WO2006047555A2 - Systemes de fixation osseuse et procedes d'assemblage et/ou d'installation desdits systemes - Google Patents

Systemes de fixation osseuse et procedes d'assemblage et/ou d'installation desdits systemes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006047555A2
WO2006047555A2 PCT/US2005/038478 US2005038478W WO2006047555A2 WO 2006047555 A2 WO2006047555 A2 WO 2006047555A2 US 2005038478 W US2005038478 W US 2005038478W WO 2006047555 A2 WO2006047555 A2 WO 2006047555A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pedicle screw
tulip
assembly
cap
head portion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/038478
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006047555A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael D. Ensign
David T. Hawkes
Original Assignee
Alphaspine, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alphaspine, Inc. filed Critical Alphaspine, Inc.
Publication of WO2006047555A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006047555A2/fr
Publication of WO2006047555A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006047555A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037—Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7032—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to bone fixation systems and methods of assembly, operation, and/or installation of these systems into cancellous and/or cortical bone.
  • Bone fixation systems for internally fixing, fusing, and/or otherwise supporting portions of a skeletal system for a human or other-type animal are known in the art.
  • Bone fixation systems used along the spinal region of a patient are commonly referred to as a pedicle screw construct or a pedicle screw-coupling device because the pedicle screws are typically inserted and secured into the pedicles.
  • Pedicles are generally understood to refer to the bone that bridges an anterior vertebral body to a lamina.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,669,911 provides a detailed and thorough description of a spinal system including a discussion about the various bones and connective tissue associated therewith.
  • Pedicle screw constructs typically include a pedicle screw and a rod-coupling mechanism that are pre-operatively assembled. Some examples of pre-operatively assembled pedicle screw constructs are described in U.S. Published Patent Application Nos. 2005/0187548, 2005/0192571 , and 2005/0216003.
  • One drawback of pre-operatively assembled pedicle constructs is that the insertion of these constructs through the skin, muscle, and/or other tissue during surgery may cause damage and/or trauma to the tissue because the construct is larger and bulkier than the pedicle screw alone.
  • the pre-operatively assembled pedicle constructs may be difficult to handle, maneuver, and to ultimately secure to the bone because the surgeon must direct the tool that drives the pedicle screw into the bone down through the rod- coupling mechanism to engage a driving portion of the pedicle screw.
  • the rod-coupling mechanism may be free to rotate relative to the pedicle screw, making it more difficult for the surgeon to guide and engage the tool with the pedicle screw.
  • the invention is related to systems and methods for achieving internal fixation of vertebral bodies.
  • a tulip assembly is coupleable to a pedicle screw having a head portion and a threaded shaft.
  • the head portion is coupled to the threaded shaft.
  • the tulip assembly includes a tulip body having an intermediate web, an upper portion positioned above the intermediate web, and a lower portion positioned below the intermediate web.
  • the upper and lower portions are displaceable in substantially a radial direction relative to the intermediate web.
  • the lower portion is radially expandable by an amount to intra-operatively receive the head portion of the pedicle screw, which may occur after the pedicle screw is secured into bone.
  • a cap is engageable with the upper portion of the tulip body to lock the lower portion of the tulip body onto the head portion of the pedicle screw when the tulip body is at a desired angle relative to the pedicle screw.
  • a pedicle screw system in another aspect, includes a pedicle screw and a tulip assembly.
  • the pedicle screw includes a head portion and a threaded shaft, where the head portion is coupled to the threaded shaft.
  • the tulip assembly includes a tulip body and a cap.
  • the tulip body has an intermediate web, an upper portion positioned above the intermediate web, and a lower portion positioned below the intermediate web.
  • the upper and lower portions are displaceable in substantially a radial direction relative to the intermediate web.
  • the lower portion is radially expandable by an amount to intra-operatively receive the head portion of the pedicle scre-w after the pedicle screw is secured into bone.
  • the cap is engageable with the upper portion of the tulip body to lock the lower portion of the tulip body onto the head portion of the pedicle screw when the tulip body is at a desired angle relative to the pedicle screw and before the rod is locked into the tulip assembly.
  • a method for installing a pedicle screw system into bone.
  • the pedicle screw system includes a pedicle screw and a tulip assembly. The method begins by inserting the pedicle screw into the bone. Next, but not necessarily in the following sequence, the method includes coupling the tulip assembly to a head portion of the pedicle screw by radially, outwardly displacing a lower portion of a tulip body by an amount sufficient to receive the head portion of the pedicle screw. At least a section of a rod is placed onto a rod-support member that is positioned within the tulip body.
  • the tulip assembly is fixed to the head portion of the pedicle screw by rotationally engaging a cap with the upper portion of the tuli p body, the cap configured to cam the upper portion of the tulip body radially outward when rotated, and in turn, cause the lower portion of the tulip body to clamp onto the head portion of the pedicle screw.
  • a fastening member is inserted into the tulip assembly to provide a downward force on at least a portion of the section of the rod to fixedly retain the same in the tulip assembly.
  • Figure 1 is an isometric view of a pedicle screw system, according to one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 2A is a top plan view of a pedicle screw.
  • Figure 2B is a partial cross-sectional elevstional view of the pedicle screw of Figure 2A seen along Section 2B-2B.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded isometric view of a tulip assembly, according to one illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 4A is a top plan view of a tulip bod y from the tulip assembly of Figure 3.
  • Figure 4B is a partial cross-sectional elevational view of the tulip body of Figure 4A seen along Section 4B-4B.
  • Figure 5A is a top plan view of a collar member from the tulip assembly of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5B is a cross-sectional view of the collar member of Figure
  • Figure 6A is a top, plan view of a rod-support member from the tulip assembly of Figure 3.
  • Figure 6B is a cross-sectional view of the rod-support member of Figure 6A seen along Section 6B-6B.
  • Figure 6C is a cross-sectional view of the rod-support member of Figure 6A seen along Section 6C-6C.
  • Figure 7 A is a top plan view of a cap assembly from the tulip assembly of Figure 3.
  • Figure 7B is a cross-sectional view of the cap assembly of Figure
  • Figure 8 shows a flow diagram of a method of assembling a pedicle screw system, according to one illustrated embodiment.
  • FIGS 9A-9E cooperate with the flow diagram of Figure 8 to show various stages of assembly.
  • Figure 10 is a partial, cross-sectional view of the pedicle screw system of Figure 1 showing the pedicle screw system in a fully assembled configuration.
  • Figure 1 generally shows a pedicle screw system 100 comprising a pedicle screw 102, a rod 104, and a coupling assembly 106, hereinafter referred to as a tulip assembly 106.
  • the tulip assembly 106 is coupled to the pedicle screw 102.
  • a relative position of the tulip assembly 1O6 with respect to the pedicle screw 102 may be pre-operatively selected and th en intra-operatively achieved .
  • the tulip assembly 106 is fixed or locked relative to the pedicle screw 102 before the rod is fixed or locked into the tulip assembly 106.
  • Figures 2A and 2B show the pedicle screw 102 having an elongated, threaded portion 108 and a head portion 110.
  • Pedicle screws 102 are generally known in the art, but the head portions 110 may vary depending on what type of tulip assemblies 106 will be coupled to the pedicle screws 102.
  • the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 1O2 includes a driving feature 112, which is used for the initial insertion of the pedicle screw 102 into a pedicle, which is a part of a vertebra that connects tht e lamina with a vertebral body.
  • the driving feature 112 may be used to adjust the pedicle screw 102 even after the tulip assembly 106 is coupled to the pedicle screw 102.
  • the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102 includes a dual diameter head comprising a greater diameter 116 and a lesser diameter 118.
  • the pedicle screw 102 is cannulated, wherein a channel 114 extends through the entire length of the pedicle screw 102.
  • the channel 114 allows the pedicle screw 102 to be maneuvered over and receive a Kirschner wire, commonly referred to as a HC-wire.
  • the K-wire is typically pre- positioned using imaging techniques, for example, fluoroscopy imaging.
  • Figures 4A and 4B show the tulip body 120 having a lower portion 128 and an upper portion 130.
  • the lower portion 128 includes a web 132, a spherical bore 134, a counterbored region 136, a radial flange 138, and first outer perimeter 140.
  • the web 132 is positioned just above the spherical bore 134 and may operate as a fulcrum such that when the upper portion 130 is radially, outwardly displaced, or vice-versa, the lower portion 128 below the web 132 is simultaneously radially, inwardly displaced, or vice-versa, and the size and position of the web 132 remains rslatively neutral to the applied displacement.
  • the web 132 acts as a fulcrum by permitting the upper portions 130 to respond to radially inward or outward displacement of the lower portion 130 and vice-versa.
  • the tulip body 120 is placed over the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102 by radially compressing (e.g., squeezing) the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120 so that the spherical bore 134 opens by an amount sufficient to receive the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102.
  • the tulip body 120 is placed over the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102 intra-operatively (i.e., during surgery).
  • squeezing the region 142 may be achieved by applying an inward radial force on at least a portion of the first outer perimeter 140 that corresponds to the region 142. Additionally or alternatively, squeezing the region 142 may be achieved by applying an outward radial force to an inner surface 146 of the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120 or by installing the cap 126 as will be described in more detail below.
  • the upper portion 130 includes a second outer perimeter 148 and a cap-mating groove 150.
  • the second outer perimeter 148 is larger than the first outer perimeter 140 of the lower portion 128.
  • the cap-mating groove 150 includes a lip 152.
  • the cap-mating groove 150 is sized to receive the cap 126, wherein the lip 152 is arranged to retain the cap 126 as will be described in more detail below.
  • Figures 5A and 5B show the collar member 122 having an outer perimeter 154, an inner perimeter 156, an upper surface 157a, a lower surface 157b, and a cutout 158.
  • the outer perimeter 154 is sized to be approximately the same as the second outer perimeter 148 of the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120.
  • the collar member 122 is pre-operatively assembled with the tulip body 1 20.
  • the inner perimeter 156 is sized to fit over and be slidable on the first outer perimeter 140 of the lower portion 128 of the tulip body 120, for example during pre-operative assembly.
  • the upper surface 157a is configured to engage the shoulder 159 ( Figure 4B) of the tulip body 120 and the lower surface 157b is configured to engage the top portion of the radial flange 138 of the tulip body 120 during assembly therewith.
  • the cutout 158 is wide enough and deep enough to receive at least a portion of the rod 104.
  • FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C show the rod-support member 124 having a rod-support surface 160, an outer surface 162, an upper surface 164, and an opening 166.
  • the rod-support surface 160 is contoured to receive the rod 104.
  • a diameter of the rod -support surface 160 is contoured to achieve a tight fit with the rod 104, where the tight fit increases the contact stress and/or friction between the rod-support surface 160 and the rod 104.
  • the outer surface 162 is sized to fit through the opening 144 of the tulip body 120 and be placed in the counterbored region 136 of the tulip body 120 when the rod-support member "124 is pre-operatively assembled with the tulip body 120.
  • the upper surface 164 engages a portion of the counterbored region 136 to retain the rod -support member 124 in the counterbored region 136 of the tulip body 120.
  • the opening 166 of the rod- support member 124 permits access to the driving feature 112 of the pedicle screw 102. Accordingly, the opening 166 permits the adjustment of the pedicle screw 102 after the tulip assembly 106 has been coupled to the pedicle screw 102.
  • Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C show the cap 126 having cam extensions 168, grooves 170, and internal threads 1 72.
  • the cam extensions 168 include protuberances 176 and lead radii 178.
  • the protuberances 176 operate as an interlocking feature such that when the cap 126 is coupled to the tulip body 120, the protuberances 176 of the cap 126 interlock with the detents 152 of the tulip body 120 (see Figure 10).
  • this interlocking feature permits the protuberances 176 to radially restrain the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120, which may reduce or eliminate post-operative, outward, radial expansion (i.e., splaying) of the upper portion 130 of the tulip body.
  • an effective cam length 180 of the cap 126 is slightly larger than an internal, diametrical distance 182 ( Figure 4B) of the cap- mating groove 150 of the up per portion 130 of the tulip body 120.
  • a maximum length 180 from one cam extension outer surface 169a to another cam extension outer surface 169b is greater than the internal, diametrical distance 182 between the cap-mating grooves 150 of the tulip body 120.
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart showing a method 200 of assembling a pedicle screw system 100, according to one illustrated embodiment. In combination and cooperation with method 200, reference may be made to Figures 9A-9E to further describe and/or explain aspects of the assembly method 200.
  • the assembly method 200 begins at step 202 where the collar member 122 and the rod-support member 124 are pre-operatively assembled with the tulip body 120 as described above. It is understood that this pre ⁇ operative assembly may take place generally within the hospital or surgical center, possibly even in or near the operating room, or alternatively may take place at a manufacturer before the respective parts are shipped.
  • the pedicle screw 102 is insertably secured in the bone 302 with the head portion 110 of the pedicle extending above the bone surface 304 in step 204.
  • the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120 is compressed and/or squeezed to allow the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102 to be received in the spherical bore 134 ( Figure 4B) in the lower portion 128 of the tulip body 120 in step 206.
  • the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120 is released in step 208, wh ich allows the tulip body 120 to re- assume its natural or unloaded position.
  • the greater diameter 116 ( Figure 2B) of the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw is contiguous with the spherical bore 134 of the tulip body 120 while the lesser diameter 118 ( Figure 2B) contacts the rod-support member 124.
  • the collar member 122 which is already on the tulip body 120, is slid down the tulip body 120 in step 210.
  • the collar member 122 is rotated by an amount sufficient to align the cutout 158 in the collar member 122 with the rod-support surface 160 of the rod-support member 124 in step 212.
  • the upper and lower surfaces 157a, 157b of the collar member 122 become vertically constrained by the shoulder 159 and the radial flange 138 of the tulip body 120, respectively.
  • the rod 104 is placed in the tulip assembly 106 in step 214.
  • the rod 104 is seated on the rod-support surface 160 of the rod-support member 124. At least a portion of the rod 104 extends through and out of one of the cutouts 158 in the collar member 122.
  • the cap 126 is oriented and placed in the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120 in step 216.
  • the ca p 126 is rotated by an amount to allow the cam extensions 168 of the cap 126 to engage the grooves 150 in the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120 in step 218.
  • the cam extensions 168 of the cap 126 engage the grooves 150
  • the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120 is forced to expand radially outward because the maximum outer diameter 180 (Figure 7A) of the cam extensions 168 is larger than the inner diameter 182 ( Figure 4B) of the grooves 1 50.
  • the radial, outward expansion of the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120 causes the lower portion 128, in particular the spherical bore 134, to clamp onto the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102.
  • the setscrew 127 is threaded into the cap 126 in step 220, which completes the assembly of the pedicle screw system 100.
  • the setscrew 127 applies pressure to the rod 104, which clamps the rod 104 between the rod-support member 124 and the setscrew 127.
  • the rod-support member 124 is in contact with the lesser diameter 118 of the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102.
  • the dual diameter head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102 allows the rod- support member 124 to sit low in the tulip assembly 106, which reduces the overall height of the tulip assembly 106 or, alternatively stated, reduces how much the tulip assembly 106 extends above the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw. This reduced height may mitigate soft tissue irritation, especially post ⁇ operatively.
  • the dual diameter head portion 110 permits the various components of the tulip assembly 106 to remain concentric, which may permit easier movement (e.g., less frictional binding and/or resistance) between the tulip assembly 106 and the head portion 110 of the pedicle screw 102.
  • This flexibility allows the surgeon to repetitively and intra- operatively adjust, if necessary, the angular orientation of the tulip assembly 106 relative to the pedicle screw 102 without causing extra stress to the p edicle screw 102 and/or the bone 302.
  • the protuberances 176 of the cap 126 radially restrain the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120, thus reducing or possibly eliminating any post-operative splaying and/or undesired flexing of the upper portion 130 of the tulip body 120. Accordingly, the post ⁇ operative life of the pedicle screw system 100 may be longer when compared to other, conventional pedicle screw constructs, which in turn may reduce or eliminate any follow-up, repair, and/or maintenance-type spinal operation . for example to fix or replace a broken pedicle screw construct.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de vis pédiculaire comprenant une vis pédiculaire et un ensemble tulipe. Une tige est insérée et fixée dans le système de vis pédiculaire afin de raccorder chirurgicalement des éléments vertébraux. La vis pédiculaire comprend une partie tête et une tige filetée. Dans un mode de réalisation, l'ensemble tulipe comprend un corps tulipe, un élément de soutien de tige, un élément collet, un capuchon et un élément de fixation. Le corps tulipe comprend une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure, ces parties pouvant se déplacer dans des directions opposées par rapport à une âme intermédiaire. Le corps tulipe peut être couplé de manière peropératoire à la vis pédiculaire après l'insertion de celle-ci dans l'os. Le capuchon vient en contact avec le corps tulipe pour le bloquer sur la vis pédiculaire et le fixer ainsi à un angle désiré par rapport à la vis pédiculaire.
PCT/US2005/038478 2004-10-25 2005-10-24 Systemes de fixation osseuse et procedes d'assemblage et/ou d'installation desdits systemes WO2006047555A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62210704P 2004-10-25 2004-10-25
US60/622,107 2004-10-25

Publications (2)

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WO2006047555A2 true WO2006047555A2 (fr) 2006-05-04
WO2006047555A3 WO2006047555A3 (fr) 2006-12-21

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WO (1) WO2006047555A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200704266B (fr)

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