WO2006057005A1 - Ecran solaire redirecteur destine a des applications d'eclairage naturel, de photo-electricite et de chauffage solaire - Google Patents

Ecran solaire redirecteur destine a des applications d'eclairage naturel, de photo-electricite et de chauffage solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006057005A1
WO2006057005A1 PCT/IN2004/000368 IN2004000368W WO2006057005A1 WO 2006057005 A1 WO2006057005 A1 WO 2006057005A1 IN 2004000368 W IN2004000368 W IN 2004000368W WO 2006057005 A1 WO2006057005 A1 WO 2006057005A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bar
sun
axis
mirror
director
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2004/000368
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English (en)
Inventor
Arun Gomti Shanker Shukla
Original Assignee
Arun Gomti Shanker Shukla
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arun Gomti Shanker Shukla filed Critical Arun Gomti Shanker Shukla
Priority to EP04821378A priority Critical patent/EP1828718A4/fr
Priority to CNA2004800445048A priority patent/CN101069066A/zh
Priority to PCT/IN2004/000368 priority patent/WO2006057005A1/fr
Publication of WO2006057005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006057005A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/455—Horizontal primary axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • This invention of automatic sunlight redirector comprises of a device which redirects sunlight to a place of user's choice by arranging incident sun-ray, target-line and the mirror-axis as sides of an isosceles triangle.
  • sun-tracking While nothing can be done to reduce the layer of air and dust, human effort can help in catching larger amount of sunlight by keeping the receiver perpendicular to the sun-rays. This activity of moving objects according to the movement of the Sun is known as sun-tracking. Owing to its importance various types of sun-tracking devices have come into existence.
  • Sun takes different time every day during the year to travel from eastern horizon to western horizon.
  • the object e.g. a mirror
  • sought to be sun-oriented has to be moved in the direction of the sun. This can be done by fixing the mirror on a machine moving on north-south axis and rotating from east to west. The object is oriented towards sun at sunrise. Then with the climbing of the sun the machine is to be rotated from east to west.
  • the present invention has been devised to reflect sunlight at a point of user's choice for daylighting, heating etc. This has two parts namely sun-tracking part and the reflector part. Sun-tracking part is based on polar-axis tracking with novel features to make it a completely automatic system.
  • the present invention has a declination-setter which automatically sets the sun-tracking-bar according to the declination of the sun for the day of operation, and thereby does away with the two-axis tracking to cope with the north-south-north movement of the sun during the day or the trouble of adjusting for sun-declination in the polar-axis tracking.
  • the present invention has arrangement for starting of the machine at a particular time of the day through time-setter. This has advantage over the sensor-based systems, which have problem if the morning is cloudy and the light lining is far away from the actual point of sunrise. This has advantage of not only cost but also of simplicity over the computer- data-software based systems because their data and software are place- specific; also in the present invention there is absolutely no necessity of calculating angle of reflectance for the mirror -the machine performs both the jobs simultaneously - the sun-tracking and the redirection of sunlight on the desired target area.
  • Axle (5-A) fitted inside pipe (5) helps to give free movement to mirror-arm (12) caused by movement of director-bar (10) in the east-west direction when in operation.
  • Polar-axis-bar - This is a rotating bar fitted on arc(7) on free bearings. This has to be placed parallel to the axis of the earth. This position is attained by bringing the rotating bar in geographical north-south line (alternately called meridian line) and then by moving it in vertical plain by an angle equal to the latitude of the place of operation, e.g. at a place at 30 degree north latitude, the northern end of rotating-bar will have to be moved upwards by an angle of 30 degree in relation to horizontal line. Director bar - When adjusted by the declination setter for the date of operation, and moved by the rotating bar it remains sun oriented.
  • geographical north-south line alternatively called meridian line
  • the director-bar also moves accordingly.
  • the director-bar moves the mirror-arm (12) to a position that it reflects sunlight on the target-area.
  • Slide - Either spherical or cylindrical, fitted on the director- bar and sliding on groove on the mirror-arm (12), it helps to move the mirror-arm (12) in east-west and south-north- south direction.
  • Mirror-arm - Holds mirror and is moved by the slide (11) fitted on the director-bar (10). This has free movement in two directions because of free axles(4) and (5-A).
  • Timer - Moves the rotating bar at a speed of one round every 24 hours.
  • Orientation-Bar-disc The bar of this bar-disc is virtually extension of the director-bar (10). It is to be fitted on the free end of the director bar (10) passing through the mirror- arm (12). There is a disc between the director-bar (10) and this bar. When the director-bar (10) is moved such that there is no shadow of this bar on the disc, it is ensured that the director- bar is sun-oriented.
  • Time setter It is attached with the arc (7) on a metal- plate.
  • the user may fix the time for starting of the machine automatically with the help of this component and an alarm- clock (16).
  • This time-setter is described in detail in the description of figure - 6.
  • Alarm-clock This is an electronically programmed alarm- clock which sends the message to the timer (13) to start and end the working at a specified time everyday.
  • the user has an option to program the starting and ending of the movement of timer-motor (13) as per his choice through electronic circuits
  • ⁇ these circuits may be used to bring back the director bar (10) to the position of next day immediately after stopping of the timer at the end of the day).
  • declination-bar (1) On this declination-bar (1) is fitted the director- bar described as (10) in the fig.- 1.
  • circular strip (3) is moved one full circle by movement of the gear (6) it gives all the angles to declination-bar (1) which the Sun forms with the earth axis during one year, and the director-bar thereby is adjusted to the position for each day of the year.
  • This bar connects the free moving clamp to the circular strip (3) and makes a cone of 23.5 degrees when rotated by the movement of the calendar-disc described in (6) below and may be named as coninq- bar.
  • This circular strip is a part of a virtual circle which is formed having its center on the center of the axis of the declination-bar (1).
  • the bar (2) is fastened on this strip in a hole at a distance of 23.5 degree from the pivot of the circular strip.
  • This is a freely moving pivot-axle fitted through a strip which is fitted on the frame parallel to the rotating-bar (1). On one side of this p ⁇ vot is fitted the circular strip (3) and on the other side is fitted another strip (5).
  • This strip has a hole on which a small nail is inserted, which nail is fitted on the toothed disc(6).
  • This is toothed disc fitted on a pivot that is eccentric in relation to the pivot (4) to the extent that its movement equal to 177.2 degree causes a movement of the strip (5) equal to 180 degree during one half of its movement, and in its second half of the movement its 182.8 movement causes 180 degree of the movement of strip (5).
  • the movement of the strip (5) is caused due to fastening of the nail fitted in the gear-disc (6) and fastened on the hole of strip (5).
  • This gear-disc is moved by a motor at a speed of one round every 365.25 days.
  • This disc may be used as a calendar if suitably the dates are marked on the circumference of the disc; these markings can be useful for installation of the machine. Then this disc may be named as calendar-disc.
  • Timer - This moves time-disc-mover (2) at a speed of one round per year.
  • Time-disc-mover This disc has marking for each day of the year and fitted on one side of the time-setter-plate(4) and fitted firmly with the time d ⁇ sc(3) with an axle passing through the base-plate(4). When moved by the timer it moves time disc through the common axle between itself and time-disc(3).
  • Time-disc - This has varying radius corresponding to each date of the time-disc mover.
  • Time point - This is a flat square shaped thick plate sliding on a groove fitted on time-setter-base-plate. It is so fitted that one of the two opposite corners touches the time disc(3) and on its other corner time bar(6) rests after the end of the day to begin working at the appointed time as per users choice. This point is shifted by the movement of the time-disc because of its varying radius for each day.
  • Time-bar- This is fitted on a co-axial pipe on the rotating bar numbered in Rg-I as (9) whose cross section is represented by (7) and which is fitted on that position of the rotating bar according to the desire of the user for the starting time of the machine.
  • FIG 7-A shows the effect of a ray falling on the mirror
  • FIG 7-B shows an isosceles Triangle ABC
  • FIG 7-C is an isosceles triangle ABC where sides AB and AC are equal.
  • the invention machine performs two operations, namely it tracks the Sun and it redirects sunlight on a fixed point throughout the day from where it can again be redirected to where it is needed.
  • the invention machine has to be in two parts, one for sun-tracking and the other for redirection of sunlight.
  • Part-1 Redirection-system.
  • Lines CA and AB maintain their original length, and still they are moveable on points A and B respectively so that ever changing position of the Sun (C) - and thereby ever changing direction of CA can be kept pace with. Also it is ensured that CA be always kept coplanar with the line AB.
  • Sun-tracking bar will occupy the position of the line CA and may be named as SUN-ARM,
  • mirror will have its pivot and may be named as MIRROR-PIVOT,
  • the Mirror-arm must be sufficiently long to allow all possible locations to point C after knowing the longest angle which the sun-arm may bear with the target-arm. Also the mirror-arm must have sliding-space on which the sun-arm will slide for different locations of C. 2. Target-arm must be oriented towards the target and then must be fixed securely on a base to ensure that movements of sun-arm and mirror-arm do not disturb its fixed position.
  • the target-arm must also have on one end of it a pivot for the mirror-arm, and arrangement to allow the movement of mirror-arm both ways - one in the circular direction along the circumference of the target arm and the other in the plane of sun-arm and target arm because the Sun will move not only east-west but also north-south-north; this north-south-north movement will appear in the form of up and down movement of the Sun. For this reason the target-arm must also have on the other end a pivot for the movement of sun-arm both ways to adjust for all positions of the Sun during the day.
  • the sun-arm must have some arrangement so that while it slides on the mirror-arm, yet it keeps the mirror-arm moving so that the isosceles triangle of the three arms continues to exist.
  • the present sun-tracking system is based on polar-axis tracking.
  • Polar- axis tracking is based on the principle derived from following phenomenon :-
  • the earth moves around the Sun with a tilted axis and completes one round in a year. Because of the revolution of the earth around the Sun, position of the earth-axis in relation to the direction of the Sun undergoes change everyday which results in the change of declination of the sun at local noon as shown in figure-4.
  • declination-setter The device to set declination has been named as declination-setter.
  • the mechanism is devised on the basis of following facts and imaginations: -
  • the sunray is rotated on the fixed earth-axis such that the sunray creates a cone of 23.5 degree as achieved by the rotation described above, one gets all the angles which were created by the above rotation of the earth-axis against the fixed Sun.
  • declination-setter The purpose of declination-setter is to move the director-bar according to the change in the declination of the Sun; this can be done by moving director-bar on the polar-axis-bar to form a cone of 23.5 degree with its vertex on the axis of the polar-axis-bar as seen above.
  • the time-setter by providing for the polar- axis-bar a zero position as the staring point permanently, therefore the east-west movement of the director-bar in its conic movement would disturb the arrangement.
  • the requirement of the other device namely time-setter is such that the movement of the director-bar takes place in just two dimensional plane.
  • the polar-axis-bar is cut into two equal pieces and then a frame is fitted between the two pieces at a perpendicular.
  • a bar, fitted in the frame, is placed along the perpendicular on the axis of the polar-axis-bar such that the axis of this another bar forms a right angle on the axis of the polar-axis-bar.
  • this another bar as declination-bar.
  • the declination-bar has free movement along its axis. There is a hole at the center of the declination-bar.
  • a U-shaped clamp is fitted on a nail passing through the hole on this declination-bar.
  • a thin bar is fitted on the clamp. Now if the thin bar is rotated in a circle, because of the combined effect of the the nail and the clamp the declination-bar will also rotate. If the thin bar is rotated such that it forms a cone of 23.5 degree with its vertex on the axis of the declination-bar, the declination- bar will experience all the angles which a the director-bar needs in the north-south-north direction during the year. For achieving this the following arrangement is had.
  • This circular strip is an arc cut out of an imaginary circle which has its center on the axis of declination-bar, the thin bar is fastened on a hole on the circular-strip at a distance equal to 23.5 degree from its pivot.
  • This circular-strip is rotated one full circle in one year. In its regular movement it causes all angles in the declination-bar for the year.
  • the circular-strip is fitted on an axle passing through the second-strip. On the other end of the axle is fitted another strip. This strip has a hole on which a nail coming from the parallelly moving gear disc is fastened.
  • the distance of the nail from the pivot of the disc is scaled according to the difference - the quantum of eccentricity - between the pivots of the circular-strip and the disc and it has to be such that when the disc moves, the movement of the director-bar from central position to the south and back is completed by 177.2 degree movement of the disc and the northern movement of the director-bar is completed in 182.8 degree movement of the disc.
  • the disc completes one round in one year i.e. 365.25 days when moved by the timer.
  • a circular lamina having marking of dates on its circumference may be fitted on the disc and may be named as calendar-disc. (This calendar may be used with caution keeping in mind the effect of leap-year.)
  • This declination setter is one complete invention in itself, yet it forms unity of invention of the present machine because it helps in automation of the polar-axis tracking system.
  • the device of time-setter is based on the actual experience of the difference in the timing of noon.
  • the device has two versions.
  • the first is based on the principle that there should be a fixed zero position for starting of the operation of the machine and it should reach the noon - the meridian position of the Sun - when the Sun is expected to be there as per real experience for the particular day and for the particular place where it is operating. The zero point will be resting point for the machine till it begins operating in the morning.
  • a microprocessor is designed and programmed for starting of the machine at the time stipulated for each day of the year. This is a simple mechanism.
  • the time bf starting the machine is fixed and no data or microprocessor is required; therefore this is preferable for reducing cost and easier maintenance of the machine.
  • the starting point is manipulated everyday.
  • the machine For example if the machine is fixed for starting at 6 a.m. then for a standard day i.e. when the Sun actually reaches meridian point at 12.00 p.m. the polar-axis-bar will move 90 degree because it is moving at a speed of one round per 24 hours. So the basic point for starting will be 90 degree before the meridian point.
  • a time-bar parallel to the director- bar is fitted on the polar-axis-bar and the basic point is decided as described above. Then with the help of time-disc described in the description of figure-6 which has varying radius for each day the time- bar is brought to the suitable starting point as per actual experience. This time-disc is not place specific because the apparent slow and fast movement of the Sun is same globally.
  • the sun-tracking part is designed to realize the technique of the redirection system.
  • the director-bar - described in Sun-tracking Part - in the sun-arm position of the system described above in Redirection System.
  • the target-arm is truncated and only tiny axle (5-A) as shown in figure-1 is retained. Also the sun-arm, though occupying the position as per original plan, is fitted on the polar- axis-bar and gets movement due to the movement of the polar-axis- bar.
  • the whole device is supported by stand (1).
  • the stand (1) has to be adjusted such that the shaft (7-A) supporting arc (7) is in " vertical position.
  • Arc(7) is then placed on the supporting shaft (7-A) such that the polar- axis-bar (9) comes in the position parallel to the axis of the earth.
  • Circular shape of Arc(7) ensures that in any position of the rotating bar (9) the pivot point of director bar is at the same distance from mirror- pivot.
  • the mirror is fitted on the mirror-arm (12) such that its surface is precisely parallel to the axle(4). Free movement of axle(4) and (5-A) must be checked before slide (11) is fitted into mirror-arm (12) and the machine is put to operation.
  • the director-bar (10) is set at the position for the date of operation. In this position the director bar has the same angle with the polar-axis-bar (9) as the sun has with the earth-axis on that day of the year.
  • the time-setter is also adjusted for the date of operation so that the machine starts at the desired time next day. Timer of the Time-setter is also put on. Before starting timer (13) the director-bar which has extension on the other side of the mirror arm (12) bar disc (14) is fitted and the rotating bar is rotated on either side until there is no shadow of the bar on the disc. This ensures sun-orientation of the director-bar(l ⁇ ).
  • Arc-couple (3) and (6) are so adjusted that the sun-light is reflected on the desired target area.
  • the sun orientation of the director bar (10) must be checked again and arc couples and director bar adjusted if necessary.
  • timer (13),timer of the declination setter and the timer of the time-setter must be put on.
  • the director bar (10) When timer (13) is energized by the spring work/electricity starts moving the polar-axis-bar (9), the director bar (10) also starts moving. This movement of the director bar (10) ensures that it is constantly sun oriented. By the movement of director bar, the slide (11) fitted on the director bar (10) starts moving the mirror arm. The mirror-arm has movement in two directions and as explained earlier, it continues to occupy the position of the third side of the triangle which ensures reflection of sun light parallel to the direction of target arm. As long as the timer (13) keeps moving the rotating bar at the speed of one round every 24 hours, sun-light is reflected continuously on the target area until the sun sets in the west.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un écran solaire redirecteur automatique comprenant un dispositif qui reflète la lumière du soleil vers un point choisi par un utilisateur. Cet écran est un modèle universel et ne nécessite aucune donnée ou microprocesseur pour suivre le soleil à différentes latitudes, ni aucun ordinateur pour calculer l'angle de réflexion. Ce dispositif fonctionne sur le principe d'un triangle isocèle dont les côtés sont formés par le rayon solaire incident, la ligne cible et l'axe d'un miroir. Le dispositif est constitué d'un mécanisme de poursuite du soleil (10), d'un élément coulissant (11) monté sur ce mécanisme de poursuite du soleil (10) et d'une barre/un tuyau (5) comportant une rainure servant d'axe pour le miroir et permettant au mécanisme de poursuite du soleil (10) de se déplacer librement. Le dispositif peut ainsi non seulement poursuivre le soleil, mais également ajuster en continu la position du miroir afin que la lumière soit réfléchie vers la cible fixée. Un moyen de réglage de déclinaison (8) et un moyen de réglage de l'heure (15) permettent de suivre les variations de déclinaison quotidiennes du soleil et de longueur du jour respectivement.
PCT/IN2004/000368 2004-11-29 2004-11-29 Ecran solaire redirecteur destine a des applications d'eclairage naturel, de photo-electricite et de chauffage solaire WO2006057005A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04821378A EP1828718A4 (fr) 2004-11-29 2004-11-29 Ecran solaire redirecteur destine a des applications d'eclairage naturel, de photo-electricite et de chauffage solaire
CNA2004800445048A CN101069066A (zh) 2004-11-29 2004-11-29 用于日光照明、光电和太阳能加热的日光重导向器
PCT/IN2004/000368 WO2006057005A1 (fr) 2004-11-29 2004-11-29 Ecran solaire redirecteur destine a des applications d'eclairage naturel, de photo-electricite et de chauffage solaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IN2004/000368 WO2006057005A1 (fr) 2004-11-29 2004-11-29 Ecran solaire redirecteur destine a des applications d'eclairage naturel, de photo-electricite et de chauffage solaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006057005A1 true WO2006057005A1 (fr) 2006-06-01

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PCT/IN2004/000368 WO2006057005A1 (fr) 2004-11-29 2004-11-29 Ecran solaire redirecteur destine a des applications d'eclairage naturel, de photo-electricite et de chauffage solaire

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1828718A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN101069066A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006057005A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009121977A1 (fr) * 2008-04-02 2009-10-08 Jorge Vallespi Sagarra Suiveur solaire
JP2010283324A (ja) * 2009-06-03 2010-12-16 Green Plus Co Ltd スライド型太陽光追跡集光装置
CN105373145A (zh) * 2015-12-04 2016-03-02 广东工业大学 一种固定焦点聚光自动跟踪装置
FR3033034A1 (fr) * 2015-02-19 2016-08-26 Andre Azema Mecanisme pour l'orientation de miroir solaire destine a reflechir la lumiere solaire en un point fixe
CN110107597A (zh) * 2019-06-06 2019-08-09 浙江正泰新能源开发有限公司 光伏跟踪器轴承结构

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CN101860277B (zh) * 2010-05-27 2012-05-23 夏之秋 跟踪太阳光照的装置
CN102023646B (zh) * 2010-12-15 2012-05-09 华中科技大学 三杆式太阳跟踪装置
CN103032810B (zh) * 2012-12-20 2015-11-18 广西大学 智能式太阳能光纤激光混合照明装置及其控制方法

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009121977A1 (fr) * 2008-04-02 2009-10-08 Jorge Vallespi Sagarra Suiveur solaire
JP2010283324A (ja) * 2009-06-03 2010-12-16 Green Plus Co Ltd スライド型太陽光追跡集光装置
FR3033034A1 (fr) * 2015-02-19 2016-08-26 Andre Azema Mecanisme pour l'orientation de miroir solaire destine a reflechir la lumiere solaire en un point fixe
CN105373145A (zh) * 2015-12-04 2016-03-02 广东工业大学 一种固定焦点聚光自动跟踪装置
CN110107597A (zh) * 2019-06-06 2019-08-09 浙江正泰新能源开发有限公司 光伏跟踪器轴承结构

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EP1828718A4 (fr) 2008-01-23
CN101069066A (zh) 2007-11-07
EP1828718A1 (fr) 2007-09-05

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