WO2006059424A1 - 可変長符号化方法、装置およびプログラム - Google Patents
可変長符号化方法、装置およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006059424A1 WO2006059424A1 PCT/JP2005/017484 JP2005017484W WO2006059424A1 WO 2006059424 A1 WO2006059424 A1 WO 2006059424A1 JP 2005017484 W JP2005017484 W JP 2005017484W WO 2006059424 A1 WO2006059424 A1 WO 2006059424A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/40—Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
- H03M7/46—Conversion to or from run-length codes, i.e. by representing the number of consecutive digits, or groups of digits, of the same kind by a code word and a digit indicative of that kind
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
- H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
- H04N19/93—Run-length coding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a video encoding technique, and more particularly to a variable-length encoding method and apparatus for encoding an input image block using a variable-length code, and a program thereof.
- variable-length code In compression coding when recording or transmitting a moving image signal, a variable-length code is used to increase coding efficiency.
- Variable-length coding is a method of reducing the amount of information by using bias in the probability of signal generation. Short codewords are assigned to information with a high probability of occurrence, and the probability of occurrence is low! Assign code words.
- video coding schemes such as MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)
- MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group
- a video signal is subjected to motion compensation prediction, discrete cosine transform, and quantization processing, and is variable-length coded in units of blocks of 8 pixels in the horizontal direction and 8 pixels in the vertical direction.
- motion compensation prediction discrete cosine transform
- quantization processing discrete cosine transform
- variable-length coded in units of blocks of 8 pixels in the horizontal direction and 8 pixels in the vertical direction.
- Block data that is a two-dimensional array is rearranged into one-dimensional data according to a predetermined scanning order as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
- variable length codes are assigned only to those with high event occurrence frequency, and those with low event occurrence frequency are encoded by fixed length encoding without using variable length codes.
- each run and level is fixed-length code.
- a special code for representing that the code is a fixed-length code. Is added before the run and level fixed-length codes. This special code is called an escape code
- the code length of the event is the sum of the code length of the run code, the code length of the level code, and the code length of the escape code.
- FIG. 2 shows the correspondence between the code length and the event of the variable length code adopted in the MPEG-2 system.
- the code table is such that the smaller the run and level values, the shorter the code length. For example, if the run value is 2 and the level value event, it will be coded by a code with a 13-bit code length.
- a fixed-length code is used for a combination of run and level whose code length is not described in FIG.
- MPEG-2 format uses 6 bits for the escape code, 6 bits for the run, 12 bits for the level, and a total length of 24 bits.
- an event in which a fixed-length code is used has a longer code length than an event in which a variable-length code is used.
- the code length of events with low frequency of occurrence becomes longer.
- the encoding efficiency decreases and the image quality after encoding decreases.
- An object of the present invention is to suppress generation of a code having a long code length without conspicuous deterioration in image quality, to improve code efficiency, and to improve average image quality as a result.
- a long encoding method, apparatus and program are provided.
- the present invention provides a variable-length code encoding device for encoding an input image block using a variable-length code
- a scan conversion processing unit that converts a pixel block to be encoded into one-dimensional data, a run that is the number of continuous zero data in the one-dimensional data converted by the scan conversion processing unit, and continuous zero data
- a run-level aggregation section that aggregates the levels that are non-zero coefficient values that appear after
- a level value correction determination unit that is determined as an event to perform
- a level value correction processing unit that performs correction to reduce the absolute value of the level of the event determined to be corrected by the level value correction determination unit;
- the level value correction determination unit determines that the level value is not corrected and A code table reference processing unit for performing variable-length codes for events whose level values have been corrected by the level value correction processing unit.
- the level value correction determination unit records the event only when the event does not exist in the variable-length code table and a fixed-length code is performed unless level correction is performed. It may be determined that the bell value correction is performed.
- the level value correction processing unit may correct the level value so that the absolute value of the level after correction is 1 smaller than the absolute value of the level before correction.
- the level value is corrected so that the absolute value of the level is small, and the force is also signed. Yes.
- the phenomenon that was encoded in the fixed-length code because it did not exist in the variable-length code table before correction can now be found in the variable-length code table after correction.
- it is encoded by a variable length code. Therefore, it is possible to code with a small code amount.
- events that correct the level value are only for events where the absolute value of the level is small and the value of the run is large, and are performed only in places where the level is small in a relatively high frequency range. The resulting error is difficult to perceive by the human eye. Since the generated code amount can be suppressed by level correction, it is possible to assign the suppressed code amount to the code sign of the subsequent data after the corrected place. The image quality will be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a scanning order of each data in a pixel block.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the correspondence between events and code lengths in variable-length codes.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a variable-length code keying apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the variable length coding apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the variable length coding apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a variable-length code keying apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a pixel block for performing a sign in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a data string after scan conversion of the pixel block shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the data string shown in FIG. 8 summarized into a set of runs and levels.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing level adjustments made to the run and level pairs (events) shown in FIG.
- variable length coding device includes a scan conversion processing unit 101, a run level totaling unit 102, a level value correction determination unit 103, and a level value correction processing unit. 104 and a code table reference processing unit 105.
- a scan conversion processing unit 101 receives video data and converts a pixel block to be encoded into one-dimensional data.
- the run level totaling unit 102 is a level that is the number of consecutive zero data in the one-dimensional data converted by the scan conversion processing unit 101 and the value of a non-zero coefficient that appears next to the continuous outlet data. Are counted.
- the level value correction determination unit 103 sets in advance a value of a level in which the run value is larger than a preset run threshold among the events that are also run and level force totaled in the run level totaling unit 102. An event smaller than the set level threshold is determined as an event for correcting the level value.
- the level value correction determination unit 103 does not determine whether or not to perform level value correction from the run value and the level value, and the event does not exist in the variable length code table and level correction is performed. Otherwise, it may be determined that the level correction of the event is performed only when the fixed-length code is performed.
- the level value correction processing unit 104 performs correction to reduce the absolute value of the level of the event determined to be corrected by the level value correction determination unit 103.
- the code table reference processing unit 105 refers to the variable length code table in which the event to be encoded is associated with the variable length code, and the level value correction determination unit 103 determines the level value. Variable length codes for events that have been determined not to be corrected and events whose level value has been corrected by the level value correction processing unit 104 are performed.
- variable length coding apparatus Next, the overall operation of the variable length coding apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram in which the event in which the sign is to be performed exists in the variable-length code table, that is, whether or not the variable-length code is possible, and the level set in advance. It is a flow chart showing an operation when determining whether or not to perform level correction depending on whether or not it is smaller than a threshold LevelT h.
- the run level totaling unit 102 extracts the top data of the pixel block and starts variable length coding processing (step Al). Then, the run level totaling unit 102 obtains the run and level from the extracted data and the number of preceding zero data (step A2).
- the level value correction determination unit 103 checks whether or not an event composed of the obtained run and the level column exists in the encoding table (step A3).
- the code table reference processing unit 105 performs variable length code processing according to the code table (step A8). If the event does not exist in the sign table, the level value correction determination unit 103 checks whether or not the absolute value of the level is smaller than the level threshold LevelTh prepared in advance (step A4). If the absolute value of the level is greater than Level Th, the level value is not corrected for the event, and an escape code followed by a fixed-length code is output in step A8.
- the level value correction processing unit 104 checks whether the level value is positive or negative (step A5). If the level value is positive, the level value correction processing unit 104 subtracts 1 from the level value (step A6). If the level value is negative, the level value correction processing unit 104 adds 1 to the level value (step A7). Then, the corrected level value and the event that is the value of the run obtained previously are encoded in the code table reference processing unit 105 (step A8).
- step A9 it is checked whether or not all data in the pixel block has been encoded. If encoding of all data has not been completed, the run level totaling unit 102 resets the run and level values to zero for the sign of the subsequent data (step A10).
- step All the next data is extracted in accordance with the determined scanning order (step All), and the run level totaling unit 102 checks whether this data is zero (step A12). If the data value is zero, the run level tabulation unit 102 adds 1 to the run value. Calculate and return to Step Al l (Step Al 3). If the data value is not zero, the run-level tabulation unit 102 uses this value as a level value and returns to step A2 (step A14). If the signing of all data is completed, the signing process for the pixel block is completed.
- the event to be performed does not exist in the variable length code table and the fixed length is not present. If the absolute value of the level is smaller than the level threshold Levelvel, the force is also corrected by correcting the absolute value of the level to be smaller by 1. By correcting the level value, the corrected event may be present in the code table. In this case, the variable length code can be obtained by correcting the code with a small code amount. Can be
- the correction Since the correction is encoded as an event different from the original event, an error occurs during correction. However, the correction is performed in a place where the level absolute value is small and the run is large, that is, relatively. Since the level is high and low in the frequency domain and is performed only in a place, the error caused by the correction is difficult to be perceived by the human eye.
- the generated code amount can be suppressed by the level correction, it is possible to assign the suppressed code amount to the code sign of the subsequent data after the corrected place. The image quality will be improved.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the variable-length code display device according to the first embodiment described above.
- the level correction is performed when the event to be encoded does not exist in the variable length code table and the level value is smaller than the level threshold LevelTh.
- whether or not the run value of the event to be performed is larger than the run threshold value RunTh, and whether or not the level is smaller than a preset level threshold value LevelTh. Whether or not to perform level correction is determined.
- variable length coding apparatus [0042] Next, the operation of the variable length coding apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- the configuration of the variable length coding apparatus according to this embodiment is the same as that of the variable length coding apparatus shown in FIG. 3, and will be described with reference to the reference numerals in FIG.
- the run level totaling unit 102 also obtains the run and level for the extracted data and the number of preceding zero data (step B2).
- the level value correction determination unit 103 checks whether or not the obtained run is larger than a prepared run threshold value RunTh (step B3). If the run is smaller than RunTh, the code table reference processing unit 105 performs variable length encoding or fixed length code encoding according to the code key table (step B8). If the run is greater than the run threshold RunTh, the level value corrected version wisdom unit 103 checks whether the absolute value of the level is less than the prepared level threshold LevelTh (step B4). If the absolute value of the level is greater than the level threshold Levelvel, the level value is not corrected, and the code table reference processing unit 105 refers to the variable length code table and performs variable length encoding or fixed length encoding. (Step B8).
- the level value correction processing unit 104 checks whether the level value is positive or negative (step B5). If the level value is positive, the level value correction processing unit 104 subtracts 1 from the level value (step B6). If the level value is negative, the level value correction processing unit 104 adds 1 to the level value (step B7). Then, the corrected level value and the event that is the previously obtained run value are encoded by the code table reference processing unit 105. (Step B8)
- step B9 it is checked whether or not all data in the pixel block has been signed (step B9). And if the sign of all data is not complete, the run level totaling unit 1 02 resets the run and level values to zero for encoding the subsequent data (step B10).
- step B11 the next data is extracted in accordance with the determined scanning order (step B11), and the run-level totaling unit 102 checks whether this data is zero (step B12). If the data value is zero, the run-level tabulation unit 102 adds 1 to the run value and returns to step B11 (step B13). If the value of the data is not zero, the run level totaling unit 102 sets this value as the level value and returns to Step B2 (Step B14). If the encoding of all data is completed, the encoding process for the pixel block is terminated.
- the absolute value of the level of the event to be performed is smaller than the level threshold Levelvel.
- the run value is greater than the run threshold, correct the force so that the absolute value of the level is reduced by 1 and perform a force sign.
- the code length of the event after correction may be shorter than the event before correction. In this case, it is possible to encode with a smaller code amount by correcting.
- the correction Since the correction is encoded as an event different from the original event, an error occurs at the time of correction. However, the correction is performed in a place where the level absolute value is small and the run is large, that is, relatively. Since the level is high and small in the frequency domain and is performed only in a place, the error caused by the correction becomes difficult to be perceived by human eyes.
- the generated code amount can be suppressed by the level correction, it is possible to assign the suppressed code amount to the sign of the subsequent data after the corrected place. The image quality will be improved.
- variable length coding apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- the third embodiment of the present invention shows a specific configuration for a case where the variable-length encoding method shown in the first and second embodiments described above is executed by a computer system.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a computer system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- This computer system is equipped with a program control processor 401.
- the program control processor 401 is connected to a program memory 402 storing a necessary program and a code table memory 413.
- the program module stored in the program memory 402 includes scan conversion processing 414, run level totaling processing 415, level value correction determination processing 416, level value correction processing 417, and code table reference processing. It is composed of programs for realizing 418.
- the main program is a main program that executes variable-length codes.
- Scan conversion processing 4 14, run level tabulation processing 415, level value correction determination processing 416, level value correction processing 417, code table reference processing 418 program modules are the scan conversion processing section 101 shown in FIG.
- Each of the unit 102, the level value correction determination unit 103, the level value correction processing unit 104, and the code table reference processing unit 105 is functionally realized.
- the program control processor 401 By executing the main program and each functional module by the program control processor 401, the variable length code according to the present invention is executed.
- variable length code encoding method may be applied to a moving image compression method based on, for example, the MPEG-2 algorithm, but of course the present invention. Is not limited to such a case. Needless to say, the present invention is applicable to all methods as long as the variable-length code is used.
- variable length code based on the combination of run and level shall have the code length shown in Fig.2.
- level correction is performed when the absolute level value is smaller than 2 and the run is larger than 17.
- the pixel blocks are scanned in the zigzag scan order shown in FIG. 1, and converted into one-dimensional data as shown in FIG.
- This one-dimensional data can be expressed as a combination of run and level, as shown in Fig. 9.
- the combination of run and level after level correction is as shown in Fig. 10.
- the code amount required to code this pixel block is 71 (14 + 14 + 5 + 13 + 8 + 17) bits, and the code amount for 24 bits can be suppressed. Because there is a corrected event, an error will occur in this pixel block, but the suppressed code amount for 24 bits can be used for the subsequent code, so the image quality of the entire video Will improve.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006547663A JPWO2006059424A1 (ja) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-09-22 | 可変長符号化方法、装置およびプログラム |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2004348539 | 2004-12-01 | ||
| JP2004-348539 | 2004-12-01 |
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| WO2006059424A1 true WO2006059424A1 (ja) | 2006-06-08 |
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| PCT/JP2005/017484 Ceased WO2006059424A1 (ja) | 2004-12-01 | 2005-09-22 | 可変長符号化方法、装置およびプログラム |
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| WO (1) | WO2006059424A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009075107A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Panasonic Corporation | 画像符号化装置、符号化レート変換装置、映像音声ストリーム記録装置、ネットワーク配信システム、係数変換装置、集積回路及び画像符号化方法 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1022835A (ja) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-01-23 | Sony Corp | 可変長符号化装置および可変長符号化方法、可変長復号化装置および可変長復号化方法、可変長符号処理装置、並びに画像符号化装置および画像復号化装置 |
| WO1998020681A1 (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-05-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image encoding/decoding method, image encoder/decoder and image encoding/decoding program recording medium |
| JPH10174102A (ja) * | 1996-12-06 | 1998-06-26 | Nec Corp | 可変長符号化方法およびその装置 |
| JP2000333175A (ja) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-11-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 画像符号化装置 |
-
2005
- 2005-09-22 WO PCT/JP2005/017484 patent/WO2006059424A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-22 JP JP2006547663A patent/JPWO2006059424A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1022835A (ja) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-01-23 | Sony Corp | 可変長符号化装置および可変長符号化方法、可変長復号化装置および可変長復号化方法、可変長符号処理装置、並びに画像符号化装置および画像復号化装置 |
| WO1998020681A1 (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-05-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image encoding/decoding method, image encoder/decoder and image encoding/decoding program recording medium |
| JPH10174102A (ja) * | 1996-12-06 | 1998-06-26 | Nec Corp | 可変長符号化方法およびその装置 |
| JP2000333175A (ja) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-11-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 画像符号化装置 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009075107A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-18 | Panasonic Corporation | 画像符号化装置、符号化レート変換装置、映像音声ストリーム記録装置、ネットワーク配信システム、係数変換装置、集積回路及び画像符号化方法 |
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| JPWO2006059424A1 (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
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