WO2006059918A1

WO2006059918A1 - Roller skates

Info

Publication number: WO2006059918A1
Application number: PCT/RU2005/000594
Authority: WO
Inventors: Evgeniy Petrovich Panin
Original assignee: Varenik, Sergey Leonidovich
Priority date: 2004-11-26
Filing date: 2005-11-23
Publication date: 2006-06-08
Also published as: RU2004134400A; RU2301100C2

Abstract

The invention relates to transport means, in particular to roller skates. In a first variant, the roller skates comprises rollers (2, 9) which are shiftedly arranged with respect to a base (1) and a foot-fixing means, wherein the axis of rotation of at least one roller of each skate is placed at an angle to the tangent plane of the skate surface at the end lower points thereof, i. e. to a horizontal plane and said roller is cinematically connected to a drive. The front roller (2) is shiftedly arranged with respect to the base (1) inwardly to the skate and the rear roller (9) is arranged outwardly thereto. The drive for each skate is embodied in the form of a pivotally mounted pedal (11) which is cinematically connected to the rear roller (9) by means of a joint coupling and a free-wheel unit (12). The skates are provided with an overturning moment compensating device. In a second variant, the skates are embodied in such a way that they are connectable and disconnectable with respect to each other. The connection of the skate bases is embodied such that it is fixable and disconnectable or partially movable and disconnectable or in such a way that said bases are enabled to modify the position thereof with respect to each other, maintaining the immobility of the skate bases with respect to each other in said positions and to be disconnected.

Description

ROLLER SKATES (OPTIONS)

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to vehicles, in particular, to roller skates, which can be used both for sports and for the movement of people on various types of road surfaces, including as a vehicle alternative to bicycles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A device for moving a person is known (RF patent JVs 2107533, IPC A63C17 / 02, publ. 03/27/98) - [1] containing a platform, paired front and rear wheels and a brake device using flexible traction connected with the platform as a drive, moreover, a ratchet mechanism is installed as a braking device, the platform is located between the pivot points of the wheels with the rolling surface, the axis of the front wheel is located above the plus, and the axis of the rear wheel is behind the heel of a person’s legs, while the distance between the axles of the wheels is equivalent to the foot length h man.

This device does not have a drive for rotating wheels and braking occurs only using a manual drive, and the location of the axis of the front wheels above the plus makes it impossible to quickly separate the legs from the device in case of sudden collision with an obstacle, which can lead to injuries. In addition, the use of platforms with four wheels each, with a wheel diameter for gravel roads of 180 ... 200 mm, as follows from the description, determines the large dimensions of two carts when folded, for example, when placing them on top of each other, therefore when moving them as cargo on foot, transportability is very limited.

A device for moving (AS USSR JVk 1757695, IPC AbZS 17/00, publ. 30.08.92) - [2], containing the front and rear axles with wheels mounted on them, three on each axis, and the axles are made cranked and their free sections are connected in pairs by pedals, and the axes themselves are connected by gearing transmission.

In this device, it is impossible to change the gear ratio, and it is also impossible to perform walking movements, which creates inconvenience, if necessary, to overcome obstacles in the form of steps, ledges, ditches, etc. In addition, this device is not well adapted for driving along curved sections of roads. Known roller skates (AS USSR N ° 1750718, IPC A63C17 / 12, publ.

07/30/92) - [3], containing rollers mounted on the base with freewheels, articulated foot support kinematically connected to the rear roller, manual drive and brake, the skates have a support roller installed in the rear part of the bracket, the brake is made in one integral with the leg support having through grooves, mounted with the possibility of contact of its lower surface with the rear roller, and the upper part of the bracket is placed in the grooves of the leg support.

In this device: the use of a cable system as a link of a power drive reduces the efficiency transmission; it is impossible to change the gear ratio; it is impossible to make a curved movement without taking the skates off the road, because the axes of the rollers are made non-rotating.

Known roller skates containing mounted on the base of the rollers with an overrunning clutch, a pivotally mounted leg support kinematically connected to the rear roller, a brake, a device for compensating for overturning moment and means for fixing the legs, the rollers being offset relative to the leg support, and the skates made with the possibility of connection with each other with limited mobility of one ridge relative to another and the possibility of separation and equipped with a device for locking the horse Kov (international application PCT / RU2004 / 000120, IPC A63C 17/00 (option 1) - [4], adopted as a prototype. Their disadvantage is the location of the front and rear rollers with an offset relative to the leg support and the location of the axes of the rollers parallel to the road plane as a result of which the contact points of the front and rear rollers with the road surface are on a straight line that does not coincide with the direction of movement, and the distance between these contact points in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement is commensurate with the width of the foot of a person’s feet. When driving on a road with significant irregularities without the use of blocking the skates, in the case of a front roller hitting an obstacle, this leads to a moment of force tending to rotate the ridge around a vertical axis passing through the contact point of the front roller with the obstacle. Part of this moment is balanced by the forces of friction between the rollers and the road surface, and the other part of the moment is transmitted to the foot of the person’s feet, which leads to increased load on the person’s legs when obstacles are often encountered during riding. Using manual drive for turning without taking the skates off the road leads to the fact that the hands of a person while driving are busy to control the turn.

Known roller skates containing mounted on the base of the rollers with an overrunning clutch, a pivotally mounted leg support kinematically connected to the rear roller, a brake, a device for compensating for overturning moment and means for fixing the legs, and the skates are made with the possibility of connection with each other with limited the mobility of one ridge relative to another and the possibility of separation (international application PCT / RU2004 / 000120, IPC A63C 17/00 (option 2) - [4]. The location of the front roller in front of the support for Ogi, and rear roller - rear support for the foot, increasing the length of each of the skates, which creates inconveniences at their transportation on foot.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the load on the muscles of the legs of a person when driving on sidewalks and roads with significant irregularities, as well as improving the ease of use due to the possibility of turning without taking the skates off the road and without using human hands to control the turn.

The technical result according to option 1 is achieved in that in roller skates containing rollers mounted with an offset relative to the base and means for fixing the legs, the axis of rotation of at least one of the rollers of each skate is located at an angle to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers at their lowermost points, and said roller is kinematically coupled to the drive.

The front roller is offset relative to the base on the inside of the ridge, and the rear roller is located on the outside of the ridge.

The drive of each skate is made in the form of a hinge mounted on the base of the pedal kinematically connected by means of a double hinged clutch and an overrunning clutch with at least one roller and which is a means for fixing the legs.

The kinematic connection of the pedal with the rear roller includes a double link, in one groove of which there is a roller connected to the pedal, in the other groove is a roller connected to the beam connected to the gear sector forming the gear gear with a gear associated with the freewheel via a double articulated clutch.

Roller skates are equipped with a device for fixing the pedal in the lower position, and the pedal is equipped with an elastic element for its return to the upper position.

Roller skates are equipped with a gear ratio change mechanism. A roller connected to the pedal is mounted on it with the ability to move along the pedal and lock in a certain position.

Means for fixing the legs made with the possibility of spontaneous release during shock load on the ridge.

The roller skate drive is made in the form of a non-muscular drive, for example, in the form of a heat engine or an electric drive. The heat engine is made in the form of an internal combustion engine.

The drive of each skate is made in the form of a combination pivotally mounted on the base of a pedal kinematically connected by means of a double articulated clutch and an overrunning clutch with at least one roller, and a non-muscular drive, for example, in the form of a heat engine or electric drive. The output shaft of the non-muscular drive is located parallel to the axis of the rear roller shaft and is connected to the shaft by means of an additional overrunning clutch.

Roller skates are equipped with a device to compensate for overturning moment. The device for compensating the overturning moment is made in the form of a rear additional roller located with an offset relative to the base in the inner side of the ridge and with an offset of its axis back relative to the axis of the rear roller. The rear additional roller is installed by means of a spring-loaded suspension made in the form of a torsion bar, with the possibility of rotation of the rear additional roller in the direction of movement and with the possibility of rotation around the axis of the torsion bar to the front roller.

A front additional roller is introduced into the device for compensating the overturning moment, located offset from the base to the outside of the ridge, and the lower point of the front additional roller is located above the lower points of the remaining rollers.

The device for compensating the overturning moment is made in the form of a lever with a handle pivotally mounted on the basis of each ridge. The front roller is rotatable. The axis of rotation of the front roller is shifted forward relative to its axis of rotation and is located at an angle to the vertical.

Roller skates are equipped with a drive mechanism for turning the front roller by means of a handle on the end of the lever, made rotary.

On the base, a tight-fitting foot is fixedly fixed, which is a device for compensating for overturning moment and at the same time as a means for fixing the foot.

Roller skates are equipped with a brake in the form of an inclined plane or a curved surface located on the side of the lower surface of the base of the skate and with the possibility of pinching the rear additional roller of another skate between the specified inclined plane or curved surface and the contact plane of the surfaces of the rollers in their lowermost ones.

Roller skates are equipped with an additional brake device in the form of a brake roller placed on the lever of the device to compensate for overturning moment.

Rollers are equipped with guards for protection against dirt.

The technical result according to option 2 is achieved by the fact that in the roller skates, made with the possibility of connection with each other and the possibility of their separation and containing mounted with an offset relative to the base of the rollers, and means for fixing the legs, the axis of rotation of at least one of the rollers of each skate is at an angle to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers at their extreme lower points, and the specified roller is kinematically connected with the drive.

The connection of the bases of the skates to each other is made stationary and with the possibility of separation or limited mobility and with the possibility of separation or with the possibility of changing their position relative to each other while maintaining the immobility of the bases of the skates relative to each other in these positions and the possibility of separation.

To connect the skates to each other and to separate them, they are equipped with a device for locking the skates.

The device for locking the skates is made in the form of a protrusion at the base of one skate and a groove reciprocal to the protrusion at the base of the other skate. The protrusion at the base of one ridge and the groove corresponding to the protrusion at the base of the other ridge are made with the possibility of creating between them a moment of a pair of forces, providing increased friction when displacing one ridge relative to another. The groove in response to the protrusion at the base of the other ridge may be provided with a spring-loaded lock. The protrusion at the base of one ridge has two or more holes for the retainer located in the direction of movement.

The device for locking the skates is made in the form of a gear rack at the base of one skate and a gear mounted on the base of another skate, while the gear is installed with a friction moment that excludes its free rotation, or the gear is equipped with a discrete rotation mechanism at certain angles, for example, in the form of a ball latches.

The locking device is additionally equipped with a pin on one ridge and a groove reciprocal to it, made at the base of another ridge at a height different from the height of the location of the other protrusion and the groove mating to it.

The device for locking the skates is made in the form of a magnet fixed on the base of one skate, and an anchor in the base of another skate, and the contact surface of the armature and / or magnetic circuits with a magnet is made curved.

In roller skates, the front roller is offset relative to the base on the inside of the skate, and the rear roller is on the outside of the skate.

The drive of each skate is made in the form of a hinge mounted on the base of the pedal kinematically connected by means of a double hinged clutch and an overrunning clutch with at least one roller and which is a means for fixing the legs. The kinematic connection of the pedal with the rear roller includes a double link, in one groove of which there is a roller connected to the pedal, in the other groove is a roller connected to the beam connected to the gear sector, forming a gear transmission with a gear connected to the freewheel via a double articulated coupling .

The roller skate drive is made in the form of a non-muscular drive, for example, in the form of a heat engine or an electric drive.

Roller skates are equipped with a device for compensating the overturning moment, made in the form of a rear additional roller, located with an offset relative to the base in the inner side of the skate and with an offset of its axis back relative to the axis of the rear roller. A front additional roller is introduced into the device for compensating the overturning moment, which is displaced relative to the base on the outside of the ridge, and the lower point of the front additional roller is located above the lower points of the remaining rollers.

The device for compensating the overturning moment is made in the form of a lever with a handle pivotally mounted on the basis of each ridge. The levers can be connected to each other by a transverse rod through a movable connection and are equipped with a boot.

The front roller of the roller skates is rotatable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURES

The proposed design of roller skates is presented in Fig. L ... Fig. 47.

Figure l shows the right skate according to option 1, a side view from the inner side of the foot; figure 2 is the same, a top view, while the contact point K _{1 of the} front roller and the contact point K _{2 of the} rear roller with the road are on a straight line KiK _2; parallel to the direction of movement and shifted to the outside of the ridge by a value of "y" relative to the projection onto the road plane of the center of mass "G" of a person when he is supported on this skate; Fig. 3 is a front view; figure 4 is a section along AA (figure l); figure 5 is a section along BB (figure l), for the average position of the double wings, increased; figure 6 is a section along DD (figure 5); in Fig.7 - place I (Fig.l), increased; in Fig.8 is a section along G-D (Fig.7); Fig.9 - place 11 (Fig.l), increased; figure 10 - place 111 (figure 4), enlarged, shows only a double articulated coupling with adjacent links; figure 11 is a section along the BB (figure l), enlarged; on Fig-section according to EE (Fig.l 1); in Fig.13 is a side view of the right skate according to option 2 from the inside of the foot, with a pivotally mounted lever 59; Fig.14 is the same side view from the outside of the foot; on Fig - the same, a top view, with the point of contact K _{1 of the} front roller with the road and the projection on the road of the center of mass of the person "G" when resting on this skate are on a straight line K ₁ G, coinciding with the direction of movement, and the contact point of the rear roller K ₂ with the road is offset relative to the straight line K ₁ G in the outer side of the ridge; in Fig.16 is a section along 3-3 (Fig.13), enlarged; in Fig.l 7 is a section along the II (Fig.16); in Fig.18 - the right skate with a non-muscular drive; in FIG. 19 - the right skate with a non-muscular drive, the output shaft of which is directly connected to the rear roller shaft by a gear transmission, and a tight-fitting shoe foot is fixedly mounted on the base, which is a device to compensate for overturning moment and at the same time means for fixing the legs; in Fig.20 is a section along FJ (Fig.13), shows the kinematic relationship between the gear of the rotation drive mechanism and the front roller; in Fig.21 - the right skate in the folded state, i.e. with the lever removed (not shown in FIG.) and the rear additional roller rotated around the torsion axis; in FIG. 22 is a top view of the right ridge and the rear additional roller of the left ridge before braking; in Fig.23 is a side view of the right ridge and the back of the left ridge at the time of braking; on Fig - top view of the right skate according to option 1, in which the front and rear rollers are displaced relative to the base on the outside of the ridge; on Fig 25 is a top view of the right ridge, in which the contact point Ki of the front and the point K _{2 of the} rear rollers with the road are on a straight line KiK ₂ , coinciding with the direction of movement and passing through the projection onto the road plane of the center of mass of the person "G" with his support on this horse; on figb is a top view of the right and left ridge according to option 2, connected by a device for locking.

In FIG. 27 - 43 show the embodiment of the device for locking the skates: Figs. 27 - 30 show a device for locking the skates made in the form of a T-shaped guide at the base of the left ridge and a return groove at the base of the right ridge; in Fig.27 - place IV (Fig.26), increased; on Fig - place GV before locking at the moment when the left skate is shifted forward relative to the right ridge; in Fig.29 is a section along HH (Fig.27), Fig.30 is the place GV for the case when the device for locking the skates made with the possibility of moving one skate relative to another by the amount of clearance "S"; in FIG. 31 - section along HH (Fig. 27), rotated and enlarged - the device for locking the skates is additionally equipped with a pin on the left skate and a groove reciprocal to it, made at the base of the right skate at a height "H" other than the height of the protrusion and the groove in return depicted in FIG. 27. in FIG. 32 - 33 - a device for locking the skates, made in the form of a protrusion at the base of one skate and a groove that responds to the protrusion at the base of the other skate, with the possibility of creating between them a moment of a pair of forces P ₁ P ₂ , providing increased friction when displacing one skate relative to another ; in FIG. 32 is a section along HH (Fig. 27), rotated - until the skew of the base 1 of one ridge relative to the base 1 of the other ridge; in FIG. 33 - the same in the presence of a skew; in FIG. 34 - 35 - a device for locking, in which the protrusion at the base of one ridge has two or more holes for the latch located in the direction of movement; in FIG. 34 - place GV (Fig. 26); in FIG. 35 - place IV before locking at the moment when the left skate is shifted forward relative to the right skate; in FIG. 36 - 38 - a locking device made in the form of a gear rack at the base of one ridge and a gear mounted on the basis of another ridge, while the gear is equipped with a discrete rotation mechanism at certain angles in the form of a ball latch; in FIG. 36 - place GV (Fig.26), increased, at the time of blocking; in FIG. 37 - the same at the moment when the left skate is shifted forward relative to the right skate; in FIG. 38 is a section along 0-0 (Fig. 36); in FIG. 39 - 41 - a device for locking in the form of a magnet fixed on the base of one ridge, and an anchor in the base of another ridge; in FIG. 39 - place GV (Fig.27), increased, at the time of blocking; in FIG. 40 - the same at a time when the skates from each other are at a small distance in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement; in FIG. 41 is a view of P (Fig. 39); in FIG. 42 - 43 - a device for locking in the form of a magnet fixed on the base of one ridge, and an anchor in the base of another ridge, while the contact surface of the anchor is made curved; in FIG. 42 - place GV (Fig.26), increased, at the time of blocking; Fig. 43 is the same with a skew of the base of the right ridge relative to the base of the left ridge; in FIG. 44 is a front view of both skates of embodiment 2, connected by a transverse rod and a boot; in FIG. 45 - place V (Fig. 44) in a section, enlarged; in FIG. 46 - person ice skating according to option 2 without levers 59 and a transverse rod, in a locked state with the right skate shifting forward relative to the left skate; in FIG. 47 - the same, with levers 59.

The list of positions of the elements of roller skates is presented in Appendix 1, BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In roller skates according to option 1, each skate consists of a base 1, in front of which a front roller 2 is mounted. When the front roller is rotatable, it is mounted by means of a rotary bracket 3 and an axis 4 pressed into it to rotate around it. Axis 4 can be located parallel to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers at their extreme lower points, which coincides with the road plane (not shown in Fig.), Or lies at an angle "α" to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers in their extreme lower points, which coincides with the plane of the road (Fig.Z). The swivel bracket 3 is mounted to rotate around a vertical axis 5, rolled at the base 1 and which is the axis of rotation of the front roller 2, while it is shifted forward relative to the axis of rotation 4 of the front roller 2 and, respectively, relative to the contact point K _{1 of the} front roller 2 with the road (FIG. .l). Axis 5 can be installed at a small angle, up to 15 degrees., An angle to the vertical (not shown in Fig.).

To prevent accidental rotation of the front roller 2, the swivel bracket 3 is equipped with an eyelet 6, to which a tension spring 7 is attached, the other end of which is fixed to the base 1 (figure 2).

In the rear part of the base 1, a rear roller 9 is fixed on the shaft 8. The axis of the shaft 8, which is the axis of rotation of the rear roller 9, is located at an angle “α” to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers 2 and 9 at the lowermost points K _{1 of the} front roller 2 and point K ₂ rear rollers 9, i.e. to the horizontal plane, which coincides with the plane of the road (Fig.l-3). As can be seen from FIG. 3 (front view), with this arrangement of the rotation axes of the front 2 and rear 9 rollers, the distance between the contact points Ki and K ₂ in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement is zero, i.e. the projections of the points Ki and K ₂ in the front view coincide.

In the case of the drive of each ridge in the form of a hinge mounted on the base 1 by means of the axis 10 of the pedal 11, it is kinematically connected, for example, to the rear roller 9 by means of an articulated clutch and overrunning clutch 12 (Fig. 1, 2, 4, 10). The pedal 11 is also a means for fixing the legs.

The kinematic connection of the pedal 11 with the rear roller 9 includes a double link 13 (Figs. 5, 6), in one groove 14 of which a roller 15 is connected, connected with the pedal 11, in the other groove 16 is a roller 17, connected to the beam 18, which is connected by a shaft 19 with dowels 20 and 21 with a gear sector 22 forming a gear transmission with gear 23. The gear 23 is integral with the shaft 24 and connected to the overrunning clutch 12 by means of a double articulated clutch consisting of a leading 25 and driven 26 forks pivotally connected through a half coupling 27 by means of two crosses 28 (figure 10). The gear train can be closed by a casing (not shown in FIG.).

The pedal 11 is equipped with means for fixing the legs in the form of belts 29 with fasteners 30 (figure 2). Means for fixing the legs can be made with the possibility of spontaneous release during shock load on the ridge, for example, fasteners 30 29 “Velcro” belts, which with large tensile forces spontaneously unfasten.

The pedal 11 may be equipped with an intermediate element for orienting the outer contour of the shoe relative to the inner contour of the pedal (not shown in FIG.). Such an intermediate element can be obtained, for example, by filling the gap between the inner contour of the pedal and the outer contour of the shoe with foaming plastic, which, after hardening, retains on the pedal an internal cavity that exactly matches this shoe shape. When replacing shoes, the old plastic is removed from the cavity of the pedal, and the specified gap is re-filled with foaming plastic.

Roller skates are equipped with a device for fixing the pedal 11 in the lower position. For this, a protrusion 31 is made in the rear part of the pedal 11, under which there is a latch made in the form of a lever 32 with a spring 33 (Fig. 7). The bevel angle of the upper edge of the lever 32 and the force of the spring 33 are selected such that under a static load on the pedal 11 under the action of the gravity of a person while resting on this pedal, the lever 32 remains stationary, i.e. held the pedal 11 in the position shown in Fig.7 by the main lines. To this end, the spring 33 can be equipped with a device for regulating the tension (in Fig. Not shown). The lever 32 is provided with a protruding part 34.

The pedal 11 is provided with an elastic element for its return to the upper position. The elastic element can be made in the form of a torsion spring 35 mounted on the axis 10 and with one tab 36 resting against the protrusion of the base 1, and the other tab 37 - into the protrusion of the pedal 11 (Fig. 9).

The front roller 2 and the rear roller 9 can be displaced relative to the base 1 to the outside of the ridge, as shown in Fig. 24, while the extreme lower points Ki of the front roller 2 and the point K _{2 of the} rear roller 9, the plane of contact to which coincides with the plane of the road and which are the contact points of the rollers 2 and 9 with the road surface, are on a straight line KiK ₂ parallel to the direction of movement and offset to the outside of the ridge by the value "y" relative to the projection onto the road plane of the center of mass of the person "G" when it is supported by and this horse. The front roller 2 can be located with an offset relative to the base 1 in the inner side of the ridge, and the rear roller 9 with an offset in the outer side of the ridge (figure 2).

The extreme lower points Ki of the front roller 2 and the point K _{2 of the} rear roller 9, which are points of contact with the road surface, can be on a straight line K ₁ K ₂ that coincides with the direction of movement and passes through the projection of the center of mass of the person G on the road plane when it is supported on this ridge (Fig.25), or located on a straight line K ₁ K ₂ that does not coincide with the direction of movement (Fig.15), while the contact point K _{1 of the} front roller 2 with the road surface and the projection of the center of mass of a person G on the road surface at his support on this horse can be on and the straight line Ki G, which coincides with the direction of movement, and the contact point K _{2 of the} rear roller 9 with the road surface is offset relative to the straight line K ₁ G in the outer side of the ridge (Fig. 15).

Roller skates can be equipped with a mechanism for changing the gear ratio while riding on skates (not shown in Fig.).

To adjust the gear ratio before riding on skates, a roller 15 connected to the pedal 11 is mounted on it with the possibility of moving along the pedal 11 and fixing in a certain position. The possibility of movement is ensured by the fact that the roller 15 is mounted on an axis 38, placed in two grooves 39, made in the protruding parts 40 from the bottom of the pedal 11 (Fig.7, 8). Fixing the axis 38 in a certain position is ensured by tightening the nut 41.

Since the center of mass of a person G, resting on the ridge, can be shifted by the value of "y" relative to the straight line KiK ₂ passing through the contact points K ₁ , K _{2 of the} front 2 and rear 9 rollers respectively with the road plane (Fig. 2), a tipping moment tending to turn the skate relative to the straight KiK ₂ (to overturn it). To prevent rollovers, roller skates are equipped with a device to compensate for overturning moment.

Such a device can be made, for example, in the form of a rear additional roller 42, located with an offset relative to the base 1 in the inner side of the ridge and with an offset of its axis 43 back relative to the axis of the rear roller 9 (Fig. 1 - 3). Axis 43 can be fixedly mounted on base 1 (not shown in FIG.). To reduce the resistance to movement in case of skates turning, the rear additional roller 42 is installed by means of a spring-loaded suspension, made in the form of a torsion bar 44, and with the possibility of rotation of the rear additional roller 42 in the direction of movement. On one side of the torsion 44, a protrusion 45 is made, which enters the groove in the base 1 and receives a torque applied on the other side of the torsion 44 from the rear additional roller 42 by means of a arm 46 pivotally connected to the fork 47 and rigidly fixed to the stepped part 48 of the torsion 44 ( Fig. l, 11). The ability to offset the rear additional roller 42 in the vertical direction is achieved due to the twist angle of the torsion bar 44 under the action of the vertical component of the force applied to the rear additional roller 42 from the side of the road. The ability to rotate the rear additional roller 42 in the direction of movement is achieved by articulating the fork 47 with the shoulder 46 of the torsion bar 44 and installing a spring 49 mounted on the fork 47 with an offset “a” relative to the axis of the articulated joint (Fig. 1).

To ensure the compactness of the skates in the folded state (transportability), the rear additional roller 42 is configured to rotate around the axis of the torsion bar 44 to the front roller 2 (Fig.21). In this case, the torsion bar 44 is made with the possibility of axial displacement by an amount sufficient so that the protrusion 45 of the torsion bar 44 comes out of the groove in the base 1, and its shoulder 46 is freed from contact with the limiter 50, which limits the extreme lower position of the shoulder 46 and, accordingly, rear additional roller 42 (Fig.l). To this end, a spring-loaded earring 51 with a figured hole 52 is placed on the axis of the torsion 44, one part of which corresponds to the diameter of the axis (trunnion) of the torsion 44 and therefore prevents its axial displacement, and the other part of the hole 52 has an enlarged size, allowing the stepped part 48 of the torsion 44 to enter the cavity of the hole 52 and allow axial displacement of the torsion bar 44 (Fig. 1.12). The earring 51 is made with the possibility of horizontal movement under the action of the force exerted by hand.

For greater stability of the skates, an additional front roller 53 with an axis 54 is inserted into the device for compensating the overturning moment, located offset from the base 1 to the outside of the ridge. The lower point of the front additional roller 53 is located above the lower points of the remaining rollers 2, 9, 42 (Fig. 3, 4), and therefore has a clearance “f” relative to the road surface. Axis 54 can be made stationary (not shown in FIG.). To reduce the resistance to movement in the case of rotation of the skates, the roller 53 is made rotary. This is achieved by installing the axis 54 on the swivel bracket 55, the axis of rotation "u" of which is made with an offset forward relative to the axis 54 of the roller by the amount of "d" (Fig.14). The bracket 55 has in the upper part an eyelet 56 to which a tension spring 57 is attached, which is fixed at the other end to the protruding part of the base 1.

A device for compensating for a snapping moment can be a tight-fitting foot of the shoe 58, fixedly mounted on the base 1 and at the same time being a means for fixing the legs (Fig. 19).

A device for compensating the overturning moment can also be made in the form of a telescopic arm 59 detachably pivotally mounted on the base 1 of each ridge on the axles 60 with a handle 61 (Figs. 13, 16).

The skates can be equipped with a drive mechanism for turning the front roller 2 by means of a handle 61 rotatable at the end of the lever 59, kinematically connected with the rotary bracket 3 of the front roller 2 (Figs. 13, 14).

The kinematic connection between the handle 61 and the swing arm 3 for controlling the rotation of the front roller 2 consists of the following elements. The handle 61 by means of a rod 62 mounted in the cavity of the lever 59 by means of the guide sleeves 63 is connected to the fork 64, in which two grooves 65 are made (Fig. 16, 17). A sleeve 66 is pressed into the base 1, in which the axis 67 with the gear 68 is mounted. A roller 69 is fixed on the top of the axis 67, in which the lead 70 is pressed in. The axis of the lead during rotation of the roller is always in the plane of the axle shafts 60. Lever 59 with a fork 71 s the latch 72 is mounted on the half shafts 60. The gear 68 forms a gear with sector 73. The kinematic connection between the gear 68 and the swivel bracket 3 of the front roller 2 is made in the form of a mechanism located under the base 1, and is schematically presented in Fig.20. The mechanism may be closed by a casing (not shown in FIG.). Sector 73 is pivotally connected by a rod 74 to the arm 75 of the swing arm 3.

Roller skates are equipped with a brake in the form of an inclined plane 76 (Fig. 1) or a curved surface (not shown in Fig.) Located on the side of the lower surface of the base 1 of the ridge and with the possibility of pinching the rear additional roller 42 of the other skate between the specified inclined plane or curved surface and the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers 2 and 9 in extreme lower point Ki of the front and point K _{2 of the} rear rollers, i.e. plane coinciding with the road plane.

Roller skates are equipped with an additional braking device in the form of a brake roller 77, placed on the lever 59 using the bracket 78 (Fig.13, 14).

In roller skates, the rollers 2 and 9 can be equipped with shields for protection against dirt (not shown in Fig.).

The drive of each ridge can be made in the form of a non-muscular drive 79, for example, in the form of a heat engine or an electric drive. The heat engine can be made in the form of an internal combustion engine. The drive 79 has a small power (0.2 ... 0.5 kW), small dimensions and is located, for example, on an elongated part of the base 1 behind the shaft 8 of the rear roller 9, as shown in FIG. 19.

The drive of each skate can be made in the form of a combination of a pedal pivotally mounted on the base 1, kinematically connected by means of a double articulated clutch and an overrunning clutch 12 with a rear roller 9, and a non-muscular drive 79. The output shaft 80 of the non-muscular drive is located parallel to the axis of the shaft 8 and is connected to it by means of an additional freewheel 81 (FIG. 18).

The output shaft 80 of the non-muscular drive can be directly connected to the shaft 8 by a gear transmission, as shown in FIG. In this case, the shaft 8 is made integral with the gear wheel 82, which is meshed with the gear of the output shaft 80 of the non-muscular drive, the kinematic connection of the pedal 11 with the rear roller 9 and the pedal 11 itself are absent, and the means for fixing the legs is the boot 58 that fits the foot tightly, motionless fixed on the base, for example, using rivets (not shown in FIG.), and being at the same time a device for compensating the overturning moment.

The roller skates of embodiment 2 are made with the possibility of connection with each other and the possibility of their separation and contain rollers 2 and 9 mounted with an offset relative to the base 1, and means for fixing the legs, while the axis of rotation of at least the rear roller 9 of each skate is angled “Α” to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers 2, 9 at their extreme lower points, that is, to the plane coinciding with the road plane, and the rear roller 9 is kinematically connected with the drive. Roller skates in option 2 differ from roller skates in option

1 in that the skates are configured to connect with each other and with the possibility of separation.

To connect the skates to each other and to separate them, they are equipped with a device for locking the skates. In FIG. 27 to 43 show various designs of the locking device.

The locking device is made in the form of a protrusion in the form of a T-shaped guide 83 of the base of the left ridge (Figs. 27, 28, 29), and a groove 84, the reciprocal of the protrusion, in the protruding part 85 of the base 1 of the right ridge. To prevent the spontaneous exit of the T-shaped guide 83 from the groove 84, it is equipped with a latch 86, spring-loaded using a spring 87 (Fig.28). In this case, when the skates are connected to each other, the base of one skate is fixed relative to the other.

In the locking device, the protrusion of the T-shaped guide 83 relative to the lateral surface of the latch 86 is located with the possibility of forming a gap "S" (Fig.ZO), which provides limited mobility of the connection of the bases of the skates with each other.

The locking device can be additionally equipped with a pin 88 on one ridge (Fig.Zl) and a groove 89 responding to it, made in the base 1 of another skate at a height different from the height of the protrusion - a T-shaped guide 83 and the groove 84 corresponding to it, and is H.

In the device for blocking the skates, a protrusion in the form of a T-guide 83 ¹ in the base 1 of the left ridge and a groove 84 ¹ corresponding to the protrusion 83 ¹ in the base 1 of the right ridge are made with the possibility of creating between them a moment of a pair of forces Pi, P ₂ , providing increased force friction with the relative displacement of one ridge relative to another (Fig.32, 33). The moment of a pair of forces P ₁ , P ₂ occurs when the base 1 of one ridge is skewed relative to the base 1 of the other ridge due to the appearance of two contact lines between the T-shaped guide 83 ^ι and groove 84 ¹ , The sectional sections are represented by points C ₁ and C ₂ (Fig. 3Z). This ensures the connection of the bases of the skates with each other with the possibility of changing their position relative to each other while maintaining the motionlessness of the bases of the skates relative to each other in these positions.

All of the following versions of the device for locking the skates also provide a connection between the bases of the skates with each other with the possibility of changing their position relative to each other while maintaining the motionlessness of the bases of the skates relative to each other in these positions.

In the skate blocking device, a protrusion in the form of a T-shaped guide 90 in the base 1 of one skate has two or more holes 91 for the latch 92 located in the direction of movement (Figs. 34, 35).

The device for locking the skates is made in the form of a rack 93 in the base 1 of one skate and gear 94 mounted on the base 1 of the other skate (Fig. 36, 37, 38). The gear 94 is integral with the shaft 95 installed in the base 1 of the left ridge. The width “b” of the gear ring is small, i.e. b = (1 ... 3) m, where “m” is the gear module. The gear rack 93 is fixed motionless in the groove of the base 1 of the right ridge. The groove is made through.

Gear 94 can be installed with a moment of friction, excluding its free rotation, due to the landing of the shaft 95 in the hole of the base 1 of the left ridge with interference.

The gear 94 may be equipped with a mechanism of discrete rotation at certain angles, for example, in the form of a ball latch 96. In this case, on the part of the shaft made with an increased diameter, several recesses 97 are provided around the ball latch 96. In this case, the skates are made to change the position of one skate relative to another while maintaining the immobility of the bases 1 of the skates relative to each other in these positions, due to the fixation of the position of the shaft 95 with a ball latch 96.

The device for locking the skates is made in the form of a magnet 98 with magnetic wires 99 fixed on the base 1 of one skate, and an anchor 100 in the base of the other skate (Figs. 39 - 41). The permanent magnet 98 together with two magnetic cores 99 forms a U-shaped magnetic system. In this case, the base 1 of each of the skates is made of a non-magnetic material, for example, aluminum alloy. One of the contact surfaces, for example, the anchor 100, can be made curved (Fig.42, 43).

The levers 59 of the roller skates can be connected to each other by means of a movable connection with a transverse rod 101 located below the level of the person’s knees (Figs. 44, 45). For this, each of the levers 59 is made with a protrusion 102 and a sleeve 103 mounted on the lever 59. Between the protrusion 102 and the sleeve 103, with a gap between them, a sleeve 104 is installed with an internal hole in the form of two oncoming cones, providing the sleeve 104, along with the possibility turning around the lever 59 together with the rod 101, if necessary, skew relative to the longitudinal axis of the lever 59. A screw 105 is screwed into the side surface of the sleeve 104 with a corrugated disk 106 connecting the sleeve 104 by means of an insert 107 with a hollow transverse rod 101, In this case, the insert 107 is fixedly fixed in the rod 101. The gap between the plane of the disk 106 and the end face of the insert 107. As well as the radial clearance between the cylindrical surface of the screw 105 and the hole in the insert 107 (not shown in Fig.), allow the distance between the levers 59 both skates for their free movement relative to each other.

Roller skates can be equipped with a luggage carrier 108 mounted on the transverse rod 101. The luggage carrier is made, for example, in the form of a folding mesh basket, which has protruding parts 109 in the form of hooks. To prevent vibrations of the luggage compartment 108 with large amplitude around the shaft 101 when driving, two stretch marks HO of elastic material can be fitted to connect the side walls of the luggage compartment 108 to the levers 59, as shown in FIG. 44.

Roller skates according to option 1 are used as follows.

Before starting the trip, if necessary, change the gear ratio, the value of which depends on the distance R between the axis of the roller 15 and the axis 10 of the pedal 11 (Fig. 1, 5), unscrew the nut 41 and move the axis 28 with the roller 15 along the grooves 39 in the protruding parts 40 pedals 11 to the desired position, after which the nut 41 is wrapped (Fig. 8).

The person’s foot in the shoe is mounted on the pedal 11 and the belts 29 are fastened, then the lever 32 is pressed by the protruding part 34 by the force of the hand, after which the heel of the foot together with the pedal 11 is lifted so that the protrusion 31 is higher than the lever 32 (in Fig. 7 this is the main the position shown by the main lines), then release the protruding part 34, as a result of the lever 32 under the action of the spring force 33 takes its initial position (Fig.7), and the pedal 11 is able to rotate around axis 10.

When lifting the heel of one foot, for example, the right, the pedal 11 moves along with the foot, turning around the axis 10, the roller 15 moves with the pedal and through the double link 13, the roller 17 and the rocker 18 through the shaft 19 (figure 5) rotates the gear sector 22 to the upper position (shown by a dash-dotted line in Fig. l), respectively, the rotation is transmitted to the gear 23 with the shaft 24 and the double articulated coupling with links 25, 26, 27. 28 (Fig. 10), but this rotation is not transmitted to the rear video 9, as it is kinematically connected to gear 23 by way of overrunning clutch 12.

With the subsequent lowering of the heel of the foot, the toothed sector 22 is rotated to the lower position, transmitting rotational movement through the gear 23 with the shaft 24, the double articulated clutch with links 25, 26, 27. 28 and the freewheel 12 on the shaft 8 with the rear roller 9 in the direction of movement . If the projection of the center of mass of a person G on the road plane while resting on this skate does not coincide with the straight line K ₁ K ₂ passing through the contact points K ₁ and K _{2 of the} front 2 and rear 9 rollers with the road surface (figure 2), then when This causes a tipping moment, which is perceived by the rear additional roller 42, and / or the lever 59, which the person holds with the handle 61 in a position convenient for him, i.e. deflecting it forward or backward relative to the axis "c" (Fig.16), but not allowing contact of the brake roller 77 with the rear roller 9.

Then the movement is performed - lifting the heel of the other, left leg and the subsequent transfer of body weight to the left leg with lowering the heel, while raising the heel of the right leg. Then the cycles of movements are repeated, i.e. a person alternately transfers the weight of his body from one foot to another. It is possible to roll forward when each foot of the foot remains stationary relative to the base of the skate, and the skates roll in this case by inertia, because thanks to the overrunning clutch 12, the stationary state of the gear 23 does not interfere with the rotation of the rear roller 9.

The above movements can be combined or alternate with walking movements.

The contact point K _{1 of the} front roller 2 and the point K _{2 of the} rear roller 9 with the road surface are simultaneously the points of application of forces to the ridge when it interacts with the road. For the ridge construction shown in FIGS. 1-4, the distance K ₁ K ₂ in the front projection, i.e. in the direction perpendicular to the direction of motion is zero, i.e. the projections of the points K ₁ and K ₂ coincide (Fig.Z). In the case of a collision, for example, by the front roller 2 of the right ridge on an obstacle or significant unevenness, the force of resistance to movement will be applied at the point K ₁ or near it and directed against the movement. If at the same time a driving force is applied to the rear roller 9 of the same ridge under the action of a person’s foot force via a pedal 11 or non-muscular drive 79, then due to the coincidence of the projections of the points Ki and K ₂ in the front view, the line of action of the resistance to movement and the driving forces will coincide with or be close to each other, so will not have the time, seeking to expand the skate about a vertical axis passing through the point K _{1 or} the magnitude of this torque is small and balanced by the forces of friction between the rollers 2, 9, 42 and the surface road that will protect your feet from the foot of man increased load.

If the axis 4 of the front roller 2 is parallel to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers at their extreme lower points (not shown in Fig.), And the axis of the rear roller 9 is at an angle “α” to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers 2, 9 at their extreme lower points , which coincides with the road plane (Fig. 3), the distance KiK ₂ in the projection in front, i.e. in the direction perpendicular to the direction of motion will not be zero, i.e. the projections of the points Ki and K ₂ will not coincide, however, the length of the shoulder KiK ₂ in the projection from the front, due to which when the front roller 2 collides with an obstacle, creates a moment of force in the horizontal plane, tending to turn the ridge around a vertical axis passing through the point Ki ₁ will be significantly less than the possible shoulder length KiK ₂ in the front projection with an angle “α” equal to zero, i.e. with the horizontal axis of the rollers 2 and 9.

Thus, the location of the axis of rotation of at least one of the rollers 9 at an angle “α” to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers 2, 9 at their extreme lower points, i.e. to the road plane, when the roller 9 itself is kinematically connected with the drive in the form of a pedal 11 and / or with a non-muscular drive, it reduces the moment of force that tends to turn the ridge around the vertical axis when hitting an obstacle, and in most cases the magnitude of this moment of force is balanced by friction forces between the rollers 2. 9, 42 and the road surface. As a result, the load on the muscles of the legs of a person decreases when driving on a road with significant irregularities. A similar result - a decrease in the load on the muscles of the legs - gives zhenie front 2 and rear 9 rollers with offset relative to the base 1 in the outer side of the ridge (Fig.24).

When using skates with an additional front roller 53, its lower point is usually located at a distance “f” from the road surface (Fig. 3), and only when a person loses balance and the skate is tilted, does roller 53 come into short-term contact with the road, after which the equilibrium is restored, and the size of the gap “f” is restored. In this regard, the roller 53 does not have significant resistance to movement.

In order to change direction, there are three possibilities. The first is the alternate rise (separation) of the ridge from the road.

The second possibility, for skates made without lever 59, is to control the direction of movement by turning the foot with the skate on the road. Due to the fact that the rotation axis 5 of the swivel bracket 3 is shifted forward relative to the contact point K _{1 of the} front roller 2 with the road plane (Fig. 1, 2), when the foot is rotated together with the pedal 11 and the base 1, the swivel bracket 3 together with the front will rotate roller 2 around axis 5. After turning the foot of the foot together with the ridge to its original position corresponding to the direction of movement, the rotary bracket 5 under the action of the force of the spring 7 will restore its neutral position with the front roller 2, as shown in Fig.2. In this case, the person’s hands do not participate in the management. This control of the direction of movement is most effective for roller skates, in which the contact points Ki of the front roller 2 and the contact points K _{2 of the} rear roller 9 of each of the skates are on the straight line KiK ₂ , which coincides with the direction of movement and passes through the projection onto the road plane of the center of mass of the person G when resting it on a given horse (Fig.25).

The third possibility for the skates made with the lever 59 is to control the direction of movement by turning the front roller 2 by rotating the handle 61 on each of the skates. This rotation is transmitted through the rod 62 to the yoke 64 and the leash 70 (Fig. 16), the connection of which forms a drive sleeve capable of transmitting torque at angles of deviation from the alignment of the fork 64 and the roller 69, in which the lead 70 is fixed, up to 15 degrees, t .e. at the same angle, the lever 59 can be deviated from the neutral position, which is quite enough when riding on skates. Next, the rotation of the leash 70 with the roller 69 is transmitted to gear 68, gear sector 73 (Fig. 16, 20) and by means of a rod 74 on the arm 75 of the swing arm 3, in which the front roller 2 is mounted on the axis 4 (Fig. 5), i.e. rotation of roller 2 occurs.

Similarly control the turn of the left skate.

When each of the skates rotates due to the rotation of the roller 2, as described above, in the case of a short contact of the front additional roller 53 with the road due to loss of balance, the roller 53 itself is oriented so that its axis 54 becomes perpendicular to the speed vector of the ridge at the point of contact roller 53 with the road. This is achieved due to the fact that the axis of rotation 54 and, accordingly, the contact point of the roller 53 with the road is shifted backward relative to the axis of rotation "u" of the swing arm 55 by the amount "d" (Fig. 14). The force of the tension spring 57 is selected so that the roller 53 is easily oriented in the direction of movement. In the absence of contact of the roller 53 with the road, due to the tension spring 57, its neutral position is restored, in which the axis 54 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ridge.

For braking, one of the skates, for example, the left skate, is moved forward relative to the right skate or the right skate is shifted back relative to the left skate so that the rear additional roller 42 of the left skate is ahead of the leading edge "n" of the protruding part of the base 1 of the right skate (Fig.22 ), then run into the base of the right ridge on the rear additional roller 42 of the left ridge, as a result of which the indicated roller 42 is pinched between the road surface and the inclined plane 76 located on the lower side surface of the base 1 of the right ridge (23), and this inhibition is achieved.

Another or in addition to the aforementioned possibility of braking is to deflect the lever 59 of one or both skates back to such an angle that the brake roller 77 comes into contact with the surface of the rear roller 9 and presses it with a force sufficient to brake (in Fig. 14 this position shown by a dash-dotted line).

For the construction of skates with non-muscular drive 79, for example, an internal combustion engine, the output shaft 80 of which is directly connected to the shaft 8 by a gear transmission (Fig. 19), braking can be performed by turning off the engine.

In all designs of roller skates, braking can be achieved by turning one of the skates at an angle to the other skate, as this they get fat on ordinary skates when skating on ice. For this type of braking, there is no need to equip the roller skates with a brake.

If necessary, tear off the foot with the ridge from the road surface and raise it to a significant, more than 50 ... 80 mm height, for example, for walking on steps, make a sharp heel press of the foot on the pedal 11 in the lower position, while the protrusion 31 of the pedal 11 due to the presence the bevel on it depresses the lever 32, overcoming the force of the spring 33, and the pedal 11 takes its extreme lower position (shown by a dashed-dotted line in Fig. 7), and the lever 32 under the action of the spring 33 returns to its original position and holds the pedal 11 in the lower position. To release the pedal, a person crouches, squeezes the lever 32 by the protruding part 34 with the force of the hand, and then raises the heel of the foot together with the pedal 11 so that the protrusion 31 is higher than the lever 32 (in Fig. This is the main position, shown by the main lines), then releases the protruding portion 34, as a result, the lever 32 takes its initial position.

When driving on a level road, the load on the rear additional roller 42 is small and amounts to 15 ... 20% of the total load on the rollers 2 and 9. However, when driving the rear additional roller 42 on any obstacle that rises above the road surface, the load on the rollers significantly redistributed, and at this moment, the roller 42, due to its small diameter, can provide significant resistance to movement. To avoid this, the rear additional roller 42 is installed by means of a spring-loaded suspension made in the form of a torsion 44 (Fig. 1, 11), with the possibility of shifting the rear additional roller 42 up and turning in the direction of movement. When hitting an obstacle, the rear additional roller 42 is shifted upward by the load from the side of the road, and the torsion 44 senses the torque from the action of this load through the arm 46 and pivotally connected to the arm 46 of the fork 47. When driving on a flat road, the initial twist angle of the torsion bar 44 is determined by the extreme lower position of the shoulder 50, resting on the limiter 50 (Fig. 1). When driving with a turn, the possibility of turning the rear additional roller 42 in the direction of movement is achieved by the side component of the load on the rear additional roller 42 from the side of the road, which causes the rear additional roller 42 with the fork 47 to rotate around the axis of the articulation of the fork 47 with the shoulder 46 ( Fig. 1). In the absence of lateral putting loads on the rear additional roller 42 from the side of the road, it restores its neutral position under the action of the force of the spring 49.

When performing the means for fixing the legs with the possibility of spontaneous release under shock load on the ridge (not shown in Fig.), When a sudden run over a significant obstacle, the legs will be locked with the ridge, and the person’s foot will freely move forward with respect to the ridge, because . due to the location of the axis of rotation 4 of the front roller 2 at an angle "α" to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers at the extreme lower points of the rollers 2 and 9, i.e. to the road plane (FIG. 3), the upper part of the front roller 2 is located on the side of the path of the foot during unlocking and will not impede the movement of the foot. This will allow in extreme situations to avoid injuries.

For riding on sections of roads with different slopes, the skates can be equipped with a mechanism for changing the gear ratio during riding (not shown in Fig.).

During riding, a person can freely swing the lever 59 forward or backward, as it is convenient for riding and depending on the position of the legs, and this deviation will not affect the position of the leash 70 and, accordingly, of the front roller 2, which is rotatable.

Trips on roller skates in option 2 are different from trips on roller skates in option 1 using a device for locking the left and right skates (Figs. 27 - 43). The driving mode using the locking device is the most rational in the absence of significant obstacles on the road.

The skate locking device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 27 - 29, works as follows. Before starting the blocking, the left leg with the ridge should be shifted forward in the direction of movement relative to the right ridge, and the distance between the skates in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement should be minimal. In this case, the T-shaped guide 83 on the left ridge is located slightly in front of the groove 84 located in the protruding portion 85 of the base 1 of the right ridge with the latch 86, as shown in Fig. 28. With further sharp movement of the right leg with the ridge forward (or the left - back), the T-shaped guide 83 depresses the latch 86 and enters the groove 84, and the latch 86 takes its initial position, i.e. closes. The position of the T-shaped guide 83 on the left ridge relative to the groove 84 with the latch 86 takes the form, as shown in FIG. 27. Since the locking device is a point of contact of the skates located at a height from the road, it simultaneously performs the function of a device for compensating the tipping moment relative to the straight line K ₁ K ₂ (figure 2) of each of the skates.

The force on the spring 87 of the latch 86 is selected so that it can open ("release") only with a fairly sharp movement of the left skate forward relative to the right, or right - back relative to the left. In this case, when the skates are connected to each other, the base of one skate is fixed relative to the other until such a sharp movement is made.

The implementation of the device for locking with limited movement of the skates relative to each other by an amount equal to the size of the gap "S" (Fig.ZO) between the end surface of the protrusion of the T-shaped guide 83 and the lateral surface of the latch 86, allows you to reduce the load on the leg muscles in acceleration mode because the pulling force or the force determining the acceleration of movement is applied to one skate with some delay in time with respect to the other skate, i.e. the extreme load on the leg muscles decreases during acceleration.

When the locking device is equipped with an additional pin 88 (Fig. Зl), the connection of the skates in the locked state acquires additional rigidity, as a result of which the person's position on the skates becomes more stable.

In the device for locking the skates (Figs. 32 - 33), the moment of a pair of forces P ₁ , P ₂ occurs when the base 1 of one skate is skewed relative to the base 1 of the other skate due to the appearance of two contact lines between the T-shaped guide 83 ¹ and the groove 84 ¹ , projections of which in the section are represented by points C ₁ and C ₂ (Fig. 33). A person can create a skew of the base 1 of one ridge relative to the base 1 of the other ridge by shifting his center of mass G back, as close as possible to the rear additional roller 42 (figure 2). This will increase the vertical component of the load on the rear additional roller 42 and, accordingly, the amount of torque applied to the torsion bar 44, as a result of this, the twist angle of the torsion bar 44 will increase, and the ridge base 1 will rotate a small angle relative to the straight line K ₁ K ₂ , while part of the base 1 on the inside of the ridge, i.e. from the side of the locking device, it will go down and there will be a skew of the base 1 of one ridge 1 base of another ridge. The amount of skew depends on the geometry of the T-shaped guide 83 ^ι and the groove 84 ^ι and practically does not exceed 2 - 4 degrees. In this case, when connecting the skates to each other, both the immobility of the base of one skate relative to another and the possibility of changing the position of one skate relative to another while maintaining the immobility of the bases of the skates relative to each other in these positions are ensured. To change the position of one ridge relative to another or to separate them, a person shifts his center of mass G forward, decreasing the amount of skew to zero, while the moment of a pair of forces P ₁ , P ₂ and the increased friction force caused by this moment disappear.

In the device for locking the skates (Figs. 35 - 36), the skates are aligned so that the latch 92 engages in one of the holes 91. In this case, the bases of the skates remain stationary relative to each other in different positions. To change the position of one ridge relative to another, a person applies a force directed to displace, for example, the left ridge backward relative to the right ridge, while the latch 92 under the action of lateral force applied to its conical surface from the side of the corresponding conical opening 91 of the T-shaped protrusion 90 , is wrung out, and the left ridge is shifted back relative to the right ridge by an amount equal to the distance between the conical holes 91, and the latch 92 enters the corresponding hole 91, i.e. takes a starting position. The base of the skates again acquire a state of immobility relative to each other in a position displaced relative to each other. When driving with the skates shifted, the distance between the points of contact with the road surface of the front roller 2 of the skate shifted forward (in Figs. 47 and 48 is the right skate) and the rear additional roller 42 of the skate shifted back (in Figs. 46 and 47 - increased left skate), which increases the longitudinal stability when moving using a device to block the skates and reduces the likelihood of a fall in case of a possible collision with an obstacle or sudden braking.

The skate blocking device, as shown in FIG. 36 - 38, works as follows. Before starting the lock, the left leg with the ridge should be shifted or forward in the direction of movement with respect to the right ridge, as shown in FIG. 37, or backward (not shown in FIG.), And the distance between the skates in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement should be minimal. With further sharp movement of the right leg with the ridge forward (or the left - back) the gear 94 enters the groove of the base 1 of the right ridge and, overcoming the moment of friction, excluding its free rotation, i.e. increased frictional moment and, in rotation, engages with gear rack 93. Since the width “b” of the gear ring gear 94 is small (Fig. 38), a slight non-parallelism of the base 1 of one ridge relative to the base 1 of the other, possible due to inaccurate orientation one leg of a person relative to the other does not prevent the gear 94 from gearing with the rack 93. After the person removes the effort to displace one ridge relative to the other, or reduce this effort to values that can be balanced increased friction torque shaft 95 about its axis of rotation, the pinion 94 becomes stationary relative to the base 1 of the left skate, i.e. the connection of the skates with each other ensures the immobility of the base 1 of one skate relative to another. If necessary, a person can again exert a force aimed at displacing one skate relative to another, and sufficient to overcome the increased moment of friction of the gear 94 relative to its axis of rotation, as a result, the position of one skate relative to the other will change, and after the person reduces the force of the base 1 of the skates, they will become stationary relative to each other.

When the gear 94 is equipped with a discrete rotation mechanism at certain angles in the form of a ball latch 96 (Fig. 38), the values of the possible displacement of the base of the skates relative to each other are discrete and are determined by the angle between adjacent recesses 97 on the shaft part 95, made with an increased diameter. When this mechanism works, it is possible to change the position of the base of one ridge relative to another while maintaining the motion of the bases of the ridge relative to each other in these positions, due to the fixation of the position of the shaft 95 with a ball latch 96.

In the device for locking the skates using the magnet 98 (Fig. 39 - 41), there is no need to perform before locking the displacement of one skate relative to another in the direction of movement. It is enough to bring the skates closer so that the anchor 100 in the base 1 of one skate touches the U-shaped magnetic system of magnet 98 and two magnetic cores 99 in the base 1 of the other skate. As a result of this, the magnetic flux indicated in FIG. 40 magnetic line of force "F", will pass through the anchor 100, i.e. closes through it, and there will be an attractive force between the two magnetic circuits 99 and the armature 100, which will cause friction in the case of a person’s efforts to move the skates of one relative to the other in the direction of movement. Applying a force greater than the force of friction, a person can change the position of one skate relative to another. After removing the force or reducing it to a value less than the friction force, the state of immobility of the skates relative to each other is maintained. There are two options for disconnecting skates. The first possibility is that a person displaces the skates relative to each other in the direction of movement by an amount sufficient to displace the armature 100 along the plane of contact with the magnetic cores 99 until the contact with at least one magnetic circuit 99 breaks. The second possibility is that the person moves the back of the skates relative to each other in direction perpendicular to the direction of movement and directed towards the separation of the skates, by a value of 8 - 12 mm with a force sufficient to overcome the attractive force between the armature 100 and nitoprovodami 99. With such a value of the air gap between the armature 100 and the magnetic cores 99, the attractive force is negligibly small therebetween and skates will be disconnected.

When one of the contact surfaces, for example, the armature 100, is curved (Figs. 42, 43), the skew of the base 1 of one ridge relative to the base 1 of the other ridge, the appearance of which is possible due to a change in the load on the rear additional roller 42 and, accordingly, a change in the twist angle torsion 44, will not lead to a significant decrease in the magnetic flux "F" and, accordingly, the attractive force between the armature 100 and the magnetic cores 99, because the curvature of the contact surface of the armature 100 allows it to rotate with the base 1 relative to the magnetic cores 99 by a small angle without changing the contact area between them (Fig. 43).

When skating in a blocked state, the movements of a person’s legs are similar to those movements when he “moves” from one foot to another. In this case, the driving force from the ridge on which the torque is applied to the rear roller 9, i.e. from an active ridge, it is transmitted to another, passive ridge through a locking device, i.e. transmitted directly through the design of the skates and without participation in this transmission the efforts of the muscles of the legs of a person, which significantly reduces fatigue and allows you to travel long distances without the "extra" cost of effort. The presence of a gap "S" allows you to reduce the load on the leg muscles in acceleration mode. When riding in a locked state with the skates displaced relative to each other, the longitudinal stability when moving is increased and the probability of a person falling when hitting an obstacle or braking is reduced.

When riding on skates according to option 2 in the absence of blocking or in the state of blocking with the possibility of displacement of one skate relative to another by the value “S” (Fig. ZO), in the case of a collision, for example, with the front roller 2 of one of the skates on an obstacle on a person’s legs there will be no additional load tending to turn the ridge around the vertical axis. The absence of this additional load is due to the fact that, as in the skates according to option 1, the axis of rotation of at least one of the rollers 9 is located at an angle “α” to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers 2, 9 at their lowermost points, when the roller is made 9 kinematically connected with the drive in the form of a pedal 11 and / or with a non-muscular drive 79. As a result, the load on the muscles of the legs of a person is reduced while driving but with significant irregularities.

When using skates with levers 59, they can be interconnected by a transverse hollow rod 101 by means of hinges (Figs. 44, 45) and located below the level of a person’s knees. Such a connection increases the stability during movement and eliminates the need for additional front rollers 53. The connection between the levers 59 and the transverse hollow rod 101 in the form of the structure shown in Fig. 45 provides sufficient mobility of the skates relative to each other and does not create significant inconvenience when moving, with the exception of walking up the stairs. This mobility is ensured by the articulation of the levers 59 themselves with the bases 1 of the right and left skates, the presence of axial and radial clearances between the sleeve 104 and the lever 59 with the protrusion 102 and the stationary sleeve 103, as well as the geometry of the inner surface of the sleeve 104 shown in Fig. 45.

When equipping the skates with a luggage carrier 108 mounted on the transverse rod 101, a person can place the necessary hand luggage in it, the dimensions of which are limited by the size of the luggage compartment and the amplitude of movement of the legs when riding.

When equipping each of the skates with a non-muscular drive 79, for example, in the form of a heat engine or electric drive, skating trips over considerable distances are possible, determined by the mass of the energy carrier placed on the skates.

The proposed design of roller skates allows, in the presence of a device to compensate for overturning moment in the form of additional front 53 and rear 42 rollers and levers 59, to master the technique of riding on skates even of that part a population that does not have any skills in running, skating, cycling, etc., i.e. has no sports training, while the minimum health requirements are imposed - an elementary sense of balance, as with ordinary walking, and the speed of reaction to danger, allowing you to apply braking in time.

When you achieve sufficient riding skills on the proposed skates, you can ride without installing levers 59, as well as without additional front rollers 53.

At the end of ice skating, if a transverse rod 101 was used, it is separated from the levers 59 by unscrewing the screw 105 from the sleeve 104 by rotating the corrugated disk 106 thereon. Then the latches 72 are turned away (Fig. 16), the levers 59 with the rods 62 inside are disconnected from the base 1 and are telescopically folded (not shown in Fig.). Next, the earring 51 is pulled back, and the rear additional roller 42 together with the torsion bar 44 is displaced along its axis to the inside of the ridge so that the shoulder 46 of the torsion bar 44 is released from contact with the limiter 50, and the protrusion 45 of the torsion bar 44 comes out of the groove in the base of the ridge 1 and does not prevented the rotation of the torsion 44. after which the rear additional roller 42 is rotated around the axis of the torsion 44 to the front roller 2, as shown in FIG. 21.

After that, the skates fold together. The location of the two rollers 2 and 9 on the base with an offset relative to the leg support and the execution of the rear additional roller 42 with the possibility of rotation around the axis of the torsion 44 to the front roller 2, provide minimal dimensions of the skates when folded and allow them to be put in a travel bag (in FIG. not shown), convenient for transportation on foot or in public or other transport.

The skates are assembled in the reverse order, but with the peculiarity that when installing the lever 59 with the rod 62 and the fork 64 fixed on it, it is necessary to use the handle 61 to deploy the fork 64 to a certain position corresponding to the position of the leash 70 so that it fits into the grooves 65 plugs 64 (Fig.16, 17).

Thus, the proposed roller skates have the following advantages:

one). The location of the axes of rotation of the rollers 2 and 9 at an angle to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers at their extreme lower points, i.e., to the road plane, when the filling of the roller 9 kinematically connected with the drive, allows you to reduce the load on the muscles of the legs when driving on rough roads.

2). The implementation of roller skates with the ability to connect with each other and the possibility of separation (only for option 2) can significantly reduce the load on the leg muscles when riding using a device to block the skates.

3). The ability to change the position of the base of one skate relative to another while maintaining the motion of the base of the skates relative to each other in an offset position (only for option 2) increases the longitudinal stability when a person moves using a device to block the skates and reduces the likelihood of falling when hitting an obstacle or when braking sharply.

four). The implementation of the roller 15 with the possibility of moving along the pedal 11 and fixing in a certain position allows you to implement a fairly simple mechanism for setting the required gear ratio, which gives a person the opportunity to choose the optimal driving mode for the load on the leg muscles, taking into account the possible slope of the road, wind direction and t .d.

5). The location of the extreme lower points of the front 2 and rear 9 rollers on a straight line coinciding with the direction of movement, and the front roller 2 can be rotated allows a person to change the direction of movement without taking their skates off the road and without the participation of hands in controlling the direction of movement, with minimal energy consumption.

6). The multivariate use of skates - with or without pivotally mounted levers 59, with or without a transverse shaft 101, with one or two additional rollers 42 and 53 - allows everyone to choose the most convenient mode of operation, taking into account their physical condition, age, riding experience, road condition and travel distance.

7). The location of the rollers 2 and 9 with an offset relative to the base 1, and the axes of rotation of the rollers 2 and 9 at an angle to the road plane, and the execution of the rear additional roller 44 with the possibility of rotation around the axis of the torsion bar 44 to the front roller 2, provide minimal dimensions of the skates when folded, which makes them convenient for transportation.

8). The use of two types of braking - legs with pinching the rear additional roller 42 of one ridge between an inclined plane 76 of the other ridge and the road surface, and with the help of a brake roller 77 mounted on the lever 59, as well as the implementation of means for fixing the legs with the possibility of spontaneous release during shock load, increase the safety of operation.

9). Equipping the skates with a non-muscular drive 79, for example, in the form of a heat engine or electric drive, will make it possible to make skating trips over considerable distances.

10). The ability to install the trunk 108 on the transverse rod 101 allows a person to carry cargo on roller skates.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

In view of the foregoing, the proposed roller skates can be used for riding on sidewalks and rough roads with various types of coatings as a vehicle alternative to bicycles, and using a non-muscular drive as an alternative to mopeds, as well as a sports tool.

Information sources

1. Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation N ° 2107533, IPC A63C17 / 02, published 03/27/98.

2. Description of the invention to ed. testimonial. USSR Ns 1757695, IPC A63C17 / 00, published 08/30/92.

3. Description of the invention to ed. testimonial. USSR Ns 1750718, IPC A63C17 / 12, published July 30, 1992.

4. Description to international application PCT / RU2004 / 000120, IPC A63C 17/00, published October 28, 04, international publication number WO 2004/091739.

Claims

CLAIM

1. Roller skates (option 1), containing rollers (2), (9) mounted with offset relative to the base (1), and means for fixing the legs, characterized in that the axis of rotation of at least one of the rollers (2) or (9 ) of each ridge is located at an angle to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers (2), (9) at their extreme lower points, and the specified roller (2) or (9) is kinematically connected with the drive.

2. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that the front roller (2) is displaced relative to the base (1) on the inside of the skate, and the rear roller (9) is on the outside of the skate.

3. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive of each skate is made in the form of a pedal (11) pivotally mounted on the basis of (1), kinematically connected by means of a double articulated clutch and an overrunning clutch (12) with at least one roller ( 9) and which is a means for fixing the legs.

4. Roller skates according to claim 3, characterized in that the kinematic connection of the pedal (11) with the rear roller (9) includes a double link (13), in one groove (14) of which a roller (15) is connected to the pedal (11) ), in another groove (16), a roller (17) connected to the beam (18) connected to the gear sector (22), forming a gear with a gear (23) connected to the overrunning clutch (12) by means of a double articulated clutch.

5. Roller skates according to claim 3, characterized in that they are equipped with a device for fixing the pedal (11) in the lower position.

6. Roller skates according to claim 3, characterized in that the pedal (11) is equipped with an elastic element for its return to the upper position.

7. Roller skates according to claim 4, characterized in that they are equipped with a gear ratio change mechanism.

8. Roller skates according to claim 4, characterized in that the roller (15) associated with the pedal (11) is mounted on it with the possibility of movement along the pedal (11) and fixation in a certain position.

9. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for fixing the legs are made with the possibility of spontaneous release when the shock load on the ridge.

10. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive is made in the form of a non-muscular drive (79), for example, in the form of a heat engine or an electric drive.

11. Roller skates according to claim 10, characterized in that the heat engine is made in the form of an internal combustion engine.

12. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive of each skate is made in the form of a combination of a pedal (11) pivotally mounted on the base (1) kinematically connected by means of a double articulated clutch and an overrunning clutch (12) with at least one roller (9), and non-muscular drive (79), for example, in the form of a heat engine or electric drive.

13. Roller skates according to claim 12, characterized in that the output shaft (80) of the non-muscular drive (79) is parallel to the axis of the shaft (8) of the rear roller (9) and is connected to the shaft (8) by means of an additional overrunning clutch (81).

14. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that they are equipped with a device for compensating the overturning moment.

15. Roller skates according to claim 14, characterized in that the device for compensating the overturning moment is made in the form of a rear additional roller (42) located offset from the base (1) to the inner side of the skate and shifting its axis (43) back relative to rear axle

(9).

16. Roller skates according to claim 15, characterized in that the rear additional roller (42) is mounted by means of a spring-loaded suspension made in the form of a torsion bar (44), and with the possibility of turning the rear additional roller (42) in the direction of movement.

17. Roller skates according to claim 16, characterized in that the rear additional roller (42) is rotatable around the axis of the torsion bar (44) to the front roller (2).

18. Roller skates according to claim 14, characterized in that a front additional roller (53) is inserted into the device for compensating the overturning moment, located offset from the base (1) on the outer side of the skate, and the lower point of the front additional roller (53) is above the lower points of the remaining rollers (2), (9) and (42).

19. Roller skates according to 14, characterized in that the device for compensating the overturning moment is made in the form of a lever (59) with a handle (61) pivotally mounted on the basis of each ridge.

20. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that the front roller (2) is rotatable.

21. Roller skates according to claim 20, characterized in that the axis (5) of rotation of the front roller (2) is shifted forward relative to its axis of rotation (4).

22. Roller skates according to claim 20, characterized in that the axis (5) of rotation of the front roller (2) is located at an angle to the vertical.

23. Roller skates according to claim 20, characterized in that they are provided with a drive mechanism for turning the front roller (2) by means of a handle (61) at the end of the lever (59), made rotary.

24. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the base (1), a tight-fitting foot (58) is fixedly fixed, which is a device for compensating the overturning moment and at the same time means for fixing the legs.

25. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that they are equipped with a brake in the form of an inclined plane (76) or a curved surface located on the side of the lower surface of the base (1) of the ridge and with the possibility of pinching the rear additional roller (42) of the other ridge the indicated inclined plane (76) or a curved surface and a plane of contact of the surfaces of the rollers (2), (9) at their extreme lower points.

26. Roller skates according to claim 19, characterized in that they are equipped with an additional brake device in the form of a brake roller (77) placed on the lever (59) of the device to compensate for overturning moment.

27. Roller skates according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers are provided with shields for protection against dirt.

28. Roller skates (option 2), made with the possibility of connection with each other and the possibility of separation, containing mounted with an offset relative to the base (1) rollers (2), (9) and means for fixing the legs, characterized in that the axis of rotation at least one of the rollers (2) or (9) of each ridge is located at an angle to the plane of contact of the surfaces of the role kov (2), (9) at their extreme lower points, and the specified roller (2) or (9) is kinematically connected with the drive.

29. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that the connection of the bases (1) of the skates to each other is made stationary and can be disconnected.

30. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that the connection of the bases (1) of the skates to each other is made limitedly movable and can be disconnected.

31. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that the connection of the bases (1) of the skates with each other is made with the possibility of changing their position relative to each other while maintaining the motionlessness of the bases (1) of the skates relative to each other in these positions and the possibility of separation.

32. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that for connecting the skates to each other and to separate them, they are equipped with a device for locking the skates.

33. Roller skates according to claim 32, characterized in that the device for locking the skates is made in the form of a protrusion (83) in the base (1) of one skate and a groove (84) corresponding to the protrusion (83), in the base (1) of the other skate .

34. Roller skates according to claim 33, characterized in that the protrusion (83 ^ι ) in the base (1) of one skate and the groove (84 ¹ ) corresponding to the protrusion (83 ¹ ) in the base (1) of the other skate are configured to creating between them the moment of a pair of forces, providing increased friction when displacing one skate relative to another.

35. Roller skates according to claim 33, characterized in that the groove (84) corresponding to the protrusion (83) in the base (1) of the other skate is provided with a spring-loaded lock (86).

36. Roller skates according to claim 35, characterized in that the protrusion (90) in the base (1) of one skate has two or more holes (91) for the lock (92) located in the direction of movement.

37. Roller skates according to claim 32, characterized in that the device for locking the skates is made in the form of a gear rack (93) in the base (1) of one skate and gear (94) mounted on the base (1) of another skate.

38. Roller skates according to clause 37, characterized in that the gear (94) is installed with a moment of friction, excluding its free rotation.

39. Roller skates according to clause 37, wherein the gear (94) is equipped with a discrete rotation mechanism at certain angles, for example, in the form of a ball latch (96).

40. Roller skates according to claim 33, characterized in that the locking device is additionally equipped with a pin (88) on one skate and a return groove (89) made in the base (1) of another skate at a height different from the height of the other protrusion (83) and a groove in return (84).

41. Roller skates according to claim 32, characterized in that the device for locking the skates is made in the form of a magnet (98), mounted on the base (1) of one skate, and an anchor (100) in the base (1) of the other skate.

42. Roller skates according to paragraph 41, characterized in that the contact surface of the armature (100) and / or magnetic circuits (99) with a magnet (98) is made curved.

43. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that the front roller (2) is displaced relative to the base (1) on the inside of the skate, and the rear roller (9) is on the outside of the skate.

44. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that the drive of each skate is made in the form of a pedal (11) pivotally mounted on the basis of (1) kinematically connected by means of a double articulated clutch and an overrunning clutch (12) with at least one roller ( 9) and which is a means for fixing the legs.

45. Roller skates according to claim 44, characterized in that the kinematic connection of the pedal (11) with the rear roller (9) includes a double link (13), in one groove (14) of which a roller (15) is connected to the pedal (11) ), in another groove (16), a roller (17) connected to the beam (18) connected to the gear sector (22), forming a gear with a gear (23) connected to the overrunning clutch (12) by means of a double articulated clutch.

46. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that the drive is made in the form of a non-muscular drive, for example, in the form of a heat engine or electric drive.

47. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that they are equipped with a device for compensating the overturning moment.

48. Roller skates according to claim 47, characterized in that the device for compensating the overturning moment is made in the form of an additional rear roller (42) located offset from the base (1) into the inner side of the ridge and with an offset of its axis (43) back relative to the axis of the rear roller

(9).

49. Roller skates according to claim 47, characterized in that a front additional roller (53) is inserted into the device for tilting moment compensation, located offset from the base (1) on the outside of the skate, and the lower point of the front additional roller (53) is above the lower points of the remaining rollers (2), (9) and (42).

50. Roller skates according to claim 47, characterized in that the device for compensating the overturning moment is made in the form of a lever (59) with a handle (61) pivotally mounted on the basis of each skate.

51. Roller skates according to claim 50, characterized in that the levers (59) are interconnected by a transverse rod (101) by means of a movable connection and are equipped with a luggage carrier (108).

52. Roller skates according to claim 28, characterized in that the front roller (2) is rotatable.