WO2006078764A2 - Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst - Google Patents
Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006078764A2 WO2006078764A2 PCT/US2006/001815 US2006001815W WO2006078764A2 WO 2006078764 A2 WO2006078764 A2 WO 2006078764A2 US 2006001815 W US2006001815 W US 2006001815W WO 2006078764 A2 WO2006078764 A2 WO 2006078764A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- ppm
- cerium
- diesel
- platinum
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
- F02D19/0649—Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
- F02D19/0652—Biofuels, e.g. plant oils
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/14—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding anti-knock agents, not provided for in subgroups F02M25/022 - F02M25/10
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/1241—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof metal carbonyls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/1814—Chelates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1886—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof naphthenic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1888—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof tall oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/189—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/301—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Definitions
- the invention concerns new compositions and a new process for improving the efficiency of fossil fuel combustion sources.
- Utilizing a fuel containing a fuel-soluble catalyst comprised of platinum and at least one additional metal reduces production of pollutants of the type generated by incomplete combustion, e.g., particulates, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
- Diesel engines have a number of important advantages over engines of the Otto type. Among them are fuel economy, ease of repair and long life. From the standpoint of emissions, however, they present problems more severe than their spark-ignition counterparts. Emission problems relate to particulates, nitrogen oxides (NO x ), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). As engine operation modifications are made to reduce particulates and unburned hydrocarbons on diesel engines, the NO x emissions tend to increase.
- NO x nitrogen oxides
- HC unburned hydrocarbons
- CO carbon monoxide
- FBCs fuel borne catalysts
- particulate emissions are limited to 100,000 ⁇ g/hp-hr (0.1 gram/hp-hr).
- a cerium FBC used at 30 ppm in fuel represents a metal catalyst input loading to the engine of 6000 ⁇ g/hp-hr of metal or roughly 6% of untreated engine emissions.
- the fuel employed according to the invention comprises carbonaceous fuel, e.g., fossil fuel, containing low or ultra low levels of catalyst metal additives.
- the catalyst metal additives will preferably be soluble or dispersible in the fuel and contain platinum and cerium and/or iron compositions.
- the invention provides a diesel fuel for powering a diesel engine with reduced emission of particulates without the need for an after treatment device, comprising: a base fuel comprising distillate, and a fuel borne catalyst comprising platinum and cerium and/or iron, wherein the platinum is employed at a level of from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm, e.g., 0.1 to 0.5 ppm, and the levels of cerium or iron being from 5 to 10 ppm.
- the diesel fuel contains less than 0.05% sulfur.
- the cerium and/or iron are present at total concentrations of from 0.5 to less than 8 ppm.
- the invention provides a method for reducing the emissions of particulates, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide from a diesel engine directly out of the engine prior to contact with an oxidizer or particulate trap comprising: adding a fuel- soluble platinum group metal composition and at least one other catalytic compound comprising fuel-soluble compounds of cerium and/or iron to a diesel fuel to lower the emissions of particulates, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, wherein the platinum is employed at a level of from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm, e.g., 0.1 to 0.5 ppm, and the levels of cerium and/or iron being from 5 to 10 ppm; and operating a diesel engine with the fuel.
- the invention can be described as providing a process for improving combustion of pilot fuel in a dual-fuel diesel engine, which operates principally on natural gas, comprising: adding to a pilot fuel, a multi catalyst composition comprising platinum at concentrations of from only 0.0005 to less than 0.15 ppm and cerium and/or iron at total concentrations of from only 0.5 to less than 8 ppm.
- the invention is seen as providing a process for combusting a carbonaceous fuel comprising: mixing with fuel or combustion air a multi- component combustion catalyst comprising a platinum composition and cerium and/or iron compositions at levels reduced to as low as 0.0005 ppm for platinum and levels as low as 0.5 ppm for the cerium and iron; and combusting fuel with air in the presence of the catalyst in a regimen of treatment that will utilize effective catalyst levels for a time and under conditions, which will achieve one or more of the noted improvements.
- a process for combusting a carbonaceous fuel comprising: mixing with fuel or combustion air a multi-component combustion catalyst comprising a platinum composition and cerium and/or iron compositions at levels of from about 0.0005 to 2 ppm for platinum and levels of from about 1 to 25 ppm for the cerium and iron; combusting fuel with air in the presence of the catalyst in a regimen of treatment that will utilize effective catalyst levels for a time and under conditions, which will achieve one or more of the noted improvements; then, for at least a period of time changing the amount of catalyst utilized by mixing with fuel or combustion air a multi-component combustion catalyst comprising a platinum composition and cerium and/or iron compositions at levels reduced to as low as 0.0005 ppm for platinum and levels as low as 0.5 ppm for the cerium and iron; and combusting fuel with air in the presence of the catalyst in a regimen of treatment that will utilize effective catalyst levels for a time and under conditions, which will achieve one or more of
- the invention provides a process for combusting a carbonaceous fuel comprising: for at least a part of a treatment regimen utilizing higher catalyst concentrations, e.g., platinum at 0.5 to 2.0 ppm and cerium at 7.5 to 15 ppm; mixing with fuel a multi-component combustion catalyst comprising a platinum composition and cerium and/or iron compositions at levels of 0.0005 to less than 0.15 ppm for platinum and levels of 0.05 to less than 1.0 ppm for the cerium and iron; and combusting the fuel with air in a regimen of treatment that will achieve one or more of the noted improvements.
- a multi-component combustion catalyst comprising a platinum composition and cerium and/or iron compositions at levels of 0.0005 to less than 0.15 ppm for platinum and levels of 0.05 to less than 1.0 ppm for the cerium and iron
- Fig. 1 is a graph summarizing the data from Example 3, wherein a platinum/cerium fuel borne catalyst (FBC) at low concentrations was evaluated on several fuels on a diesel engine.
- FBC platinum/cerium fuel borne catalyst
- Fig. 2 is a graph summarizing the data from Example 6, wherein a platinum/cerium fuel borne catalyst (FBC) at low concentrations was evaluated on several fuels on a diesel engine.
- FBC platinum/cerium fuel borne catalyst
- Fig. 3 is a graph summarizing the data from Example 7, wherein a platinum/cerium fuel borne catalyst (FBC) at low concentrations was evaluated on several fuels on a diesel engine.
- FBC platinum/cerium fuel borne catalyst
- the use of low and ultra-low individual and combined catalyst levels is significant in several regards, including the great reduction in catalyst solids which can accumulate within a system or are exhausted.
- the invention can reduce pollutants without the use of after-treatment devices and can enhance after treatment due to the reduced production of particulates and the increased ability to burn off carbon deposits.
- Cerium and iron levels are reduced to levels as low as 0.05 ppm and platinum levels are reduced to levels as low as 0.0005 ppm.
- a regimen of treatment will utilize effective levels within the low and ultra-low ranges for a time and under conditions, which will achieve one or more of the noted improvements.
- the invention relates to improving combustion of diesel fuels, which typically comprise a fossil fuel, such as any of the typical petroleum-derived fuels including distillate fuels.
- the diesel fuel can be of any of those formulations disclosed in the above priority patent applications, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
- a fuel can be one or a blend of fuels selected from the group consisting of distillate fuels, including diesel fuel, e.g., No. 2 Diesel fuel, No. 1 Diesel fuel, jet fuel, e.g., Jet A, or the like which is similar in boiling point and viscosity to No.
- Diesel fuel, ultra low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) and biologically-derived fuels such as those comprising a "mono-alkyl ester-based oxygenated fuel", i.e., fatty acid esters, preferably methyl esters of fatty acids derived from triglycerides, e.g., soybean oil, Canola oil and/or tallow.
- a "mono-alkyl ester-based oxygenated fuel” i.e., fatty acid esters, preferably methyl esters of fatty acids derived from triglycerides, e.g., soybean oil, Canola oil and/or tallow.
- Jet A and Diesel No. 1 are deemed equivalent for applications of the invention, but are covered by different American Society For Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications.
- the diesel fuels are covered by ASTM D 975, "Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils”. Jet A has the designation of ASTM D 1655, "Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels”.
- ULSD ultra low sulfur diesel fuel
- ULSD means No. 1 or No. 2 diesel fuels with a sulfur level no higher than 0.0015 percent by weight (15 ppm) and some jurisdictions require a low aromatic hydrocarbon content e.g., less than ten percent by volume.
- low aromatic content ultralow sulfur diesel (LA ULSD) fuel means that this component of the fuel will have an aromatic content in volume percent of less than 10%, and preferably of from 1 to 8%, particularly in the range of from 2 to 5%.
- the table below shows typical analyses of a No. 2 diesel and low aromatic ultralow sulfur diesel fuels LA ULSD, in addition to a formulation also containing a biodiesel component (LA ULSD with FBC and 20% Bio-Diesel).
- Biodiesel typically comprises a minor proportion of a diesel fuel blend, typically from about 1 to 35%, e.g., on the order of 15 to 25%. Blends will typically contain about 20% biodiesel, wherein this biologically-derived fuel component will be comprised of a "mono-alkyl ester-based oxygenated fuel", i.e., fatty acid esters, preferably from fatty acids derived from triglycerides such as soybean oil, Canola oil and/or tallow.
- a "mono-alkyl ester-based oxygenated fuel” i.e., fatty acid esters, preferably from fatty acids derived from triglycerides such as soybean oil, Canola oil and/or tallow.
- fatty acid ester(s) is intended to include any compound wherein the alcohol portion is easily removed, including polyols and substituted alcohols, etc., but are preferably esters of volatile alcohols, e.g., the C 1 -C 4 alcohols (preferably methyl), 2-methoxy ethyl and benzyl esters of fatty acids containing about eight or more (e.g., 8 to 22) carbon atoms, and mixtures of such esters. Volatile alcohols are highly desirable. Methyl esters are the most highly preferred ester reactants. Suitable ester reactants can be prepared by the reaction of diazoalkanes and fatty acids, or derived by alcoholysis from the fatty acids naturally occurring in fats and oils.
- Suitable fatty acid esters can be derived from synthetic or natural, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and include positional and geometrical isomers.
- Suitable preferred saturated fatty acids include caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, isomyristic, isomargaric, myristic, caprylic, and anteisoarachadic.
- Suitable preferred unsaturated fatty acids include myristoleic, palmitoleic, ricinoleic, linoleic, oleic, elaidic, linolenic, eleasteric, arachidonic, erucic, and erythrogenic acids.
- fatty acids derived from soybean oil, palm oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil, Canola (low erucic acid), and corn oil are especially preferred for use herein.
- the fatty acids can be used "as is,” and/or after hydrogenation, and/for isomerization, and/for purification.
- rapeseed provides a good source for C 22 fatty acids
- C 16 -C 18 fatty acids can be provided by tallow, soybean oil, or cottonseed oil
- shorter chain fatty acids can be provided by coconut, palm kernel, or babassu oils.
- Lard, olive oil, peanut oil, sesame seed oil, and sunflower seed oil, are other natural sources of fatty acids.
- Preferred esters comprised in the biodiesel are lower alkyl esters, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, particularly methyl esters of soybean and or tallow fatty acids.
- biodiesel BlOO
- biodiesel is defined as the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, for use in compression-ignition (diesel) engines. This specification is for pure (100%) biodiesel prior to use or blending with diesel fuel.
- Cloud Point D2500 Pref. -2 0 C or Degrees C
- the process of the invention employs a fuel-soluble, multi-metal catalyst, preferably comprising fuel-soluble platinum and either cerium or iron or both cerium and iron.
- the cerium and/or iron are typically employed at concentrations of from 0.5 to 20 ppm and the platinum from 0.0005 to 2 ppm, with preferred levels of cerium and/or iron being from 5 to 10 ppm, e.g., 7.5 ppm, and the platinum being employed at a level of from 0.0005 to 0.5 ppm, e.g., less than 0.15 ppm, and in some cases less than 0.1 ppm, say 0.01 to 0.09 ppm.
- the treatment regimen can call for the utilizing higher catalyst concentrations initially or at defined intervals or as needed—but not for the whole treatment as has been necessary in the past.
- platinum concentrations can be as high as 1 ppm or even up to 2 ppm, as needed.
- the cerium and/or iron are preferred at levels of cerium and/or iron being from 2 to 10 ppm, e.g., 3-8 ppm, and the platinum being employed at a level of from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm, e.g., from 0.1 to 0.5ppm, e.g., 0.15 ppm, for typical operations. The tests below, run at these levels show surprising results in terms of engine out emissions.
- a preferred ratio of cerium and/or iron to platinum is from 100,000:1 to 3:1, e.g., in the range of from 100:1 to 20,000:1, but more typically will be from 50,000:1 to 500:1.
- a preferred ratio within the above ranges and shown surprisingly effective by testing will have a ratio of cerium and/or iron to platinum at from 75:1 to 10:1.
- a formulation using 0.15 ppm platinum with 10 ppm of cerium and 5 ppm of iron is exemplary.
- Another, preferred formulation will contain 0.15 ppm platinum and 7.5 ppm cerium.
- Another advantage of low levels of catalyst (about 3 to 15 ppm total), preferably below 12 ppm and more preferably below 8 ppm, is the reduction in ultra fine particles resulting from metal oxide emissions.
- a cerium FBC used at 30 ppm in fuel represents a metal catalyst input loading to the engine of 6000 ⁇ g/hp-hr of metal or roughly 6% of untreated engine emissions. Therefore, low levels of catalyst used in the present invention of less than 8 ppm and preferably 4 ppm as a bimetallic or trimetallic FBC will, for example, contribute only 800 - 1600 ⁇ g/hp-hr of catalyst loading to the engine or 0.8 - 1.6% of baseline soot emissions. This has the advantage of reduced metal ash emissions and reduces the contribution of the FBC to overall particulate mass emissions or loading of metal ash to downstream emission control devices.
- the fuel can contain detergent (e.g., 50-300 ppm), lubricity additive (e.g., 25 to about 500 ppm), other additives, and suitable fuel-soluble catalyst metal compositions, e.g., 0.1-2 ppm fuel soluble platinum group metal composition, e.g., platinum COD or platinum acetylacetonate and/or 2-20 ppm fuel soluble cerium or iron composition, e.g., cerium as a soluble compound or suspension, cerium octoate, ferrocene, iron oleate, iron octoate and the like.
- the fuel as defined, is combusted without the specific need for other treatment devices although they can be used especially for higher levels of control on diesels.
- a combination of platinum with iron and/or cerium at low concentrations in fuels is as effective as much higher concentrations of cerium, iron or other metals without platinum in reducing carbon or soot deposits or emissions. Concentrations of a few ppm metals in combination are as effective as 30-100 ppm of iron and/or cerium used alone.
- the process of the invention will comprise: mixing with fuel or combustion air a multi-component combustion catalyst comprising a platinum composition and cerium and/or iron compositions at levels reduced to as low as 0.0005 ppm for platinum and levels as low as 0.5 ppm for the cerium and iron; and combusting fuel with air in the presence of the catalyst in a regimen of treatment that will utilize effective catalyst levels for a time and under conditions, which will achieve one or more of the noted improvements.
- low catalyst levels can be employed for at least a portion of a treatment regimen, which can also include employing a higher initial dose and/or intermittently using higher catalyst levels.
- the invention also has significant beneficial use in the area of dual-fuel diesel engines, which although they operate principally on natural gas, utilize a more smoke- producing pilot fuel such as regular diesel fuel.
- the catalyst concentrations according to the invention can be the above-noted low catalyst levels for at least a part of a treatment regimen, with platinum concentrations of from only 0.0005 to less than 0.15, e.g., less than 0.1, ppm and cerium and/or iron at total concentrations of from only 0.5 to less than 8 ppm. In some cases, it will be useful to utilize less than 0.05 ppm platinum and a total catalyst level of less than 5 ppm.
- cerium III acetylacetonate cerium III napthenate, and cerium octoate, cerium oleate and other soaps such as stearate, neodecanoate, and other C 6 to C 24 alkanoic acids, and the like.
- the cerium is preferred at concentrations of 1 to 15 ppm cerium w/v of fuel, e.g., 4 to 15 ppm.
- the cerium is supplied as cerium hydroxy oleate propionate complex (40% cerium by weight) or a cerium octoate (12% cerium by weight). Preferred levels are toward the lower end of this range.
- iron compounds include ferrocene, ferric and ferrous acetyl- acetonates, iron soaps like octoate and stearate (commercially available as Fe(III) compounds, usually), iron napthenate, iron tallate and other C 6 to C 24 alcanoic acids, iron penta carbonyl Fe(CO) 5 and the like.
- platinum group metal compositions e.g., 1,5-cyclooctadiene platinum diphenyl (platinum COD), described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,891,050 to Bowers, et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,020 to Epperly, et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,083 to Peter-Hoblyn, et al., can be employed as the platinum source.
- platinum COD 1,5-cyclooctadiene platinum diphenyl
- platinum group metal catalyst compositions include commercially-available or easily-synthesized platinum group metal acetylacetonates, including substituted (e.g., alkyl, aryl, alkyaryl substituted) and unsubstituted acetylacetonates, platinum group metal dibenzylidene acetonates, and fatty acid soaps of tetramine platinum metal complexes, e.g., tetramine platinum oleate.
- the platinum is preferred at concentrations of 0.05-2.0 ppm platinum w/v (mg per liter) of fuel, e.g., up to about 1.0 ppm.
- Preferred levels are toward the lower end of this range, e.g., 0.15-0.5 ppm.
- Platinum COD is the preferred form of platinum for addition to the fuel.
- the cerium or iron are typically employed at concentrations to provide from 0.5 to 25 ppm of the metal and the platinum from 0.0005 to 2 ppm, with preferred levels of cerium or iron being from 5 to 10 ppm, e.g., 7.5 ppm, and the platinum being employed at a level of from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm, e.g., 0.15 ppm.
- a preferred ratio of cerium and/or iron to platinum is from 100,000:1 to 10:1, e.g., from 50,000:1 to 500:1.
- a formulation using 0.0015 ppm platinum with 10 ppm of cerium and 5 ppm of iron is exemplary, with a ratio of cerium plus iron to platinum of about 10,000:1.
- An alternative exemplary composition will contain 0.0015 ppm platinum with 10 ppm of iron and 5 ppm of cerium.
- Another will contain from 3 to 10 ppm of a combination of Ce and Fe along with 0.1 to 0.5 ppm platinum.
- Another fuel of preference will contain from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm platinum and the levels of cerium and/or iron of from 0.5 to 10 ppm, especially wherein the cerium and/or iron are present at total concentrations of from 3 to 8 ppm.
- the combustion according to the invention can be of an emulsion with water, wherein an oil phase is emulsified with water, the water comprising from 1 to 30% water based on the weight of the diesel fuel.
- the emulsion will be predominantly of the water-in-oil type and will preferably contain surfactants, lubricity additives and/or corrosion inhibitors in addition to the other components mentioned above.
- surfactants lubricity additives and/or corrosion inhibitors in addition to the other components mentioned above.
- suitable emulsion forms and additives is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,743,922.
- Combustion can improve combustion efficiency and reduce particulates without the use of oxidation catalysts or particulate filters for enhanced emissions control on diesel engines. Also, better carbon burn out in open flame combustion sources will lead to lower carbon deposits on heat transfer surfaces and lower soot oxidation temperatures on downstream heat recovery devices.
- the fuels of the invention comprising a base fuel and low levels of fuel borne catalysts based on platinum and cerium and/or iron compounds, provide better engine out emissions than the prior art, yet further provide unexpectedly good results in terms of PM, HC, CO, NO x and NO 2 as a percentage of NO x when used with an after treatment device such as a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) or diesel particulate filter (DPF).
- DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
- DPF diesel particulate filter
- Other devices including particulate reactors, partial filters or NO x adsorbers can also be used and benefit from reduced engine out emissions of the current invention.
- diesel particulate filter is meant to refer to those devices known in the art as exhaust gas filters that reduce particulate emissions by trapping a portion of the particulates within a complex internal structure. They must be regenerated or replaced as deposits will accumulate. They can be of any suitable construction, for example of ceramic, metal, SiC or wire mesh.
- diesel oxidation catalyst is meant to refer to those devices known in the art as exhaust gas treatment catalysts that reduce particulate, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions by causing contact with catalyzed surfaces in lieu of trapping particulates as done in the diesel particulate filters. See the examples below, for the engine out results and the benefits of the FBC with catalyzed after treatment devices to reduce NO 2 and particulate emissions.
- N02 is a strong lung irritant and can be generated in large quantities by traditional use of heavily catalyzed aftertreatment devices such as DOCs, DPFs or combinations.
- This example describes the preparation of a low-emissions diesel fuel according to a preferred aspect of the invention a fuel is blended using the Colonial Pipeline Company fungible aviation kerosene grade 55 analyzed above (Jet A, and similar in boiling and viscosity to No. 1 Diesel), with additives (100 ppm of the TFA 4690-C detergent, 225 ppm of the noted Texaco lubricity additive) and a fuel borne catalyst (FBC) containing 0.15 ppm platinum supplied as platinum COD and 7.5 ppm cerium supplied as cerium hydroxy oleate propionate complex (solution containing 40% cerium by weight).
- FBC fuel borne catalyst
- ppm values are, again weight of metal in mg per volume of fuel in liters
- the fuel was used in a test of a 1998 DDC Detroit Diesel Series 60, 400 hp engine and showed remarkably improved results as compared to a reference on highway No 2 or a CARB ULSD (California Air Resources Board Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel) fuel.
- Test data is summarized in the following table, wherein the test results of the FTP transient— composite results are given for the various fuels tested.
- This transient cycle is described by means of percent of maximum torque and percent of rated speed for each one-second interval over a test cycle of 1199 second duration.
- the first five minutes of the cycle is designated as the New York Non-Freeway (NYNF) portion of the test and represents city operation with extensive idle time.
- the second five minutes is called the Los Angeles Non Freeway (LANF) portion.
- This part of the test also represents city operation, but without extensive idle time.
- the third five minute section of the test is called the Los Angeles Freeway (LAF) portion. This is representative of high speed freeway operation.
- the final five minutes is a repeat of the NYNF portion.
- Results are presented graphically for reduction in emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulates (PM) for each fuel tested relative to emissions from a standard No. 2 on-highway reference fuel containing 386ppm sulfur.
- Additive A delivered 0.15/4/4 ppm Pt/Ce/Fe; Additive B delivered 0.15 ppm/7.5 ppm Pt/Ce; and Additive C delivered 0.15/5.6/2:4 ppm Pt/Ce/Fe. All additives contained the same commercial detergent package to assist with stability of the catalyst. Results show similar reductions for all three additives in HC, CO, NOx and NO 2 . Particulate reductions for bimetallic Additive B appear slightly better at 32% versus baseline No. 2D while Additives A and C both delivered PM reduction of 25%. In all cases the blend of additive with the ULSD provided unexpectedly good reduction in NOx and NO 2 . [0068] In certain applications the use of a trimetallic may present cost advantages versus a bimetallic or may be preferred for use in regeneration of exhaust aftertreatment devices such as DOCs, DPFs, wire mesh filters or combined systems.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06718828A EP1846540A4 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst |
MX2007008818A MX2007008818A (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst. |
AU2006206468A AU2006206468A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst |
JP2007552249A JP5020830B2 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Low emission combustion using multi-component metal combustion catalysts |
BRPI0606586-4A BRPI0606586A2 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | low emission combustion using multi-component metal combustion catalyst |
CN2006800086843A CN101160379B (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst |
CA002595315A CA2595315A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst |
NO20074181A NO20074181L (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2007-08-14 | Combustion with reduced emission using a multi-component metallic combustion catalyst |
HK08110458.6A HK1114875A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2008-09-22 | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/038,371 US20050188605A1 (en) | 2000-08-01 | 2005-01-19 | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst |
US11/038,371 | 2005-01-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006078764A2 true WO2006078764A2 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
WO2006078764A3 WO2006078764A3 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
Family
ID=36692839
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/001815 WO2006078764A2 (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050188605A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1846540A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5020830B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101077015B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101160379B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006206468A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0606586A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2595315A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1114875A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007008818A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20074181L (en) |
RU (1) | RU2007129120A (en) |
SG (1) | SG143272A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006078764A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200706580B (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MY157988A (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2016-08-30 | Malaysian Palm Oil Board Mpob | Aviation fuel composition |
US9932945B2 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2018-04-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions |
EP2650042B2 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2020-09-02 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Pollutant abatement system for gasoline vehicles |
SG10201700490YA (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2017-03-30 | Efficient Fuel Solutions Llc | Body of Molecular Sized Fuel Additive |
US9511350B2 (en) | 2013-05-10 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | ZPGM Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and methods of making and using same |
US9511355B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | System and methods for using synergized PGM as a three-way catalyst |
US20140274662A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Cdti | Systems and Methods for Variations of ZPGM Oxidation Catalysts Compositions |
US9771534B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2017-09-26 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. (Cdti) | Diesel exhaust treatment systems and methods |
US9545626B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2017-01-17 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Optimization of Zero-PGM washcoat and overcoat loadings on metallic substrate |
US9511358B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2016-12-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Spinel compositions and applications thereof |
US9579604B2 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2017-02-28 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Base metal activated rhodium coatings for catalysts in three-way catalyst (TWC) applications |
US9731279B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2017-08-15 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Thermal stability of copper-manganese spinel as Zero PGM catalyst for TWC application |
US9700841B2 (en) | 2015-03-13 | 2017-07-11 | Byd Company Limited | Synergized PGM close-coupled catalysts for TWC applications |
US9951706B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2018-04-24 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Calibration strategies to improve spinel mixed metal oxides catalytic converters |
US10533472B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 | 2020-01-14 | Cdti Advanced Materials, Inc. | Application of synergized-PGM with ultra-low PGM loadings as close-coupled three-way catalysts for internal combustion engines |
US9861964B1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2018-01-09 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Enhanced catalytic activity at the stoichiometric condition of zero-PGM catalysts for TWC applications |
US10265684B2 (en) | 2017-05-04 | 2019-04-23 | Cdti Advanced Materials, Inc. | Highly active and thermally stable coated gasoline particulate filters |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2086775A (en) | 1936-07-13 | 1937-07-13 | Leo Corp | Method of operating an internal combustion engine |
US2151432A (en) | 1937-07-03 | 1939-03-21 | Leo Corp | Method of operating internal combustion engines |
US2402427A (en) | 1942-12-22 | 1946-06-18 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Method of treating diesel fuels |
US5501714A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1996-03-26 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Operation of diesel engines with reduced particulate emission by utilization of platinum group metal fuel additive and pass-through catalytic oxidizer |
US5266083A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1993-11-30 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Method for reducing pollution emissions from a diesel engine |
US5807413A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-09-15 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synthetic diesel fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions |
JP3744672B2 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 2006-02-15 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Gas oil composition for reducing particulates |
WO2001085876A1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-15 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Low-emissions diesel fuel |
GB2381534B (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2004-08-18 | Clean Diesel Tech Inc | Low-Emissions Diesel Fuel Blend |
WO2002026918A1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-04 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Low-emissions diesel fuel emulsions |
JP2004035882A (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-02-05 | Infineum Internatl Ltd | Perbasic metal salt diesel fuel additive composition improving particulate substance trap |
GB0301599D0 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2003-02-26 | Oxonica Ltd | Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives |
-
2005
- 2005-01-19 US US11/038,371 patent/US20050188605A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-01-19 BR BRPI0606586-4A patent/BRPI0606586A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-19 JP JP2007552249A patent/JP5020830B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-19 EP EP06718828A patent/EP1846540A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-01-19 RU RU2007129120/04A patent/RU2007129120A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-19 CN CN2006800086843A patent/CN101160379B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-01-19 AU AU2006206468A patent/AU2006206468A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-19 CA CA002595315A patent/CA2595315A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-19 KR KR1020077018828A patent/KR101077015B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-19 WO PCT/US2006/001815 patent/WO2006078764A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-01-19 SG SG200803902-6A patent/SG143272A1/en unknown
- 2006-01-19 MX MX2007008818A patent/MX2007008818A/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-08-07 ZA ZA200706580A patent/ZA200706580B/en unknown
- 2007-08-14 NO NO20074181A patent/NO20074181L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2008
- 2008-09-22 HK HK08110458.6A patent/HK1114875A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of EP1846540A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2595315A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
KR20070094861A (en) | 2007-09-21 |
WO2006078764A3 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
NO20074181L (en) | 2007-10-12 |
EP1846540A2 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
EP1846540A4 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
AU2006206468A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
HK1114875A1 (en) | 2008-11-14 |
RU2007129120A (en) | 2009-02-27 |
CN101160379B (en) | 2012-05-02 |
JP5020830B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
CN101160379A (en) | 2008-04-09 |
US20050188605A1 (en) | 2005-09-01 |
KR101077015B1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
MX2007008818A (en) | 2007-09-27 |
ZA200706580B (en) | 2008-06-25 |
JP2008526510A (en) | 2008-07-24 |
SG143272A1 (en) | 2008-06-27 |
BRPI0606586A2 (en) | 2009-07-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20050188605A1 (en) | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst | |
CA2417656C (en) | Low-emissions diesel fuel blend | |
RU2360950C2 (en) | Completely burning diesel fuel | |
KR101010104B1 (en) | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst and lightly catalyzed diesel oxidation catalyst | |
EP1856383B1 (en) | Reduced-emissions combustion | |
CA2476311C (en) | Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst | |
US7063729B2 (en) | Low-emissions diesel fuel | |
CA2408907A1 (en) | Low-emissions diesel fuel | |
JP2004162697A (en) | Emission control system for diesel fuel combustion after treatment system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200680008684.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2595315 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: MX/a/2007/008818 Country of ref document: MX Ref document number: 2007552249 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006206468 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006718828 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007/06580 Country of ref document: ZA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2901/KOLNP/2007 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 07084876 Country of ref document: CO Ref document number: 1020077018828 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007129120 Country of ref document: RU |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006206468 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20060119 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0606586 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 |