WO2006061663A1

WO2006061663A1 - Double-row internal combustion engine, with wobble yoke mechanism

Info

Publication number: WO2006061663A1
Application number: PCT/GE2005/000002
Authority: WO
Inventors: Vakhtang Torotadze; Teimuraz Taniashvili
Original assignee: Vakhtang Torotadze; Teimuraz Taniashvili
Priority date: 2004-12-06
Filing date: 2005-04-27
Publication date: 2006-06-15
Also published as: GEP20074057B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engine-building. In accordance with the invention an engine comprises a body (1) with four cylinders (4) , which are double-row installed, along axes (5) of which pistons (6) are in a reciprocal motion. The pistons (6) by means of rods (7) hindedly engage with yoke (15), which is hingedly installed in the body (1) with a possibility of rocking. The yoke (15), in turn, is hingedly connected to a wobbler (12) , which is installed by means of bearing (11) on a main shaft (12) of the engine with an inclination with respect to its rotary axis (3). When looking at the engine cutting, which is perpendicularly carried out with respect to the rotary axis (3) of the main shaft (2), a medium point of each hinge, providing with an engagement of the yoke (15) with the wobbler (12), is placed in an angle sector, which is formed between medium points of the hinges, providing with the engagement of the yoke (15) with rods (7). In case of the invention realization in accordance with one of its embodiments a connection of the yoke with the wobbler is accomplished by means of spherical of cardan hinge, and it gives a capability to move the yoke with respect to an oscillating center (13) of the wobbler, and it, in turn, provides with a capability of compression ratio change in the engine cylinders (4). In case of the invention realization in accordance with another its embodiment the main shaft (2) of the engine and the wobble-yoke unit are replaced out of zone of placing the cylinders (4) with an installation in the same or additional body formation, and the yoke is designed with an elongated axis of rocking and is provided with a rocker, which is connected with the pistons or with joint rods.

Description

Double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism

Technical Field

Claimed inventions, united with common invention idea, concern to field of machine building, more particularly - engine building, and can be applied in motor vehicles, motorcycle, other transports, aviation, marine ships, agriculture technique, generators, compressors, pumps, consumer service equipment and, as power sets, in other objects.

Background Art

There are known internal combustion engines and piston machinery with constant stroke of pistons, besides, various types of mechanisms, with inclined bell crank (wobbler) for them (patents: US2387908, US3276276, US3263513,

US2258138, US1816274, US2251543, US2009495, US4815327, GB190704612).

Wobble mechanisms, applied there, transforming reciprocating movement to rotary one (or conversely) in comparison with traditional crank-connecting rod mechanisms, have such advantage, that they give possibility to install on rolling bearings (and not only plane ones) both main shaft in a body and connecting rods on them. Their advantage also is, that during functioning, deflections of connecting rods are not significant and almost do not cause lateral pressure forces in cylinders. That all simplifies traditional engines construction, reduces requirements in expensive lubricating oil quality, pressure energy expenses and their feed intensity, increases efficiency, durability and resource by reducing of friction losses.

Their deficiency is such, that when working by 4-cycle principle, they demand not less than 5 cylinders and pistons, placed by circle, when rotating main shaft, continuos torque to be obtained. Besides, cylinder and, correspondingly, pistons, must be placed parallel with main axis of engine and there is no possibility of another arrangement, for example, perpendicularly or placed constructively with inclination to main shaft.

Most similar to first variant of declared invention (first independent item of Claims) by its essential signs, is wobble-yoke assembly by patent of USA, US5630351, chosen as prototype, intended for internal combustion engine. That includes two wobblers, installed on main shaft, with inclination to rotary axis, two yokes, engaged by hinges with them, sat on rock axis, installed in body of engine, in their turn, hinge engaging or hooking with reciprocating pistons, in two, or with rods, connected with pistons.

First variant of declaring invention and the prototype have following similar essential signs: includes installed on main shaft of engine with inclination to its rotary axis and yoke, engaged by hinges with that, sat on rock axis, installed in body of engine, and connected in its turn with pistons by hinge engaging or hooking, placed, forming combusters, in cylinders of engine, or connected with rods, joint with pistons. The deficiency of prototype is, that it also does not supply functioning of 4- cylinder engine by 4-cycle principle, for, as it known, there sure must be the moment in such engine, when two pistons have to be in upper dead point (end of compression and exhaust) and other two ones - in lower dead point (end of suction and working stroke) to obtain continuos cycle of torque during rotation of main shaft of engine. But wobble-yoke assembly, described in prototype, causes placing of 4 pistons, engaged with yoke so, that if one of them is in upper dead point, its opposite one is in lower dead point, and other two - in the middle of their working stroke. These deficiencies are caused, that engaging hinges of yoke with wobbler and of yoke with pistons or connecting rods are placed on one, common radial line, that is in angular position with oscillating center of wobbler. Another deficiency is such, as there is possibility of only parallel, or with limited angle inclination, placing of pistons concerning main axis of engine, as considerable inclination angle would remove connecting rods, creating as result, considerable and undesirable lateral loads on pistons. That is, no possibility of engine design with another arrangement, for example to place cylinders with right or another angle of inclination with main axis. And that is considerable deficiency, for example in the case of application in vehicles engines. Also, the deficiency is, that four cylinders functioning requires in twos wobbles and yokes.

There are known also internal combustion engines with wobble devices and with constant or variable (controlled or self-regulated) compression ratio and pistons stroke (see patents: EP0035867, EP0081205, US4100815, US4433596, US2812664, US4066049, DE2107729 and application WO9002247).

There, by change of wobble oscillating angle and removing of its oscillating center along main shaft is supplied the change of engaged pistons stroke and accordingly, displacement volume with synchronous keeping, or change by necessity, of compression ratio.

The deficiency of all of them also is, that if engine functions by 4-cycle principle, they demand not less then 5 cylinders and pistons, placed by circle, to be provided with continuous torque during rotation of main shaft. Besides, it's needed cylinders and accordingly pistons, to be placed parallel by main shaft of engine, and do not give possibility to design engines by another arrangement, for example, with perpendicular or inclined constructive placing of cylinders to main axis. Most similar to second variant of invention (third independent item of Claims) by its purpose and essential basis is engine with variable pistons stroke, by German patent DE3420529, chosen as prototype. There is provided for piston stroke control, regulating or self-regulating (accordingly torque, load on engine) possibility, and at the same time, keeping (or change in accordance with variable piston stroke) compression in combusters and by wobbler, engaged with pistons, oscillating angle change, and by means of displacement of its oscillating center on main shaft, that is along that.

Second variant of declaring invention and prototype have following similar essential signs: contain wobbler, installed on main shaft of engine with inclination to its rotary axis and yoke, engaged by hinges with that, sat on rock axis, installed, with removing possibility, in body of engine, and connected in its turn with pistons by hinge engaging or hooking, placed, forming combusters, in cylinders of engine, or connected with rods, joint with pistons, and mechanism of yoke rock axis removing, and flexible unit, installed with possibility to interact with that in body of engine.

The deficiency of prototype is, when engines function by 4-cycle principle, they demand not less then 5 cylinders and pistons to be provided with continiios torque, when rotating main shaft. Besides, it's needed placing of cylinders and accordingly pistons parallel to main shaft of engine and do not give possibility to design engines with another arrangement, that is with perpendicular or inclined construction placing of cylinders to main axis. These deficiencies are caused, that pistons or connected rods, attached to them, are engaged with wobbler, and because of that it's impossible to place 4 pistons in combusters in necessary for 4- cycle functioning way and installation of cylinders with considerable inclination with rotary axis of main shaft.

For third variant of declaring invention (fifteenth independent item of Claims) which contains main shaft and wobble-yoke unit, replaced out of engine, more correctly, of cylinders placing zone, destined to transform reciprocating movement to rotary one, as analogy and prototype there could not be chosen any construction, more similar by essential basis, but well-known, being applied in cars, internal combustion engine with traditional crank mechanism, with single- row placing of cylinders, V-like or fan-like, perpendicularly with crank shaft. The deficiency of such engines can be considered, that because of their dimensions, in definite case for example, when engineering new models of cars, it's problematic for designer to place engine under a bonnet and obtain desirable shapes. That's caused, that dimension (height) of engine considerably is defined by design and dimensions of crank shaft, placed under pistons, more correctly, crank mechanism. In the case of 8-pistons design, such problem becomes apparently in front wheel drive cars, where engine is installed across the chassis (see for example: Oleg Rastegaev, "V-8 for Volvo", newspaper ,,AUTOREVIEW", NO.21(322), 2004, page 60, Russia). Purpose of Invention

The purpose of declared inventions, united with common invention idea, is the realization of engines functioning by 4-cycle principle with constant or variable combusters volume, with wobble mechanisms, even with 4-cylinder design. A providing of engine construction design with two-row placed pistons by main shaft rotation axis both parallel and perpendicularly or with any acceptable, for concrete application, angle of inclination. Engine dimensions lessening and optimization of shape with creating of possibility to design engine with double- row and interparallel placing of cylinders, also by means of possibility to replace wobble-yoke mechanism, transforming reciprocating movement of pistons, and main shaft from cylinders placing zone on desirable distance. That is, to provide engines with universal design possibility and broadening of sphere of application. Besides, the purpose is also to create possibility to settle desirable volume by means of volume change in combusters (pistons stroke) with control or self- regulating, also, to display and control that process.

Invention Disclosure

Set problem by first variant of declared invention is solved, that in double-row engine with wobble-yoke mechanism, containing at least one wobbler, installed on main shaft of engine with inclination to its rotary axis and at least one yoke, engaged by hinges with that, sat on rock axis, installed in body of engine, and connected in its turn with pistons by hinge engaging or hooking, placed, forming combusters, in double-row situated cylinders of engine, or connected with rods, joint with pistons, - when looking at perpendicular cutting of main shaft rotary axis, medium point of every engaging hinge of yoke with wobbler is placed in angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods; medium point of every engaging hinge of yoke with wobbler is placed in the middle of angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods; every yoke are connected with four pistons, or rods, engaged with them, placed on two on different sides of its rock axis, interparallelly with their own axisses and tangentially to circle, circumscribed around main shaft axis. First variant, correspondingly to its prototype, has following essential and distinctive sings: when looking at perpendicular cutting of main shaft rotary axis, medium point of every engaging hinge of yoke with wobbler is placed in angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods; medium point of every engaging hinge of yoke with wobbler is placed in the middle of angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods; every yoke are connected with four pistons, or rods, engaged with them, placed on two on different sides of its rock axis, interparallelly with their own axisses and tangentially to circle, circumscribed around main shaft axis. There is following cause and effect between distinctive signs and obtaining results. Unlike prototype, where yoke engaging hinges, with wobbler and engaging hinges with pistons or rods, were placed by the same radial line, in proposed construction, every hinge of wobbler engaging with yoke placed in angle sector (best design - in the middle of the sector), formed between engaging hinges of yoke and pistons or rods. That is, pistons are engaged with yokes in such points, that there is created moment, when 4-cylinder designing of engine, two pistons are in upper dead point of their stroke, and rest two - in lower dead point. With such installation the engine can function by classic scheme - 4-cycle principle. At the same time, as well as in prototype, cylinders and pistons are placed around wobbler oscillation center as it is, not only parallel to main shaft axis or, constructively with limited angel of inclination, but with any angle from zero to right one. And in the case of perpendicular placing there are turned out four cylinders, interparallel with their axis' s and tangentially to circumscribed circle around main shaft, that is "double-row" (not V-like) design. That provides engine with compactness and comfort for employment and service, especially for cars both with back - and frontal wheel drive, or when engine placing in other way, for example in the middle of base. As result, when designing engine 8- cylinder and "double-row", its length is equal to single-row 4-cylinder engine's one, that is less than length of 8-cylinder, even V-like engine, as in last one cylinders are replaced along crankshaft, but in proposed construction it is not needed and cylinders are installed in couples side by side with each other. Transversal dimension of engine with proposed "double row" installation is not more than that one of installed under pistons mechanism, for example, crank mechanisms transversal dimension, and in comparison with V-like - considerably less.

Set problem by second variant of declared invention is solved, that in double- row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism and constant or variable compression ratio and stroke of pistons, containing at least one wobbler, installed on main shaft of engine with inclination to its rotary axis and at least one yoke, engaged by hinges with that, sat on rock axis, installed, with removing possibility, in body of engine, and connected in its turn with pistons by hinge engaging or hooking, placed, foπning combusters, in double-row situated cylinders of engine, or connected with rods, joint with pistons, mechanism of yoke rock axis removing, and can contain, installed with possibility to interact with that and in body of engine, flexible unit, - directly with pistons or rods, engaged with them, is connected yoke, hooked with spherical or cardan hinge, fixed or designed on wobbler, and with possibility to be removed on or in that and from oscillation center of wobbler, at the same time, when looking at perpendicular cutting of main shaft rotary axis, medium point of spherical or cardan hinge is placed in angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods, and if designing engine with constructively not parallel situation of cylinders axisses to main shaft rotary axis, yoke rock axis is installed in body with possibility to be removed from main shaft rotary axis; Every yoke are connected with four pistons, or rods, engaged with them, placed on two on different sides of its rock axis, interparalleHy with their own axisses and tangentially to circle, circumscribed around main shaft axis; Medium point of spherical or cardan hinge is placed in the middle of angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods; Mechanism of yoke rock axis removing contains eccentrical axis or lever, installed in the body with possibility of controlled turning or rocking, and rock axis is installed on that; Removing mechanism of yoke rock axis is supplied with controlled lock, like as for example, electromagnet or/and tooth type coupling; It is supplied with unit or device for measuring of yoke rock axis removing, that is, pistons stroke and consequently, displacement volume and compression, and signal translation for display and control; Yoke rock axis removing mechanism contains controlled drive, connected with eccentrical axis or lever, like as for example worm gearing and/or gear transmission or hydrocylinder, and correspondingly, electric motor or electric pump; Yoke rock axis removing mechanism contains eccentrical axis or lever, installed in body with possibility of turning or swinging and interacting with flexible unit, and yoke rock axis is installed on that; Flexible unit is installed in such way, that flexibility force or its component is oriented in the direction, needed to lessen yoke rock amplitude, and consequently - pistons stroke, by means of yoke rock axis removing from main shaft rotary axis, and of yoke - on spherical or cardan hinge, or in that one; Eccentrical axis or lever is connected with accelerator of engine; It is supplied with dumper, connected with yoke rock axis; Dumper is designed as cylinder assembly and/or with throttle openings, and is put in oil bath, being in engine.

Second variant, correspondingly to its prototype, has following essential and distinctive sings: Directly with pistons or rods, engaged with them, is connected yoke, hooked with spherical or cardan hinge, fixed or designed on wobbler, and with possibility to be removed on or in that and from oscillation center of wobbler, at the same time, when looking at perpendicular cutting of main shaft rotary axis, medium point of spherical or cardan hinge is placed in angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods, and if designing engine with constructively not parallel situation of cylinders axisses to main shaft rotary axis, yoke roll axis is installed in body with possibility to be removed from main shaft rotary axis; Every yoke are connected with four pistons, or rods, engaged with them, placed on two on different sides of its rock axis, interparallelly with their own axisses and tangentially to circle, circumscribed around main shaft axis; Medium point of spherical or cardan hinge is placed in the middle of angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods; Mechanism of yoke rock axis removing contains eccentrical axis or lever, installed in the body with possibility of controlled turning or rocking, and rock axis is installed on that; Removing mechanism of yoke rock axis is supplied with controlled lock, like as for example, electromagnet or/and tooth type coupling; It is supplied with unit or device for measuring of yoke rock axis removing, that is, pistons stroke and consequently, displacement volume and compression, and signal translation for display and control; Yoke rock axis removing mechanism contains controlled drive, connected with eccentrical axis or lever, like as for example worm gearing and/or gear transmission or hydrocylinder, and correspondingly, electric motor or electric pump; Yoke rock axis removing mechanism contains eccentrical axis or lever, installed in body with possibility of turning or swinging and interacting with flexible unit, and yoke rock axis is installed on that; Flexible unit is installed in such way, that flexibility force or its component is oriented in the direction, needed to lessen yoke rock amplitude, and consequently - pistons stroke, by means of yoke rock axis removing from main shaft rotary axis, and of yoke - on spherical or cardan hinge, or in that one; Eccentrical axis or lever is connected with accelerator of engine; It is supplied with dumper, connected with yoke rock axis; Dumper is designed as cylinder assembly and/or with throttle openings, and is put in oil bath, being in engine.

Pistons (or engaged rods) are connected not with wobbler, but with yoke, unlike the prototype, and cause and effect connection between distinctive signs and obtaining results is described partly in first variant of invention. Cause and effect connection between distinctive signs of second variant of invention and obtaining result consists of the following. By means of replacing of only one construction element - yoke rock axis, from main shaft rotary axis is provided with changing of piston stroke size (that is function volume of engine) and at the same time, keeping of compression in combuster (to prevent untime detonation in combusters) or, if necessary, it's changing. It's obtained that, when rock axis, that is yoke wholly, and complete of engaged pistons replacing, by possibility, given with construction design of yoke engaging with wobbler of spherical or cardan hinge, there will be changed the arm, with which the yoke oscillates wobbler (or in backward). In conditions of stability of wobbler oscillation angle and spherical or cardan hinge radius situation, there is changing of wobbler oscillation angle, that is, amplitude, which defines piston stroke. Thus, there take place simultaneously both, changing of piston stroke and keeping (or changing) of compression. At the same time, installation of yoke rock axis on eccentric axis (or lever) placed in body with possibility of turning, gives possibility of simple handling by means of electric motor and, for example, worm gearing, or electric pump and hydrocylinder, or directly with accelerator. Changing of piston stroke and compression, at the same time, can be not guided but self-guided, adaptive, set depending on torque, loaded on main shaft. That is attained, that when yoke rock axis or yoke on the whole and engaged with it piston complete are replaced, at the same time yoke rock axis, installed in body, for example on eccentric axis or lever, interacts with flexible support imit, for example spring, and creates its deformation, correspondingly of being in that moment load on engine creating adequate reactive force. There for regulating of pistons stroke, that is function volume (power) and compression takes place without influence from outside and in the dependence of applied, in that moment, torque on main shaft. Prevention of influence of shock load on engine on functioning of engine and smooth, without vibration and shocks self regulating of pistons stroke is provided with dumper- engaged with yoke rock axis, and using oil, being in body (case) of engine. Setting on desirable quantity engine combusters functioning volume, and not regulating, is provided with controlled lock, which fixes, in needed position, yoke rock axis, or eccentric axis or lever, which is installed on that. With removing of yoke rock axis from main shaft axis, that is its situation in body, is defined pistons stroke size, that is function volume and compression. That's why, with defining (measuring) of this placing and transmitting, is created possibility to control functioning of engine by operator or by means of computer.

Set problem by third variant of declared invention is solved, that in doublerow internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism and constant or variable compression ratio and stroke of pistons, containing wobbler, installed on main shaft of engine with inclination to its rotary axis and yoke, engaged by hinges with that, sat on rock axis, installed, with removing possibility or without that, in body of engine, and comiected with pistons by hinge engaging or hooking, placed, forming combusters, in double-row situated cylinders of engine, or connected with rods, joint with pistons, - main shaft of engine and wobble-yoke unit are replaced out of cylinders placing zone with installation in the same or additional body formation, yoke is designed with accordingly elongated rock axis and supplied with rocker, connected with pistons or joint rods.

Third variant, correspondingly to its prototype, has following essential and distinctive sings: main shaft of engine and wobble-yoke unit are replaced out of cylinders placing zone with installation in the same or additional body formation, yoke is designed with accordingly elongated rock axis and supplied with rocker, comiected with pistons or joint rods.

There is following cause and effect between distinctive signs and obtaining results. Since pistons reciprocating moving is transformed firstly in yoke rocking movement and only after that, in rotating one, because of that, there has been created possibility of constructive lengthening of yoke rock axis and removing out on desirable (for example in accordance with car design) distance wobble-yoke mechanism, transforming rocking movement in rotating one, out of engine, more correctly-cylinders placing zone. And under pistons is situated only rocker, connected with them or engaged with rods, which requires less place in height (when height is taken along cylinders axis). As result, suggested engines height, on accounts of possibility to design wobble-yoke mechanism main shaft being placed out, when under pistons remains only rocker, is decreased considerably and becomes comfortable for application.

Declared invention are united with common invention idea and obtain the solution of common problem, proceeding from that, here is kept inventions unity principle.

Suggested whole complex of essential signs, by being information, which authors have, is unknown in accordance with level of technique, proceeding from that, declared inventions correspond to criteria a "Novelty". The whole complex of essential signs, suggested with declared inventions, does not follow obviously from level of technique, and only suggested unity of essential signs gives possibility to obtain new technical result. Proceeding from that, declared inventions correspond to criteria "Inventive level".

The Preferred Embodiments of the Invention

The essence of declared inventions is represented with graphic material, were are shown: Figure 1 - double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism (first variant of invention), with placing of pistons axis's parallel to main shaft;

Figure 2 - cutting A-A on figure 1;

Figure 3 - double-row internal pombustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism (first variant of invention) with placing of pistons axis's perpendicularly to main shaft and tangentially to circle, circumscribed around that;

Figure 4 - cutting B-B on figure 3;

Figure 5 - double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism, constant or variable compression and variable (operated) pistons stroke (second variant of invention), with placing of pistons axis's perpendicularly to main shaft and tangentially to circle, circumscribed around that;

Figure 6 - cutting C-C on figure 5; Figure 7 - double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism, constant or variable compression and variable (self-controlled) pistons stroke (second variant of invention), with placing of cylinders axis's with inclination to main shaft and tangentially to circle, circumscribed around that;

Figure 8 - cutting D-D on figure 7; Figure 9 - double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism, constant or variable compression and variable pistons stroke (second variant of invention) - cinematic scheme;

Figure 10 and 11 - schemes of pistons stroke changing with keeping or changing of compression (in accordance with minimal or maximal stroke) in double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism (by second variant of invention);

Figure 12 - cinematic scheme of 8-cylinder internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism (with placing of installation necks at interperpendicular angle), for example with constant stroke of 4 pistons (by first variant of invention) and of 4 pistons - with variable one (by second variant of invention);

Figure 13 - cinematic scheme of double-row internal combustion engine with removed out wobble-yoke mechanism and main shaft, and with constant compression and pistons stroke (third variant of invention); Figure 14 - cinematic scheme of double row internal combustion engine with removed out wobble-yoke mechanism and main shaft, and constant or variable compression and variable pistons stroke (third variant of invention).

Double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism consists of body 1 of cylinders block, which, depending on the angle of axis' s inclination 5 of cylinders 4 concerning to rotary axis 3, installed on radial bearings of main shaft 2, is designed as parallel, inclined or perpendicular. Cylinders 4 are placed interparallel with axisses 5 and of double row. There, with possibility of reciprocal movement, are placed pistons 6. with which are engaged by hinges rods, with installation on axis 8. Designed directly on main shaft 2, or designed on bushing 9, installed on slots inclined neck 1O₅ through own inner ring (or rings) is installed single row, double-sided angular ball bearing 11 with separate inner and or external ring. At the same time, it should be noted, that simple radial or thrust bearing has no ability to stand under acting, in engine, together with high frequency rotation, high angular loads and, in our opinion, only suggesting by us, design of bearing 11 with separate ring, is possible with compact construction, the assembling of bearing 11 with maximal quantity of balls and designing with maximal size of rings side clamps, which gives to bearing Ureal serviceability in engine, wobbler 12 is installed on external ring (rings) of bearing 11, inclined concerning axis 3 of main shaft, that has ring like shape and can be whole or compound. Wobbler 12 can be designed by another construction shape, also wholly external ring (rings) of bearing 11 as it self, it such special design of bearing is profitable, proceeding from, for example, conditions of mass production. For same reasons, inner ring (rings) of bearing 11, also can be designed as a unit with main shaft 2 or bushing 9. On wobbler 12 are fixed, placed diameterly with their axis's through center 13 of rolling of bell crank 12, two passing cylinder neck (pin trunnion) 14. They can be also designed with wobbler 15, whole, of wheeltype. Engine is applied with yoke 15, which is engaged (hooked) with wobbler 12 by means of two hinges, formed with trunnions 14 and angular bearings. Trunnions 14 can be fixed or installed inside out on yoke 15 , in that case hinge engagement and bearings 16 are installed on wobbler 12. Yoke 15 is installed on roll bearings 18, installed on axis's, fixed in body 1. At the same time, roll axis 19 of yoke 15, formed with axisses 17, disposed in such way, that forms right angle with both, axis 3 of main shaft 2 of engine and common axis of trunnions 14. In yoke 15, are placed axisses 20 with roll bearings 21, in accordance with quantity of pistons 6, engaged with other ends of rods 7, which provide with hinge engaging of yoke 15 with pistons 6, or rods 7, connected with them. Yoke 15 is shaped accordingly into plate, ringtype, multyshoulder rocker or another construction form, depending on, with which kind of situation (parallel, perpendicular or inclined) of axisses 5 of cylinders 4, concerning axis 3 of main shaft 2 is designed engine. In all variants, by cutting of perpendicular rotary axis 3 of main shaft 2, medium point 22 of every engaging hinge of wobbler 12 with yoke 15, situates in angle sector, formed between medium points 23 of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke 15 with pistons 6 or rods 7, more correctly (that is optimally) in the middle of that. There in cylinder head 24 of engine, are placed traditional devices of gas distribution.

Double-row combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism, constant or variable compression ratio and variable pistons stroke, consists of body 25 of cylinders block, main shaft 27, installed there on angular ball bearings 26, with rotary axis 28, cylinders 29, with parallel, inclined or perpendicular design of their axisses 30 concerning rotary axis 28. There, in cylinders 29, with possibility of reciprocating movement there, are placed pistons 31, with rods 32, connected with hinge engaging and installation on axis 33. On inclined neck 35, designed on intermediate bushing 34, installed on main shaft 27 of engine, through its inner ring (or rings) is installed single row ball, double sided angular bearing, with divisible inner and/or external ring. Bell crank 37 is installed on external ring (or rings) of bearing 11, with inclination to axis 28 of main shaft 27, it has plate or inclined plate form and can be as a unit or compound one. Wobbler 37 can be on the whole as inner ring (or rings) of bearing 36 as it self. Inner ring (or rings) of bearing 36, can be designed as a unit with bushing. In wobbler 37, with radial placing, with its external ring, is installed hinge bearing 38, and with its inner ring interacts trunnion 40, fixed on yoke 39. put through with axis removing possibility. Hinge bearing 38 can be fixed on wobbler with inner ring, and its hinge connection with yoke 39, can be provided with bushing 41, fixed on external ring, installed with possibility of radial removing (sliding in its radial opening) in yoke 39. External or inner ring of spherical hinge (bearing) 38 can be designed as a unit with wobbler 37. Installed of spherical hinge (bearing) 38 in construction can be applied cylinder shape hinge (cardan) with two degrees of freedom (does not shown on figures). Yoke 39 is installed on roll angular ball bearings 44 on eccentric necks 43 of eccentric 42, installed in body 25, and create rock axis 45 of yoke 39. At the same time, rock axis 45 of yoke 39, is placed so that forms right angle (in removed position - removed right one) with axis 28 of main shaft 27 of engine. Support bearings 44 of rock axis 45 of yoke 39, can be placed in lever 46, which, in its turn, is installed in body 25 with possibility of removing on axis 47. In yoke 39 are placed axisses 48, connected with other ends of wobblers, with roll bearings 49, corresponding to quantity of pistons 31, which provide yoke 39 with hinge engaging with pistons 31, or connected rods 32. By cutting of perpendicular rotary axis 28 of main shaft 27, medium point 50 of spherical (or cardan) hinge 38 of engaging of wobbler 37 with yoke 39, situates in angle sector, formed between medium points 51 of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke 39 with pistons 31, or rods 32, more correctly (as optimum) in the middle of that. In cylinders head 52 of engine are placed traditional devices of gas distribution. Mechanism of rock axis removing 45 of yoke 39 contains eccentric axisses 42, mentioned above, their are fixed gear-wheels 53, connected with synchronizing pinion (gear) 54, with controlled servomotor 55. Mechanism of yoke 39 rock axis removing 45 can be equipped with mechanical transmission of another type, for example, worm gearing, or controlled drive, for example, hydraulic drive (do not shown on figures). Installing rock axis 45 of yoke 39 on lever 46, device of its removing contains flexible unit - cylindrical spring 56, installed with possibility to interact with lever 46, with force of flexibility, defined by load (torque) on main shaft 27 engine, and is oriented in the direction of cylinders head 52. With possibility to interact with lever 46, there is engaged also damper, as plunger 57 and cylinder 59 with throttle (restriction) openings 58, which is buried in oil bath of engine. Device of controlled removing (equipped with mentioned above eccentric axis 42 and servomotor 55) of rock axis 45 of yoke 39, or self regulated mechanism (equipped with mentioned above lever 46 and spring 56) can be designed with another combination of enumerated construction elements (units). For example, with the same eccentric axis 42 and spiral spring (does not shown on figures), can be equipped self regulated mechanism of removing of axis 45, and with the same lever 46 and hydrocylinder and pump (does not shown on figures) can be equipped device of controlled removing of rock axis 45. Eccentric axis 42 or lever 46, instead controlled motor 55 of controlled removing mechanism of yoke 39 or spring 56, can be connected with accelerator of engine (car). Engine, with the purpose of receiving of information and transmitting on display or computer about situation (size of removing) of rock axis 45 of yoke 39 by rotary axis 28 of main shaft 27, which uniquely defines pistons 31 stroke, function volume of engine and compression, is equipped with indicator 61 or device measuring angle position of eccentric axis 42 or lever 46, or defining directly the position of rock axis 45 of yoke 39. Engine, to be transformed, by decision and wish of operator (driver) in accordance received information about present function volume of engine, from variable pistons 31 stroke regime to constant one, can be equipped with controlled fixator of eccentric axis 42 or lever 46, for example as electromagnet or tooth type coupling 62. Engine or device (for example a car), where that's applied, can be equipped with device, defining present value of load (rotary moment) put on main shaft 27, also with computer (does not shown on figures), which, accordingly with type of drive of rock axis 45 removing mechanism of yoke 39, is intended for control of lock, or eccentric axis 42, or lever 46.

Double row combustion engine with replaced out wobble-yoke mechanism and constant or variable compression and stroke of pistons, in comparison with first and second variant declared invention, additionally contains rocker 63, engaged by hinges with pistons 6 or 31, or with, connected with them, rods 7 or 32, which is fixed on elongated rock axis 64 of yoke 15 or 39. At the same time, if wobble- yoke mechanism and main shaft replaced out of body not far, they can be placed in the same body 1 or 25, but, if in accordance with design of car or another construction reasons, wobble, yoke and main shaft 2 or 27 are replaced far out of body, they are installed in additional body formation. Symbols, shown on figures, signify: α - angle of sector, formed between medium points 22 or 51 yoke 15 or 39 engaging with rods 7 or 32; β - half of rock angle of wobbler 12 or 37, that is, inclination angle of installation neck 10 or 35 for wobbler 12 or 37 on main shaft 3 or 27 (constant size); γmin - half of minimal rock angle of yoke 39; γmax - half of maximal rock angle of yoke 39; ε - eccentricity of eccentric axisses 42, or shoulder of lever 46; δi and 82 - correspondingly, upper and lower removals of rock axisses 45 of yoke

39 from axis 28 of main shaft 27;

S - stroke of pistons 6 or 31;

Smin - minimal stroke of pistons 31; Smax - maximal stroke of pistons 31 ; hmax - distance of pistons 31 in upper dead point from cylinders head 52, when their stroke is minimal; hmax - distance of pistons 31 in upper dead point from cylinders head 52, when their stroke is maximal; Hmin - distance of pistons 31 in lower dead point from cylinders head 52, when their stroke is minimal;

Hmax - distance of pistons 31 in lower dead point from cylinders head 52, when their stroke is maximal;

R - radius of situation of spherical 38 or cardan (universal) hinge on wobbler 12 or 37; rmin and rmax - minimal and maximal radiuses of engaging of yoke 39 from its rock axis 45 accordingly with spherical 38 or cardan hinge;

At the same time, for engine with constant compression, construction parameters, enumerated above (R₅ rmin and rmax , ε or, δi and 82) are selected so, when pistons 31 stroke is variable (from Smin to Smax), coefficient of compression to be kept in combusters of cylinder 29 (this correlation defines compression ratio if in cylinders head 52 does not placed part of combuster), that is Hmin / hmin =

Hmax / hmax. Although, by definite reasons, for example with the purpose to optimize burning process or function of engine, designer can select compression also as variable, with changing of stroke of pistons 31. For that way, to select construction parameters so, for example, when stroke is minimal, that is function volume is minimal, compression to be higher, and when stroke is maximal, that is, function volume is maximal - to be lower, or in the back way, that is, in such case

Hmin / hmin ≠ Hmax / hmax. Besides, construction parameters can be selected so, that compression to be identical, when stroke of pistons 31 is minimal and maximal, and when stroke is intermediate - with difference.

Double-row combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism (by first variant of declared invention) functions in following way. 4-cycle of engine functioning

(suction, compression, explosion-burning, exhaust), controlled with gas distribution device, placed in cylinders head, causes reciprocal movement of pistons 6 with constant stroke S, which, by means of rods 7, is transmitted to yoke 15 and causes its rock movement. Rock movement of yoke by means of hinge engaging with necks 14 is transmitted to wobbler 12 and causes its oscillating movement in body 1 around of oscillation center 13. Rock movement of wobbler 12, which is caused with its placing on bearing H₃ installed on inclined neck 1O₅ causes rotating movement of main shaft 2 in body 1. Function volume of engine, which depends on diameter (cross-section square) of pistons and on stroke size S and maximal power in the engine are constant.

Double-row combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism, constant or variable compression ratio and stroke of pistons (by second variant of declared invention) functions in following way. Reciprocal movement of pistons 31 with variable stroke in ranges from Smin to Smax, which, by means of rods 32 is transmitted to yoke 39, causes its rock movement in ranges from γmin to γmax with amplitude relatively rock axis 45. Rock movement of yoke 39 is transmitted to wobbler 37 by means of spherical or cardan hinge, placed on radius R and causes its oscillating movement in body 25 around oscillation center of main shaft 27 placed on axis 28. At the same time, angle of yoke 39 rocking defines correlation of radius, from imin to Imax, to radius R, that is value δi and 62 of removing of yoke 39 rock axis 45 from main shaft 27 rotary axis 28. When removing is δi, angle of rock of yoke 39 is equal to γmin, and when removing is total (δi + δ2) to opposite, corresponds to γmax. When yoke 39 rock axis 45 installating on eccentric axis 42, total removing is in ranges 2ε. Movement of oscillating of wobbler 37, which is caused with its installating on bearing 36, placed on inclined neck 35, causes main shaft 27 rotary movement in body 25. Changing of stroke of pistons 31 in ranges from Smin to Smax, take place in two ways: with, controlling and self-regulating. In the case of controlling, the computer, in accordance with load on main shaft 27, by means of motor 55, will turn eccentric axis 42 on needed angle, removing rock axis 45 of yoke 39 on needed value, receiving corresponding information (feedback) from indicator or device, measuring the- angle. And when self-regulating, supporting lever 46 of rock axis 45 of yoke 39, which interacts with spring 56, is oriented in such position, that reactive force of flexibility of spring 56, corresponds to load, put in that torque on main shaft 27. If load is increased, with following action of operator (driver) on accelerator, lever 46 and rock axis 45 of yoke 39, remove from main shaft 27 rotary axis 28 on corresponding size, spring 56, will be correspondingly compressed, amplitude of yoke 39 rocking and stroke of pistons (that is function volume of engine and power) will increased, if necessary, to maximum, which needs maximal action on accelerator by driver. In such process, operator can see present value of function volume of engine and if necessary, by means of engaging (or disconnecting) of controlled lock (coupling 62) can fix position of eccentric axis 42 and do constant stroke of pistons 31 and compression. Buried in oil bath 60 in engine damper, where acts into-out in throttle openings 58 oil, provides stroke of pistons 31 with changing not unevenly but in desirable regime, smooth. Double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism, constant or variable stroke compression and stroke of pistons (third variant of declared invention) functions in following way. Reciprocal movement of pistons 6 or 31 with constant S or variable, from Smin to Smax, stroke, by means of pistons 7, or directly, in the beginning is transmitted to rocker 63 and causes rocking of elongated rock axis 64, and after that, rocking of yoke 15 or 39, fixed on that. Rocking of last one, by means of wobble-yoke mechanism, causes oscillating of wobbler 12 or 37 and rotation of main shaft 2. Changing of pistons 31 stroke in this variant of engine is realized in analogy with mentioned above. In accordance with declared inventions engines can be produced as industrial product and applied with obtaining of complex technical effect which consists:

- in possibility of designing of 4-cylinder 4-cycle, internal combustion engine with one wobble-yoke mechanism, designing with arrangement of cylinders with any angle of inclination to main shaft, control or self-regulating of stroke of pistons with keeping or changing of compression ratio on action to only one construction unit, locating or receiving of functional volume parameters of engine;

- in reducing of fuel expense with combusters displacement volume control by means of changing (or self-regulating) of stroke of pistons in accordance with load on engine and construction setting of optimal regime of compression changing;

- in possibility of setting and fixing of engine on desirable compression in ranges of changing of function volume and compression in accordance with desirable maximal power, or real octane parameter of used fuel, or by other reasons;

- in possibility to lessen all three dimensions of engine and designing with double-row placed cylinders arrangement concerning main shaft with applicable angle of inclination for any concrete design (for example in cars with frontal or back wheel drive), that is with optimal arrangement; - in possibility to part engine on two - zone of cylinders placing and rocking rocker, and zone of rotating main shaft and wobble-yoke mechanism, and removing of them on desirable size, at the same time, to obtain desirable design and to lessen definite dimensions;

- in leveling of side forces on pistons in cylinders, as result of reducing of friction and wear, increasing of efficiency and resource;

- in equipping of all, loaded and functioning by high velocity, hinges and supports (which are lubricated, in present case, not under intensive pressure, but with sprinkling) with rolling bearings, as result, in increasing of efficiency and resource, in possibility to use simple (cheap) oils; - in possibility to design main shaft not as crankshaft, that is dynamically balanced, shorter and with less diameter sizes, made of simple (even not hardened) materials, that is, in reducing of price and simplification of its construction; - in reducing of price and simplification of engine on the whole, simplification of reparation and service (for example, assembly-disassembly). At the same time, no need special design of gas distribution and another equipment, and engine can be equipped with traditional units and complete sets.

That is, declared inventions correspond to criterion "Industrial applicability".

Authors:

Vakhtang Torotadze

Teimuraz Taniashvili

Claims

1. Torotadze-Taniashvili double-row internal combustion engine with wobble yoke mechanism, containing at least one wobbler, installed on main shaft of engine with inclination to its rotary axis and at least one yoke, engaged by hinges with that, sat on rock axis, installed in body of engine, and connected in its turn with pistons by hinge engaging or hooking, placed, forming combusters, in double-row situated cylinders of engine, or connected with rods, joint with pistons, characterized by, when looking at perpendicular cutting of main shaft rotary axis, medium point of every engaging hinge of yoke with wobbler is placed in angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods;

2. Engine by item 1, characterized by, that medium point of every engaging hinge of yoke with wobbler is placed in the middle of angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods;

3. Torotadze-Taniashvili double-row internal combustion engine with wobble- yoke mechanism and constant or variable compression ratio and stroke of pistons, containing at least one wobbler, installed on main shaft of engine with inclination to its rotary axis and at least one yoke, engaged by hinges with that, sat on rock axis, installed, with removing possibility, in body of engine, and connected in its turn with pistons by hinge engaging or hooking, placed, forming combusters, in double-row situated cylinders of engine, or connected with rods, joint with pistons, mechanism of yoke rock axis removing, and can contain, installed with possibility to interact with that and in body of engine, flexible unit, characterized by, that directly with pistons or rods, engaged with them, is connected yoke, hooked with spherical or cardan hinge, fixed or designed on wobbler, and with possibility to be removed on or in that and from oscillation center of wobbler, at the same time, when looking at perpendicular cutting of main shaft rotary axis, medium point of spherical or cardan hinge is placed in angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods, and if designing engine with constructively not parallel situation of cylinders axisses to main shaft rotary axis, yoke rock axis is installed in body with possibility to be removed from main shaft rotary axis;

4. Engine by item 1 or 3, characterized by, that every yoke are connected with four pistons, or rods, engaged with them, placed on two on different sides of its rock axis, interparallelly with their own axisses and tangentially to circle, circumscribed around main shaft axis;

5. Engine by item 3, characterized by, that medium point of spherical or cardan hinge is placed in the middle of angle sector, formed between medium points of engaging or hooking hinges of yoke with pistons or rods;

6. Engine by item 3, characterized by, that mechanism of yoke rock axis removing contains eccentrical axis or lever, installed in the body with possibility of controlled turning or rocking, and rock axis is installed on that;

7. Engine by item 3, characterized by, that removing mechanism of yoke rock axis is supplied with controlled lock, like as for example, electromagnet or/and tooth type coupling.

8. Engine by item 3, characterized by, that it is supplied with unit or device for measuring of yoke rock axis removing, that is, pistons stroke and consequently, displacement volume and compression, and signal translation for display and control;

9. Engine by item 3 and 6, characterized by, that yoke rock axis removing mechanism contains controlled drive, connected with eccentrical axis or lever, like as for example worm gearing and/or gear transmission or hydrocylinder, and correspondingly, electric motor or electric pump;

10. Engine by item 3, characterized by, that yoke rock axis removing mechanism contains eccentrical axis or lever, installed in body with possibility of turning or swinging and interacting with flexible unit, and yoke rock axis is installed on that;

11. Engine by item 3 and 10, characterized by, that flexible unit is installed in such way, that flexibility force or its component is oriented in the direction, needed to lessen yoke rock amplitude, and consequently - pistons stroke, by means of yoke rock axis removing from main shaft rotary axis, and of yoke - on spherical or cardan hinge, or in that one;

12. Engine by item 3, 6 and 10, characterized by, that eccentrical axis or lever is connected with accelerator of engine;

13. Engine by item 3, 6 and 10, characterized by, that it is supplied with damper, connected with yoke rock axis;

14. Engine by item 3, 9 and 10, characterized by, that damper is designed as cylinder assembly and/or with throttle openings, and is put in oil bath, being in engine;

15. Torotadze-Taniashvili double-row internal combustion engine with wobble-yoke mechanism and constant or variable compression ratio and stroke of pistons, containing wobbler, installed on main shaft of engine with inclination to its rotary axis and yoke, engaged by hinges with that, sat on rock axis, installed, with removing possibility or without that, in body of engine, and connected with pistons by hinge engaging or hooking, placed, forming combusters, in double-row situated cylinders of engine, or connected with rods, joint with pistons, characterized by, that main shaft of engine and wobble-yoke unit are replaced out of cylinders placing zone with installation in the same or additional body formation, yoke is designed with accordingly elongated rock axis and supplied with rocker, connected with pistons or joint rods.

Authors:

Vakhtang Torotadze

Teimuraz Taniashvili