WO2006064838A1 - 高速変換可能なストリームを記録した情報記録媒体並びにその記録装置及び記録方法 - Google Patents
高速変換可能なストリームを記録した情報記録媒体並びにその記録装置及び記録方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006064838A1 WO2006064838A1 PCT/JP2005/022945 JP2005022945W WO2006064838A1 WO 2006064838 A1 WO2006064838 A1 WO 2006064838A1 JP 2005022945 W JP2005022945 W JP 2005022945W WO 2006064838 A1 WO2006064838 A1 WO 2006064838A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
- H04N9/80—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
- H04N9/804—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components
- H04N9/8042—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components involving data reduction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/12—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers
- G11B20/1262—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers with more than one format/standard, e.g. conversion from CD-audio format to R-DAT format
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/02—Editing, e.g. varying the order of information signals recorded on, or reproduced from, record carriers
- G11B27/031—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals
- G11B27/034—Electronic editing of digitised analogue information signals, e.g. audio or video signals on discs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/102—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers
- G11B27/105—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers of operating discs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
- G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
- G11B27/30—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on the same track as the main recording
- G11B27/3027—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on the same track as the main recording used signal is digitally coded
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
- G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
- G11B27/32—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier
- G11B27/327—Table of contents
- G11B27/329—Table of contents on a disc [VTOC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/21—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is of read-only, rewritable, or recordable type
- G11B2220/215—Recordable discs
- G11B2220/216—Rewritable discs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
- G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
- G11B2220/2562—DVDs [digital versatile discs]; Digital video discs; MMCDs; HDCDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
- G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
- G11B2220/2562—DVDs [digital versatile discs]; Digital video discs; MMCDs; HDCDs
- G11B2220/2575—DVD-RAMs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
- G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
- G11B2220/2583—Optical discs wherein two standards are used on a single disc, e.g. one DVD section and one CD section
Definitions
- Information recording medium on which high-speed convertible stream is recorded its recording apparatus and recording method
- the present invention is an information recording medium that can be recorded and reproduced, and is an information recording medium on which multimedia data including data in various formats such as moving images, still images, audio, and data broadcasting is recorded.
- the present invention relates to an information recording medium for recording data in a limited format that enables high-speed conversion of multimedia data into a format different from the recorded format.
- the present invention also relates to an apparatus and method for recording information on such an information recording medium.
- phase change disk DVD-RAM having a capacity of several GB has appeared.
- MPEG MPEG2
- AV audio video
- MPEG-TS MPEG transport stream
- BD standard Blu-ray Disc standard
- Next-generation digital broadcast recorders (Blu-ray Disc recorders) conforming to the BD standard are mainly adapted to the form of digital broadcasting, and the MPEG-TS that has been broadcast is not converted and is converted as it is. Record in format.
- the next-generation digital broadcast recorder also records the AV stream in the MP EG-TS format even when AV data from an external input is self-recorded. This is to prevent both the MPEG program stream (hereinafter referred to as “MPEG_PS”) and MPEG-TS from being handled in the recorder. is there.
- MPEG-PS format for AV stream recording.
- MPEG-TS format such as the next-generation digital broadcast compatible recorder
- MPEG-TS format to MPEG-PS format Conversion hereinafter referred to as “TS2PS conversion”.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-228922
- Patent Document 2 US Pat. No. 5,923,869
- Patent Document 3 US Patent Application Publication 2002—0090197
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to limit the MPEG-TS that can convert the content recorded in the MP EG-TS format into the MPEG-PS format.
- An information recording medium for recording an AV stream in a format is to provide an information recording medium that enables format conversion to a seamlessly connected stream while maintaining a seamless playback function.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for recording data on such an information recording medium. Means for solving the problem
- an information recording medium on which video information and audio information encoded in a system stream are recorded together with management information thereof.
- the system stream is allowed to have the first format (TS) and the second format (PS).
- the first format (TS) has a bucket structure that stores data divided into packets
- the second format (PS) has a pack structure that stores data divided into packs.
- the first format (TS) allows a restricted format to convert the system stream from the first format (TS) to the second format (PS).
- a predetermined number of packets are grouped and managed as a multiplexing unit corresponding to the pack of the second format, and further, in a data management unit (Capsule) including a plurality of multiplexing units.
- System stream is managed.
- the information recording medium is a stream for seamlessly connecting the first system stream, the second system stream, the first system stream, and the second system stream, the seamlessly connected system stream.
- the management information includes information indicating whether or not the recording format of the first and second system streams is a restricted format and each system stream included in the third system stream. Information indicating that the encoding was performed under the same encoding condition as that of the original system stream.
- an information recording apparatus that encodes video information and audio information into a system stream and records the information together with the management information on an information recording medium.
- 1 format (TS) and 2nd format (PS) are allowed.
- the 1st format (TS) has a packet structure for storing data divided into packets, and the 2nd format (PS) Has a pack structure in which data is divided and stored in packs.
- the first format (TS) allows a restricted format to convert the system stream from the first format (TS) force to the second format (PS).
- a predetermined number of the packets are grouped together to form a second format. It is managed as a multiplexing unit corresponding to a pack of one mat, and the system stream is managed in a data management unit (Capsule) including a plurality of multiplexing units.
- Capsule data management unit
- the information recording apparatus includes: a first encoding unit configured to perform a predetermined encoding process on the video information and the audio information based on the first format (TS) to generate a video elementary stream and an audio elementary stream; A second encoding means for performing system encoding to multiplex a video elementary stream and an audio elementary stream to generate a system stream based on the first format (TS); and the first and second encodings Control means for controlling the means.
- a first encoding unit configured to perform a predetermined encoding process on the video information and the audio information based on the first format (TS) to generate a video elementary stream and an audio elementary stream
- a second encoding means for performing system encoding to multiplex a video elementary stream and an audio elementary stream to generate a system stream based on the first format (TS)
- the first and second encodings Control means for controlling the means.
- the control means includes a third system stream (Bridge_V0B) configured by a partial force of each of the first and second system streams. )
- the control means provides, as management information, information indicating whether or not the recording format of the first and second system streams is a restricted format, and each of the information included in the third system stream.
- the first and second encoding means are controlled so as to generate information (encode_condition) indicating that the system stream is encoded with the same encoding condition as those of the original system stream.
- a method for recording video information and audio information encoded in a system stream together with management information thereof on an information recording medium is allowed to have a first format (TS) and a second format (PS).
- the first format (TS) has a packet structure in which data is divided into packets and stored.
- the format (PS) 2 has a pack structure in which data is divided and stored in packs.
- the first format (TS) allows a limited format to convert the system stream to the first format (TS) power and the second format (PS).
- a predetermined number of packets are grouped and managed as a multiplexing unit corresponding to the pack of the second format, and further, the system is a data management unit (Capsule) including a plurality of multiplexing units. Streams are managed.
- Capsule data management unit
- the information recording method is based on the first format (TS) and performs predetermined encoding processing on the video information and the audio information so that the video elementary stream and the audio elementary list are recorded. Based on the first format (TS) to generate a system stream by multiplexing the video elementary stream and the audio elementary stream.
- TS first format
- a third system stream (Bridge-VOB) composed of a part of each of the first and second system streams
- information indicating whether the recording format of the first and second system streams is a restricted format and each system stream included in the third system stream are Information (encode_condition) indicating that the encoding is performed under the same encoding condition as those of the original system stream is generated.
- a computer-readable program for causing a computer to execute the above information recording method.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of an external appearance of a DVD recorder device and an interface with related devices.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a drive device of a DVD recorder.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the structure of a self-recording stream
- FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining an MPEG-TS encoding method that can be easily converted into MPEG-PS.
- Block diagram showing the encoder of the information recording apparatus of the present invention [Figure 34] Diagram explaining differences in processing when converting from self-encoding MPEG-TS to DVD format due to differences in system encoding methods
- FIG.45 Diagram showing an example of MPEG-TS self-encoded so as not to satisfy the T-STD model
- FIG.53 Diagram showing the structure of NV—PCK DSI data
- FIG. 58 is a flowchart of TS packet (RD_PCK) conversion processing.
- FIG. 59 is a flowchart of TS packet (V_PCK :, A_PCK) conversion processing.
- FIG. 60 is a diagram for explaining a part of the pack header data structure of an MPEG2_PS pack.
- FIG.63 A diagram illustrating part of the data structure of the packet header of an MPEG2_PS packet.
- FIG.64 Structure of the DVD format AC-3 standard private header.
- FIG.67 A diagram showing the correspondence between the bit rate of each audio allowed by Constrained SESF and the maximum payload length stored in one audio PES packet when AC-3 and MPEG1 Audio are stored
- FIG. 69 Flow chart of initialization processing of TS2PS conversion processing
- FIG. 70 Flow chart of capsule unit processing of TS2PS conversion processing
- FIG. 73 is a flowchart of pack header processing.
- FIG. 74 is a flowchart of packet header processing.
- FIG.78 Audio PES packet head processing flowchart
- FIG.79 Flow chart of audio PES packet non-head processing
- FIG. 81 is a flowchart of padding packet processing.
- FIG.85 An illustration of an efficient multiplexing method using plexing units aligned with PES packets including audio.
- FIG.86 An illustration of an efficient multiplexing method using Multiplexing Units aligned with PES packets containing one picture
- FIG.103 (a) Diagram explaining the relationship between seamlessly connected VB and Bridge_VOB, (b) Diagram explaining the relationship between each value of encode_condition and VOB
- DVD format conversion from an MPEG transport stream (MPEG-TS) to an MPEG program stream (MPEG-PS) is referred to as “TS2PS conversion”.
- MPEG-TS MPEG transport stream
- MPEG-PS MPEG program stream
- DVD-Video standard format and DVD-Video Recording standard format which are MPEG-PS formats, are collectively referred to as "DVD format”.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of the external appearance of a DVD recorder device and an interface between related devices.
- the DVD recorder is loaded with a DVD, which is an optical disk, and records and reproduces video information.
- the operation is generally performed with a remote controller.
- Video information input to a DVD recorder includes both analog and digital signals.
- analog broadcasting as analog signals and digital broadcasting as digital signals.
- analog broadcasting is received and demodulated by a receiver built in the television device and input to a DVD recorder as an analog video signal such as NTSC.
- Digital broadcasting is a receiver STB (Set Top Box). ) Is demodulated into a digital signal and input to a DVD recorder for recording.
- a DVD disc on which video information is recorded is reproduced by a DVD recorder and output to the outside. Similar to the input, both the analog and digital signals are output. If the signal is an analog signal, it is input directly to the television device. If the signal is a digital signal, it is converted to an analog signal via the STB and then converted to an analog signal. The video is displayed on the television device.
- video information is recorded on and reproduced from a DVD disc by a DVD camcorder other than a DVD recorder or a personal computer. Even if a DVD disc contains video information outside the DVD recorder, the DVD recorder will play it back if it is loaded in the DVD recorder.
- audio information is usually attached to the video information of the analog broadcast and digital broadcast described above.
- the accompanying audio information is also recorded and reproduced by a DVD recorder.
- video information is generally a power still image that is a moving image. This is the case, for example, when still images are recorded with the photo function of a DVD camcorder.
- the digital interface between the STB and the DVD recorder can be IEEE1394, ATAPI, SCSI, or the like.
- NTSC which is a composite video signal
- a component signal that individually transmits a luminance signal and a color difference signal may be used.
- video transmission I / F between AV equipment and television equipment is being researched and developed to replace analog I / F with digital I / F, for example, DVI.
- I / F connections are also expected.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing functions of the DVD recorder device.
- the drive unit is an optical pickup 101 that reads data from a DVD —RAM disk 100, ECC (Error Correc ting Code) processing unit 102, track buffer 103, switch 104 for switching the input / output of 103 to the track buffer, encoder unit 105, and decoder unit 106.
- ECC Error Correc ting Code
- the DVD recorder device may include a semiconductor memory card or a hard disk drive device as a data storage medium in addition to the DVD disk.
- Figure 4 shows a block diagram of a DVD recorder with a semiconductor memory device and a hard disk drive.
- One sector may be 512B, or 8KB or the like.
- ECC blocks can be 1 sector, 16 sectors, 32 sectors, etc. As the information capacity that can be recorded increases, the sector size and the number of sectors that make up the ECC block are expected to increase.
- the track buffer 103 is a buffer for recording AV data at a variable bit rate (VBR) in order to record AV data on the DVD-RAM disk 100 more efficiently.
- VBR variable bit rate
- D VD Because the read / write rate (Va) to RAM100 is a fixed rate, the bit rate (Vb) of AV data changes according to the complexity of its contents (image if video). This is a buffer for absorbing this bit rate difference.
- AV data can be discretely arranged on the disc 100. This will be explained with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows the address space on the disk.
- Fig. 3 (a) when AV data is recorded separately in [al, a2] continuous area and [a3, a4] continuous area, while seeking from a2 to a3, The AV data can be continuously reproduced by supplying the data stored in the track buffer to the decoder unit 106.
- Figure 3 (b) shows the state at this time.
- AV data that has been read out at position al is input to the track buffer 103 from time tl, and data output from the track buffer 103 is started.
- data is accumulated in the track buffer by the rate difference (V a – Vb) between the input rate (Va) to the track buffer and the output rate (Vb) from the track buffer.
- V a – Vb rate difference between the input rate (Va) to the track buffer
- Vb output rate
- N_ecc The size of the continuous area in which AV data can be continuously supplied is expressed by the following equation when converted into the number of ECC blocks (N_ecc).
- N_sec is the number of sectors that make up the ECC block
- S_size is the sector size
- Tj is the seek performance (maximum seek time).
- N_ecc Vb * Tj / ((N_sec * 8 * S_size) * (l_Vb / Va))
- a defective sector may occur in the continuous area.
- the continuous region is given by the following equation.
- dN_ecc is the size of the defective sector to accept
- Ts is the time required to skip the defective sector in the continuous area. This size is also expressed in ECC blocks.
- N— ecc dN— ecc + Vb * Tj / ((N— sec * 8 * S—size) * (l— Vb / Va))
- DVD-RAM can perform continuous playback / recording even if AV data is distributedly recorded on a disc as long as a certain amount or more of data is continuously recorded.
- this continuous area is called CDA.
- Figures 5 (a) and 5 (b) show the appearance and physical structure of a DVD-RAM disk, which is a recordable optical disk.
- DVD-RAM is generally loaded into a DVD recorder in a cartridge. The purpose is to protect the recording surface. However, if the recording surface is protected in a different configuration or is acceptable, it is of course possible that the recording surface can be directly loaded into the DVD recorder without being stored in the cartridge.
- DVD—RAM discs record data by the phase change method.
- the recorded data on the disc is managed in units of sectors and accompanied with an access address. 16 sectors are incorrect It becomes a unit of correction, is given an error correction code, and is called ECC block.
- FIG. 5 (a) shows a recording area of a DVD-RAM disc, which is a recordable optical disc.
- the DVD-RAM disc has a lead-in area on the innermost periphery, a lead-out area on the outermost periphery, and a data area between them.
- the lead-in area the reference signal necessary to stabilize the servo when accessing the optical pickup and the identification signal for other media are recorded.
- the lead-out area records the same reference signal as the lead-in area.
- the data area is divided into sectors (2048 bytes) which are the minimum access unit.
- DVD-RAM has a data area divided into a plurality of zone areas in order to realize rotation control called Z_CLV (Zone Constant Linear Velocity) during recording and playback.
- Z_CLV Zero Constant Linear Velocity
- FIG. 5 (a) is a diagram showing a plurality of zone areas provided concentrically on the DVD-RAM. As shown in the figure, DVD-RAM is divided into 24 zone areas, zone 0 to zone 23. The rotation speed of DVD-RAM is set for each zone area so that the inner zone is faster, and is kept constant while the optical pickup accesses within one zone. This increases the recording density of DVD-RAM and facilitates rotation control during recording and playback.
- FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram in which the lead-in region, the lead-out region, and the zone regions 0 to 23 shown concentrically in FIG. 5A are arranged in the horizontal direction.
- the lead-in area and lead-out area have a defect management area (DMA).
- the defect management area is recorded with position information indicating the position of the sector where the defect has occurred, and replacement position information indicating the force in which the sector that replaces the defective sector exists in the replacement area. Let's check the area.
- Each zone area has a user area inside thereof, and also has an alternative area and an unused area at the boundary.
- the user area is an area that the file system can use as a recording area.
- the replacement area is an area used as a replacement when a defective sector exists.
- the unused area is an area that is not used for data recording. Unused areas will be provided for about two tracks. The unused area is provided because the sector address is recorded at the same position on the adjacent track in the zone. This is to prevent sector address misidentification due to different sector address recording positions in tracks adjacent to the boundary.
- DVD-RAM assigns logical sector numbers (LSNs) to physical sectors in the user area in order from the internal power, so that only the sectors used for data recording are shown continuously.
- LSNs logical sector numbers
- FIG. 6 shows a logical data space of DVD-RAM configured by logical sectors.
- the logical data space is called a volume space and records user data.
- the volume area manages recording data with a file system.
- volume structure information that manages a group of sectors for storing data as a file and a group of files as a directory is recorded at the beginning and end of the volume area.
- the file system in this form is called UDF and is compliant with the ISO 13346 standard.
- the file system manages a group of sectors that are continuously arranged in the volume space as an extent, and manages a file as a set of related extents.
- FIG. 7 shows the structure of directories and files recorded in the DVD-RAM. Below the root is a VIDEO-RT directory, and below this, various object files that are data for reproduction, and VIDEO Manager files are stored as management information indicating their reproduction order and various attributes.
- the object is data conforming to the MPEG standard.
- PS V ⁇ B
- TS1 VOB
- T S2_V ⁇ B A ⁇ B
- POB POB
- MNF Manufacturer's Priv
- PS_VOB, A0B, and POB are MPEG program streams (PS), and TS1_V0B and TS2_V0B are transport streams (TS).
- the program stream has a data structure that allows for storing AV information in a package medium, while the transport stream has a data structure that allows for communication media.
- PS VOB, TSl VOB, and TS2 V0B all share both video information and audio information. It is an object that mainly has video information.
- TS1-VOB is an object that is encoded by Harajiki IJ and a DVD recorder, and the internal picture structure is managed in detail.
- TS2-VOB is an object encoded outside the DVD recorder. An object whose data structure such as an internal picture structure is partially unknown.
- TSl_VOB is an object in which an analog video signal input from the outside is encoded into a transport stream by a DVD recorder, and TS2_V0B encodes a digital video signal input from the outside. It is an object recorded directly on the disc without any problems. In other words, when a DVD recorder records a digital broadcast, it is generally TS2_VOB.
- A0B and P0B are MPEG program streams
- A0B is an object mainly composed of audio information
- P0B is an object mainly composed of a still image.
- MNF Manufacturing's Private Data
- MNF Manufacturing's Private Data
- VOB is used for applications such as movies
- AOB is used for music applications.
- FIG. 8 shows the structure of MPEG data recorded as various AV objects on a DVD disc.
- the video stream and the audio stream are each divided and multiplexed.
- the multiplexed stream is called a system stream.
- a system stream in which DVD-specific information is set is called a VOB (Video Object).
- the unit of division is called a pack'packet and has a data amount of about 2KByte.
- the video stream is encoded according to the MPEG standard, compressed at a variable bit rate, and the bit rate is high for complex video such as intense motion.
- each picture in a video is encoded by being classified into an I picture, a P picture, and a B picture.
- I pictures are subjected to spatial compression coding that is completed within a frame.
- the P picture and B picture are temporally compressed and encoded using the correlation between frames.
- a section including at least an I picture is managed as a GOP (Group of Pictures). GOP becomes an access point for special playback such as fast-forward playback
- V0BU Video Object Unit
- information for managing the moving image segment is included as header information.
- the system stream described in FIG. 8 includes a program stream (PS) and a transport stream (TS).
- PS program stream
- TS transport stream
- the former has a data structure considering the package media
- the latter has a data structure considering the communication media.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the data structure of the program stream and the transport stream.
- the transport stream transmission and multiplexing unit is composed of fixed-length TS packets.
- the TS packet size is 188B, which is consistent with ATM transmission, which is a communication standard.
- One or more TS packets gather to form a PES packet.
- the PES packet is a concept common to the program stream and the transport stream, and has a common data structure. Packets stored in a program stream pack directly constitute a PES packet, and one or more transport stream TS packets constitute a PES packet.
- the PES packet is the minimum unit of codeh, and video information, Each one-dio information is stored. That is, video information and audio information with different encoding methods are not mixedly stored in one PES packet. However, with the same encoding method, picture boundaries and audio frame boundaries are not guaranteed. As shown in Figure 9, one PES packet can store one frame, or one PES packet can store multiple frames.
- FIGS. 10 (&) to (() and FIGS. 11 (&) to (0) show the individual data structures of the transport stream and the program stream.
- a TS packet is composed of a TS packet header, an application field, and a payload portion.
- the TS packet header stores a PID (Packet Identifier), which identifies various streams such as a video stream or an audio stream to which the TS packet belongs.
- PID Packet Identifier
- PCR Program Clock Reference
- STC standard clock
- DTS Decoding Time Stamp
- PTS Presentation Time Stamp
- a random access display flag is stored in addition to PCR, and the video's audio frame head is stored in the corresponding payload portion by the flag. Whether or not data that can be used as an access point is stored.
- the unit start display flag that indicates the start of the PES packet and the application field that indicates whether or not the application field follows in the header of the TS packet. Control information is also stored. The unit start display flag indicates the start of a new PES packet, and the PID indicates the type and attribute of the stream.
- FIGS. 11 (a) to 11 (c) show the structure of packs constituting a program stream.
- the pack has SCR in the pack header and stream_id in the packet header of the packet to be stored.
- SCR is the PCR of the transport stream, and stream_id is substantially the same as the PID. Since the data structure of the PES packet is the same as that of the transport stream, PTS and DTS are stored in the PES header.
- One of the major differences between a program stream and a transport stream is that multiple programs are allowed in the transport stream. In other words, it is assumed that only one program can be transmitted in the unit of program, but the transport stream is used to transmit multiple programs simultaneously. For this reason, in the transport stream, it is necessary for the playback device to identify one of the video stream and the audio stream constituting the program for each program.
- FIGS. 13 (a) to (c2) show a PAT table and a PMAP table for transmitting the configuration information of the audio stream and video stream constituting the program.
- the PMAP table stores information related to the combination of the video stream and audio stream used for each program
- the PAT table stores information related to the combination of the program and the PMAP table.
- the playback device can detect the video stream and audio stream that make up the program whose output is requested by the PAT table and PMAP table.
- 16 sectors constitute an ECC block.
- PS Pack is arranged at the sector boundary as shown in FIG. 14 (b). This is because the pack size and sector size are both 2KB.
- a video object (TS1—VOB / TS2) that takes the form of a transport stream.
- -VOB is a unit having a size of 8KB and is placed in the ECC block. This 8KB single TS packet with 18B header area and ATS information added to the data area.
- ATS information is information that is generated and added by the DVD recorder, and is information indicating the timing at which the packet is transmitted from the outside to the DVD recorder.
- FIG. 14 (c) there may be an MPEG-TS storage format in which a fixed byte ATS and an MPEG-TS packet are continuously recorded.
- FIGS. 15A, 15B, 16A, and 16B are diagrams showing the data structure of a file called video management information (Video Manager) shown in FIG.
- the video management information includes object information indicating management information such as recording positions of various objects on the disc, and reproduction control information indicating a reproduction order outside the object.
- Figures 15 (a) and 15 (b) show PS—VOB # 1 to PS _V as objects recorded on the disc.
- the PS-VOB information table, the TS1-VOB information table, and the TS2-VOB information table are individually provided according to the types of these objects.
- Each information table contains VOB information for each object.
- Each VOB information includes general information of the corresponding object, attribute information of the object, an access map for converting the playback time of the object into an address on the disk, and management information of the access map. is doing.
- the general information includes the identification information of the corresponding object, the recording time of the object, etc.
- the attribute information includes video stream information (V_ATR) including the coding mode of the video stream and the number of audio streams (AST_Ns). And audio stream information (A_ATR) including the audio stream coding mode.
- the first is to prevent the playback path information from indirectly referring to the recording position of the object on the disc by the sector address, etc., and indirectly referring to the playback time of the object. .
- the recording position of the object may be changed by editing, etc., but the playback path information is This is because when the recording position of an object is directly referred to by a sector address or the like, playback path information to be updated increases.
- the playback path information when referring indirectly by the playback time, it is not necessary to update the playback path information, and only the access map needs to be updated.
- an AV stream generally has two criteria of a time axis and a data (bit string) axis, and there is no perfect correlation between the two criteria.
- the object information has an access map for performing conversion between the time axis and the data (bit string) axis.
- the playback control information includes a user-defined playback path information table, an original playback path information table, and a title search pointer.
- the playback path includes original defined playback path information automatically generated so that the DVD recorder shows all objects recorded during object recording, and the user can freely play back the playback sequence.
- the playback path is collectively called PGC information (Program Chain Information) in DVD
- user-defined playback path information is called U-PGC information
- original playback path information is called O PGC information.
- PGC information and U—PGC information are information that lists cell information, which is information indicating cells that are playback sections of objects, in a table format.
- the playback section of the object indicated by PGC information is called the original cell (OCELL), and the playback section of the object indicated by U-PGC information is called the user cell (U_CELL).
- the cell indicates the object playback section by the playback start time and playback end time of the object, and the playback start time and playback end time are converted into the actual recording position information of the object on the disc by the access map described above.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram specifically explaining the relationship among objects, cells, PGCs, and access maps.
- the original PGC information 50 includes at least one cell information 60, 61, 62, 63.
- Cell information 60 ... specifies the object to be played, and specifies the object type and the playback section of the object.
- the recording order of the cell information in the PGC information 50 indicates the reproduction order when the object specified by each cell is reproduced.
- One cell information 60 includes type information (Type) 60a indicating the type of object specified by the cell information, an object ID (Object ID) 60b which is object identification information, and an object on the time axis. Start time information (Start_PTM) 60c and end time information (End_PTM) 60d in the object on the time axis.
- Type type information
- Object ID object ID
- Start time information Start_PTM
- End_PTM end time information
- the cell information 60 in the PCG information 50 is sequentially read, and the object specified by each cell is reproduced for the reproduction section specified by the cell.
- the access map 80c converts the start time information and the end time information indicated by the cell information into position information on the disk of the object.
- PS_VOB and TS-VOB1 are generated mainly when the DVD recorder encodes the received analog broadcast into an MPEG stream as described in FIG. For this reason, I-picture and various time stamp information is generated by itself, the data structure inside the stream is clear for DVD recorders, and there is no problem in generating map information.
- the TS2-VOB power mainly records the received digital broadcast directly on the disc without being encoded by the DVD recorder.
- the DVD recorder detects an I picture and time stamp as follows for the map information of TS2-VOB recording a stream encoded outside the recorder.
- the I picture is detected by detecting the random access display information in the application field of the TS packet shown in Figs. 12 (a) to 12 (d).
- the time stamp is detected by detecting the PTS in the PES header.
- PCR in the applicable field or ATS which is the arrival timing when the TS packet is transmitted to the DVD recorder, may be used instead.
- the DVD recorder detects the position of the I picture from the information in the system layer, which is the upper layer, without analyzing the data structure of the video layer of the MPEG stream. This is because the load on the system is high because the analysis of the video layer is performed to generate map information.
- the map management information includes map validity information and a self-encoding flag.
- the self-encoding flag indicates that the DVD recorder is an object encoded by itself, the internal picture structure is clear, and the time stamp information of map information and the position information of the I picture are correct.
- the map validity information indicates the presence or absence of a valid access map.
- examples where the system layer cannot be detected include cases where the application field is not set and cases where the digital stream is not an MPEG transport stream. Since digital broadcasting can take place in various countries around the world, it is naturally expected that DVD recorders will record objects that cannot generate maps. For example, if a DVD recorder that assumes Japanese digital broadcasting is used in the United States and US digital broadcasting is recorded, an object that cannot generate a map may be recorded. [0118] However, the DVD recorder can also sequentially play back objects from which no map information is generated from the beginning. In this case, the recorded digital stream can be played back by outputting it to the STB corresponding to the stream via the digital I / F.
- the player temporarily stores the optical pickup 201 that reads data from the optical disc 100, the ECC processing unit 202 that performs error correction of the read data, and the read data after error correction.
- Track buffer 203 to store, PS decoder 205 that plays back program streams such as video objects (PS_VB), TS decoder 206 that plays back transport streams such as digital broadcast objects (TS2_VOB), and audio 'objects Audio decoder 207 for reproducing (AOB), still picture decoder 208 for decoding still image object data (POB), switching means 210 for switching data input to each decoder 205, 206... And a control unit 21 1 for controlling.
- PS_VB video objects
- TS decoder 206 that plays back transport streams
- AOB audio 'objects Audio decoder 207 for reproducing
- still picture decoder 208 for decoding still image object data (POB)
- switching means 210 for switching data input to each decoder 205, 206...
- a control unit 21 1 for controlling.
- Data recorded on the optical disc 100 is read from the optical pickup 201 and stored in the track buffer 203 through the ECC processing unit 202.
- the data stored in the track buffer 203 is input to any of the PS decoder 205, TS decoder 206, audio decoder 207, and still picture decoder 208, and is decoded and output.
- the controller 211 determines the data to be read based on the reproduction sequence indicated by the reproduction path information (PGC) shown in FIG. That is, in the example of FIG. 16, the control unit 21 1 first reproduces the VOB # 1 partial section (CELL # 1) and then plays the VOB # 3 partial section (CELL # 2). Play back and control to play VOB # 2 (CELL # 3) at the end.
- PPC reproduction path information
- control unit 21 1 determines the type of cell to be played, the corresponding object, the playback start time of the object “1”, and the playback end time based on the cell information of the playback path information (PGC) shown in FIG. Can be earned.
- the control unit 211 inputs the data of the object interval specified by the cell information to a suitable decoder. [0124] At this time, the control unit 211 specifies the object to be reproduced by the Object ID of the cell information. Further, the control unit 211 identifies the cell that is the playback section of the identified object by converting the StartPTM and EndPTM of the cell information into the address of the disk information using the corresponding VOB information access map.
- the player of the present embodiment further has a digital interface 204 for supplying the AV stream to the outside.
- a communication means such as IEEE1394 or IEC958. This is especially true for TS2-VOBs that have not been encoded, since there may be no corresponding decoder inside the player, so output directly to the external STB through the digital interface 204 without decoding. Can be played back on that STB.
- the control unit 211 determines whether or not random access reproduction is possible based on the map management information in Fig. 15 (b). If the access point information flag is valid, the access map has I picture position information. Therefore, if there is a request for fast-forward playback or the like from an external device, the control unit 211 can output digital data including an I picture to the external device via the digital I / F. If the time access information flag is valid, time access is possible. Therefore, in response to a time access request from an external device, the control unit 211 outputs digital data including picture data corresponding to the designated playback time to an external device via the digital I / F. Can do.
- the DVD recorder receives a user interface unit 222 that accepts display to the user and requests from the user, a system control unit 212 that manages and controls the entire DVD recorder, and VHF and UHF.
- the decoder 218 includes the first and second decoders shown in FIG.
- the DVD recorder includes a digital interface unit 219, a track buffer 220 for temporarily storing write data, and a drive 221 for writing data to the DVD-RAM 100.
- the digital interface unit 219 is an interface for outputting data to an external device by communication means such as IEEE1394.
- the user interface unit 222 first receives a request from the user.
- the user interface unit 222 transmits a request from the user to the system control unit 212, and the system control unit 212 interprets the request from the user and makes a processing request to each module.
- the system control unit 212 requests reception to the analog broadcast tuner 213 and encoding to the encoder unit 214.
- the encoder unit 214 video-encodes, audio-encodes and system-encodes the AV data sent from the analog broadcast tuner 213 and sends it to the track buffer 220.
- the encoder unit 214 sends the time stamp information included in the head data of the encoded MPEG program stream to the system control unit 212 as the playback start time (PS_VOB_V_S_PTM), and then creates an access map. Information necessary for this is sent to the system control unit 212 in parallel with the encoding process. This value is set in Start_PTM of cell information shown in FIG.
- the time stamp information is generally PTS, but SCR can be used instead.
- the system control unit 212 issues a recording request to the drive 221, and the drive 221
- the data stored in the track buffer 220 is taken out and recorded on the DVD—RAM disk 100.
- the above-mentioned continuous area (CDA) is searched from the recordable area on the disc, and data is recorded in the searched continuous area.
- the recording end is instructed by a stop request from the user.
- the recording stop request from the user is transmitted to the system control unit 212 through the user interface unit 222, and the system control unit 212 issues a stop request to the analog broadcast tuner 213 and the encoder unit 214.
- Encoder 214 stops the encoding process upon receiving an encoding stop request from system control unit 212, and uses the time stamp information included in the end data of the MPEG program stream that was encoded last as the playback end time (PS_VOB_V_E_PTM). The data is sent to the control unit 212. This value is set in End_PTM of cell information shown in FIG. The time stamp information may be replaced with a power SCR that is normally set with a PTS.
- system control unit 212 After the encoding process is completed, system control unit 212 generates PS-VOB VOB information (PS-VOBI) and playback control information shown in Fig. 15 based on the information received from encoder 214.
- PS-VOB VOB information PS-VOBI
- playback control information shown in Fig. 15 based on the information received from encoder 214.
- the generated VOB information includes an access map suitable for the object type and map management information.
- the system control unit 212 sets the map validity information of the map management information to be valid, and turns on the self-encoding flag.
- an original playback path shown in Fig. 16 is generated, in which the object to be recorded is one of the playback targets.
- the generated O—PGC information is added to the original playback path table.
- the original playback path ( ⁇ PGC information) has cell information. “PS_V0B” is set in the cell information type information.
- the system control unit 212 finishes recording the data stored in the track buffer 220 with respect to the drive 221 and outputs the V-B information (PS_V-BI) and playback control information for PS-VOB. Recording is requested, the drive 221 records the remaining data in the track buffer 220 and these pieces of information on the DVD-RAM disk 100, and the recording process ends.
- PS_V-BI V-B information
- the drive 221 records the remaining data in the track buffer 220 and these pieces of information on the DVD-RAM disk 100, and the recording process ends.
- the encoder 214 converts the analog signal into a digital signal and converts it into an MPEG transport stream.
- the encoder needs to encode, and the type information in the cell information is set to “TS1 -vo B”.
- Start—PTM and End—PTM can be PTS or PCR.
- the recording by outside encoding and the operation to record digital broadcasting will be explained in detail below.
- the type of object to be recorded is TS 2-VB.
- the digital broadcast recording request by the user is transmitted to the system control unit 212 through the user interface unit 222.
- the system control unit 212 requests reception to the digital broadcast tuner 215 and data analysis to the analysis unit 216.
- the MPEG transport stream sent from the digital broadcast tuner 215 is transferred to the track buffer 220 through the analysis unit 216.
- the analysis unit 216 first transmits the transport stream as information necessary for generating the VOB information (TS2-VOBI) of the encoded MPEG transport stream (TS2-VOB) received as a digital broadcast first.
- the time stamp information included in the head data is extracted as start time information (TS2-VOB-V-S-PTM) and sent to the system control unit 212.
- the start time information is set in Start-PTM of the cell information shown in FIG. 17 generated later.
- This time stamp information is PCR or PTS.
- ATS which is the timing when the object is transmitted to the DVD recorder, may be used instead.
- the analysis unit 216 further analyzes the system layer of the MPEG transport stream and detects information necessary for creating an access map. As described above, the position of the I picture in the object is detected based on the data (randam access indicator) in the adaptation field in the TS packet header.
- the drive 221 takes out the data stored in the track buffer 220 and records it on the DVD-RAM disk 100. At this time, the system control unit 212 uses the file system allocation information to record on the disk. Instruct the drive 221 where to record, as described above.
- the continuous area (CDA) is searched for the recordable area on the disc, and data is recorded in the searched continuous area.
- the end of recording is instructed by a stop request from the user.
- the recording stop request from the user is transmitted to the system control unit 212 through the user interface unit 222, and the system control unit 212 issues a stop request to the digital tuner 215 and the analysis unit 216.
- the analysis unit 216 receives the analysis stop request from the system control unit 212, stops the analysis process, and displays the time stamp information included in the data of the end section of the MPEG transport stream that was analyzed last (TS2_VOB_V_E_PTM) To the system control unit 212. This value is set in End_PTM of the cell information shown in FIG. This time stamp information is PCR or PTS. Alternatively, ATS, which is the timing when the object is transmitted to the DVD recorder, may be used instead.
- the system control unit 212 After receiving the digital broadcast, the system control unit 212 generates the TS 2-VOB VOB information (TS2-VOBI) and playback control information shown in FIG. 15 based on the information received from the analysis unit 216. To do.
- TS2-VOBI TS 2-VOB VOB information
- the generated VOB information includes an access map suitable for the object type and map management information.
- the system control unit 212 sets the map validity information of the map management information to be valid.
- the self-encoding flag is set to OFF. If a valid access map cannot be generated, the map validity information is set to invalid. Note that there are cases where a valid access map cannot be generated, such as when an unsupported digital broadcast is received or when there is no random access information in the applicable field. Also, when input directly from the digital I / F, there may be cases where it is not an MPEG transport stream, and in this case as well, the map validity information is set to invalid.
- an original playback path (0-PGC information) shown in Fig. 16 is generated, in which an object to be recorded is one of playback targets.
- the generated 0—PGC information is added to the original playback path table.
- the original playback path (O_PGC information) has cell information. “TS2_V0B” is set in the cell information type information.
- the system control unit 212 stores the drive 221 in the track buffer 220.
- the recording of the recorded data, TS2—VOB information for VOB (TS 2—VOBI) and playback control information are requested to be recorded, and the drive 221 stores the remaining data in the track buffer 220 and these information on the DVD. — Record to the RAM disk 100 and finish the recording process.
- the system control unit automatically replaces the user. It only issues a recording start and end request, and the operation of the DVD recorder is not essentially different.
- the basic operation at the time of recording / reproducing of the information recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention is almost the same as described above, only the basic operation at the time of analog external input recording will be specifically described below with reference to FIG. To do.
- the type of object to be recorded is TS1 VOB.
- the external input recording request by the user is transmitted to the system control unit 212 through the user interface unit 222.
- the system control unit 212 requests reception to the external input unit 223 and data encoding to the encoder 214.
- the MPEG transport stream sent from the encoder 214 is transferred to the track buffer 220.
- the encoder 214 uses the time stamp information included in the first data of the transport stream as information necessary for generating the VOB information (TS1-VOBI) of the MPEG transport stream (TS1-VOB) that has been encoded first. It is set as start time information (TS1-VOB-V_S_PTM) and sent to the system control unit 212.
- the start time information is set in Start_PTM of the cell information shown in FIG. 17 that is generated later.
- This time stamp information is PCR or PTS.
- the encoder 214 further generates information necessary for creating an access map while generating an MPEG transport stream.
- the adaptation field should be included, the random access indicator bit should be set, and the VOBU start Is transferred to the system control unit 212.
- the system control unit 212 outputs a recording request to the drive 221, and the drive 221 extracts the data stored in the track buffer 220 and records it on the DVD-RAM disk 100. At this time, the system control unit 212 instructs the drive 221 where to record on the disk from the allocation information of the file system. At this time, the above-mentioned continuous area (CDA) is searched from the recordable area on the disc, and data is recorded in the searched continuous area.
- CDA continuous area
- the end of recording is instructed by a stop request from the user.
- the recording stop request from the user is transmitted to the system control unit 212 through the user interface unit 222, and the system control unit 212 issues a stop request to the encoder 214.
- Encoder 214 stops the encoding process in response to a recording stop request from system control unit 212, and displays the time stamp information included in the end section data of the MPEG transport stream that has been encoded last. (TS1-VOB-VE-PTM) is sent to the system control unit 212. This value is set in End-PTM of the cell information shown in FIG. This time stamp information is PCR or PTS.
- the system control unit 212 After completion of the recording process, the system control unit 212 generates TS1-VOB VOB information (TS1-VOBI) and playback control information shown in Fig. 15 based on the information received from the encoder 214.
- TS1-VOBI TS1-VOB VOB information
- the generated VOB information includes an access map suitable for the object type and map management information.
- the system control unit 212 sets the map validity information of the map management information to be valid.
- the self-encoding flag is set to ON.
- the original playback path (0-PGC information) shown in Fig. 16 is generated in which the object to be recorded is one of the playback targets.
- the generated 0—PGC information is added to the original playback path table.
- the original playback path (O_PGC information) has cell information. “TS1_V0B” is set in the type information of the cell information.
- the system control unit 212 finishes recording the data stored in the track buffer 220 for the drive 221, and V1B information (TS1_V0BI) and playback control information for TS1-VOB.
- Drive 221 and the remaining data in track buffer 220 are recorded on the DVD—RAM disk 100, and the recording process is terminated.
- Fig. 21 (a) shows the structure of a self-encoding MPEG transport stream.
- the MPEG transport stream of self-encoding is divided into V0BU units, and PAT packets and PMT packets as well as user private packets with embedded stream-specific information at the beginning of each VOBU ( This is referred to as “UP packet” below).
- PAT packets and PMT packets are placed at least at the beginning of V0B.
- each packet is given ATS which is decoder input time information, and each packet is transferred to the decoder at the time intended by the corresponding ATS.
- the self-encoding program information (such as PMT packet PID) is stored in the PAT packet of the first packet, and is input to the decoder at the time of ATS1.
- the PMT packet of the second packet stores the PID and the like for each elementary stream making up the program.
- PIDs of video, audio, data broadcast ("Data" in the figure), and user private (“private” in the figure) packets are stored.
- Additional information to the stream is stored in the UP packet of the third packet.
- stream title information such as stream encoding information (bit rate, video resolution, frame rate, aspect ratio, encoding method, etc.)
- stream encoding information such as stream encoding information (bit rate, video resolution, frame rate, aspect ratio, encoding method, etc.)
- external input is analog or digital Input source identification information such as, information that specifies the encoding method of input AV data if it is digital
- copyright protection information such as copy permission / non-permission, VBI (Vertical Blanking Interval) )
- VBI Very Blanking Interval
- Fig. 22 (a) is a block diagram showing the configuration of a basic decoder called the transport stream system target decoder (T-STD), which analyzes PSI packets not mentioned above.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram additionally showing a system decoder 235 for controlling the decoder.
- PAT and PMT packets which are PSI packets
- T-STD When PAT and PMT packets, which are PSI packets, are input to T-STD, they are discriminated by demultiplexer 232 according to the packet type, and PSI packets related to system control are instantly transferred to transport buffer 233 .
- the PSI data becomes valid when the necessary PSI data is available in the system buffer 234.
- the MPEG T-STD model specifies the operation model of the decoder
- T_STD interprets and validates the PID of UP packet specified in PMT packet.
- the last byte (m bytes) needs to be stored in the system buffer 234.
- n is the byte length of the adaption_field of the PMT packet.
- the minimum time interval between ATS1 and ATS2 and the time interval between ATS2 and ATS3 is 4536 and 5616, respectively.
- FIG. 23 shows the UP packet storage method when the UP packet is defined as a User Private stream.
- the PMT stream_type corresponding to the UP packet is assigned an identification number greater than or equal to 0x80 and less than or equal to OxFF, a unique PID is assigned to the UP packet, and the data structure inside the UP packet is outside the MPEG standard.
- the UP packet has a DVD_attribute_section () and a section structure.
- the UP packet has a private-section structure and a unique PID is given.
- the data structure of private-section is slightly different.
- the unique data of UP packet is stored in private_data_byte of private_section. In this case, an identification number of 0x05 is assigned to stream_type.
- FIG. 25 shows a method of storing an UP packet as a packet having the same PID as that of PMT.
- the data structure of the UP packet follows the private_section structure.
- stream_type is not defined, and the PID of the PMT packet is assigned to the UP packet.
- FIG. 26 shows a method of enclosing a PMT packet without providing an UP packet individually.
- the unique data corresponding to the UP packet has a private_section structure, and the private one section is described following the TS one program one map one section. That is, store both TS-program-map-section and private-section in the PMT bucket.
- the unique data includes RDI-GI (Rea ⁇ time Data Information General Information) of the RDI Unit of the DVD Video Recording standard.
- DCI ⁇ Has CCI (Display Control Information and Copy Control Information).
- RDI—GI stores the start playback start time (VOBU—S—PMT) and recording date / time information of the VOBU
- DCI_CCI stores aspect ratio information, subtitle mode information, film in the VOBU.
- 'Information related to display control such as camera mode information, copy generation management information, APS information, input source information, etc. are stored.
- V_ATR includes video bit rate information, resolution information, frame rate M blueprint (or video_format information such as NTSC / PAL), aspect ratio information, encoding method (MPEG2_Video, MPEG1-Video, etc.) Information) is stored.
- A—ATR also contains information such as the audio bit rate, encoding method, number of channels, number of quantization bits, dynamic range control, etc., depending on the number of audios. Stored.
- CC data may be stored in advance in extension_and_user_data (l) (method for storing user data in the GOP layer) format.
- C data may be described in a separate description method.
- MPEG is described in a format that stores CC data in GOP layer user data.
- the PS conversion efficiency is increased because the DVD-Video and DVD Video Recording standards do so.
- C_SE describes information on several problems that will be a problem during TS2PS conversion of the VOBU (or VB).
- CC / WSS / Teletext data storage location information whether the CC data is in the UP bucket or the data described as user data in each picture header or this VOBU (V0B) This information identifies whether there is no CC data.
- the WSS storage location information is information indicating whether it is stored in the UP packet as unique data or is described in the user data of each picture header.
- the Teletext storage position information is information indicating the power stored in the TS packet storing Teletext, whether it is described in the user data of each picture header, and the like.
- Multiplexed block structure Concerning transfer information, the multiplexed block shown in Fig. 27 (only one elementary stream S, data block stored without being mixed with other elementary streams) is configured. Whether the TS packet to be used is a fixed number or a variable number ⁇ If it is a fixed number, information indicating the fixed number, information indicating whether PTS / DTS is attached to the first TS packet of the multiplexed block, Information about the transfer rate in the same multiplexed block is described. In MPEG_TS encoding, which does not impose conditions on conventional multiplexing, the multiplexed block has a fixed length size consisting of only one TS packet. Can also be described.
- Each decoder buffer control information includes information indicating video buffer margin such as vbv—delay and vbv—buffer—size, which are video verification buffer parameters (this Information can be used to determine how far ahead the video data can be read from the ATS input time), and the input completion time of the frame in the VOBU whose buffer input time is closest to the decoding time of that frame And the time difference information between the decoding time and the decoding time (this information can be used to determine how much video audio data can be read after the ATS input time).
- video buffer margin such as vbv—delay and vbv—buffer—size
- DVD_Compatibility information is information indicating how much load there is when transcoding the MPEG-TS to MPEG-PS conforming to each DVD standard.
- the level 1 indicator, CC, WSS, and Teletext data exist because the multiplexed block is configured with 2 KB or less
- CC and WSS data are stored in the UP packet
- Teletext is the video data. If it is stored as a Teletext packet in the multiplexed block that stores the data, there is no need to consider buffer management when storing the level 2 indicator, CC, WSS, and Teletext data in the area defined by each DVD standard. If you do not need to consider buffer management when replacing the ATS of the multiplex block's first TS packet with the SCR, level 4 indicators, etc., and the MPEG-TS into each DVD format This information indicates the convertibility of whether or not it can be easily converted.
- This DVD-compatibility information is an information group indicating ease of conversion corresponding to each DVD format, such as DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, DVD Video Recording, DVD Stream Recording, and the like.
- Fig. 27 shows a structure diagram of MPEG-TS using multiplexed blocks and a data structure diagram when it is converted into DVD-Video and DVD Video Recording formats.
- the self-recording TS stream shown in Fig. 27 (a) is composed of V0 BU (unit of playback * decoding) of the self-recording TS stream shown in Fig. 27 (b).
- V0 BU unit of playback * decoding
- Fig. 27 (c) one VOBU is composed of multiple multiplexed blocks (corresponding to the MPEG-PS pack).
- each Multiplexed blocks may be divided into fixed-length data sizes as shown in Fig. 27 (d) (this simplifies implementation on equipment), or as shown in Fig. 27 (e).
- the data may be divided into variable length data sizes (in this case, the capacity of the recording medium is not wasted).
- a non-elementary stream such as a PSI / SI packet or UP packet and an elementary stream are separated from each other to form a multiplexed block.
- non-elementary streams such as PSI / SI packets and UP packets may be stored together with elementary streams in the multiplexed block.
- multiplexed block # 1 and multiplexed block # 2 are one multiplexed block.
- the stream can be easily converted into the DVD-Video format shown in Fig. 27 (g) or the DVD Video Recording format shown in Fig. 27 (h).
- MPEG-PS packs are formed according to the sequence of multiplexed blocks, and one multiplexed block is a unit that stores one pack of data. This is important for easy TS2PS conversion. It is.
- Fig. 27 the capsule header and ATS are omitted because they are not related to the present invention.
- the converted MPEG-PS packs shown in Figs. 27 (g) and 27 (h) are stuffed and padded according to the byte length of the stored elementary and VOBU alignment.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining multiplexing in the present invention in correspondence with the conventional stream multiplexing method shown in FIG.
- the final format is a format compliant with the MPEG-TS in FIG. 28 (g).
- a video stream (Fig. 28 (a)) has multiple GOP forces (Fig. 28 (a)).
- Each GOP consists of predetermined picture data, and a TS packet group having a data amount equivalent to the data amount of one pack when converted to MPEG-PS is defined as one multiplexed block (see Fig. 28 (c)). ). That is, one multiplexed block is divided into a plurality of TS packets corresponding to the data amount of one pack as shown in FIG. 28 (d).
- V0BU is configured by multiplexing in units of multiplexed blocks. As described above, according to the present invention, it corresponds to the data amount of one pack of MPEG-PS. (See Fig. 28 (e).) Point This is the biggest difference from the conventional example shown in Fig. 8.
- ATSi 0, l, 2, ...) satisfies the relationship of the following equation.
- the multiplex block has a fixed length, the number of TS packets included in one multiplex block is constant, so the boundary of the multiplex block can be easily known.
- the multiplex block has a variable length, the number of TS packets included in one multiplex block is indeterminate, making it difficult to know the boundaries of the multiplex blocks. Therefore, in this case, the ATS value increment (A ATS) at the boundary of the multiplexed block is set to a predetermined value different from the increment (constant value) in the multiplexed block.
- the difference ( ⁇ ATS) between the ATS value of the last packet in the previous multiplex block and the ATS value of the first packet in the immediately following multiplex block is set to a predetermined value different from the constant value.
- the ATSi assigned to the first packet of the multiplexed block in MPEG-TS corresponds to the SCRi assigned to each converted MPEG-PS pack.
- character information such as Closed Caption and DSI may be stored in the UP packet.
- the DSI in the UP packet is used to generate the converted NV_PCK data, and the Closed Caption is stored in the video pack.
- a packet storing teletext data in a multiplexed block may be inserted between packets storing video data.
- Tel Packets storing etext data are placed immediately before the picture with the PTS displayed at the same time.
- Teletext data is stored in the video pack after conversion.
- Figure 31 shows the data structure of the UP packet that stores DSI, etc. as described above.
- the additional information of the UP packet may include information (such as the relative number of the VOBU head force) that identifies the TS packet that stores the last byte of the VOBU head I picture. Good special reproduction can be realized.
- information such as the relative number of the VOBU head force
- picture coding type information of all pictures for example, information specifying a TS packet including the last byte
- data length information of the pictures for example, information specifying a TS packet including the last byte
- the TS packets forming the multiplexed block may be appropriately stuffed so that the data stored in the pack does not overflow in consideration of conversion to MPEG-PS.
- the necessary number of stuffing bytes may be inserted from the last TS packet of the multiplexed block.
- MPEG-PS converted streams may be recorded on the same or different recording media.
- the force UP packet for recording the PAT, PMT, and UP packet may be omitted.
- the PAT, PMT, and UP packet placement is fixed at the head.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a packet storing NuU packets or the like is inserted between them. May be recorded.
- the self-encoding stream starts with a PAT packet.
- the system transfer rate may be set to a fixed rate by appropriately inserting a null packet into a self-encoding stream.
- a data area for storing manufacturer-specific information is provided, and MPE is stored there.
- FIG. 33 shows the configuration of the encoder of the information recording apparatus according to the present invention.
- the encoder 214 is powered by the elementary encoders 230a, 230b, and 230c and the system encoder 232.
- the encoder 214 receives a control signal from the system control unit 212, and performs encoding processing while switching to elementary encoding or system encoding by the elementary encoders 230a, 230b, 230c and the system encoder 232. Do.
- Each of the elementary encoders 230a, 230b, and 230c receives and encodes video, audio, and VBI (Vertical Blanking Interval) signals.
- VBI Very Blanking Interval
- the video encoder 230a receives the control signal from the system control unit 212, and encodes the attributes such as the bit rate, resolution, and aspect ratio of the video stream within a predetermined range according to the control signal. Specifically, at the start of encoding, the video encoder 230a selects one of the operation modes of “DVD—Video compatible mode”, “DVD Video Recording compatible mode”, or “normal mode” from the system control unit 212. Receives the specified control signal. If the mode specified by the control signal is “DVD_Video compatible mode”, a video stream conforming to the video attribute of the DVD —Video standard can be generated. If it is “DVD Video Recording compatible mode”, DVD Video Recording (hereinafter “DVD VR” ) If the video stream conforms to the standard video attribute and “normal mode”, the video stream conforms to an attribute of a certain predetermined category.
- DVD VR DVD Video Recording
- the audio encoder 230b receives the control signal from the system control unit 212, and encodes the audio stream bit rate, the number of quantization bits, the number of channels, and the like within a predetermined range according to the control signal.
- the video encoder 230a specifically, when the control signal indicating the operation mode is received from the system control unit 212 and the mode indicated by the control signal is “DVD—Video compatible mode”, the audio of the DVD—Video standard is used. If the audio stream conforming to the attribute is “DVD Video Recording compatible mode”, the audio stream conforming to the audio attribute of the DVD VR standard is conforming to the attribute of a predetermined category if it is “normal mode”. Audio stream.
- the VBI encoder 230c also receives a control signal designating an operation mode from the system control unit 212, and encodes VBI data according to this control signal. Specifically, when the elementary stream encoding control signal input from the system control unit 212 to the VBI encoder specifies “DVD_Video compatible mode” or “DVD Video Recording compatible mode”, the VBI encoder 230c According to the VBI data storage method specified in each standard, VBI data is additionally encoded. The additional encoding means that the method of storing VBI data may be determined separately even in the original normal mode, meaning that it is stored in the elementary stream in duplicate. [0239] The encoded elementary streams are multiplexed into the MPEG-TS system stream by the system encoder 232 as described above.
- the system encoder 232 also receives an encoding control signal from the system control unit 212 in the same manner as the elementary stream encoders 230a, 230b, and 23 Oc, and performs encoding according to this.
- the control signal from the system control unit 212 to the system encoder 232 adds MP EG -PS (especially a DVD specific format) to the system encoding control signal power to normal MPEG _TS, normal MPEG—TS.
- MPEG -PS especially a DVD specific format
- System encoding control signal DVD—Video mode power ⁇ DVD Video Recording mode
- system ender 232 is connected to each elementary streamer 230a, 230b, 230c force, and so on.
- System encoding is performed while buffer management is performed so that the stream does not fail with the decoder model (hereinafter referred to as “T-STD”), which is the standard for MPEG-TS system streams.
- T-STD decoder model
- the self-encoding MPEG-TS system stream generated in this way is output from the encoder 214.
- the information recording apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the encoding mode is individually switched between the elementary stream and the system stream level.
- Fig. 34 shows a table that summarizes the processing when converting to DVD format for each encoding mode by switching the encoding mode.
- elementary stream encoders 230a, 230b, 230c and system stream encoder 232 can be converted to MPEG-PS easily by encoding on the premise of conversion to MPEG-PS.
- MPEG-TS is created.
- information representing the coding condition of the stream is stored in VOBI that stores attribute information and the like in units of MPEG-TS streams. Whether or not the stream can be easily converted to the DVD-Video or DVD VR format without analyzing the stream by storing the information indicating the sign key condition in the management information in the stream. It becomes possible to perform the determination quickly. Note that the information indicating the code condition of this stream may be stored in the Tip packet described later.
- MPEG—TS Constrained SESF
- the encode_condition 00b indicating normal MPEG-TS has no meaning in the stream (in the Tip packet described later).
- the use of encode_condition may be different outside the Z in the stream, as reserved and prohibited.
- FIG 80 shows the overall stream structure of Constrained SESF.
- Constrained S ESF consists of multiple SESF capsules.
- the SESF capsule includes a predetermined Multiplexing Unit, and has a Tip packet (details will be described later) at the beginning.
- the playback time information (PTS) of each SESF capsule and the address information of the Tip packet are associated by the access map 80c. As will be described later, in TS2PS conversion, conversion processing is performed for each SESF capsule.
- Fig. 32 shows the correspondence between each packet in one SESF capsule and the MPEG-PS pack.
- a TS packet (hereinafter referred to as “Tip packet”) in which the stream specific information is stored is inserted into the Constrained SESF.
- Tip packet TS packet
- the Tip packet embedded in the Constrained SESF is described below with reference to FIGS. 35 to 41.
- FIG 35 shows the overall structure of the Tip packet.
- the Tip packet corresponds to the Data-ID for identifying that the packet is a Tip packet and the DCI-CCI field of DVD VR, and includes display control and copy control information.
- Figure 37 shows the structure of Data_ID.
- Data_ID includes Data_Identifier to identify that the packet is a Tip packet.
- Data_Identifier is a 3-byte field with a value of “0x544950” that represents “TIP” in ASCII code. The playback device decoder can determine the value of this field and identify it as a Tip packet.
- Figure 38 shows the structure of display—and—copy—info. By making this display—and—copy—info have the same structure and information as the DCI—CCI of the DVD VR RDI Unit, the RDI pack can be generated when converting the Constrained SESF to the DVD VR format. Making it easy.
- Figure 39 shows the structure of encode_info.
- the video_resolution field describes the resolution information of the video stream that follows the Tip socket.
- the encode_info value is shown below.
- 0000b 720x480 (NTSC), 720x576 (PAL)
- 0100b 544x480 (NTSC), 544x576 (PAL)
- 0101b 480x480 (NTSC), 480x576 (PAL)
- the resolution power during one continuous recording may be variable.
- streams with different resolutions are managed as separate VOBs, and seamless connection during playback is guaranteed depending on the recorder. Therefore, if the resolution changes during Constrained SES F recording, this field is used to determine which point force VB should be separated when converted to DVD VR format.
- the encode condition field is the value stored in VOBI (except when it is 00b) ) Are the same.
- the encode-condition field is embedded in the stream as well as the stream management information, even if the stream is copied via a digital interface represented by IEEE1394. This is because the recording device can easily determine whether it can be converted to the DV D format by checking the encode_condition field in the Tip packet.
- DVD VR standard VOBU_S_PTM is recorded in the FVFPST field.
- the video stream encoded following the Tip packet is analyzed and the playback time of the video field displayed first is calculated. This is to omit the processing to be performed.
- the FVFPST field represents the display time of the video field with 90 KHz accuracy.
- FIG 40 shows the structure of PES-info.
- PES_info is essential information for converting Constrained SESF into DVD-Video format without analyzing elementary streams. This information is necessary to generate information stored in a pack that supports special playback called NV-PCK that is inserted into the DVD-Video stream.
- PES-info can store information of PES packets storing a total of 136 video data and audio data. Each PES packet is assigned 4 bits of data so that NV-PCK information can be generated without analyzing the inside of the PES packet. If there is a PES packet that does not store video or audio data, the PES packet is ignored.
- PES_existence_flag indicates whether or not the jth PES packet exists in the corresponding SESF Capsule. Flag.
- the value of PES_existence_flag is set as follows.
- the PES-payload-identifier is information for identifying whether the data is video data or audio data stored in the PES packet.
- PES_existence_flag and PES_payload_identifier are fields describing all target PES packets.
- 01b A frame-encoded I picture, a pair of field-encoded I pictures, or a pair of field-encoded I pictures and field-encoded P pictures
- the 01b or 10b picture is a reference picture defined in the DVD-Video standard.
- the above is additional information for PES packets that store video.
- the PES packet is followed by the PES packet.
- sync_presentation_flag which is a flag for determining whether or not it contains an audio frame that starts playing immediately after.
- the identification of the first audio stream power and the second audio stream can also be determined by the PID setting rule, the order of the elementary stream declarations in the PMT, and the like.
- sync_presentation_flag The value of sync_presentation_flag is set as follows.
- the audio PES packet contains an audio frame that starts playing at the same time as or immediately after FVFPST.
- the audio PES packet contains an audio frame that starts playing immediately after or immediately after FVFPST.
- PES—info is a field for extracting and storing information for each individual PES packet following the Tip packet.
- FIG 41 shows MakersPrivateData.
- MakersPrivateData provides a maker—ID that identifies the manufacturer that generated the Constrained SESF, and a maker—private—data that describes the manufacturer's unique additional information.
- Figures 42 (a) and (b) show an example of the PID of the Tip packet and the stream_type value indicating the stream type. Since both PID and stream_type have reserved values in MPEG and other standards, the above values were selected taking into account that they are private data that does not interfere with them and are outside the MPEG standard.
- a TS packet that stores an elementary stream in Constrained SESF consists of a multiplexing unit, which is a unit that collects data stored in a 2 KB pack in DVD format.
- This multiplexing unit corresponds to the multiplexed block of the first embodiment.
- One Multiplexing Unit is composed of 11 consecutive TS packets, and the elementary stream (payload data) in each Multiplexing Unit is completely stored in one corresponding pack. This also limits the relevance of the pack.
- TS packet payload data of 184 X 11 2024B. This is to make it possible to transfer the stream with maximum efficiency and to execute it easily at the time of STS2PS conversion with TS packet unit sequential processing power. If the data amount of the Multiplexing Unit other than the last is recognized as 2024B or less, the value of PES_packet_length stored in the packet header of each MPEG-PS pack when converting the first TS packet of the Multiplexing Unit during TS2PS conversion is easy. Can not be determined.
- the first complete audio frame data starting in the Multiplexing Unit must be the first audio frame in the PES packet payload.
- PES packets storing audio streams are stored in multiple Multiplexing Units. Assuming that one audio PES packet is divided and arranged in multiple Multiplexing Units, when converting the second and subsequent Multiplexing Units into MPEG-PS packs, the PTS is specified to generate a packet header. It is necessary to determine the number of audio frames stored in one pack. For this reason, internal analysis of the audio stream is required during TS2PS conversion, and the conversion process is avoided.
- the above is the definition of Multiplexing Unit.
- the encoder that generates the Constrained SESF performs system encoding within the restrictions of the Multiplexing Unit.
- the value of PES-packet-legnth may be allowed to be 0 in the case of a video stream stored in MPEG-TS.
- PTS-DTS-flags is a flag indicating whether or not PTS and DTS are described.
- PTS_DTS_flags is set to 10b (or l ib if DTS is present).
- PES_extension_flag and PES_header_data_legnth have restrictions for performing sequential processing in units of TS packets during TS2PS conversion. This is shown in FIG.
- each value is defined by the type of elementary stream, the position of the PES packet, and the value of the encode condition.
- the VPD in FIG. 44 is the byte length obtained by adding the PTS field and the DTS field of the PES packet. That is,
- the decoder input time indicated by the ATS (ATS1) of the Tip packet, and the decoder input time indicated by the ATS (ATS2) of the TS packet that stores the video or audio stream that is input to the decoder first following the Tip packet. Must have the following relationship:
- T is the minimum transfer period of the PS pack. This minimum transfer period is the minimum period from the start of input of the PS pack to the system decoder until completion. That is, the above equation shows that the ATS interval of each TS packet needs to be at least larger than the interval at which the converted PS pack can be input to the system decoder.
- the value of T is calculated as follows.
- PS_pack_size is the MPEG-PS 1-pack byte length generated by TS2PS conversion
- system_clock_frequency is the MPEG-PS decoder reference time frequency
- PSrate is the MPEG-2 PS stream generated by TS2PS conversion. Is the multiplexing rate.
- the DVD format takes the following values, so the relationship between ATS1 and ATS2 is as follows.
- PSrate 10080000 bits / second
- ATS1 + 43886 ATS2 is the minimum value of ATS2.
- S the force to convert a Tip packet into a pack with 2KB size of NV_PCK (DVD-Video conversion) or RDI_PCK (DVD VR conversion) in TS2PS conversion described later, S satisfies the above formula. If not, the transfer time of the subsequent elementary stream will be advanced and the DVD system transfer rate will exceed the upper limit of 10.08 Mbps.
- the time width on the playback time axis of video data stored in one SESF capsule must be not less than 0.4 seconds and not more than 1.0 seconds.
- encode— condition 11 b (DVD—Video mode).
- each Tip packet should be pointed one-to-one with an access map that performs time-to-address translation.
- DSI Data Search Information
- the access map stores the playback time (part or all of the AV playback time information immediately after the tip packet according to FVFPST) and the recording address of the tip packet for each tip packet, and between two consecutive tip packets. It is only necessary to know how many Multiplexing Units are stored. This is achieved by the following constraints.
- tip packets need to be pointed from the access map.
- AV data following the last tip packet in the strained SESF has the playback time length and the next tip packet.
- the handling is different because it is in a different state from other Tip packets. In such a case, even if the last tip packet is not registered in the access map, there is no particular problem in playback and conversion.
- a total of 32 packets that do not belong to the Multiplexing Unit are inserted between two consecutive Tip packets. This is necessary to specify how many packs of VOBU will be when converting to DVD format using the access map during TS2PS conversion. (The number of packets need not be limited to 32, but it must be a certain number. Since the number of TS packets that follow the tip packet can be identified from the address information of the tip packet in the access map, Multiplexing If you know how many packets are not Units, when you convert to DVD format, you can specify whether the VOBU contains a pack of shoes.This is important, and this information is the MakersPrivateDa in the MNF and each Tip packet. It may be described in ta.)
- the reason for 32 is that PAT and PMT packets indicating MPEG-TS program configuration information are embedded at least once in 100 msec, and SIT packets storing unique information for each program are at least 1
- Each Multiplexing Unit is loaded with one or more times per second, a PCR packet that stores a PCR (Program Clock Reference) that generates the decoder reference time is loaded at least once in 100 msec.
- PCR Program Clock Reference
- the insertion interval of Tip packets is 1.0 seconds or less on the AV data playback time axis, at least 31 packets between two consecutive Tip packets If you have PAT, PMT, PCR, and SIT packets, you can do that. Therefore, by inserting PAT, PMT, PCR, SIT packets according to the time between two consecutive Tip packets, and adding NULL packets to 32 packets, the number of VOBU packs can be calculated as an access Can be identified from the list.
- this number of packs and playback start time information for each V OBU it is possible to generate NV-PCK DSI packets necessary for conversion to DVD Video very quickly.
- Constrained SESF needs to be created to meet the standards of T-STD, the MPEG-TS standard decoder model. This means that even STBs equipped with T STD-compliant decoders can decode Constrained SESF as long as the stream type matches.
- MPEG-TS standard decoder model T-STD and MPEG-PS standard decoder model P-STD have almost the same processing capability, but input to the audio stream decoder.
- the rate is different.
- the transfer rate from the transport buffer before the audio decoder to the audio buffer is fixed at 2 Mbps, excluding AAC.
- P—STD With a system rate, that is, a DVD, a stream of 10 ⁇ 08 Mbps can be used to power various streams to the decoder.
- the Constrained SESF of the present invention is T-STD compliant and encoded in advance so as to ensure that it is compliant with MPEG-PS power S and P-STD generated by the conversion method described later. Need to be done.
- Constrained SESF is a stream encoded in MPEG-TS so that it becomes P-STD compliant even if converted to MPEG-PS.
- FIG. 45 shows an example of MPEG-TS that is self-encoded so as not to satisfy the power T STD model that can be converted into MPEG-PS.
- Stream TS1 is an MPEG transport stream that is system-encoded to comply with the T-STD model.
- Stream TS2 is an MPEG transport stream that does not conform to the T-STD model. That is, in stream TS2, the values of ATS [47] to ATS [57] are set so as to exceed the transfer rate allowed for audio data in MPEG-TS. This causes the transport buffer (see Figure 18) to overflow, and does not satisfy the T_STD model.
- the stream TS1 is set so that the values of ATS [47] to ATS [57] satisfy the transfer rate allowed for audio data in MPEG-TS.
- This stream can be correctly converted to P-STD-compliant MPEG program stream PS 1 using the SCR conversion formula described below.
- stream TS2 does not satisfy T-STD, but if it is converted using the SCR conversion formula described later, PS1 is generated.
- the audio packet transfer time interval specified in ATS [47] to ATS [57] should be extended to prevent the transport buffer from overflowing. is required.
- FIGS. 46 (a) and 46 (b) show an example in which the MPEG-TS force that T-STD satisfies and the converted MPEG-PS does not satisfy the P_STD model.
- Stream TS3 is an MPEG transport stream
- stream PS3 is an MPEG program stream converted from MPEG transport stream TS3.
- Figure 46 (b) shows the change in the state of the video data buffer when each stream is decoded.
- the decoding time of the PES # 1 picture is SCR [2]
- the decoding time of the PES # 2 picture is between SCR [4] and SCR [5].
- the stream of Constrained SESF has the structure shown in Fig. 14 (c).
- a PCR packet storing reference time information (PCR) is appropriately inserted, and this is used to reset the STC (System Time Clock), which is the decoder reference time, at certain time intervals.
- STC System Time Clock
- Each TS packet is preceded by an ATS that stores relative transmission time information between TS packets. Therefore, TS packets sent after the TS packet storing the PCR are input to the decoder at a timing obtained from the PCR value and ATS which is the relative sending time information between TS packets.
- the decoder input time of each TS packet (hereinafter referred to as “calculated_PCR”) can be generated for TS packets after the TS packet storing the PCR. Even if there is no TS packet storing PCR, it is possible to extract information corresponding to PCR as management information.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram showing the relationship between calculated_PCR and SCR when converted from Constrained SESF to MPEG-PS, and is the head of the Capsule shown in FIG.
- the ATS assigned to each TS packet in ascending order from the beginning of the stream is denoted as ATS [k].
- the SCR of the converted pack is also written as SCR [i] in the order of appearance.
- the maximum transfer rate for video stream transfer is 15Mbps (in the case of MP @ ML, the transfer rate from the multiplexer buffer to the video buffer does not exceed 15Mbps).
- the audio stream input rate has a lower rate limit than video. (Transport buffer power and audio buffer transfer rate does not exceed 2Mbps except AAC) Therefore, the Multiplexing Unit that stores the audio data has a low rate unlike the Multiplexing Unit that stores the video data. Forwarded.
- PCR_tip and ATS_tip are the PCR value described in the Tip packet immediately before the Multiplexing Unit to be converted and the ATS value of the Tip packet, respectively.
- WA indicates how many digits overflowed in ATS between ATS (ATS [n]) and ATS_tip given to the first TS packet in the i-th multiplex unit.
- BS Represents the amount of one-time overflow of the ATS.
- Max (a, b) is a function that selects the larger value of a and b.
- PS-pack-size is MPEG-PS pack 1 generated by TS2PS conversion. It is the length of bytes.
- the sy stem-clock-frequency is the frequency of the MPEG-PS decoder reference time, and P Srate is the multiplexing rate of the MPEG-PS stream generated by TS2PS conversion.
- PSrate 10080000 bits / second.
- PTS (DVD- Video) PTS (Constrained SESF)-calculated— PCR [0]
- DTS (DVD— Video) DTS (Constrained SESF)-calculated— PCR [0] ATS [n]
- WA is as above, i This is the ATS value of the first TS packet of the second Multiplexing Unit and the number of overflows from the ATS-tip.
- the Constrained SESF described here is a force that excludes LPCM S, in order to avoid the risk of re-encoding elementary streams in the case of LPCM with 20 or more quantization bits. This is also to facilitate buffer management by reducing the amount of audio data for which the transfer rate cannot be increased. However, if it is a 16-bit LPCM, there is no need to exclude it.
- the following two streams are allowed for Constrained S ESF: MPEG2-Video for video, AC-3 for audio, and MPEG1-Audio.
- the encoding of audio data is not limited to this, and an encoding scheme such as Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) used in BS digital broadcasting may be used. .
- AAC Advanced Audio Coding
- This attribute can be changed in the TS packet that stores the first elementary stream following the Tip packet. In other words, it can only be changed in the first video or audio TS packet in the SESF Capsule.
- This attribute may vary within the same VOB as long as it is between mono, stereo, and dual mono.
- Fig. 50 shows the stream structure of the DVD-Video standard format.
- each stream contains multiple VOBs, and each V0B consists of an integer number of VOBU forces.
- VOB U consists of an integer number of pack powers, with video pack (V PCK) Nyao starting from NV PCK. This is followed by a one-pack (A-PCK).
- A-PCK video pack
- NV—PCK has two packets. Each packet is called a PCI (Presentation Control Information) packet or a DSI (Data Search Information) packet, and the PCI packet stores playback control information for the VOBU, and the DSI packet contains the VOBU.
- PCI Presentation Control Information
- DSI Data Search Information
- PCI data includes PCI_GI (PCI General Information) for storing general PCI information, NSML_AGLI for non-seamless angle information, HLI for highlighting menu buttons, and ISRC ( It consists of RECI that stores (International Standard Recording Code).
- PCI_GI PCI General Information
- NSML_AGLI for non-seamless angle information
- HLI for highlighting menu buttons
- ISRC It consists of RECI that stores (International Standard Recording Code).
- NSML— AGLI and HLI are described as invalid if converted from Constrained SESF.
- ISRC In ISRC, data indicating invalidity may be described, and the ISRC code may be described correctly. However, since it is not related to conversion from Constrained SESF, explanation here is omitted. Therefore, only PCI-GI is a problem when creating PCI data from Constrained SESF.
- Figure 52 shows the PCI-GI structure of NV-PCK. In the following, the calculation method is explained only for the fields that require calculation when converting from the Constrained SESF force.
- NV_PCK_LBN (the NV_PCK relative address in the VOBS file) can be generated by counting the number of packs of the information recording device during conversion.
- V 0 BU_CAT (information on analog copy protection status) can be obtained from display_and_copy_info of the Tip packet corresponding to NV_PCK.
- VOBU_S_PTM (the playback time information of the video field first displayed in VOBU) can be calculated from the FVFPST of the Tip packet corresponding to NV_PCK.
- VOBU_E_PTM time information when video data in VOBU completes playback
- VOBU_E_PTM is the power obtained from the playback time information described in the next entry in the access map. It can be generated by analyzing the corresponding video stream and calculating the time when video playback ends.
- V ⁇ BU-SE-E-PTM time information when playback ends with sequence-end-code in video data in VOBU is because sequence_end_code is only allowed at the end of VOB (Fig. 48). (See), VOBU in the middle of the stream is filled with “0x00000000” that sequence_end_code does. Only NV_PCK with Sequence_end_code in the last VOBU has the same value as V ⁇ BU_E_PTM.
- C_ELTM time difference information between the playback time of the first video frame displayed in the CELL in which the NV_PCK is stored and the first video frame displayed in the VOBU; frame accuracy is required
- NV-PCK PCI data can be generated in units of VOBU at any time during conversion.
- FIG. 53 shows the structure of the NV—PCK DSI.
- DSI data stores DSI—GI (Data Search Information General Information), which stores DSI general information, and recording addresses, playback information, etc. necessary for seamless playback between VOBs.
- SML—AGLI (Angle Information for seamless) that stores arrangement information for seamless playback between different angles, and recording address information of VOBUs in the vicinity of the VOBU VOBU — Consists of SRI (VOB Unit Search Information) and SYNCI (Synchronous Information), which is information for synchronized playback of video and audio / sub-picture.
- SRI Voice Unit Search Information
- SYNCI Synchronous Information
- SML_AGLI describes data indicating invalidity when converted by Constrained SESF force.
- FIG. 54 shows the DSI_GI structure of NV_PCK. Constrained
- NV PCK SCR (SCR value of NV PCK) is constrained by the calculation method described later.
- the SCR is derived from the SESF ATS and derived from the SCR.
- NV_PCK_LBN (NV_PCK relative address in VOBS file) is the same as PCI data and its request.
- ⁇ 811_ £ 8 (1 ⁇ ⁇ _? ⁇ 1: to ⁇ 081; relative address from the last pack in) can be calculated from the access map.
- the number of TS packets from the access map to the next entry is calculated. It is possible to calculate how many packs are formed following NV_PCK by subtracting the number of TS packets that do not belong to the Multiplexing Unit in the TS packet and dividing the result by 11. For NV_PCK derived from the last Tip packet: or for all NV_PCK, the number of packs generated after conversion may be counted and described.
- V ⁇ BU_lSTREF_EA in VOBU, relative address from NV_PCK to the last pack of the first reference picture
- VOBU— 2NDREF—EA in V ⁇ BU, the second reference picture from NV—PCK Relative address up to the last pack of VOBU—3 RDREF—EA
- TS2P S conversion can be derived without the need to analyze the video stream layer.
- PES—info describes the PES packet of each video that does not describe the encoded picture.
- a PES packet with picture-coding-type 01b, 10b contains a reference picture as defined in the DVD-Video standard.
- PTS_DTS_flags l ib
- PTS_DTS_flags 10b
- VOBU_VOB_IDN (the ID number of VB to which the VOBU belongs) should be able to be obtained during conversion by the information recording device.
- VOBU_C_IDN ID number of the CELL to which the VOBU belongs
- ID number of the CELL to which the VOBU belongs is also a number set by the information recording device during conversion, just like VOBU_V0B_IDN, and is not related to the stream.
- management information such as PGC information of Constrained SESF
- C—ELTM Time difference information between the playback time of the first video frame displayed in the CELL where NV—PCK is stored and the first video frame displayed in VOBU. Frame accuracy is required.
- each field of NV-PCK DSI-GI can be generated at any time in units of VOBU during conversion.
- Figure 55 shows the SML-PBI structure of NV-PCK. In the following, the calculation method is explained only for the fields that need to be calculated when converting from Constrained SES F.
- VOB_V_S_PTM time information of the video frame displayed at the beginning of VB to which NV_PCK belongs
- FVFPST time information of the video frame displayed at the beginning of VB to which NV_PCK belongs
- VOB_V_E_PTM video playback end time information of the VOB to which NV_PCK belongs
- VOB_V_E_PTM video playback end time information of the VOB to which NV_PCK belongs
- VOB_V_E_PTM video playback end time information of the VOB to which NV_PCK belongs
- Finding the playback end time It can be set at any time.
- the NV-PCK SML-PBI fields can be calculated before conversion, and the values may be used during the conversion.
- V 0 BU_SRI can be calculated using the access map as described above, the explanation here is omitted.
- VOBU_SRI is described completely for each cell, it cannot be calculated unless the cell is defined. Therefore, in a recorder that records in DVD-Video format in real time, the cell cannot be cut in an arbitrary section, and power that lacks editability and reproducibility is used when converting from Constrained SESF force. Therefore, since the section specified by the user can be defined and converted as a cell, chapters can be created as intended by the user, and the playlist that starts playback from the point specified by the user is in the DVD-Video format. Can be realized.
- Figure 56 shows the SYNCI structure of NV—PCK. In the following, the calculation method is explained only for the fields that need to be calculated when converting from the Constrained SESF force.
- A—SYNCA0 (the relative address of the pack that stores the primary audio and the pack that stores the audio frame that is played immediately after or immediately after the VOBU—S—PTM) uses the PES—info in the Tip packet. Thus, it can be acquired during TS2PS conversion without stream analysis.
- the PES—info stream—identifier it is possible to determine whether the PES packet contains primary audio.
- sync_presentation_flag is not guaranteed to be lb in one audio pack in VOBU. If the encoder multiplexes the audio first, a certain VOBU An audio pack that is played at the same time or immediately after a VOBU-S-PTM can be stored in the previous VOBU, and vice versa.
- the Constrained SESF is placed in the SESF capsule in advance.
- the system encoding may be performed so that audio data to be played back at the same time as or immediately after the FVFPST described in the tip packet of the SESF capsule is stored.
- VVOBU_S_PTM exceeds VOBU (SESF capsule)
- A_SYNCA1 (the relative address of the pack that stores the secondary audio and the pack that stores the audio frame that is played immediately after VOBU_S_PTM) can be set in the same way as A—SYNCA0.
- NV-PCK DSI data can be generated and converted at any time in units of VOBU, except for A-SYNCA, during conversion.
- Figure 84 summarizes an example of NV—PCK generation method.
- a DVD VR stream will be briefly described below.
- the DVD VR stream format details are described in “DVD Specifications for Rewritable / Re- recordable Discs Part 3 VIDEO REC RDING”.
- Fig. 57 shows a stream structure in the DVD VR format.
- each stream contains multiple VOBs, and each VOB consists of an integer number of VOBUs.
- VOBU consists of an integer number of pack powers, followed by video pack (V_PCK) and audio pack (A_PCK) with RDI_PCK at the head.
- V_PCK video pack
- A_PCK audio pack
- RDI_PCK stores display and copy control information and manufacturer-specific information.
- RDI—PCK payload data (RDI Unit) is RDI general information R RDI-one GI (Real-time Data Information ueneral Information) and display and copy It consists of DCI_CCI (Display Control Information and Copy Control Information) that stores information for control and MNFI (Manufacturer's Information) that stores manufacturer-specific information.
- R RDI-one GI Real-time Data Information ueneral Information
- DCI_CCI Display Control Information and Copy Control Information
- MNFI Manufacturing's Information
- RDI_GI contains a V 0 BU_S_PTM field inside it, only this field is variable, and other fields are filled with fixed values.
- V0BU_S_PTM has exactly the same format as FVFPST described in the corresponding Tip packet in the transport stream before conversion, so the value of FVFPST can be copied as it is.
- DCI_CCI has exactly the same format as the display_and_copy_info of the Tip packet, the value of display- and-copy-info can be copied as it is.
- MNFI a unique manufacturer ID is assigned only when the manufacturer ID described in the Tip packet is the same as the manufacturer ID of this information recording device, and the manufacturer specific information is described (copied). . However, if the maker—ID power in the Tip packet is the ID of another manufacturer, or if it is an invalid maker—ID value, an invalid data is written in the MNFI to generate an RDI pack. May be.
- the RDI PCK starts from the corresponding Tip packet (and its ATS) only. You can create next.
- Fig. 58 shows a flowchart for generating the RDI-PCK.
- RDI In the case of PCK (or NV_PCK), the system header consists of a fixed value field. Details of the system header are shown in Figure 61. The packet header and private header stored in RDI_PCK are shown in Figure 62 (a) and (b), respectively. As shown, these headers are also composed of fixed value fields, so they are easy to generate.
- Fig. 59 shows a flow chart for generating PS packet packs with TS packet (lMultiplexing Unit) power storing AV data.
- the Constrained SESF TS packet that stores AV data is
- Step S4200 Read only one TS packet from the conversion start point force of the Constrained SESF stream.
- Step S4201 It is determined whether or not the read TS packet stores AV data and is the first TS packet of the Multiplexing Unit. AV data storage decision is made by referring to the PID value of the TS packet declared to store AV data in the PMT. Regarding the determination of whether or not it is the head of the Multiplexing Unit, if the preceding TS packet is a Tip packet, PSI / SI packet, or PCR packet, the TS packet that stores the AV data immediately after it is stored. Judged as the beginning of the Multiplexing Unit.
- the conversion start point is expected to be a Tip packet, it is possible to determine whether or not it is the head of the Multiplexing Unit by reading TS packets in order (that is, the TS packet storing AV data immediately after the Tip packet is Must be at the beginning of Multiplexing Unit.) As a result of determination, if the packet is not at the beginning of the Multiplexing Unit, TS packet, or if conversion has not started from the Tip packet and determination cannot be made, the process returns to S4200 to read the next TS packet. . If it is confirmed that the Multiplexing Unit is at the head, the process proceeds to the next process.
- Step S4202 The ATS attached to the first TS packet of the Multiplexing Unit Used to calculate the time (calculated-PCR) when the MPEG-PS pack into which the TS packet is converted is input to the decoder. This calculation method is as described above. Once the PCR is calculated, the SCR can be calculated by the above calculation method, and the pack header shown in FIG. 60 is completely determined. This is because the pack header can only accept a fixed value except for the SCR.
- Step S4203 A packet header and a private header are created.
- the packet header is created based on the PES packet header of Constrained SESF.
- the created packet header must be in a format that satisfies the field values shown in Figure 63. This is because if the value of a field that changes the header length is not determined, conversion from the Constrained SESF is not uniquely determined, which may affect buffer management.
- the fields listed here are not listed because they are fixed values.
- Constrained SESF determines the individual field values of the PES packet header in detail because the processing required for conversion from the PES packet header (MPEG-TS) to the packet header (MPEG-PS) is minimized. It is to make it.
- the size of the PES packet is larger than the size of one pack, one PES packet is converted into multiple packs.
- the packet headers of the second and subsequent packs set PTS-DTS-flags to "0 ObJ and PES-extension-flags to" 0b "in the first packet header generated from the PES packet.
- the correction points are to adjust the stuffing-byte length and to correct the PES-header-data-length.
- the private header is required when storing a non-MPEG standard stream, so it is required for packs storing NV_PCK, RDI_PCK: AC-3, LPCM, etc.
- Figure 64 shows the AC-3 private header.
- the value of the field will be that for a fixed rate AC-3, the byte length of one audio frame will be the bitrate. Since it can be calculated from the data rate and the value is a fixed length, it can be easily calculated from PES-packet-length etc.
- the first packet header is partially modified from the header of the PES packet, the second and subsequent packet headers are partially modified, and the private header is defined by the MPEG standard. It is possible to generate a packet header and a private header by inserting it only for the outer stream.
- Step S4204 Once the private header is created, the payload part of the TS packet is simply packed in order from the beginning of the payload part of the PS pack and copied.
- Step S4208 Next, when the copy of the Multiplexing Unit payload data is completed, the byte length of the formed pack is calculated, and it is confirmed whether it is 2048B. If it is already 2048B, the generation of the pack ends. If it is still 2048, the process proceeds to S4209.
- Step S4209 If the pack is not 2048B, the node will be Add an inbound packet to the end of the payload.
- the conversion process is performed from the Multiplexing Unit storing AV data.
- the above processing should be repeated only when Multiplexing Unit is detected until the processing of the specified conversion part of Constrained SESF is completed.
- Figures 65 (a) and 65 (b) illustrate the conversion from Constained SESF to MPEG-PS. As shown in Fig. 65 (a), since one video PES packet is usually larger than 2KB, it is generally divided into multiple Multiplexing Units and multiplexed into Constrained SESF.
- the last Multiplexing Unit that stores the data of one video PES packet can make up one complete Multiplexing Unit by making up the extra data amount with the Adaptation field and the NULL packet.
- the Multiplexing Units constituting one video PES packet can be classified into the following three types. [0437] The first Multiplexing Unit (MU # 1 in the figure) that stores the first data of the PES packet and the Multiplexing Unit (MU #n in the figure) that stores the data in the middle of the PES packet
- MU # N Multiplexing Unit
- each pack of MPEG-2 PS stream converted to TS2PS is
- Packs converted from MU # 1 always have a space of 10 bytes or more when the pack is generated, so the padding packet is inserted last.
- stuffing bytes (the last field of the packet header) are added to 2048 bytes when the pack has 7 bytes or less, and padding packets are added when 8 bytes or more are available. This is because it has become a rule to purchase.
- MU # n force converted packs are composed by adding 1 byte of stuffing.
- a pack converted from MU # N usually has a free space larger than 8 bytes in the pack configuration, and a padding packet is inserted.
- Figures 66 (a) and (b) illustrate the conversion from Constained SESF to MPEG-PS. As shown in Fig. 66 (a), one audio PES packet (which stores one or more audio frames) is smaller than one Multiplexing Unit.
- stream_id is set appropriately when converting MPEG1-Audio, and a private header for AC_3 is generated. It is only a simple process to the extent that it does.
- transferring an audio Multiplexing Unit in a short time means increasing the audio transfer rate, which is a major difference between T-STD and P-STD. This reduces the difference in the allowable input rate.
- it has the great advantage of facilitating the generation of a Constrained SESF that must conform to the two decoder models.
- Figure 67 shows the bit rate of each audio allowed by Constrained SESF, and the maximum payload length stored in one audio PES packet when AC-3 and MPEG1-Audio are stored for each. . Data capacity greater than the byte length shown here Audio PES packets are not stored, so padding packets are always inserted.
- An integer number of PES packets including an integer number of audio frames may be stored in an integer number of Multiplexing Units to increase the amount of data stored in the converted MPEG-PS pack and be multiplexed efficiently. . In this case, however, the PTS operation at the time of conversion becomes a problem.
- the DVD standard stipulates that the PTS of the first audio frame starting in the PES packet is described as the PTS in the audio PES packet header.
- the first complete audio frame in the Multplexing Unit is the first audio frame in the payload of the PES packet in the Multplexing Unit (that is, the audio frame in which the PTS is always described). It is effective. Therefore, the Constrained SESF according to the present invention stipulates that “the complete audio frame that starts first in the Multplexing Unit is the first audio frame in the payload of the PES packet in the Multplexing Unit”. . Note that this rule may be that “the audio frame that starts with the first byte in the Multplexing Unit is the first audio frame in the payload of the PES packet in the Mult iplexing Unit”. Since the restriction by this specification is one of the restrictions of Constrained SESF, it can be determined whether or not the above specification is satisfied by referring to the encode_condition flag.
- Figure 85 shows MPEG-T formatted with Constrained SESF that satisfies the above requirements.
- the PES packet headers of PES sockets 41 1, 412, and 413 respectively include the first audio frame in the audio frames included in each PES packet 41 1, 412, and 413 (
- PTS # 1, PTS # 5, PTS # 8 Contains PTS values (PTS # 1, PTS # 5, PTS # 8) for AF # 1, AF # 5, AF # 8).
- the first Multplexing Unit (401) includes all the data of the PES packet 41 1 and the data up to the middle of the PES packet 412.
- the first complete audio frame in that Multplexing Unit (401) is audio frame # 1, which is the first audio frame in the payload of PES socket 41 1 It meets the above requirements.
- the first complete audio frame in the Multplexing Unit (402) is Audio Frame # 8, which is the first in the payload of the PES packet 413. It is an audio frame and meets the above requirements.
- the Multplexing Unit (402) is a force S that contains the second half of audio frame # 7 immediately after the PES packet header, Since it is part of the frame and not a complete audio frame, it is not a condition for considering the above provisions.
- the PES packet header of the PES packet 411 included in the first Multplexing Unit (401) contains the PTS value (PTS value of the first complete audio frame # 1 in the following audio frame (AF)). # 1) is included.
- the second Multplexing Unit (402) contains the PTS value (PTS # 8) of the first complete audio frame # 8 in the following audio frame (AF).
- the PES packet header in the destination MPEG-PS is stored in the PES packet header included in the Multplexing Unit (402)
- the PTS value (PTS # 8) to be used is copied as it is. In this way, the process of simply copying the PTS value as it is during PS2TS conversion is simplified.
- Fig. 86 shows an example satisfying the above rules.
- a PES packet 416 includes an I picture, and a PTS value (PTS # 2) of an I picture is stored in the PES packet header.
- the PES packet 416 is arranged at the head of the Multplexing Unit (404).
- the PTS value (PTS # 2) stored in the PES packet header 421 indicates the I picture immediately after that.
- the Multplexing Unit (403) stores the P picture contained in the payload of the PES packet 415 and inserts a NULL packet into the remaining part to align the I picture to the next Multplexing Unit (404). ing.
- FIG. 68 is a flowchart showing the main processing of TS2PS conversion. This process is started when the user makes a TS2PS conversion request. First, seek the first SESF Capsule to start conversion (S11). Then, it is determined whether there is a SESF Capsule to be processed (S12). If there is a SESF Capsule, the process is terminated. If there is a SESF Capsule, initialization processing (S13) and capsule unit processing (S14) are performed.
- the initialization process (S13) will be described using the flowchart of FIG.
- the variables used for the subsequent processing are set and initialized.
- the variable MU—num that specifies the number of the Multiplexing Unit being processed is set to 0 (S25).
- a variable WA indicating the number of times the ATS is changed is set to 0 (S26).
- Capsule unit processing (S14) will be described using the flowchart of FIG.
- One TS packet is read (S31). It is determined whether the read TS palette is a Tip packet (S32). If it is a Tip packet, the process ends. If it is not a Tip packet, it is determined whether the read TS packet is an audio packet or a video packet (S33). If the read TS packet is not an audio packet or video packet, the process returns to step S31, and the TS packets are read sequentially until the read TS packet becomes an audio packet or video packet (S31 to S33). If the read TS packet is an audio packet or a video packet, the next 10 TS packets are read (S34).
- MU_num is incremented (S35).
- the ATS value of the first TS packet of the Multiplexing Unit is stored in the variable ATS [MU_num] (S36).
- the byte length of the payload data of the PES packet stored in the Multiplexing Unit is set to payload_len (S37). Then, pack unit processing is performed (S38).
- the SCR value of the pack is obtained.
- MU_num it is determined whether or not it is the first Multiplexing Unit in the Cup sule. If it is the first, the value of variable ATSTip is set to variable ATS [0], and variable SCR [0] The value of the variable PCRTip is substituted for (S51 to S53).
- ATS [MU_num] is compared with ATS [MU_num_1] (S55).
- ATS “i” stores the ATS value of the first packet of the Multiplexing Unit, and this ATS value is a value indicating the relative transfer timing based on a certain packet. Therefore, normally, the ATS value of the later packet is larger than the ATS value of the previous packet. However, since the ATS value is generally a finite value represented by 30 bits, it may cause overflow. In this case, the ATS value of the subsequent packet is smaller than the ATS value of the previous packet.
- step S54 the reversal of this ATS value is observed, and it is determined whether or not an overflow has occurred. If ATS [MU—num] is less than or equal to ATS [MU—num—1], that is, if an overflow occurs, the variable WA is incremented (S55).
- pack header data having the data structure shown in FIG. 60 is edited.
- the remainder of SCR divided by 300 is substituted for SCR_extension (S61).
- the Multiplexing Unit destination It is determined whether or not the first TS packet includes a PES packet header (S73). If the TS packet at the beginning of the Multiplexing Unit includes a PES packet header, the video PES packet head processing is performed (S74). Otherwise, the PES packet non-head processing is performed (S75). Whether the TS packet at the head of the Multiplexing Unit includes a PES packet header is determined by referring to the payload_unit_start_indicator in the TS packet header or directly referring to whether the start code in the PES packet header is stored. To do.
- the value of the stream_id field is set. If the type of stream being processed is “MPEG2—video”, “OxEO” is set to stream-id (S81, S82). If the type of stream being processed is “AC3—audio”, “OxBD” is set to stream—id (S83, S84). When the type of stream being processed is “MPEG1-audio” and “Primary audio”, “OxCO” is set to stream-id (S85, S86, S87). If the type of stream being processed is' MPEGl-audio 'and' Secondary audio ', set "OxCl' to stream-id (S85, S88, S89).
- Fig. 83 is a diagram showing in detail the structure of the PES packet in the MPEG standard. In this process, each field is edited according to the structure of the figure.
- a temporary value (“0x000001E007EC800001FF" is set in the PES packet header (S111). (2025—payload one len) value force S 1 and 8 force half-IJ is determined (S 112).
- step S 116 it is determined whether or not the value of (2025—payload—len) is 8 or more. If it is equal to or greater than 8, PES-header-data-length is set to 0 (S117), and PES-packet-length is set to the value calculated by the following equation (SI18).
- PES_extension_flag force is 1 "(S183).
- PES_extension_flag force is ⁇
- P_STD_buffer_flag is set to 1 (S184). If the audio data is AC-3 audio? (S 185) If AC_3 audio, set 2 bytes following PES extension flag_ 2 to a predetermined value ("0x603A") (S186). If it is not AC-3 audio, 2 bytes following PES-extension-flag-2 are set to a predetermined value ("0x4020”) (S187).
- Audio PES packet non-head processing will be described with reference to FIG.
- stream_id is “OxBDx”, ie, whether the audio data is AC-3 audio or not is determined (S191). If stream_id is “OxBD ⁇ ”, a temporary value “0x000001BD0000800004FFFFFF” is set in the PES packet header. Set (S192). Then, the value calculated by the following equation is set in P ES_packet_length (S193).
- the stream_id force is not ⁇ OxBD ⁇
- PES_packet_length 2028 (S131). If PES_packet_lenghth is not 2028, ⁇ (2028-PES_packet_length) —6 ⁇ is set in PES_packet_length of the padding packet (S132). A padding packet is added after the payload (S133).
- the PTS described in the converted MPEG-2 PES packet is Multiple. It can be set by referring to the PES packet header that appears first in the xing unit. (See Fig. 85 and Fig. 86)
- the pack header (SCR) is described to be generated at the time of TS2PS conversion.
- the pack header may be stored in advance in the PES packet header stored in MPEG-TS.
- pack_header_field_flag lb in the PES packet header
- the pack header after TS2PS conversion is stored in the PES packet header
- the data stored in the same pack as the pack header is a predetermined rule from the TS packet. Even if data stored in TS packets (for example, a predetermined number) is stored in the pack, it is acceptable.
- the video field (P1) that is the top field and is displayed last in the last complete SESF Capsule may be the bottom field.
- Figure 87 (b) shows a case where this rule is not satisfied.
- the video picture (Pf) displayed first in the first complete SESF Capsule is the bottom field, and the last complete SESF Capsule.
- the above constraint is one of the limitations of Constrained SESF, so encode conditio
- n flag it can be determined whether or not the above constraints are satisfied. That is, by referring to this flag, the first displayed video picture in the first complete SES F Capsule is the top field and the last complete SESF Capsule in one continuous STC interval. It can be determined whether or not the video picture to be displayed last is the bottom field.
- Figure 88 is a flowchart of the recording process in Constrained SESF with the above restrictions.
- time map information is sequentially added each time a SESF Capsule is completed (S205). It is determined whether or not the recording is finished (S206). If the recording is finished, a recording end process is performed (S207). Steps S203 and S205 are repeated until finished.
- encode-condition force ⁇ l lb "Power I / O force is cut in half (S211).
- encode_coiiditioii force S" l ib " the last picture displayed in the last complete SESF Capsule is the bottom picture. If it is not the bottom picture, a new SESF is created or the currently encoded SESF is completed and encoded so that the last ends with the bottom picture (S213).
- generate the last SESF Capsule that satisfies the requirements of encode one condition force S ⁇ l lb ⁇ and satisfies encode one condition force S ⁇ 01b ⁇ (stops encoding) (S 214 ).
- FIG. 90 shows a case where VOB # 1 and VOB # 2 specified by Cell # 1 and Cell # 2 are seamlessly connected.
- Various techniques have been proposed for seamless connection (see, for example, US Pat. No. 5,923,869).
- the BD (Blue-ray Disc) standard which is the next-generation recording medium standard, describes the connection relationship between the cells that make up the PGC and the cells that are played back before that cell. is doing.
- Cell # 2 shown in FIG. 90 includes information (hereinafter referred to as “connection information”) indicating the connection relationship with Cell # 1 reproduced before that.
- This connection information is connection-condition and is stored in the VOB management information (VOBI).
- connection The value of condition is set as follows:
- connection_condition 3 forces and 4
- connection_condition of Cell #l since the connection_condition of Cell #l is 1, it means that Cell # 1 is not seamlessly connected to the immediately preceding Cell, while ⁇ 611 # 2 00 11 ⁇ 2 1 ⁇ _ (0 01 Since ⁇ 1011 is 4, it means that Cell # 2 is seamlessly connected to the immediately preceding Cell # 1.
- the TS2PS conversion target section including the seamless connection point is completely SESF.
- Capsule It must be composed of Capsule. In other words, at least immediately after the seamless connection point, it is necessary to be at the head of the SESF Capsule. In other words, as shown in FIG. 90, immediately after the seamless connection point X, it is necessary to start with a Tip packet 303 which is a packet indicating the head of the Capsule. In this way, by starting at the beginning of the Capsule immediately after the seamless connection point, video playback from immediately after the seamless connection point becomes possible. Another requirement is that a complete SESF Capsule must end immediately before the seamless connection point.
- the bridge VOB is a VOB that is generated by extracting the first half and the second half of the bridge VOB from the preceding VOB and the subsequent VOB that are seamlessly connected and re-encoding them so that they can be played back continuously.
- Seamless connection via a bridge VOB is disclosed in, for example, US Patent Publication No. 2002-90197.
- PGC # 1 reproduces VOB #l and VOB # 2 through the following reproduction path. Play from Start—SPN1 of VOB # 1 (301) to exit—to—Bridge—SPN, then play bridge VOB (304) from start to finish, and finally turn_from_Bridge_SPN force of VOB # 2 (302) , END_SPN2 (the position that becomes End_PTM2 by the time map) is played. Note that Start_SPNl, exit_to_Bridge_SPN, return_from_Bridge_SPN,... Indicate the address of the TS packet. This information is recorded in VOBI, which is VB management information.
- VOB # 1 (301) is Capsulel _ :! ⁇ Consists of four Capsule of Capsulel_4,
- VOB # 2 (302) is composed of four Capsules of Capsule2 _ :! ⁇ Capsule2_4.
- the bridge VOB 304 includes Capsulel_3, Capsulel-4 ', Cap sule2_l', and Capsule2_2 '.
- the first half of the bridge VOB 304 that is, Capsulel-3 and Capsulel-4 'are generated from Capsulel-3 and 1-4 of the front VOB 301 to be seamlessly connected.
- the latter half of the bridge VOB 304 that is, Capsule2-l and Capsule2-2, is generated from Capsule2-l, 2-2 of the rear VOB 302 that is seamlessly connected.
- a VOB is composed of units called "aligned units".
- One aligned unit contains 32 source packets that are a combination of ATS and TS packets, and its size is 6 KB.
- VOB # l ( 301) Capsulel-3 and Capsulel-4 belonging to VOB # 2 (302), and Capsule 2-1 and Capsule2-2-2 belonging to VOB # 2 (302).
- VOB304 is composed of Capsule 1-4 'and Capsule2-1' There is a discontinuity between STC time axis and ATS time axis.
- the last Capsule2_2 'of the bridge VOB304 is 0.4 to: 1.2 seconds as the last complete SESF Capsule Have a playback time of
- Capsule2—2 ′ to the DVD standard format
- after converting it on V0 B of the DVD converted from Capsule2_l ′, 2_2 ′, 2—3, 2—4 Capsule2—2 'playback time exceeding 1.0 seconds requires re-encoding, which is inconsistent with the DVD standard.
- the playback time of the last Capsule 2—2 ′ (that is, the Capsule including the last TS packet of the bridge VOB 304) in the bridge VOB 304 must be not less than 0.4 seconds and not more than 1 second. This is true even if the last Capsule is not a complete Capsule in Bridge VOB304.
- the last Capsule2—2 'at the end of the bridge VOB304 is a complete Capsule
- the last Capsule recorded in the bridge VOB304 is the first half
- the Capsule recorded in VOB # 2 (302) starting from the second half is stored in a separate file, but the video playback time of one logically complete Capsule must be at least 0.4 seconds and within 1 second.
- the playback time of the first Capsulel—3 of the bridge VOB304 (that is, the Capsule including the first TS packet of the bridge VOB304) is 0.4 seconds or more in order to be compatible with the DVD standard. Must be within 1 second.
- the last Capsulel_2 of VOB # 1 on the front side in the seamless connection needs to be a complete Capsule. This is a high-speed conversion that eliminates the loss of AV information in the vicinity of seamless connection when TS2 PS conversion is performed on the front side V ⁇ B that is seamlessly connected. This is to make it possible.
- a Capsule starts with a Tip packet (ie, the presence of a Tip packet means the beginning of a Capsule).
- Capsule contains one or more GOPs.
- Each audio stream and video stream is completed in Capsule.
- Each stream begins with the first byte of the access unit in the Capsule and ends with the last byte of the access unit.
- the transfer end time of the Nth VOBU converted from the Nth Capsule is N + converted from the N + 1 Capsule. (This is a restriction to ensure that it is before the first VOBU transfer start time.)
- the difference in arrival time between the Tip packet and the subsequent and first packet containing the audio or video stream must be at least 43886/27 Msec.
- Navi Pack (DVD-Video) or RDI Pack (DVD_VR) can be attached at the beginning of the VOBU. Power Guarantee that there is enough time to insert this Pack. It is a restriction to do.)
- the playback time of Capsule video data is between 0.4 seconds and 1.0 seconds.
- the playback time of the last complete SESF Capsule video data in a continuous STC sequence is within 1.0 seconds when the encode_condition is 01b, and 0.4 seconds when the encode_condition is l ib. 1. Within 2 seconds.
- the playback time of Capsule2_2 'including the last TS packet of bridge VOB304 is a complete Cap sule in order to realize fast conversion to DVD-VR. Regardless of whether it is 0.4 or more, it must be within 1 second.
- the playback time of Capsulel-3 including the first TS packet of Bridge VOB304 must also be 0.4 seconds or more and within 1 second in order to realize high-speed conversion to DVD-VR. .
- Capsulel _4 immediately before the seamless connection point (the video playback time is 1.0 seconds or less because it is the last complete Capsule of the STC sequence) and Capsule2_l 'immediately after the seamless connection point must be complete Capsule. Is required. If these conditions are satisfied, the DVD standard can be satisfied without re-encoding when converting the format to C-SESF M PEG2-PS.
- each audio sample having the playback time of the seamless playback time tc is the power of each of the two VOBs to be connected. It must be encoded so that it is included (ie, there is no audio gap).
- the audio gap including the seamless playback time tc must be encoded.
- the overlapping audio frames a6 and a7 are deleted, and the audio frame a5 is continuous so that there is no audio gap.
- the playback time of audio frame a8 and subsequent audio frames is uniformly shifted, it is necessary to separately process all the PTSs of the audio packs including those audio frames by (t4_t3).
- the PTS of the audio pack may be appropriately shifted so as to eliminate the overlap without deleting the overlapping audio frames.
- Audio frames are handled as described above when converting the format from the BD standard to the DVD standard (TS2PS conversion), but conversely, when converting the format from the DVD standard to the BD standard, close to the seamless connection point. Existing audio gaps need to be converted to overlap.
- VOB audio data that is seamlessly connected during video seamless connection lj (in Fig. 94, Ijtc) (for example, audio frames a6 and a7 in Fig. 94).
- the added audio frame may be an audio frame that gives silence.
- the number of audio frames added is limited to a maximum of one frame for both the preceding VOB and the succeeding VOB. This is because the audio gap in the DVD standard has a time length of one frame or less, so adding one frame ensures that both VOBs that are seamlessly connected have audio data at seamless connection time tc. This is because it can be guaranteed. If VB already has audio data at time tc, there is no need to add an audio frame to that VOB.
- NV_PCK (Navipack) at the beginning of each V0B sets SCR to 0. It has been forced. This is because each VOB always starts to be supplied to the decoder (system target decoder) from the value 0 on the MPEG STC time axis. In recording standards where editing such as partial deletion of the front is assumed, there is no such guarantee, so a predetermined amount of offset is added to the MPEG time stamp (SCR / PCR, PTS, DTS) during stream conversion. Can be used to start the SCR of the first pack of the converted VOB from 0.
- FIG. 96 illustrates an example in which a front stream including Capsulel and Capsule2 (corresponding to VOB) and a rear stream including Capsule3 and Capsule4 are seamlessly connected.
- Capsulel and Cap sule2 correspond to VOBU1 and VOBU2, respectively
- Capsule3 and Capsule4 correspond to VOBU3 and VOBU4, respectively.
- offset 2 (offset2) used when converting from two VOBs (MPEG2_TS) to one VOB (DVD-Video MPEG2-PS) is set.
- offset 2 (offset2) is an offset for connecting VOBU3 temporally after VOBU2.
- Offset 1 may be any other value (eg, 0).
- offset2 FVFPST3-(FVFPST2-of f set 1 + playback time of all video frames in VOBU2)
- offset 1 is indispensable when converting to MPEG2-PS of DVD-Video, but not essential when converting to MPEG2-PS of DVD-VR.
- offset 2 is mandatory for VOB in the latter half of the conversion of two VOBs into one VOB.
- connection_condition 4
- the presence of an audio frame that overlaps is determined, and if there is an overlap force S, it is deleted (S301). For example, as shown in FIG. 94, audio frames a6 and a7 are deleted. Details of this processing will be described below. [0559]
- the determination for deleting the overlap is preferable because it is easy to perform with the conversion of the stream S.
- the playback end time (t2) of the audio data of the VOB before the seamless connection point tc is obtained.
- the playback end time (t2) is the PTS value (PTSp) of the last audio PES packet of the front VOB that is seamlessly connected, the audio data size (Lpes bit) stored in the payload of the PES packet, It is calculated as follows from the data size (Lfrm bits) of one frame stored in it and the playback time length (Df rm clock in 90KHz units).
- the playback start time (tl) of the VB audio data behind the seamless connection point tc is obtained.
- the playback start time (tl) is the PTS value (PTSs) of the first audio PES packet of the subsequent VB.
- the times tl and t2 are obtained, and if the relationship between t2 and tc and tl is satisfied, it is determined that there is an audio gap, that is, there is no overlap. In this case, an additional process of audio gap is unnecessary, and the conversion process as described above may be performed.
- the two converted VOBs are registered in the management information (PGC) so that they are seamlessly connected (S306).
- PPC management information
- the VOBI connection condition (connection—code) of the VOB on the back side that is seamlessly connected is set to 4, which is seamless connection.
- step S302 if the two VOBs are not separated after conversion (NO in S302), offsets 1 and 2 are derived, and TS2PS conversion is performed while correcting the time stamps using offsets 1 and 2 ( S309).
- TS2PS conversion is completed for two VBs (YES in S310)
- the two converted VOBs are concatenated and registered as one VOB in the management information (PGC) (
- the converted VB is recorded in the continuous area (CDA) of the information recording medium so that it can be continuously reproduced together with the management information (S308), and the process is terminated.
- step S322 the three VOBs including two VOBs that are seamlessly connected and the bridge VOB are separately generated after conversion, or connected to form one VOB. It is determined whether to generate (S329). If the three VOBs are created separately after conversion (YES in S329), the process moves to the process shown in Figure 99. If three VOBs are to be concatenated after conversion (NO in S329), the processing moves to the processing shown in FIG.
- DVD When converting to the video standard (YES in S351), if the VOB to be converted is not a bridge VOB (NO in S352), the offset 1 is derived and the time stamp is corrected with the offset 1. TS2PS conversion of the VOB is performed (S354). If the VOB to be converted is a bridge VOB (YES in S352), offsets 1 and 2 are derived, and the TS2PS conversion of the entire bridge VOB is performed while correcting the time stamp with the offsets 1 and 2 (S353).
- VOB Three VOBs are connected to one VOB (S356). Finally, the converted VB is registered in the management information (PGC) (S357).
- PPC management information
- System stream TS2PS conversion including seamless connection can be executed by the method as described above.
- the user iZF unit 222 in FIG. 20 specifies the conversion section by the user, and the system control unit 212 uses the information of the conversion section to drive 221. Are controlled and executed on the stream on the recording medium 100.
- Figure 101 is a diagram showing an example of connecting two VOBs with different encode_conditions using Bridge-VB.
- Capusle l-4 In order to generate VB, Capusle l-4 must be divided into two Capsules, each containing a GOP of 0 ⁇ 6 seconds (for the DVD VR standard, , Because all Capsule needs to be under 1.0 seconds.) In this case, in fact, it is necessary to create a new Tip packet that stores values that require analysis of elementary streams such as FVFPST, and generation of Bridge-VOB becomes very difficult.
- FIG. 102 shows the TS2PS conversion flow in the section including the Bridge—VOB. 811 (1 ⁇ 6 _ ⁇ 08 and conversion source ⁇ 08 are shown in Fig. 103 (&) as shown in Figure 103, and VOB # 1 and V ⁇ B # 2 replace Bridge _V ⁇ B. Connected through.
- the encode_condition of the Bridge—VOB is 10b, indicating that the first half of the Bridge—VB has been encoded with the same encode_condition as the VOB # 1 of the connection destination. Therefore, if the encode—condition force of the Bridge—VOB is 0b, the encoder_condition of the connected V0B is used, but the connected V0B # 1 and the first half of the Bridge—VOB are It can be recognized as one continuous C—SESF or SESF, which can be converted to PS.
- the encode_condition of the two connected VOBs (VOB # 1 and VOB # 2) can be different. Connected VOB, generate Bridge _V0B with appropriate encoding regardless of encode_condition of V0B # 1 and V0B # 2, and connect VOB # 1 and VOB # 2 It becomes possible.
- Bridge Do not use 10b as the value of encode_condition in a normal VOB that is not a VOB.
- the encode_condition value 10b can only be used by Bridge-VB.
- encode condition 10b This means that the partial stream of the first half and the second half of the Bridge—VOB, which does not represent a fixed encoding feature, is encoded using the same encode-condition as the VOB of each connection destination (Fig. 103). (See (b)).
- MPEG-TS recorded on an information recording medium is multiplexed in units of blocks of 2 KB or less so as to have high compatibility with MPEG-PS, including seamless connection points.
- the ability to convert MPEG-TS to MPEG-PS can be realized very easily without considering buffer management.
- the reverse conversion from MPEG-PS to MPEG-TS is not described, but it can be similarly considered as the reverse of TS2PS conversion.
- an IPS pack is converted into a plurality of consecutive TS packets, the ATS increment of a plurality of consecutive TS packets generated at that time is fixed, and the information is stored on the disk or in the stream. It can also be stored.
- the MPEG-PS clip name program information indicating the contents of the content, etc.
- the menu of the original program name is displayed on the decoder such as STB. And so on.
- the present invention enables easy and high-speed format conversion from the first stream to the second stream. In particular, even for seamlessly connected streams, format conversion is possible while maintaining the seamless playback function. And Therefore, the present invention can be applied to an information recording apparatus having a function of converting a format from a first stream (for example, MPEG transport stream) to a second stream (for example, MPE G program stream).
- a first stream for example, MPEG transport stream
- a second stream for example, MPE G program stream
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JP2003228922A (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-08-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 情報記録媒体、情報記録媒体に情報を記録する装置及び方法 |
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JP2003228922A (ja) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-08-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 情報記録媒体、情報記録媒体に情報を記録する装置及び方法 |
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