WO2006084190A1 - Liquid cleansing composition - Google Patents
Liquid cleansing composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006084190A1 WO2006084190A1 PCT/US2006/003962 US2006003962W WO2006084190A1 WO 2006084190 A1 WO2006084190 A1 WO 2006084190A1 US 2006003962 W US2006003962 W US 2006003962W WO 2006084190 A1 WO2006084190 A1 WO 2006084190A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- composition
- sulfonated
- fatty acid
- mixture
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 244
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- -1 alkyl sulfoacetate Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N protonated dimethyl amine Natural products CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012676 herbal extract Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethanolammonium Chemical compound OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical class CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropiophenone Chemical compound CC(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical class OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 76
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CS([O-])(=O)=O UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940066842 petrolatum Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000253 Denture Cleanser Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037336 dry skin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940048866 lauramine oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036620 skin dryness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036555 skin type Effects 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940075560 sodium lauryl sulfoacetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O AGGIJOLULBJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJNQZLCZCZEFAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-1-oxododecane-2-sulfonic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OC QJNQZLCZCZEFAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCNJOIMMYWLFBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid;sodium Chemical class [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O MCNJOIMMYWLFBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010050637 Skin tightness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073507 cocamidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003745 detangling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078443 disodium 2-sulfolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKGXXVNMUUFEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-sulfonatododecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCC(C([O-])=O)S([O-])(=O)=O KKGXXVNMUUFEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WSDISUOETYTPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmdm hydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)N(CO)C(=O)N(CO)C1=O WSDISUOETYTPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYQSSFKCSFKEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(C(O)CO)S(=O)(=O)OOCC IYQSSFKCSFKEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920013818 hydroxypropyl guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZCTXEAQXZGPWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidurea Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N(CO)C1NC(=O)NCNC(=O)NC1C(=O)NC(=O)N1CO ZCTXEAQXZGPWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- DKPKKUQZFWYBRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-3-(tetradecanoylamino)propan-1-amine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] DKPKKUQZFWYBRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTRKNUBBAPIZMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-aminopropyl)dodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN FTRKNUBBAPIZMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037311 normal skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071089 sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940057950 sodium laureth sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940048107 sodium methyl 2-sulfolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZUFONQSOSYEWCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(methylamino)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CNCC([O-])=O ZUFONQSOSYEWCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
- A61K8/466—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfonic acid derivatives; Salts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
- C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/04—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents by chemical means, e.g. by sulfonating in the presence of other compounding ingredients followed by neutralising
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/59—Mixtures
- A61K2800/596—Mixtures of surface active compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/123—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from carboxylic acids, e.g. sulfosuccinates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to a personal skin or hair cleansing composition, more specifically, an aqueous personal cleansing composition comprising a mixture of alpha sulfonated alkyl esters or sulfonated fatty acids with an alkyl sulfoacetate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate.
- a personal cleanser is typically aqueous and comprises one or more mild detersive surfactants and/or soaps.
- conventional hand cleansers, body washes, shampoos, or liquid soap typically comprise a synthetic detersive and/or fatty acid soap and one or more foam stabilizing, wetting, or emulsifying surfactants.
- personal cleansers based on synthetic detergents often impart poor skin feel during and after use, and require additives to improve such tactile aspects of performance. Further, synthetic detergents often degrease the skin to an excessive degree thereby resulting in dry skin.
- liquid cleansers which provide both cleansing and moisturizing functions include U.S. Patent No. 5,650,384, which describes cleansing and moisturizing emulsions containing two phases.
- One of the phases is a moisturizing phase comprising 0.5% to about 33.5% of a skin conditioning ingredient, which may be a vegetable oil, petrolatum or silicone oil, among others.
- Another patent, U.S. Patent No. 5,965,500 describes liquid cleansing compositions containing levels of oil/emollient equal to or greater than the level of surfactant.
- the surfactant system contains at least one anionic surfactant, which may be an aliphatic or aromatic sulfonate.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,661 ,189 describes liquid cleansing compositions which contain from 0.1 to 15% of a "benefit agent" which may be, for example, vegetable, mineral or silicone oils.
- the presently described technology embodying a personal cleanser and method of making the same provides one or more of the following advantages over conventional personal cleansers, including, without limitation, enhanced skin feel, low skin drying, high lather and foaming, good cleansing, low skin irritation and, when used as a shampoo, hair color fastness.
- advantages over conventional personal cleansers including, without limitation, enhanced skin feel, low skin drying, high lather and foaming, good cleansing, low skin irritation and, when used as a shampoo, hair color fastness.
- Other objects of the presently disclosed technology will become apparent to those skilled in the art who have the benefit of this specification and the conventional art.
- a personal cleansing composition comprising between about 0.1 % to about 70% by weight of a primary surfactant mixture, between about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of secondary surfactants, and between about 20% to about 99% water.
- the primary surfactant mixture is preferably comprised of a mixture of (i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof; and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of preferably between about 1:1.5 to about 10:1.
- a process for producing a primary surfactant mixture comprising (i) mixing an alkyl or ethoxylated alkyl alcohol mono-chloroacetate with an ⁇ - sulfo alkyl ester and/or an ⁇ -sulfo alkyl fatty acid, (ii) sulfitating the mixture with sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite to produce a mixture of alkyl sulfoacetate and/or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate and alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and/or alpha sulfonated fatty acid, in a ratio of sulfonated alkyl ester/sulfonated fatty acid to alkyl sulfoacetate/ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate of between about 1 :1.5 to about 10:1; and (iii) neutralizing the mixture with an alka
- a composition suitable for use as a liquid hand soap, liquid body wash, or shampoo including: 1 ) a primary surfactant mixture in an amount between about 0.1% to about 70% of the total cleansing composition; 2) between about 0.1 % to about 50% by weight of secondary surfactants; 3) between about 0.1 % to about 50% by weight of additives; 4) water.
- the primary surfactant mixture preferably comprises a mixture of (i) a sulfonated alkyl ester, or salts thereof, and/or a sulfonated fatty acid, or salts thereof, and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, and/or an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of between about 1 :1.5 to about 10:1. It will be understood that while specific ingredients may be utilized in any amount within the specified ranges, that the relative amounts of ingredients and/or optional additives or thickeners selected shall add to 100% of a finished composition.
- a colorfast shampoo composition including: 1 ) a primary surfactant mixture in an amount of from about 5 to about 25 weight percent active; 2) from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent active of a secondary surfactant; 3) from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of additives; and 4) water.
- the primary surfactant mixture comprises a mixture of (i) a sulfonated alkyl ester, or salts thereof, and/or a sulfonated fatty acid, or salts thereof, and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, and/or an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of about 10:1 to about 1 :10.
- Further embodiments of the present invention may additionally incorporate emollients, skin conditioners, viscosity adjusters, rheological modifiers, fragrances, colorants, opacifiers, pearlescent agents, herbal extract, vitamins and the like. Additional embodiments may also be configured to be suitable as soap powder, shower gel, bath soap or bath beads, dishwashing detergent, or denture cleanser.
- FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the foaming performance of personal cleansing compositions prepared in accordance with the present technology with control compositions.
- the personal cleansing compositions of the present invention preferably exhibit enhanced skin feel, low skin irritation, low skin drying, good cleansing ability, good foaming, and good rinsability characteristics/properties.
- the present personal cleansing compositions also do not leave the skin feeling tacky or tight during drying.
- the cleansing compositions may be utilized alone, as skin or body washes, or may be utilized with soaps, thickeners, additives, or the like to produce various liquid soap-based or synthetic hand cleansers, face cleansers, body washes, bath soaps, bath beads, shower gels, shampoos, dish washing liquids, denture cleansers, and the like.
- a personal cleansing composition comprising between about 0.1 % to about 70% by weight of a primary surfactant mixture, between about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a secondary surfactant, between about 20% to about 99% water, and between about 0% to about 70% optional ingredients.
- the primary surfactant mixture is preferably comprised of a mixture of (i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof; and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or a mixture thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of between about 1 :1.5 to about 10:1. It will be understood that while specific ingredients may be utilized in any amount within the specified ranges, that the relative amounts of ingredients and/or optional additives or thickeners selected shall add to 100% of a finished composition.
- the primary surfactant mixture of the presently described technology is preferably comprised of a mixture of (i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof (hereinafter "SME/SFA”), and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or a mixture thereof (hereinafter "ASA/EASA”).
- SME/SFA alpha sulfonated alkyl ester
- ASA/EASA alkyl sulfoacetate
- the terms “alkyi sulfoacetate” and “ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate” as used herein include the salts thereof.
- the primary surfactant mixture comprises a majority of SME/SFA.
- the primary surfactant mixture is preferably comprised of a ratio of SME/SFA to ASA/EASA of between about 1:1.5 to about 10:1 , more preferably between about 1 :1 to about 5:1 , and most preferably, between about 1:1 to about 3:1.
- a primary surfactant mixture comprised of both SME/SFA and ASA/EASA exhibits unexpected high foaming and pleasant skin feel properties over a cleansing composition comprising either surfactant mixture alone.
- a cleansing composition comprising a primary surfactant mixture of SME/SFA and ASA/EASA, exhibits, among other desirable properties, good cleansing and mildness properties.
- the incorporation of the surfactant mixture of the presently described technology may also lower the total cost of a final cleansing composition.
- the primary surfactant mixture comprises between about 0.1% to about 70% of the total weight of a finished personal cleansing composition. More preferably, liquid personal cleansers of the present invention utilize between about 5% to about 35% primary surfactant mixture by weight of the total finished cleansing composition, and most preferably, between about 10% to about 15% by weight.
- the primary surfactant mixture preferably is present in an amount of about 5 to about 25 weight percent active.
- Alpha Sulfonated Alkyl Ester / Sulfonated Fatty Acid (SME/SFA)
- one component of the primary surfactant mixture of the presently described technology is an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, an alpha sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof.
- the alpha sulfonated alkyl ester preferably has the following general formula:
- R 3 is a fully saturated or unsaturated C 6 -C 22 hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or combination thereof
- R 4 is a straight or branched chain C 1 -C 6 hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or combination thereof
- n is 1 or 2
- M is hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, or a mixture thereof.
- the sulfonated fatty acid preferably has the general formula:
- R 5 is a fully saturated or unsaturated C 6 -C 22 hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or combination thereof, n is 1 or 2 and wherein N is hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, or a mixture thereof.
- Embodiments of the present technology may contain SME or
- Some embodiments which utilize mixtures of SME and SFA preferably utilize a ratio of such components of from about 30:1 to about 0:1 , more preferably a ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1 :10, and most preferably, a ratio of from about 7:1 to about 1:1.
- the alpha sulfonated alkyl esters normally contain a minor amount, typically not exceeding 33% by weight of the total sulfonated product, of a sulfonated fatty acid (i.e., di-salt), which results from hydrolysis of the ester.
- the alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and alpha sulfonated fatty acid may be utilized in the composition or process of the presently described technology as a blend of components which naturally result from the sulfitation of an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, or as individual components.
- minor impurities including by way of example, sodium sulfate, unsulfonated methyl esters (ME), and unsulfonated fatty acids (FA) may also be present in the mixtures according to the present technology.
- the alpha sulfonated alkyl esters i.e., alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants
- Suitable starting materials include, among others, natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc.
- the ⁇ -sulfonated alkyl ester is a sulfonated methyl ester.
- SME and SFA may be obtained from Stepan Company, Northfield, Illinois, such as ALPHA- STEP ® BSS-45, ALPHA-STEP ® MC-48 or ALPHA-STEP ® PC-48 (sodium methyl 2-sulfolaurate and disodium 2-sulfolaurate).
- ASA/EASA Alkyl sulfoacetate / ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate
- the alkyl sulfoacetate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate preferably has the general chemical structure:
- R is a fully saturated or unsaturated C 5 -C 2I hydrocarbyl group
- n is an integer between 0 and 6
- X is hydrogen, an alkaline metal, ammonium, organic amine, or alkaline earth metal.
- Preferred ASA or EASA include, without limitation, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, ethoxylated sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.
- ASA or EASA for purposes of the presently described technology may be produced by sulfitating an alkyl alcohol mono-chloroacetate with a sulfitating agent such as sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite, or may be commercially obtained from Stepan Company, Northfield Illinois, as LATHANOL ® LAL (sodium lauryl sulfoacetate).
- a sulfitating agent such as sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite
- the primary surfactant mixture described in the present technology can be prepared by physically blending SME/SFA with ASA or EASA at a desired active ratio.
- the primary surfactant mixture may be prepared by sulfitating an alkyl or ethoxylated alkyl alcohol mono- chloroacetate in the presence of an alpha sulfo alkyl ester and/or of an alpha sulfo fatty acid with a sulfitating agent such as sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite, followed by co-neutralization with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine, or a mixture thereof.
- a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine, or a mixture thereof.
- Preferred embodiments of the presently described invention may also include a secondary surfactant, which is believed may act as an additional detersive, foam stabilizer, wetting agent, emulsifier, skin enhancer, viscosity modifier or the like.
- the secondary surfactant may be a suitable anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, or zwitterionic surfactant, and preferably comprises between about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of the total cleansing composition, more preferably, between about 1% to about 15% by weight of the total cleansing composition, and most preferably, between about 2% to about 10% by weight of the total cleansing composition.
- the secondary surfactant may be present in an amount of about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent active.
- Suitable anionic surfactants include, without limitation: sulfonated alkyl benzene, sulfonated alpha olefin, paraffin sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl alkoxy sulfate, alkyl alkoxy carboxylate, alkyl phosphate, alkyl alkoxy phosphate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl alkoxylated sulfate, acyl lactylate, alkyl isethionate, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. Further examples can be found in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and Il by Schwartz, Perry and Berch).
- Suitable nonionic surfactants include, without limitation: fatty acid amide, ethoxylated fatty acid amide, alkyl alcohol, alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate, propylene glycol esters, polyglycerol esters, ethylene glycol esters, ethoxylated glycol esters, polypropylene glycol esters, alkylpolyglycoside, alkyl glucamide, and combinations thereof. More examples are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued on Dec 30, 1975 at column 13, line 14 through column 16, line 6, incorporated herein by reference.
- Cationic surfactants and cationic polymers may include, without limitation: alkyl dimethylammonium halogenide, quaternized cellulose, quaternized quar gum, esterquat, amidoquat, and stearylammidopropyl dimethyl amine quat.
- Other cationic surfactants useful herein are also described in U.S. Patent No. 4,228,044 to Cambre, issued Oct. 14 1980, incorporated herein by reference.
- Other suitable secondary surfactants include, for example, betaines, amine oxide, fatty acid amide, ethoxylated fatty acid amide and acyl lactylate.
- the secondary surfactant is an anionic surfactant, betaine, amine oxide, fatty acid amide, ethoxylated fatty acid amide, hydroxysultaine, sulfosuccinate, amphoacetate, sarcosinate, or acyl lactylate.
- Suitable commercially available secondary surfactants include, without limitation, the AMPHOSOL ® series (betaines and sultaines), AMMONYX ® LMDO (lauramidopropylamine / myristamidopropylamine oxide), or AMMONYX ® LO-E (lauramine oxide), NINOL ® C-5 and NINOL ® COMF surfactants manufactured by Stepan Company, Northfield, Illinois, or other surfactants disclosed and discussed below in the Examples.
- AMPHOSOL ® series betaines and sultaines
- AMMONYX ® LMDO lauramidopropylamine / myristamidopropylamine oxide
- AMMONYX ® LO-E lauramine oxide
- NINOL ® C-5 and NINOL ® COMF surfactants manufactured by Stepan Company, Northfield, Illinois, or other surfactants disclosed and discussed below in the Examples.
- the cleanser compositions described herein are preferably in the form of liquids or creams in which water is the principal diluent. Alternatively, although less preferred, other solvents such as alcohols may be utilized.
- the level of water in a liquid personal cleansing composition is preferably from about 30% to about 99% by weight, more preferably from about 70% to about 90% by weight, and most preferably between about 80% to about 90% by weight.
- the formulations of the presently described technology may be used alone as a liquid cleansing composition, preferably as a body wash, hand wash, shampoo or the like.
- other optional ingredients may be added to make the present compositions more preferable for a variety of different uses such as a pumpable liquid hand cleanser, denture cleanser, dish soap, gel body wash, face cleanser, bath soap, or the like.
- fatty acid soaps may be added to achieve a desired viscosity and phase stability for the finished cleansing composition.
- the cleansing composition is to be formulated as a dish soap or pumpable hand cleanser, it is desirable that the composition have a viscosity which is pleasing to the feel, but allows a proper quantity of the formulation to be readily delivered through an appropriately sized aperture of a hand pumped delivery apparatus.
- the liquid cleansing products can be thickened by using polymeric additives that hydrate, swell or molecularly associate to provide body (e.g., hydroxypropyl guar gum is used as a thickening aid in shampoo compositions).
- Suitable thickening agents include, without limitation, those listed in the Glossary and Chapters 3, 4, 12 and 13 of the Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums and Resins, Robert L. Davidson, McGraw- Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1980.
- cellulosic polymers and acrylic polymers and copolymers may be utilized, preferably in an amount between about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the finished cleansing composition, more preferably, between about 0.3% to about 5% by weight.
- suitable rheological modifiers include, without limitation, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol ester, and inorganic salts, including, without limitation, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sultate.
- Emollients including, without limitation, vegetable oils, mineral oils, silicone oils, petrolatum, polyglycerol methyl esters, and esters), skin conditioning agents (such as glycerine and free fatty acid), fragrances, herbal extracts, and vitamins may be added to further enhance skin conditioning ability.
- skin conditioning agents such as glycerine and free fatty acid
- fragrances such as glycerine and free fatty acid
- herbal extracts such as glycerine and free fatty acid
- vitamins may be added to further enhance skin conditioning ability.
- emollients in amounts as high as 25% by weight or more of the total cleansing composition in order to enhance the skin moisturizing properties of the composition.
- emollients are not added in such high amounts because they detrimentally affect the foaming properties of the cleansing composition.
- the cleansing compositions of the present technology work almost synergistically with such emollients to provide unexpectedly good foaming performance.
- the emollients do not act as defoamers in the cleansing composition of the present technology.
- the cleansing composition provides a high level of emulsification, generating a stronger oil-surfactant film which preserves the foam.
- Fatty acid soaps, builders, and additional surfactants may be added to aid in cleansing ability. Fragrances and colors may also be added to further enhance the appearance and smell of the finished formulation. Suitable preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and imidazolidinyl urea may be utilized. Antibacterial agents such as quaternary ammonium compounds may also be utilized. Furthermore, a dimethyl polysiloxane may be utilized to enhance skin feel and conditioning properties to hair.
- compositions and the methods of producing such compositions herein may be formulated and carried out such that they will have a pH of between about 4.0 to about 8.5, and, in some embodiments, between about 5.0 to about 7.0.
- Techniques for controlling pH at recommended usage levels include the use of buffers, alkali, acids, etc., and are well known to those skilled in the art.
- Optional pH adjusting agents can include, but are not limited to citric acid, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and the like.
- Examples 1-23 are formulations of the presently described cleansing composition, without any additives or thickeners, indicated in weight percent active.
- Examples 24-29 are formulations of the presently described cleansing composition, with selected additives, indicated in weight percent active.
- Example 30 is a control formulation, for testing comparison, indicated in weight percent active.
- Examples 31-33 contain only SME/SFA, without any
- Formulations according to the present technology were compared to a 15% active formulation containing sodium laureth sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine control formulation (example 30) at a 4:1 active ratio (STEOL ® CS-230/AMPHOSOL ® HCG), or to a commercial product (Carress ® body wash and Dove ® Moisturizing Body Wash by Unilever, Softsoap ® hand-soap by Colgate-Palmolive, or TreSemme ® shampoo by Alberto-Culver).
- Panelists were asked to assess the following characteristics during and after the washing procedure: foam volume, skin softness, skin dryness, and tackiness during drying. To identify tackiness during drying, the panelists were instructed that some products may impart a sticky/tacky feel on the skin during the transition from a wet to a dry stage. Tackiness can be assessed by touching the fingers of the same hand together or by force required to separate fingers. To identify skin tightness when dry, the panelists were instructed that some products may leave the skin feeling tight or stretched after the skin is completely dry. The panelists were instructed that this property should not be evaluated until the panelist is sure that the hands are completely dry. Similarly, skin dryness was evaluated once the hands were completely dry.
- each experimental formulation of the presently described technology performed equal to or better than the control formulation, Caress ® Body Wash, or Soft-Soap ® Hand Soap in softness, moisturizing, and foam volume. Additionally, each experimental formulation of the presently described technology, with added emollient, performed equal to or better than Dove ® Moisturizing Body Wash.
- Examples 34-37 are formulations of the presently described cleansing composition, with high levels of emollient, indicated in weight percent active.
- Examples 38 and 39 are control formulations, for testing comparison, indicated by weight percent active.
- Foaming properties of the Examples 34-37 and 38-39 were measured using the following procedure:
- Hand wash tests were conducted using luke-warm (about 95°F to about 105°F) running tap water.
- Panelists washed their hands by working the product into foam for 30 seconds followed by rinsing under running tap water for 15 seconds.
- the foam from the second washing procedure was collected by having the panelists use their hands to scrape the foam from their hands and transfer the foam into a graduated beaker for foam volume measurement.
- the experimental formulations of Examples 34 and 35 achieved a foam volume of 150 ml with 25% by weight of soybean oil included in the formulation and a foam volume of 125 ml with 25% by weight of petrolatum included in the formulation.
- the control formulations had a foam volume of only 75 ml with the same amount of soybean oil included in the control formulation, and a foam volume of only 55 ml with the same amount of petrolatum included in the control formulation.
- the formulation in accordance with the present technology that comprised 25% by weight soybean oil had a foam volume that was double that of the comparable control formulation (Example 39), and the formulation in accordance with the present technology that comprised 25% by weight petrolatum (Example 34) had a foam volume that was more than double that of the comparable control formulation (Example 38).
- Examples 36 and 37 demonstrate that improved foaming performance compared to the control formulation can still be achieved when the primary surfactant of the formulation of the presently described technology only partially replaces the STEOL CS-230 of the control formulation.
- the formulations contained 3% active ALPHA-STEP ® PC-48 and 3% LATHANOL ® LAL, a primary surfactant system in accordance with the presently described technology, and 6% active STEOL CS-230, rather than the 6% active ALPHA-STEP ® PC-48 and 6% LATHANOL ® LAL, used in Examples 34 and 35, or the 12% active STEOL CS-230 used in control Examples 38 and 39.
- improved foaming performance, as compared to the control formulations can still be achieved even though the primary surfactant system of the presently described technology only partially replaces the conventional primary surfactant used in the control examples.
- compositions according to the presently described technology may also be configured as shampoos.
- the formulations of experimental formulation Examples 40 and 41 are indicated in Table O.
- the experimental formulations were tested by 18 individuals, and compared on a number of properties, as indicated in Table P.
- Examples 42 and 43 were tested and compared for color washing fastness, which evaluates the ability of colored hair to maintain its color through shampoo washings. The following test method was used to evaluate the color washing fastness of Example 42 and control Example 43.
- test shampoo composition 1g was applied to 2g hair swatch. The shampoo was worked into a foam using fingers for 30 seconds
- the hair swatch was rinsed for 30 seconds under running tap water. 5. The procedure was repeated 3, 5 and 10 times. The hair swatch was air-dried and the total color ⁇ E * ab were measured before washing and after 3 washings, 5 washings and 10 washings using the Minolta Colorimeter.
- Example 42 in accordance with the presently described technology, showed significant observable improvement in ⁇ E * color washing fastness compared to the Example 43 control after 10 washing cycles.
- Conditioning shampoo formulations according to the presently described technology which contain silicone oil as an added component, were prepared in accordance with the procedure set forth below.
- the experimental formulations for the conditioning shampoo are indicated in Examples 46 and 47 in Table S.
- Examples 48-52 are formulations of the presently described cleansing composition, without any additives or thickeners, indicated in weight percent active. These formulations illustrate that different ratios of primary surfactant components may be used in the cleansing composition of the presently described technology. Also, Example 52 illustrates that an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate (EASA) may be used as a primary surfactant component in the cleansing composition of the presently described technology.
- EASA ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate
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Abstract
A personal cleansing composition exhibiting enhanced skin feel (i.e., enhanced skin softness, reduced skin irritation, reduced residue, and reduced greasy, tacky, or tight skin feel), enhanced foaming and lather, and good cleansing, more specifically, a personal cleansing composition comprising a mixture of alpha sulfonated alkyl esters or sulfonated fatty acids, or salts thereof, with an alkyl sulfoacetate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, secondary surfactants, and optional additives.
Description
LIQUID CLEANSING COMPOSITION
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY
REFERENCE
[0001] This application makes reference to, claims priority to, and claims the benefit of United States Provisional Application Serial No. 60/650,020 (Attorney Docket No. 16372US01) filed on February 4, 2005.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention generally relates to a personal skin or hair cleansing composition, more specifically, an aqueous personal cleansing composition comprising a mixture of alpha sulfonated alkyl esters or sulfonated fatty acids with an alkyl sulfoacetate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The development of personal cleansers (including, without limitation, liquid hand soaps, body washes, shampoos, bath washes, and the like) has long been driven by the challenge of providing a combination of performance properties such as good foaming, good cleansing, enhanced mildness, improved skin feel, and attractive product appearance. Specifically, while a certain component within a personal cleanser may enhance one property, it will often do so at the detriment of another important property of the cleansing product. For example, a composition may enhance skin conditioning by incorporating emollients at the expense of foaming. Therefore, those in the relevant art have been seeking new formulations to help achieve the balance of desirable performance properties.
[0004] It is well known that a personal cleanser is typically aqueous and comprises one or more mild detersive surfactants and/or soaps. For example, conventional hand cleansers, body washes, shampoos, or liquid soap typically comprise a synthetic detersive and/or fatty acid soap and one or more foam stabilizing, wetting, or emulsifying surfactants.
[0005] Similarly, personal cleansers based on synthetic detergents often impart poor skin feel during and after use, and require additives to improve such tactile aspects of performance. Further, synthetic detergents often degrease the skin to an excessive degree thereby resulting in dry skin.
[0006] Therefore, researchers have strived to develop a personal cleansing formulation with low irritation, good tactile characteristics, good foaming, and good cleansing properties. Examples of developments in synthetic personal cleansing formulations include U.S. Patent No. 4,664,835, which describes a washing and cleansing formulation containing a synthetic surfactant and an anionic polymer; U.S. Patent No. 5,646,100, which describes a liquid personal cleansing formulation containing an anionic surfactant, a betaine, and an alkyl polyglycoside; and U.S. Patent No. 5,310,508, which describes a personal cleansing composition containing a salt of alcohol ethoxy glyceryl sulfonate ("AGS") and a second synthetic surfactant.
[0007] Examples of liquid cleansers which provide both cleansing and moisturizing functions include U.S. Patent No. 5,650,384, which describes cleansing and moisturizing emulsions containing two phases. One of the phases is a moisturizing phase comprising 0.5% to about 33.5% of a skin conditioning ingredient, which may be a vegetable oil, petrolatum or silicone oil, among others. Another patent, U.S. Patent No. 5,965,500, describes liquid cleansing compositions containing levels of oil/emollient equal to or greater than the level of surfactant. The surfactant system contains at least one anionic surfactant, which may be an aliphatic or aromatic sulfonate. U.S. Patent No. 5,661 ,189 describes liquid cleansing compositions which contain from 0.1 to 15% of a "benefit agent" which may be, for example, vegetable, mineral or silicone oils.
[0008] These developments, and other conventional personal cleansers, however, fail to provide the desired balance of skin feel (i.e., skin softness, smoothness, moisturization, no greasy and low skin irritation), foaming, lather, and cleansing. Accordingly, there remains a need for a personal cleansing formulation that provides enhanced skin feel, low skin
irritation, low skin drying, good cleansing ability, good foaming, and good rinsability characteristics/properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The presently described technology embodying a personal cleanser and method of making the same provides one or more of the following advantages over conventional personal cleansers, including, without limitation, enhanced skin feel, low skin drying, high lather and foaming, good cleansing, low skin irritation and, when used as a shampoo, hair color fastness. Other objects of the presently disclosed technology will become apparent to those skilled in the art who have the benefit of this specification and the conventional art.
[0010] In one embodiment, there is provided a personal cleansing composition comprising between about 0.1 % to about 70% by weight of a primary surfactant mixture, between about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of secondary surfactants, and between about 20% to about 99% water. The primary surfactant mixture is preferably comprised of a mixture of (i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof; and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of preferably between about 1:1.5 to about 10:1.
[0011] In another embodiment of the present technology there is provided a process for producing a primary surfactant mixture comprising (i) mixing an alkyl or ethoxylated alkyl alcohol mono-chloroacetate with an α- sulfo alkyl ester and/or an α-sulfo alkyl fatty acid, (ii) sulfitating the mixture with sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite to produce a mixture of alkyl sulfoacetate and/or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate and alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and/or alpha sulfonated fatty acid, in a ratio of sulfonated alkyl ester/sulfonated fatty acid to alkyl sulfoacetate/ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate of between about 1 :1.5 to about 10:1; and (iii) neutralizing the mixture with an alkaline solution to produce a primary surfactant mixture comprising between about 0.5% to about 70% by weight total surfactant.
[0012] In a further embodiment, there is provided a composition suitable for use as a liquid hand soap, liquid body wash, or shampoo, including: 1 ) a primary surfactant mixture in an amount between about 0.1% to about 70% of the total cleansing composition; 2) between about 0.1 % to about 50% by weight of secondary surfactants; 3) between about 0.1 % to about 50% by weight of additives; 4) water. The primary surfactant mixture preferably comprises a mixture of (i) a sulfonated alkyl ester, or salts thereof, and/or a sulfonated fatty acid, or salts thereof, and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, and/or an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of between about 1 :1.5 to about 10:1. It will be understood that while specific ingredients may be utilized in any amount within the specified ranges, that the relative amounts of ingredients and/or optional additives or thickeners selected shall add to 100% of a finished composition.
[0013] In a further embodiment, there is provided a colorfast shampoo composition including: 1 ) a primary surfactant mixture in an amount of from about 5 to about 25 weight percent active; 2) from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent active of a secondary surfactant; 3) from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of additives; and 4) water. The primary surfactant mixture comprises a mixture of (i) a sulfonated alkyl ester, or salts thereof, and/or a sulfonated fatty acid, or salts thereof, and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, and/or an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or salts thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of about 10:1 to about 1 :10.
[0014] Further embodiments of the present invention may additionally incorporate emollients, skin conditioners, viscosity adjusters, rheological modifiers, fragrances, colorants, opacifiers, pearlescent agents, herbal extract, vitamins and the like. Additional embodiments may also be configured to be suitable as soap powder, shower gel, bath soap or bath beads, dishwashing detergent, or denture cleanser.
[0015] While the presently described technology will be described in connection with one or more preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that it is not limited to those embodiments. On the contrary, the presently described technology includes all alternatives,
modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the foaming performance of personal cleansing compositions prepared in accordance with the present technology with control compositions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The personal cleansing compositions of the present invention preferably exhibit enhanced skin feel, low skin irritation, low skin drying, good cleansing ability, good foaming, and good rinsability characteristics/properties. Preferably, the present personal cleansing compositions also do not leave the skin feeling tacky or tight during drying. The cleansing compositions may be utilized alone, as skin or body washes, or may be utilized with soaps, thickeners, additives, or the like to produce various liquid soap-based or synthetic hand cleansers, face cleansers, body washes, bath soaps, bath beads, shower gels, shampoos, dish washing liquids, denture cleansers, and the like.
[0018] In one embodiment, there is provided a personal cleansing composition comprising between about 0.1 % to about 70% by weight of a primary surfactant mixture, between about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a secondary surfactant, between about 20% to about 99% water, and between about 0% to about 70% optional ingredients. The primary surfactant mixture is preferably comprised of a mixture of (i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof; and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or a mixture thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of between about 1 :1.5 to about 10:1. It will be understood that while specific ingredients may be utilized in any amount within the specified ranges, that the relative amounts of ingredients and/or optional additives or thickeners selected shall add to 100% of a finished composition. Primary Surfactant Mixture:
[0019] The primary surfactant mixture of the presently described technology is preferably comprised of a mixture of (i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof (hereinafter "SME/SFA"), and (ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or a mixture thereof (hereinafter "ASA/EASA"). It should be understood that the terms "alpha sulfonated alkyl ester" and "sulfonated fatty acid" as used herein include the salts thereof. It should also be understood that the terms "alkyi sulfoacetate" and "ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate" as used herein include the salts thereof. Preferably, the primary surfactant mixture comprises a majority of SME/SFA. Stated differently, the primary surfactant mixture is preferably comprised of a ratio of SME/SFA to ASA/EASA of between about 1:1.5 to about 10:1 , more preferably between about 1 :1 to about 5:1 , and most preferably, between about 1:1 to about 3:1.
[0020] While not intending to be limited to any one theory, it is believed that a primary surfactant mixture comprised of both SME/SFA and ASA/EASA exhibits unexpected high foaming and pleasant skin feel properties over a cleansing composition comprising either surfactant mixture alone. Furthermore, it is believed that a cleansing composition comprising a primary surfactant mixture of SME/SFA and ASA/EASA, exhibits, among other desirable properties, good cleansing and mildness properties. The incorporation of the surfactant mixture of the presently described technology may also lower the total cost of a final cleansing composition.
[0021] Preferably, the primary surfactant mixture comprises between about 0.1% to about 70% of the total weight of a finished personal cleansing composition. More preferably, liquid personal cleansers of the present invention utilize between about 5% to about 35% primary surfactant mixture by weight of the total finished cleansing composition, and most preferably, between about 10% to about 15% by weight. For a colorfast shampoo composition, the primary surfactant mixture preferably is present in an amount of about 5 to about 25 weight percent active.
Alpha Sulfonated Alkyl Ester / Sulfonated Fatty Acid ("SME/SFA")
[0022] Preferably, one component of the primary surfactant mixture of the presently described technology is an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, an alpha sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof. The alpha sulfonated alkyl ester preferably has the following general formula:
+
[0023] wherein R3 is a fully saturated or unsaturated C6-C22 hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or combination thereof, R4 is a straight or branched chain C1-C6 hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or combination thereof, n is 1 or 2 and M is hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, or a mixture thereof.
[0024] The sulfonated fatty acid preferably has the general formula:
[0025] wherein R5 is a fully saturated or unsaturated C6-C22 hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or combination thereof, n is 1 or 2 and wherein N is hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, or a mixture thereof.
[0026] Embodiments of the present technology may contain SME or
SFA alone, or a mixture of the two. Some embodiments which utilize mixtures of SME and SFA preferably utilize a ratio of such components of from about 30:1 to about 0:1 , more preferably a ratio of from about 10:1 to about 1 :10, and most preferably, a ratio of from about 7:1 to about 1:1. When alkyl esters
are sulfonated, as discussed below, the alpha sulfonated alkyl esters normally contain a minor amount, typically not exceeding 33% by weight of the total sulfonated product, of a sulfonated fatty acid (i.e., di-salt), which results from hydrolysis of the ester. Generally, larger amounts of the di-salt are obtained by hydrolyzing a known amount of the mono-salt; hydrolysis may be accomplished in situ during the preparation of the composition. Accordingly, the alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and alpha sulfonated fatty acid may be utilized in the composition or process of the presently described technology as a blend of components which naturally result from the sulfitation of an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, or as individual components. Furthermore, it is known to one skilled in the art that minor impurities, including by way of example, sodium sulfate, unsulfonated methyl esters (ME), and unsulfonated fatty acids (FA) may also be present in the mixtures according to the present technology.
[0027] The alpha sulfonated alkyl esters, i.e., alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants, can include, for example, linear esters of C6-C22 carboxylic acid (i.e., fatty acids) which are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 according to the "The Journal of American Oil Chemists Society," Vol. 52 at 323-329 (1975). Suitable starting materials include, among others, natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc. In some preferred embodiments of the presently described technology, the α-sulfonated alkyl ester is a sulfonated methyl ester.
[0028] Some suitable commercially available mixtures of SME and SFA may be obtained from Stepan Company, Northfield, Illinois, such as ALPHA- STEP® BSS-45, ALPHA-STEP® MC-48 or ALPHA-STEP® PC-48 (sodium methyl 2-sulfolaurate and disodium 2-sulfolaurate).
Alkyl sulfoacetate / ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate ("ASA/EASA")
[0029] The alkyl sulfoacetate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate preferably has the general chemical structure:
[0030] Wherein R is a fully saturated or unsaturated C5-C2I hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer between 0 and 6, and X is hydrogen, an alkaline metal, ammonium, organic amine, or alkaline earth metal. Preferred ASA or EASA include, without limitation, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, ethoxylated sodium lauryl sulfoacetate.
[0031] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that suitable
ASA or EASA for purposes of the presently described technology may be produced by sulfitating an alkyl alcohol mono-chloroacetate with a sulfitating agent such as sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite, or may be commercially obtained from Stepan Company, Northfield Illinois, as LATHANOL® LAL (sodium lauryl sulfoacetate).
[0032] The primary surfactant mixture described in the present technology can be prepared by physically blending SME/SFA with ASA or EASA at a desired active ratio. Alternatively, in some embodiments of the presently described technology, the primary surfactant mixture may be prepared by sulfitating an alkyl or ethoxylated alkyl alcohol mono- chloroacetate in the presence of an alpha sulfo alkyl ester and/or of an alpha sulfo fatty acid with a sulfitating agent such as sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite, followed by co-neutralization with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine, or a mixture thereof. It has been found that sulfitation of alkyl alcohol mono-chloroacetate in presence of an alpha sulfo alkyl ester and/or of an alpha sulfo fatty acid will efficiently reduce the viscosity of the mixture during processing to produce a surfactant mixture of alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, sulfonated fatty acid, alkyl sulfoacetate and/or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate. In-situ sulfitation alleviates the need for separately producing and mixing the components of the primary surfactant mixture. Secondary Surfactant:
[0033] Preferred embodiments of the presently described invention may also include a secondary surfactant, which is believed may act as an
additional detersive, foam stabilizer, wetting agent, emulsifier, skin enhancer, viscosity modifier or the like.
[0034] The secondary surfactant may be a suitable anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, or zwitterionic surfactant, and preferably comprises between about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of the total cleansing composition, more preferably, between about 1% to about 15% by weight of the total cleansing composition, and most preferably, between about 2% to about 10% by weight of the total cleansing composition. For a colorfast shampoo composition, the secondary surfactant may be present in an amount of about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent active.
[0035] Suitable anionic surfactants, include, without limitation: sulfonated alkyl benzene, sulfonated alpha olefin, paraffin sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl alkoxy sulfate, alkyl alkoxy carboxylate, alkyl phosphate, alkyl alkoxy phosphate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl alkoxylated sulfate, acyl lactylate, alkyl isethionate, salts thereof, and combinations thereof. Further examples can be found in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and Il by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). Suitable nonionic surfactants include, without limitation: fatty acid amide, ethoxylated fatty acid amide, alkyl alcohol, alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate, propylene glycol esters, polyglycerol esters, ethylene glycol esters, ethoxylated glycol esters, polypropylene glycol esters, alkylpolyglycoside, alkyl glucamide, and combinations thereof. More examples are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued on Dec 30, 1975 at column 13, line 14 through column 16, line 6, incorporated herein by reference. Cationic surfactants and cationic polymers may include, without limitation: alkyl dimethylammonium halogenide, quaternized cellulose, quaternized quar gum, esterquat, amidoquat, and stearylammidopropyl dimethyl amine quat. Other cationic surfactants useful herein are also described in U.S. Patent No. 4,228,044 to Cambre, issued Oct. 14 1980, incorporated herein by reference. Other suitable secondary surfactants include, for example, betaines, amine oxide, fatty acid amide, ethoxylated fatty acid amide and acyl lactylate.
[0036] Most preferably, the secondary surfactant is an anionic surfactant, betaine, amine oxide, fatty acid amide, ethoxylated fatty acid amide, hydroxysultaine, sulfosuccinate, amphoacetate, sarcosinate, or acyl lactylate. Suitable commercially available secondary surfactants include, without limitation, the AMPHOSOL® series (betaines and sultaines), AMMONYX® LMDO (lauramidopropylamine / myristamidopropylamine oxide), or AMMONYX® LO-E (lauramine oxide), NINOL® C-5 and NINOL® COMF surfactants manufactured by Stepan Company, Northfield, Illinois, or other surfactants disclosed and discussed below in the Examples. Water:
[0037] The cleanser compositions described herein are preferably in the form of liquids or creams in which water is the principal diluent. Alternatively, although less preferred, other solvents such as alcohols may be utilized. The level of water in a liquid personal cleansing composition is preferably from about 30% to about 99% by weight, more preferably from about 70% to about 90% by weight, and most preferably between about 80% to about 90% by weight. Optional Ingredients:
[0038] The formulations of the presently described technology may be used alone as a liquid cleansing composition, preferably as a body wash, hand wash, shampoo or the like. Alternatively, other optional ingredients may be added to make the present compositions more preferable for a variety of different uses such as a pumpable liquid hand cleanser, denture cleanser, dish soap, gel body wash, face cleanser, bath soap, or the like.
[0039] For example, while not bound to any one theory, it is believed that fatty acid soaps, polymeric thickeners, humectants, electrolytes, rheological modifiers, fatty alcohols, fatty glycerol, opacifiers, pearlescent agents and PEG esters may be added to achieve a desired viscosity and phase stability for the finished cleansing composition. If the cleansing composition is to be formulated as a dish soap or pumpable hand cleanser, it is desirable that the composition have a viscosity which is pleasing to the feel,
but allows a proper quantity of the formulation to be readily delivered through an appropriately sized aperture of a hand pumped delivery apparatus.
[0040] Alternatively, the liquid cleansing products can be thickened by using polymeric additives that hydrate, swell or molecularly associate to provide body (e.g., hydroxypropyl guar gum is used as a thickening aid in shampoo compositions). Suitable thickening agents include, without limitation, those listed in the Glossary and Chapters 3, 4, 12 and 13 of the Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums and Resins, Robert L. Davidson, McGraw- Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1980. Preferably, cellulosic polymers and acrylic polymers and copolymers may be utilized, preferably in an amount between about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the finished cleansing composition, more preferably, between about 0.3% to about 5% by weight. Other suitable rheological modifiers include, without limitation, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol ester, and inorganic salts, including, without limitation, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sultate.
[0041] Emollients (including, without limitation, vegetable oils, mineral oils, silicone oils, petrolatum, polyglycerol methyl esters, and esters), skin conditioning agents (such as glycerine and free fatty acid), fragrances, herbal extracts, and vitamins may be added to further enhance skin conditioning ability. In some product formulations, such as body wash emulsions, it may be desirable to add emollients in amounts as high as 25% by weight or more of the total cleansing composition in order to enhance the skin moisturizing properties of the composition. Ordinarily, emollients are not added in such high amounts because they detrimentally affect the foaming properties of the cleansing composition. Surprisingly, however, the cleansing compositions of the present technology work almost synergistically with such emollients to provide unexpectedly good foaming performance. Stated another way, the emollients do not act as defoamers in the cleansing composition of the present technology. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it is
believed that the cleansing composition provides a high level of emulsification, generating a stronger oil-surfactant film which preserves the foam.
[0042] Fatty acid soaps, builders, and additional surfactants may be added to aid in cleansing ability. Fragrances and colors may also be added to further enhance the appearance and smell of the finished formulation. Suitable preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and imidazolidinyl urea may be utilized. Antibacterial agents such as quaternary ammonium compounds may also be utilized. Furthermore, a dimethyl polysiloxane may be utilized to enhance skin feel and conditioning properties to hair.
[0043] The compositions and the methods of producing such compositions herein may be formulated and carried out such that they will have a pH of between about 4.0 to about 8.5, and, in some embodiments, between about 5.0 to about 7.0. Techniques for controlling pH at recommended usage levels include the use of buffers, alkali, acids, etc., and are well known to those skilled in the art. Optional pH adjusting agents can include, but are not limited to citric acid, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and the like.
Examples:
[0044] The following examples describe some of the preferred embodiments of the present technology without limiting the technology thereto. Other embodiments include, but are not limited to, those described in the above written description, including additional or alternative components, alternative concentrations, and additional or alternative properties and uses.
Table A: Composition Trade Names & Abbreviations
[0045] Examples 1-23 are formulations of the presently described cleansing composition, without any additives or thickeners, indicated in weight percent active.
Table B: Examples 1-6 (formulations without additives) Ingredient/Example l 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 l 5 | 6 i
Table E: Examples 19 - 23 (formulations without additives)
Table F: Examples 24- 29 (formulations with additives)
[0046] Examples 24-29 are formulations of the presently described cleansing composition, with selected additives, indicated in weight percent active.
Table G: Example 30 (Control Formulation)
[0047] Example 30 is a control formulation, for testing comparison, indicated in weight percent active.
Table H: Examples 31-33 (Samples With Only SME/SFA)
[0048] Examples 31-33 contain only SME/SFA, without any
ASA/EASA.
[0049] All examples of the presently described technology were prepared in de-ionized water. The final pH of each composition was adjusted to between 5-6 with either sodium hydroxide (50%) or citric acid (50%). Foaming and skin feel evaluation for all examples was carried out using an in- vivo human expert panel test. Formulations according to the present technology were compared to a 15% active formulation containing sodium laureth sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine control formulation (example 30) at a 4:1 active ratio (STEOL® CS-230/AMPHOSOL® HCG), or to a commercial product (Carress® body wash and Dove® Moisturizing Body Wash by Unilever, Softsoap® hand-soap by Colgate-Palmolive, or TreSemme® shampoo by Alberto-Culver).
[0050] Three panelists with different skin types (dry, normal, and moist) were chosen for each test. The skin type of the panelist was determined using a NOVA meter. A NOVA reading less than 100 represents dry skin, 110-130, normal skin and 130 or above, moist skin. The panelists were asked to assess the performance of the experimental product and the control or commercial product in a blind test using a 1 to 5 rating scale, with 1 being the worst and 5 being the best. Panelists were not told which samples were the experimental formulations, and which samples were the control or commercial product.
[0051] Panelists were asked to assess the following characteristics during and after the washing procedure: foam volume, skin softness, skin dryness, and tackiness during drying. To identify tackiness during drying, the panelists were instructed that some products may impart a sticky/tacky feel on the skin during the transition from a wet to a dry stage. Tackiness can be assessed by touching the fingers of the same hand together or by force required to separate fingers. To identify skin tightness when dry, the panelists
were instructed that some products may leave the skin feeling tight or stretched after the skin is completely dry. The panelists were instructed that this property should not be evaluated until the panelist is sure that the hands are completely dry. Similarly, skin dryness was evaluated once the hands were completely dry.
[0052] To identify skin softness, the panelists were instructed to characterize how soft and smooth the skin feels to the touch. A product can often leave the skin feeling dry, but smooth. The positive extreme would be a smooth velvety feel (ranking of 5 on a 1-5 scale), and the opposite would be a rough feeling skin with some grittiness (ranking of 1 on a 1-5 scale). All samples were coded in order to get a fair comparison between the experimental and control products. Human Panel Test Method
1. Panelists were asked to pre-wash their hands with 15% active sodium lauryl sulfate solution to remove residue from the skin and establish the baseline before evaluating of experimental body washes.
2. Hand washing tests were conducted using luke-warm (95°F and 1050F) running tap water.
3. Using a syringe, 1 ml of the 15% active body wash test product was dispensed to the panelist's wet palm.
4. The panelists were asked to wash their hands by gently rubbing them together for 30 seconds followed by rinsing under running tap water for 15 seconds.
5. The panelists were asked to rank the product for wet properties using a 1-5 scale.
6. The hands were dried using paper towel, and then evaluated for wet to dry stage transition properties.
7. Skin feel evaluation was done at ambient temperature (~25°C).
[0053] The average response for the three panelists, for each experimental formulation, subtracted from the average response for the control formulation, is indicated below in Table I. A positive score indicates that the experimental formulation outperformed the control.
Table I: Performance Comparison of Experimental Compositions to Control Formulation (Example 30) (Control Score Subtracted from Average Values for
Experimental Compositions)
Table J: Comparison of Experimental Formulations to Caress® Body Wash
Table K: Comparison to Softsoap Hand Soap
[0054] Two samples with a mixture of Alpha-Step and Lathanol LAL were compared to Softsoap® Hand Soap. Additionally, two samples with SME/SFA alone (Examples 31 & 32) were compared.
Table L: Comparison of Experimental Formulations to Dove Moisturizing
Body Wash
[0055] As can be seen in Tables I through L, each experimental formulation of the presently described technology performed equal to or better than the control formulation, Caress® Body Wash, or Soft-Soap® Hand Soap in softness, moisturizing, and foam volume. Additionally, each experimental formulation of the presently described technology, with added emollient, performed equal to or better than Dove® Moisturizing Body Wash.
Table M: Examples 34-37 (formulations with high emollient concentration)
[0056] Examples 34-37 are formulations of the presently described cleansing composition, with high levels of emollient, indicated in weight percent active.
[0057] Examples 38 and 39 are control formulations, for testing comparison, indicated by weight percent active.
[0058] Foaming properties of the Examples 34-37 and 38-39 were measured using the following procedure:
TEST METHOD
1. Hand wash tests were conducted using luke-warm (about 95°F to about 105°F) running tap water.
2. Using a syringe, 1 ml of the cleansing composition was dispensed to the panelist's wet palm.
3. Panelists washed their hands by working the product into foam for 30 seconds followed by rinsing under running tap water for 15 seconds.
4. The washing procedure was repeated one more time.
5. The foam from the second washing procedure was collected by having the panelists use their hands to scrape the foam from their hands and transfer the foam into a graduated beaker for foam volume measurement.
[0059] Foaming properties of the formulations of the present technology in Examples 34-37 were evaluated and compared to the control
formulations of Examples 38-39. Each formulation contained a high level of emollient (e.g., 25% active). The results of the foaming test are graphically illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0060] As can be seen from the graph in FIG. 1 , the experimental formulations of Examples 34 and 35, in accordance with the presently described technology, achieved a foam volume of 150 ml with 25% by weight of soybean oil included in the formulation and a foam volume of 125 ml with 25% by weight of petrolatum included in the formulation. In comparison, the control formulations (Examples 38 and 39), had a foam volume of only 75 ml with the same amount of soybean oil included in the control formulation, and a foam volume of only 55 ml with the same amount of petrolatum included in the control formulation. Thus, the formulation in accordance with the present technology that comprised 25% by weight soybean oil (Example 35), had a foam volume that was double that of the comparable control formulation (Example 39), and the formulation in accordance with the present technology that comprised 25% by weight petrolatum (Example 34) had a foam volume that was more than double that of the comparable control formulation (Example 38). This represents a surprising and significant improvement in foaming performance compared to the control formulation.
[0061] Further, Examples 36 and 37 demonstrate that improved foaming performance compared to the control formulation can still be achieved when the primary surfactant of the formulation of the presently described technology only partially replaces the STEOL CS-230 of the control formulation. In Examples 36 and 37, the formulations contained 3% active ALPHA-STEP® PC-48 and 3% LATHANOL® LAL, a primary surfactant system in accordance with the presently described technology, and 6% active STEOL CS-230, rather than the 6% active ALPHA-STEP® PC-48 and 6% LATHANOL® LAL, used in Examples 34 and 35, or the 12% active STEOL CS-230 used in control Examples 38 and 39. As can be seen from the graph in FIG. 1 , improved foaming performance, as compared to the control formulations can still be achieved even though the primary surfactant system
of the presently described technology only partially replaces the conventional primary surfactant used in the control examples.
[0062] In addition to body washes and hand washes, compositions according to the presently described technology may also be configured as shampoos. A simple formulation according to the present technology, without thickeners or additives which may be added as desired for a shampoo, was compared to a leading commercially available shampoo, TreSemme® available from Alberto-Culver in a salon test. The formulations of experimental formulation Examples 40 and 41 are indicated in Table O. The experimental formulations were tested by 18 individuals, and compared on a number of properties, as indicated in Table P.
Table O: Experimental Formulations for Shampoo Testing
Table P: Comparison of Example 40 and Example 41 to TreSemme® by Alberto-Culver
-4
Indicating, for example, 10 participants who judged flash foam to be equal to TreSemme®.
[0063] As can be seen in Table P, the experimental formulations performed better or equal to TreSemme® in flash foam, foam stability, foam density, rinsability, detangling, combabilty, absence of static, body, and shine.
[0064] Other simple shampoo formulations according to the present technology, without thickeners or additives which may be added as desired for a shampoo, are compared for color washing fastness to a shampoo formulation based upon 15% active STEOL CS-230/Amphosol HCG in a 4:1 active ratio. The experimental formulations and the control formulation are indicated in Table Q.
Table Q: Experimental Formulations and Control Formulation for Color
Washing Fastness Testing
[0065] Examples 42 and 43 were tested and compared for color washing fastness, which evaluates the ability of colored hair to maintain its color through shampoo washings. The following test method was used to evaluate the color washing fastness of Example 42 and control Example 43.
Color Washing Fastness Test Method
1. Initial color measurement was taken on 2g European brown hair colored swatch (blond hair colored with dark brown permanent
(oxidation) color - WeIIa Dark Brown Color #311 ) using a Minolta Colorimeter.
2. The hair swatch was wet with lukewarm (T = about 96° to about 980F) tap water.
3. 1g of test shampoo composition was applied to 2g hair swatch. The shampoo was worked into a foam using fingers for 30 seconds
4. The hair swatch was rinsed for 30 seconds under running tap water. 5. The procedure was repeated 3, 5 and 10 times. The hair swatch was air-dried and the total color ΔE* ab were measured before washing and after 3 washings, 5 washings and 10 washings using the Minolta Colorimeter.
ΔE* ab, = V(ΔL*)2 + (Δα*)2 + (Ab*)2 where L* = lightness a* = + red/-green b* = + red/-blue
6. The color difference ΔE* before and after washing was calculated using the following equation:
ΔE* = ΔE*gb (after washing) " ΔE*ab (initial)
[0066] The results from the color washing fastness tests are shown in
Table R.
Table R
43 42
5 1 0
(N u m b e r o f w a s h e s )
[0067] As can be seen from Table R, the shampoo formulation of
Example 42, in accordance with the presently described technology, showed significant observable improvement in ΔE* color washing fastness compared to the Example 43 control after 10 washing cycles. The difference between formulation 42 and formulation 43 in ΔE* after 10 washing cycles was 3.38.
[0068] Conditioning shampoo formulations according to the presently described technology, which contain silicone oil as an added component, were prepared in accordance with the procedure set forth below. The experimental formulations for the conditioning shampoo are indicated in Examples 46 and 47 in Table S.
Table S: Conditioning Shampoo Formulations
Mixing Procedure
1. Mix water and surfactants, and heat the mixture to about 65°C.
2. Add EGMS, mix until dispersed.
3. Add Silicone Fluid DC 200, mix well for 30 minutes. Start cooling.
4. Add Glydant at about 25°C.
5. Check pH. Adjust with NaOH or citric acid, if necessary, to obtain a pH of about 5 to about 6.
6. Adjust viscosity with NaCI, if necessary.
[0069] The formulations of Examples 46 and 47 show good foaming and emulsification properties, even though the formulations contain 2.0 weight percent active silicone oil (Silicone Fluid DC 200).
Table T: Examples 48-52 (formulations without additives)
[0070] Examples 48-52 are formulations of the presently described cleansing composition, without any additives or thickeners, indicated in weight percent active. These formulations illustrate that different ratios of primary surfactant components may be used in the cleansing composition of the presently described technology. Also, Example 52 illustrates that an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate (EASA) may be used as a primary surfactant
component in the cleansing composition of the presently described technology.
[0071] The invention has now been described in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, to practice the same. It is to be understood that the foregoing describes preferred embodiments and examples of the invention and that modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims
1. A liquid cleansing composition comprising:
(a) between about 0.1% to about 70% by weight of a primary surfactant mixture comprising:
(i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof; and
(ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or a mixture thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of between about 1:1.5 to about 10:1 ;
(b) between about 0.1 % to about 50% by weight of secondary surfactants;
(c) optionally between about 0.1 % to about 50% by weight of additives, and
(d) balance with water up to 100%.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alpha sulfonated alkyl ester has the formula:
wherein R3 is a fully saturated or unsaturated C6-C22 hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or a combination thereof, R4 is a straight or branched chain C-I-CΘ hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or a combination thereof, n is an integer equal to 1 or 2, and M is a member of selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, and mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sulfonated fatty acid has the formula:
wherein R5 is a fully saturated or unsaturated C6-C22 hydrocarbyl group, an alkyl group, or a combination thereof, n is an integer equal to 1 or 2, and N is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium, and mixtures thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl sulfoacetate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate has the chemical structure:
wherein R is a fully saturated or unsaturated C7-C21 hydrocarbyl group, n is an integer between 0 and 6, and X is hydrogen, an alkaline metal, ammonium, organic amine, or alkaline earth metal.
5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a mixture of an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and a sulfonated fatty acid in a ratio of about 30:1 to about 0:1.
6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a primary surfactant mixture of an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, and an alkyl sulfoacetate.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the ratio of an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and a sulfonated fatty acid in combination to the alkyl sulfoacetate is between about 1 :1.5 to about 4:1.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the primary surfactant mixture comprises an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, and an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, wherein the ratio of an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and a sulfonated fatty acid in combination to an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate is between about 10:1 to about 1:10.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the primary surfactant mixture comprises between about 1% to about 35% by weight of the total cleansing composition.
10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the primary surfactant mixture comprises between about 3% to about 20% by weight of the total cleansing composition.
11. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising between about 0.01% to about 50% by weight of one or more additives selected from the group consisting of emollients, emulsifiers, rheological modifiers, humectants, salts, skin conditioning agents, fragrances, colors, herbal extracts, builders, enzymes, pH adjusters, antibacterial agents, vitamins, antioxidants, pearlescent agents, opacifiers, and preservatives.
12. The composition of claim 11 , comprising between about 1 % to about 10% by weight of the additive.
13. The composition of claim 11, comprising one or more emollients selected from the group consisting essentially of vegetable oils, mineral oils, silicone oils, petrolatums, polyglycerol esters, methyl esters, and other emollient esters.
14. The composition of claim 11 , comprising one or more Theological modifiers selected from the group consisting essentially of polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol ester, cellulose derivatives, starch derivatives, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and calcium chloride.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the secondary surfactant is an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting essentially of a salt of alkyl benzene sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxy sulfates, alkyl alkoxy carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl alkoxy phosphates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl alkoxylated sulfates, alkyl isethionates, acyl lactylates, salts thereto, and combinations thereof.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the secondary surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant selected from the group consisting essentially of fatty acid amides, ethoxylated fatty acid amides, alkyl alcohols, alkyl alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, propylene glycol esters, poly glycerol esters, ethylene glycol esters, ethoxylated glycol esters, polypropylene glycol esters, alkylpolyglycosides, alkyl glucamides and combinations thereof.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting essentially of betaines, amine oxides, hydroxysultaines, sulfosuccinates, amphoacetates, sarcosinates, and acyl lactylates.
18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the secondary surfactant is a cationic agent or a cationic polymer selected from the group consisting essentially of alkyl dimethylammonium halogenide, quaternized cellulose, quaternized quar gum, esterquat, amidoquat, and stearylammidopropyl dimethyl amine quat.
19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is incorporated into a powder or a gel.
20. A process for producing a primary surfactant composition comprising:
(a) combining in a reaction vessel
(i) alkyl alcohol or ethoxylated alkyl alcohol mono- chloroacetate and
(ii) sulfonated methyl ester and sulfonated fatty acid
(b) sulfitating with sodium sulfite and sodium metabisulfite of (i) in the presence of (ii) to produce alkyl sulfoacetate and /or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, and sulfonated alkyl ester and or sulfonated fatty acid in a ratio of the sulfonated alkyl ester and sulfonated fatty acid combination to alkyl and or ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate is between about 1:1.5 to about 10:1; and
(c) neutralizing the mixture generated in step (b) with alkaline solution to produce a primary surfactant mixture comprising between about 0.5% to about 70% by weight total surfactant.
21. A composition suitable for use as a skin cleanser or shampoo comprising:
(a) between about 1 % to about 30% by weight of a primary surfactant mixture comprising: (i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof; and
(ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or a mixture thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of between about 1 :3 to about 10:1 ;
(b) between about 0.1 % to about 50% by weight of secondary surfactants;
(c) between about 0.1% to about 50% of optional additives; and
(d) water.
22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein the secondary surfactant is selected from the group consisting essentially of sulfonated alkyl benzenes, sulfonated alpha olefins, sulfonated paraffins, alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxy sulfates, alkyl alkoxy carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl alkoxy phosphates, sulfonated alkyls, alkyl alkoxylated sulfates, acyl lactylates, fatty acid amides, ethoxylated fatty acid amides, alkyl alcohols, alkyl alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, propylene glycol esters, poly glycerol esters, betaines, sultaines, alkyl isethionates, amine oxides, glucamides, alkyl polyglycosides, , sulfosuccinates, amphoacetates, sarcosinates and mixtures thereof.
23. The composition of claim 21 , further comprising between about 0.01 % to about 20% by weight of an additive selected from the group consisting essentially of emollients, emulsifiers, rheological modifiers, humectants, salts, skin conditioning agents, fragrances, colors, herbal extracts, vitamins, builders, enzymes, pH adjusters, antibacterial agents, preservatives, opacifiers, pearlescent agents, and mixtures thereof.
24. A colorfast shampoo composition comprising: (a) from about 5 to about 25 weight percent active of a primary surfactant mixture comprising:
(i) an alpha sulfonated alkyl ester, a sulfonated fatty acid, or a mixture thereof; and
(ii) an alkyl sulfoacetate, an ethoxylated alkyl sulfoacetate, or a mixture thereof, in a ratio of (i) to (ii) of about 10:1 to about 1:10;
(b) from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent active of a secondary surfactant;
(c) from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of additives, and
(d) water.
Priority Applications (4)
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BRPI0606144A BRPI0606144B1 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-02-03 | liquid cleaning compound |
US11/814,043 US8053400B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-02-03 | Liquid cleansing composition comprising a ternary mixture of anionic surfactants |
ES06720279.6T ES2462222T3 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-02-03 | Liquid cleaning composition |
EP06720279.6A EP1868558B1 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-02-03 | Liquid cleansing composition |
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US65002005P | 2005-02-04 | 2005-02-04 | |
US60/650,020 | 2005-02-04 |
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US (1) | US8053400B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1868558B1 (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2006084190A1 (en) |
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FR3013967A1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-05 | Oreal | AQUEOUS FOAMING GEL COMPRISING AN ACYL ALKYLEISETHIONATE, AN ALKYL SULFOACETATE, AND IF NECESSARILY SULFOSUCCINATE AND / OR SALT OF SULFONATE FATTY ACIDS |
FR3013966A1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-05 | Oreal | AQUEOUS FOAMING GEL COMPRISING AN ALKYL SULFOACETATE, AN ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDE, AND, IF POSSIBLE, A SALT OF SULFONATE FATTY ACID |
FR3013968A1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-05 | Oreal | AQUEOUS GEL FOAM CLEANING COMPOSITION COMPRISING ALKYL SULFOACETATE, SULFOSUCCINATE, AND SULFONATE FATTY ACID SALT |
WO2015079026A1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-04 | L'oreal | Foaming composition comprising an acyl alkyl isethionate and an alkyl sulfoacetate, and cosmetic treatment process |
EP3272327A1 (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-24 | Basf Se | Aqueous tenside compositions |
WO2018015036A1 (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-25 | Basf Se | Aqueous surfactant compositions |
CN109475481A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2019-03-15 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Aqueous surfactant compositions |
CN111542306A (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2020-08-14 | 吉隆坡甲洞金油化私人有限公司 | Conditioning shampoo composition |
EP3691608A4 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2021-08-25 | KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd | A conditioning shampoo composition |
IL273696B1 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2023-12-01 | Kl Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd | A conditioning shampoo composition |
CN111542306B (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2024-03-01 | 吉隆坡甲洞金油化私人有限公司 | Conditioning shampoo composition |
IL273696B2 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2024-04-01 | Kl Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd | A conditioning shampoo composition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0606144A2 (en) | 2009-06-02 |
ES2462222T3 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
ES2589787T3 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
EP2431019A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
EP1868558A4 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
US20090227482A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
EP1868558A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
EP1868558B1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
EP2431019B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
US8053400B2 (en) | 2011-11-08 |
BRPI0606144B1 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
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