive (2, 3) is designed such that it sucks the water through at least one suction port (11, 12), compressed to high pressure and to propulsion -, Abbrems- and / or maneuvering purposes again.

3. Ship, in particular submarine, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a rear-side drive (2) with a vector thruster (20) and a bow-side drive (3) for generating a negative pressure at the bow (35) are provided, preferably both drives (2, 3) have control flaps (21) for maneuvering the ship (1).

4. Ship, in particular submarine, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one drive (2, 3) has a drive motor (36, 37), preferably an electric drive motor, which is magnetically non-contact.

5. Ship, in particular submarine, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one drive (2, 3) in a drive-pressure body (56) is arranged, whose internal pressure is dynamically adapted to the respective external pressure.

6. Ship, in particular submarine, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one drive (2, 3) has a power generating unit (45) which is arranged in a vacuum pressure body (46).

7. Ship, in particular submarine, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, with a main pressure body (14), characterized in that the main pressure body (14) made of a glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite is made.

8. Ship, in particular submarine, according to claim 7, characterized in that the main pressure body (14) on its outer side (61) with a polyethylene or PVC layer (62) is provided.

9. Ship, in particular submarine, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, with at least one entry hatch (63) having entry pressure body (7), characterized in that the internal pressure of the at least one entry-pressure body (7) to a depth of preferably 5000 m dynamically adapted to the external pressure.

10. Ship, in particular submarine, according to claim 9, characterized in that two entry-pressure body (7) are provided, which are vertically mounted one above the other in a main pressure body (14) and connected via a pressure chamber (64).