WO2006046718A1 - 音波歪み測定装置及び音波歪み測定方法 - Google Patents
音波歪み測定装置及び音波歪み測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006046718A1 WO2006046718A1 PCT/JP2005/019936 JP2005019936W WO2006046718A1 WO 2006046718 A1 WO2006046718 A1 WO 2006046718A1 JP 2005019936 W JP2005019936 W JP 2005019936W WO 2006046718 A1 WO2006046718 A1 WO 2006046718A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/52017—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 particularly adapted to short-range imaging
- G01S7/52023—Details of receivers
- G01S7/52036—Details of receivers using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation
- G01S7/52038—Details of receivers using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation involving non-linear properties of the propagation medium or of the reflective target
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus and a sound wave distortion measuring method for measuring a distortion generated by a nonlinear action in a sound wave transmitted to a medium.
- ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus Conventionally, exploration of structures and the like in an object has been performed using sound waves.
- an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus is known.
- ultrasonic diagnostic devices that are widely used measure the reflected wave intensity of the ultrasonic waves transmitted to the examination target and obtain information on the biological tissue properties based on the acoustic impedance distribution.
- nonlinear distortion this distortion derived from nonlinear action
- linear distortion distortion due to dissipation
- a technique for detecting a nonlinear component a technique in which a fundamental wave is input to a medium and a second harmonic component contained in a sound wave output from the medium by reflection or transmission is detected.
- a filter method and a phase inversion method are known as a method for detecting the second harmonic component.
- the filter method uses a bandpass filter to separate and extract the second harmonic component from the fundamental component.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Japanese Society of Ultrasound Medicine: New Ultrasound Medicine 1st Basic of Medical Ultrasound, pp. 100-103, Medical School, (2000)
- Nonlinear distortion occurs in a region where the sound pressure is relatively large, called a finite amplitude region. Therefore, medical ultrasound uses a sound pressure that is considerably higher than that conventionally used, and the effect on the living body can be a problem. In non-destructive inspection, the problem was that the equipment was upsized.
- waveform distortion occurs in the process of ultrasonic wave propagation, and there is a problem that it is difficult to know what waveform distortion force occurs at which depth in the medium from the reflected wave. . For this reason, it was difficult to apply to noninvasive living body measurement and nondestructive inspection.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the sound pressure of ultrasonic waves to be used can be lowered according to the object, and at the same time, any reflected wave can be used in the medium. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus and a sound wave distortion measuring method capable of acquiring information on nonlinear distortion by specifying the position of the sound wave.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus includes a transmission unit that transmits an input sound wave given a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action to a medium, and a medium corresponding to the input sound wave.
- a receiving means for receiving the output sound wave, and a distortion detecting means for comparing the input sound wave with the output sound wave to detect the intensity of the non-linear action-derived distortion newly generated in the medium of the output sound wave.
- the acoustic wave distortion measuring apparatus uses a periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a non-linear action as a wave packet by multiplying a predetermined window function.
- a transmission means for transmitting an input sound wave to a medium a reception means for receiving an output sound wave from the medium in response to the input sound wave, a comparison between the input sound wave and the output sound wave, and the output sound wave in the medium
- a strain detecting means for detecting the strength of the newly generated nonlinear action-derived strain.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus provides a predetermined initial distortion caused by a non-linear action.
- an input sound wave that is a wave packet obtained by multiplying a periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency by a predetermined window function is sequentially transmitted to the medium by changing the initial phase of the periodic input waveform in the wave packet.
- Transmitting means receiving means for receiving an output sound wave from the medium with respect to the input sound wave at each initial phase, and obtaining a periodic output waveform based on the output sound wave sequentially obtained by changing the initial phase.
- a strain detection means for comparing the periodic input waveform with the periodic output waveform and detecting the intensity of the non-linear action-derived strain newly generated in the medium of the output sound wave. is there.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus uses a first input sound wave having a first periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action as a medium. And a second input having a second periodic input waveform generated by nonlinear action and distorting the fundamental wave with a predetermined initial distortion different from the first periodic input waveform.
- a second transmitting means for transmitting a sound wave to the medium; a first output sound wave from the medium corresponding to the first input sound wave; and a second output sound wave from the medium corresponding to the second input sound wave.
- the first periodic sound wave corresponding to the first output sound wave An output waveform and a second periodic output waveform corresponding to the second output sound wave; And a distortion detecting means for detecting the intensity of the non-linear action-derived distortion newly generated in the medium of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus multiplies a first periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action by a predetermined window function.
- First transmission means for transmitting a first input sound wave as a wave packet to a medium sequentially by changing an initial phase of the first periodic input waveform in the wave packet at a predetermined phase interval, and the first input sound wave generated by nonlinear action.
- a second input sound wave obtained by multiplying a second periodic input waveform obtained by distorting the fundamental wave with a predetermined initial distortion different from the periodic input waveform of FIG.
- a second transmission means for sequentially transmitting the initial phase of the two periodic input waveforms at the phase interval to the medium, and a common propagation path in the medium for each of the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave.
- 1st output sound wave and 2nd output Receiving means for receiving a sound wave for each initial phase, and first value sound waves based on waveform value sequences at predetermined timings of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave obtained sequentially by changing the initial phase.
- a periodic output waveform and a second periodic output waveform are obtained, and the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform are based on a linear predetermined correlation between the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus is the above-described fourth apparatus, wherein the linear correlation between the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform is used. Is represented by the mutual relationship between the frequency spans of the two periodic input waveforms, and the distortion detecting means is configured so that each of the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform is The correlation between the frequency spectra is compared with the linear correlation, and the strength of the nonlinear action-derived distortion is determined based on the degree of difference.
- the acoustic distortion measuring device is similar to the fourth or fifth device described above, and includes the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform.
- the linear correlation between the two discrete frequency spectra obtained by appropriately cutting out the sampling value sequences of the two periodic input waveforms and performing the discrete Fourier transform, and detecting the distortion Means for appropriately extracting a sampling value sequence of the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform, respectively, and performing a discrete Fourier transform to obtain a correspondence relationship between the two discrete frequency spectra.
- the strength of the non-linear action-derived strain is determined based on the degree of difference.
- An acoustic distortion measuring device is the above fifth device, wherein the linear correlation between the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform is the linear correlation between the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform.
- the distortion detecting means appropriately cuts out and separates the waveform value sequences constituting the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform, respectively.
- the correlation between the two discrete frequency spectra obtained by the diffuse Fourier transform is compared with the linear correlation, and the intensity of the nonlinear action-derived distortion is determined based on the degree of difference.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus is similar to the fourth to eighth apparatuses, wherein the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave are the fundamental wave and the same, respectively.
- the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave have 2k order harmonics (k is an integer), the amplitudes of which are equal to each other. Signs are opposite, and the fundamental wave and 2k + 1 order harmonics of the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave have the same amplitude and the same sign. It is.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus provides the function X (t) representing the waveform of the first input sound wave and the waveform of the second input sound wave in the fourth to eighth devices.
- Function X (t) representing the waveform of the first input sound wave and the waveform of the second input sound wave in the fourth to eighth devices.
- ⁇ (t) Aex ( ⁇ ⁇ t 2 ) sin (2 ⁇ ft ⁇ sin2 ⁇ ft)
- An acoustic wave distortion measuring apparatus sequentially changes an input sound wave obtained by multiplying a periodic input waveform by a predetermined window function as a wave packet while changing the initial phase of the periodic input waveform in the wave packet.
- a transmission means for transmitting to the medium; a receiving means for receiving the output sound wave from the medium for the input sound wave at each initial phase; and a period based on the output sound wave sequentially obtained by changing the initial phase.
- a strain detection means for obtaining a static output waveform, comparing the periodic input waveform with the periodic output waveform, and detecting an intensity of a nonlinear action-derived strain generated in the medium of the output sound wave; It is what has.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus is the sound wave distortion measuring apparatus according to any one of the first to eleventh apparatuses, wherein the distortion detecting means is based on reflected waves having different response times from transmission to reception of sound waves The distribution intensity of the nonlinear action-derived strain generated in the medium within the target depth range corresponding to the response time is obtained.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention provides a medium for a first input sound wave having a first periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action.
- a second transmission means for transmitting to the medium a first output sound wave that is a reflected wave for each of the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave transmitted into the medium along a common propagation path;
- Strain detecting means for detecting the intensity of strain caused by nonlinear action occurring in the recording medium, wherein the strain detecting means is the first output sound wave that is the reflected wave from a first depth and the first output sound wave. Based on a comparison between the mutual relationship regarding the two output sound waves and the mutual relationship regarding the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave that are the reflected waves from the second depth, the first depth and the second It detects the intensity of strain originating from the nonlinear action that occurs in the medium between the depth.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus is configured by multiplying a first periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action by a predetermined window function.
- First transmission means for transmitting a first input sound wave as a wave packet to a medium sequentially by changing an initial phase of the first periodic input waveform in the wave packet at a predetermined phase interval, and the first input sound wave generated by a non-linear action.
- Second transmission means for sequentially transmitting to the medium while changing the initial phase of the second periodic input waveform at the phase interval, the first input sound wave transmitted to the medium along a common propagation path, and the The first output is the reflected wave for each second input sound wave Receiving means for receiving the sound wave and the second output sound wave for each initial phase, and the waveform value sequence at a predetermined timing of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave obtained sequentially by changing the initial phase.
- a first periodic output waveform and a second periodic output waveform based on the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform, respectively.
- Strain detection means for detecting the intensity of strain derived from a non-linear action generated in the medium along the propagation path based on a linear predetermined correlation between the waveform and the distortion.
- the detecting means includes the interrelation between the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave that are the reflected wave from the first depth, and the first output sound wave and the reflected wave from the second depth. Based on the comparison with the mutual relationship regarding the second output sound wave, the intensity of the distortion derived from the nonlinear action occurring in the medium between the first depth and the second depth is detected.
- a sonic distortion measuring apparatus is the acoustic apparatus according to the thirteenth aspect, wherein the linear correlation between the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform is used. Is expressed by the correspondence between the frequency bands of the two periodic output waveforms.
- the acoustic distortion measuring apparatus is the apparatus according to the thirteenth or fourteenth aspect, wherein the linear between the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform is used.
- the mutual relationship is expressed by the correspondence between the two discrete frequency spectra obtained by appropriately cutting out the sampling value sequences of the two periodic output waveforms and performing the discrete Fourier transform.
- the acoustic distortion measuring apparatus is the acoustic apparatus according to the fourteenth aspect, wherein the linear correlation between the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform is used. Is expressed by the correspondence between the two discrete frequency spectra obtained by appropriately cutting out the sampling values ⁇ lj obtained by sampling the bi-periodic output waveform at the phase interval and performing discrete Fourier transform, respectively. Is.
- An acoustic distortion measuring apparatus is the sound generator according to any of the thirteenth to seventeenth aspects, wherein the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave are composed of the fundamental wave and its harmonics. Having a frequency spectrum, and the distortion detecting means includes k-order components (k is an integer) Y [k] of the linear frequency spectrum of each of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave from the first depth. Y [k] pair, or the conversion ratio W [k] between Y [k] and Y [k], or
- K of the linear frequency spectrum of each of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave Next component Y [k] and Y [k] pair, or conversion ratio between Y [k], Y [k] W [k], or Y [
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus is the sound wave measuring apparatus according to any one of the thirteenth to seventeenth apparatuses, wherein the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave are lines formed of the fundamental wave and its harmonics. Having a frequency spectrum, and the strain detection means includes m-th sampling points y [m] and y [m] of each of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave from the first depth.
- the first based on at least one of [m] and y [m] and one of the pair of w [m].
- the intensity of the strain derived from the nonlinear action occurring in the medium between the depth and the second depth is detected.
- a sonic distortion measuring apparatus in any of the thirteenth to nineteenth apparatuses, represents a function X (t) representing the waveform of the first input sound wave and the waveform of the second input sound wave.
- the function X (t) is defined as follows: A is the amplitude, f is the frequency of the fundamental wave, t is time, ⁇ and ⁇ are positive coefficients.
- the transmitting means has a resonance characteristic in which a maximum point of transmission intensity appears at a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency.
- Excitation means for generating the input sound wave according to the input waveform, and the frequency of the fundamental wave is set to a frequency separated from the resonance frequency by a predetermined deviation.
- the acoustic distortion measurement device is the ultrasonic device according to any one of the second to twenty-first devices, wherein the receiving means has a resonance characteristic in which a maximum point of reception sensitivity appears at a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency. It has a vibration element, and the frequency of the fundamental wave is set to a frequency that is separated from the resonance frequency of the vibration element of the receiving means by a predetermined deviation.
- a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus is a transmission means for transmitting an input sound wave including a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency and its harmonics as a component to a medium, and from the medium for the input sound wave.
- Receiving means for receiving the output sound wave; and strain detecting means for detecting the intensity of the non-linear action-induced distortion generated in the medium of the output sound wave based on the harmonic component contained in the output sound wave.
- the transmitting means includes a vibration element having a resonance characteristic in which a maximum point of transmission intensity appears at a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency, and an excitation means for exciting the vibration element to generate the input sound wave.
- the frequency of the fundamental wave is set to a frequency that is separated from the resonance frequency by a predetermined deviation.
- the deviation is set based on an intensity of the resonance characteristic at a frequency that is an even multiple of the fundamental wave. Is.
- the acoustic distortion measuring device is characterized in that the frequency of the fundamental wave is a frequency range corresponding to a half-value width of a resonance center frequency of the vibration element. Is set within.
- the sound wave distortion measuring method includes a transmission step of transmitting an input sound wave given in advance with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a non-linear action to the medium, and the medium corresponding to the input sound wave.
- a receiving step for receiving the output sound wave from the sound wave, and comparing the input sound wave with the output sound wave to detect the intensity of the non-linear action-induced distortion newly generated in the medium of the output sound wave And a step.
- the acoustic wave distortion measuring method provides a wave packet obtained by multiplying a periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action by a predetermined window function.
- the transmission step of transmitting the input sound wave to the medium, the reception step of receiving the output sound wave from the medium with respect to the input sound wave, the input sound wave and the output sound wave are compared, and the output sound wave in the medium And a strain detecting step for detecting the intensity of strain generated by nonlinear action newly generated in step (b).
- a sound wave distortion measuring method is a wave packet obtained by multiplying a periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action by a predetermined window function.
- a periodic output waveform is obtained based on the step and the output sound wave sequentially obtained by changing the initial phase, the periodic input waveform is compared with the periodic output waveform, and the output sound wave in the medium
- a strain detecting step for detecting the intensity of the non-linear effect-derived strain newly generated in step (b).
- the acoustic wave distortion measuring method uses a first input acoustic wave having a first periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action as a medium. Transmitting a first input sound wave having a second periodic input waveform generated by nonlinear action and distorted with the predetermined initial distortion different from the first periodic input waveform. A second transmission step for transmitting to the medium; and reception for receiving a first output sound wave from the medium corresponding to the first input sound wave and a second output sound wave from the medium corresponding to the second input sound wave, respectively.
- a distortion detection step of detecting the intensity of distortion generated by the nonlinear action newly generated in the medium of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave by comparing the output waveform with a target output waveform. is there.
- the acoustic wave distortion measuring method multiplies a first periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action by a predetermined window function.
- a second input sound wave obtained by multiplying a second periodic input waveform generated by the action with a predetermined initial function different from the first periodic input waveform and distorting the fundamental wave by a predetermined window function.
- a first periodic output waveform and a second periodic output waveform are obtained based on a waveform value sequence at a predetermined timing of the sound wave, and the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform are obtained.
- a sound wave distortion measuring method is the method according to the fourth method, wherein the linear correlation between the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform is used. Is represented by the corresponding relationship between the frequency spectra of the two periodic input waveforms, and the distortion detection step includes the frequency of each of the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform. The correlation between the spectra is compared with the linear correlation, and the intensity of the nonlinear action-derived strain is determined based on the degree of difference.
- the acoustic distortion measurement method is the same as the fourth or fifth method described above, in that the first periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform are The linear correlation between the two discrete frequency spectra obtained by appropriately cutting out the sampling value sequences of the two periodic input waveforms and performing the discrete Fourier transform, and detecting the distortion A step of appropriately extracting a sampling value sequence of each of the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform and performing a discrete Fourier transform on each of the sampling value sequences of the first periodic output waveform and the linear relationship between the two discrete frequency spectra.
- the strength of the strain derived from the nonlinear action is determined based on the degree of difference.
- An acoustic wave distortion measuring method is the above fifth method, wherein the first method
- the linear interrelationship between the periodic input waveform and the second periodic input waveform is determined by discriminating the sampling value sequences obtained by sampling the periodic input waveforms at the phase intervals.
- the distortion detection step constitutes the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform, which are expressed by a correspondence relationship between two discrete frequency spectrum phases obtained by Fourier transform. Corresponding relationship between two discrete frequency spectra obtained by appropriately cutting out each waveform value sequence and performing discrete Fourier transform is compared with the linear relationship, and based on the degree of difference, It determines the strength of the distortion.
- a sound wave distortion measuring method is the same as the fourth to eighth methods described above, wherein the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave are the fundamental wave and the same, respectively.
- the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave have 2k order harmonics (k is an integer), the amplitudes of which are equal to each other. Signs are opposite, and the fundamental wave and 2k + 1 order harmonics of the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave have the same amplitude and the same sign. It is.
- a sound wave distortion measuring method provides the function X (t) representing the waveform of the first input sound wave and the waveform of the second input sound wave in the fourth to eighth methods.
- Function X (t) representing the waveform of the first input sound wave and the waveform of the second input sound wave in the fourth to eighth methods.
- (t) is the amplitude of ⁇
- f is the frequency of the fundamental wave
- t is time
- ⁇ and a are positive coefficients, respectively.
- an input sound wave obtained by multiplying a periodic input waveform by a predetermined window function as a wave packet is sequentially changed by changing an initial phase of the periodic input waveform in the wave packet.
- a transmission step for transmitting to the medium, a reception step for receiving an output sound wave from the medium with respect to the input sound wave at each initial phase, and a periodic output based on the output sound wave sequentially obtained by changing the initial phase A waveform is obtained, and the periodic input waveform is compared with the periodic output waveform, and the output sound wave is generated in the medium.
- a strain detecting step for detecting the strength of the strain derived from the nonlinear action.
- a sound wave distortion measurement method is the sound wave distortion measurement method according to any one of the first to eleventh methods, wherein the distortion detection step is based on reflected waves having different response times from transmission to reception of sound waves.
- the distribution intensity of the strain derived from the nonlinear action generated in the medium within the target depth range corresponding to the response time is obtained.
- a sound wave distortion measuring method is a method in which a first input sound wave having a first periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action is used as a medium. And a second input sound wave having a second periodic input waveform generated by nonlinear action and distorted with the predetermined initial distortion different from the first periodic input waveform.
- a first output sound wave that is a reflected wave with respect to each of the first input sound wave and the second input sound wave transmitted into the medium along a common propagation path, and a second output sound wave.
- the propagation path A strain detecting step for detecting the strength of strain derived from a non-linear action occurring in the medium along the first output, wherein the strain detecting step is the reflected wave from a first depth.
- the intensity of distortion derived from a nonlinear action occurring in the medium between the depth and the second depth is detected.
- the acoustic wave distortion measuring method is obtained by multiplying a first periodic input waveform obtained by distorting a fundamental wave of a predetermined frequency with a predetermined initial distortion caused by a nonlinear action by a predetermined window function.
- a first periodic output waveform and a second periodic output waveform are obtained based on waveform value sequences at predetermined timings of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave, which are sequentially obtained by changing the phase, respectively.
- the reflected wave from Based on the comparison between the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave, the intensity of the distortion caused by the nonlinear action occurring in the medium between the first depth and the second depth is detected.
- the acoustic distortion measurement method according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the linear correlation between the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform in the thirteenth method. Is represented by the correspondence between the frequency spectra of the two periodic output waveforms.
- a sound wave distortion measuring method is the method according to the thirteenth or fourteenth aspect, wherein the linearity between the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform is The mutual relationship is expressed by the correspondence between the two discrete frequency spectra obtained by appropriately cutting out the sampling value sequences of the two periodic output waveforms and performing the discrete Fourier transform.
- the linear correlation between the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform is the linear correlation between the first periodic output waveform and the second periodic output waveform. Is expressed by the correspondence between the two discrete frequency spectra obtained by appropriately cutting out the sampling values ⁇ lj obtained by sampling the bi-periodic output waveform at the phase interval and performing discrete Fourier transform, respectively. Is.
- An acoustic distortion measurement method is the method according to any one of the thirteenth to seventeenth aspects, wherein the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave are the fundamental wave and its harmonics, respectively.
- the distortion detection step includes k-th order components of the linear frequency spectrum of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave from the first depth (k is an integer). Y [k] and Y [k] pairs, or the conversion ratio W [k] between Y [k] and Y [k], or
- 11 12 11 12 1 is one of a pair of at least one of Y [k] and Y [k] and W [k], and the second depth.
- the intensity of the strain derived from the nonlinear action that occurs in the medium between the first depth and the second depth is detected.
- a sound wave distortion measuring method is the sound wave distortion measuring method according to any one of the thirteenth to seventeenth methods, wherein the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave are a line comprising the fundamental wave and its harmonic force. Having a frequency spectrum, wherein the distortion detecting step includes the m-th sampling points y [m] and y of the first output sound wave and the second output sound wave from the first depth, respectively.
- the first based on at least one of [m] and y [m] and one of the pair of w [m].
- the intensity of the strain derived from the nonlinear action occurring in the medium between the depth and the second depth is detected.
- a sonic distortion measuring method is the method of the thirteenth to nineteenth aspects, wherein the function X (t) representing the waveform of the first input sound wave and the waveform of the second input sound wave are represented.
- the function X (t) is expressed as follows: A is the amplitude, f is the frequency of the fundamental wave, t is time, ⁇ and H are positive coefficients.
- the transmission step has a resonance characteristic in which a maximum point of transmission intensity appears at a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency.
- the input acoustic wave is generated according to the periodic input waveform by exciting a vibration element and distorting the fundamental wave, and the frequency of the fundamental wave is set to a frequency separated from the resonance frequency by a predetermined deviation. Is.
- a sound distortion measurement method is the method according to any one of the second to twenty-first methods, wherein the reception step has a resonance characteristic in which a maximum point of reception sensitivity appears at a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency.
- the output sound wave is received using a vibration element, and the frequency of the fundamental wave is set to a frequency separated from the resonance frequency of the vibration element by a predetermined deviation.
- a sound wave distortion measuring method includes a transmission step of transmitting an input sound wave including a fundamental wave having a predetermined frequency and its harmonics as components to a medium, and a step of transmitting the input sound wave from the medium.
- the transmitting step excites a vibration element having a resonance characteristic in which a maximum point of transmission intensity appears at a frequency according to a resonance frequency to generate the input sound wave, and the frequency of the fundamental wave is derived from the resonance frequency.
- the frequency is set to be separated by a predetermined deviation.
- a sound wave distortion measurement method is the method according to any one of the twentieth to the twenty-third methods, wherein the deviation is set based on an intensity of the resonance characteristic at an even multiple of the fundamental wave. Is.
- the acoustic wave distortion measuring method is characterized in that the frequency of the fundamental wave is a frequency range corresponding to a half-value width of a resonance center frequency of the vibration element. Is set within.
- the sound pressure of the ultrasonic wave to be used is relatively low while being lowered according to the object. It is possible to generate a nonlinear distortion and to measure the nonlinear distortion with high accuracy. Also, it is possible to acquire information on nonlinear distortion at an arbitrary depth in the medium based on the reflected wave.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of waveforms of input sound waves X (t) and X (t).
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a waveform of an output sound wave obtained by an experiment of transmitted wave measurement.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a waveform based on the phase sequence of the output sound wave obtained by the transmitted wave measurement experiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a difference waveform generated between both phase sequences based on two types of output sound waves obtained by an experiment of transmitted wave measurement.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a waveform of an output sound wave obtained by an experiment of reflected wave measurement.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a waveform based on the phase sequence of the output sound wave obtained by the reflected wave measurement experiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a difference waveform generated between both phase sequences based on two kinds of output sound waves obtained by an experiment of reflected wave measurement.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of driving an ultrasonic transducer in the present apparatus.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing experimental results on the method of driving the ultrasonic transducer in this apparatus.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing a basic distortion ⁇ measured using a reflected wave from a reflector installed in water.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a medium used for actual measurement of the degree of distortion g.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing measurement results of echo intensity using the medium of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the degree of distortion g in each section from points ⁇ to ⁇ .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a sound wave distortion measuring apparatus according to this embodiment.
- This apparatus includes a transmission unit 10, a reception unit 12, a transmitter 14, a receiver 16, a signal processing unit 18, and a control unit 20.
- This apparatus has one feature in that an ultrasonic wave having a predetermined nonlinear distortion is transmitted to a measurement target in advance, and the transmission unit 10 transmits a sinusoidal electric signal having a frequency corresponding to the fundamental wave to a frequency. A modulated signal is generated and output to the transmitter 14.
- the transmitter 14 is an ultrasonic transducer configured using a piezoelectric material, and converts an electric signal from the transmission unit 10 into an ultrasonic wave and inputs it to a measurement target.
- the wave receiver 16 can also be constituted by an ultrasonic transducer using a piezoelectric material, and converts the ultrasonic wave output from the measurement object into an electric signal and outputs it to the receiving unit 12.
- the wave receiver 16 can be arranged adjacent to the wave transmitter 14 and also used as the wave transmitter 14, for example.
- the wave receiver 16 is disposed opposite to the wave transmitter 14 with the measurement target interposed therebetween.
- the transmitter 14 can be a cylindrical transducer
- the receiver 16 can be a polymer hydrophone.
- the receiving unit 12 amplifies the received signal from the wave receiver 16, performs A / D conversion, converts the received signal into digital data, and outputs the digital data to the signal processing unit 18.
- the signal processing unit 18 performs signal processing (to be described later) based on the digital data output from the receiving unit 12, and transmits the signal from the transmitter 14 to the propagation path in the measurement target until it is received by the receiver 16. Thus, the intensity of nonlinear distortion newly generated in the ultrasonic wave is calculated.
- the control unit 20 controls the transmission unit 10 and the signal processing unit 18. For example, when transmitting a pulsed ultrasonic wave, the control unit 20 controls the output timing of the electrical signal from the transmission unit 10 and supplies a synchronization signal corresponding to the transmission timing to the signal processing unit 18. To do.
- the signal processing unit 18 processes the received signal at the target timing based on the synchronization signal.
- the control unit 20 communicates with the output timing to the transmission unit 10. The initial phase is variably controlled to control the signal processing unit 18 in synchronization therewith.
- this device sends out ultrasonic waves with nonlinear distortion in advance
- this device also sends out two types of ultrasonic waves with different nonlinear distortions and compares the reflected waves with each other. Quantify the intensity of nonlinear distortion.
- the basic signal waveforms of the two types of ultrasonic waves to be transmitted are the following X (
- X (t) Aexp ( ⁇ ⁇ t 2 ) sin (2 ⁇ ft + sin2 ⁇ ft)
- A is the amplitude
- f is the frequency
- t is time
- ⁇ and a are positive coefficients.
- the second-factor Gaussian function on the right-hand side is a window function that changes the amplitude of the periodic waveform represented by the third factor into a wave packet.
- the sine function of the third factor is a vibration factor that represents a vibration waveform (periodic waveform) that repeats periodic fluctuations.
- ⁇ (t) sin (2 ⁇ ft + a sin2 ⁇ ft)
- each of these ⁇ (t) and ⁇ (t) is a carrier wave of frequency f by a modulated signal of frequency f
- ⁇ (t) B 3 ⁇ 2 ⁇ + ⁇ sin (2 ⁇ 2ft) + B sin (2 ⁇ 3ft) + B sin (2 ⁇ 4ft) +
- ⁇ (t) B sin27ift_B sin (2 ⁇ -2ft) + B sin (2 ⁇ -3ft) -B sin (2 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ) + —
- B ⁇ i is a natural number
- B ⁇ i is a natural number
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the waveforms of X (t) and X (t) expressed by equation (1). It is.
- the vertical axis is amplitude (sound pressure)
- the horizontal axis is time t
- the solid line is X (t)
- the broken line is X (t)
- a waveform like X ⁇ is called a ⁇ -shaped waveform because of the shape of the ⁇ shape whose rise is steeper than the fall.
- the fall is steeper than the rise.
- a distortion does not occur in the medium, and is an artificial distortion.
- a waveform like X ⁇ is called a repetitive waveform.
- the transmission unit 10 determines the initial phases of the vibration factors ⁇ (t) and a (t) of X (t) and x ⁇ expressed by equation (1).
- a signal represented by the following expression that is discretely changed is generated, and a plurality of input sound waves corresponding to the signal are sequentially transmitted from the transmitter 14 to the measurement target.
- X (t, m) Aexp (- ⁇ t 2 ) sin [2 ⁇ (ft + m / M) + a sin2 ⁇ (ft + m / M)]
- x (t, m) Aex (- ⁇ t 2 ) sin [2 ⁇ (ft + m / M)-a sin2 ⁇ (ft + m / M)]... (5)
- X (t, m] and X (t, m) are distortion waveforms (ie, periodic waveforms) with an amplitude of Aexp (— ⁇ ⁇ 2 )
- phase sequence the M-dimensional vector nore consisting of M X (t, m) and x (t, m) values obtained by changing m.
- T may be set arbitrarily.
- the linear operation L is between two periodic waveforms ⁇ (t) and ⁇ (t) input to the measurement target.
- the transmission unit 10 controls the N-shaped signal X (t) and the signal under the control of the control unit 20.
- a plurality of input sound waves are generated and input to the system whose properties are to be examined, and the signal processing unit 18 performs a linear operation L on the output and compares the results to determine the nonlinearity of the system.
- the signal processing unit 18 obtains a difference between elements having the same m in the phase sequences z ′ ( t , m] and z (t, m] obtained based on the output sound wave from the measurement target.
- the two are compared, and based on the difference value, a quantitative value representing the intensity of the nonlinear distortion newly generated in the measurement target is generated.
- N-shaped and anti-N-shaped are performed without performing the linear operation L.
- the absolute values of the coefficients obtained from both phase sequences can be compared by calculating the difference, etc., to quantify the intensity of nonlinear distortion.
- ultrasonic propagation in a measurement target such as a living tissue includes nonlinear propagation that newly generates harmonics of input ultrasonic waves and linear propagation that attenuates already existing ultrasonic waves as high frequency as possible.
- This can explain the Burgers equation and KZK equation force, which are nonlinear differential equations.
- qualitatively non-linear propagation is mainly related to the effect that the sound speed increases as the sound pressure increases and the diffraction effect. The former action distorts the sine wave into an N shape, and the latter action causes asymmetry above and below the waveform.
- an ultrasonic wave having a waveform distortion is transmitted to a measurement target with an appropriate sound pressure without increasing the sound pressure or widening the opening of the transmitter.
- the anti-N-shaped distortion waveform is physically distorted and cannot be generated by the measurement target, and acts so that the nonlinearity and linearity of the measurement target are closer to a sine wave.
- nonlinearity and linearity work together. This is the cause of the inability to reproduce the phase sequence with the anti-N-shaped distortion waveform by the linear operation L from the phase sequence with the N-shaped distortion waveform as propagation progresses.
- the quantification based on the above-described principle of the nonlinear distortion newly generated in the measurement target is the input sound wave of X (t) and X (t) represented by the equation (1) or the equation (2).
- ⁇ (t) and ⁇ (t) Other periodic input waveforms are possible.
- the artificial waveform distortion is not necessarily applied in the same way as in equation (1), and appropriate amplitude modulation and frequency modulation are performed to make N-shaped and anti-N-shaped sine waves.
- Two types of input sound waves with a waveform multiplied by a window function that increases the center amplitude can be used.
- the principle of quantification described above is that two types of periodic waveforms that generate different nonlinear distortions by propagation in the measurement target medium are input to the measurement target and output from the measurement target corresponding to each.
- By comparing the periodic output waveforms generated it is possible to cancel out the linearity change that occurs in each periodic input waveform within the measurement target and extract only the nonlinearity change.
- a linear correlation established between two periodic input waveforms is used. This linear interrelationship is determined so that one waveform is matched with the other according to the two periodic waveforms (the function form) before being input to the measurement target, and the measurement target is a linear system. In some cases, it is set so that the interrelationship is maintained.
- the linear operation in this case is the same as the linear operation L described above.
- the linear operation in this case is the second step of the above linear operation L.
- the relationship may be established with a plurality of terms having different values of ⁇ .
- the waveform of the input sound wave is affected by the characteristics of the transmitter 14 and may not completely match the waveform of the electrical signal generated by the transmitter 10.
- the intensity of nonlinear distortion can be extracted by comparing two types of output sound waves.
- a technique for generating a phase sequence by performing transmission / reception a plurality of times with different initial phases as in reflected wave measurement is also effective in transmitted wave measurement.
- a periodic waveform can be used as an input sound wave as it is.
- this device transmits two types of periodic input waveforms having different nonlinear distortions as expressed by, for example, equation (2) from the transmitter 14 to the measurement target, and is output from the measurement target.
- An output sound wave having a periodic waveform is received by the receiver 16. In the transmitted wave measurement in this case, the generation of the phase sequence is not necessarily required.
- the signal processing unit 18 when the phase sequence is not generated, the signal processing unit 18 generates two types of input sound waves and corresponding output sound waves. Each of them is cut out by an appropriate length such as a predetermined multiple of the fundamental wave, sampled along the time axis, and the time-series sampled values are subjected to discrete Fourier transform. Then, based on the result of the discrete Fourier transform, nonlinear distortion can be quantified as in the case of the phase sequence. This process compares the discrete frequency spectra of the two types of output sound waves based on the linear correlation of the discrete frequency spectra between the two types of input sound waves. Similarly, nonlinear distortion can be quantified by comparing the continuous frequency spectrum of two output sound waves based on the linear correlation of the continuous frequency spectrum between the two input sound waves. it can.
- the present apparatus can also evaluate the amount of increase in nonlinear distortion within a measurement target using only one type of input sound wave having a predetermined nonlinear distortion in advance.
- X (t) or X (t) are examples of input sound waves described above.
- phase sequence may be generated using a wave bundled input sound wave in the same manner as the reflected wave measurement described above, and ⁇ (t) or Eq.
- the output sound wave to be sampled may be sampled along the time axis for one period to generate a time series of sampling values.
- the signal processing unit 18 performs discrete Fourier transform on the sampling values in the phase sequence or time series.
- the frequency spectrum of the output sound wave can be obtained, and compared with the frequency spectrum of the known input sound wave, the amount of nonlinear distortion can be measured based on the increase in the harmonic component.
- the amount of nonlinear distortion generated can be increased without increasing the sound pressure by using an input sound wave having a predetermined nonlinear distortion in advance. Therefore, it is possible to accurately investigate the properties of the measurement target based on nonlinear distortion.
- phase sequence was generated and subjected to discrete Fourier transform on the quantification of the increase in nonlinear distortion between the input acoustic wave and the output acoustic wave corresponding to the wave bundle.
- the method of comparing the result between the input sound wave and the output sound wave is effective regardless of whether or not the input sound wave is preliminarily distorted.
- the above-mentioned phase sequence is used to determine the nonlinear distortion that occurs in the output sound wave by transmitting one type of input sound wave that is wave bundled by multiplying the periodic input waveform without distortion by the window function. Applying the method using
- time means the position in the medium via the speed of sound.
- Waveform distortion can be quantified according to the principle described above.
- this device measures the response time from the transmission of the input sound wave to the reception of the output sound wave in the reflection measurement, and based on the output sound wave corresponding to these different response times, the target depth Distribution intensity information relating to the amount of nonlinear distortion occurring in the range is generated.
- control unit 2 0 generates an output sound wave corresponding to the response time t, and an output sound wave and force corresponding to the response time t + At, respectively. Between these two phase sequences, there is a phase shift according to At, that is, there is a cyclic shift in the phase sequence between them.
- the control unit 20 performs an operation for canceling this shift amount. Also, there is a difference in attenuation according to the difference in propagation distance between the two phase sequences.
- the control unit 20 adjusts the difference in attenuation amount by multiplying the phase sequence after canceling the shift amount by a constant value so that the spectrum of the fundamental wave is equalized, and makes it possible to compare both phase sequences. Thereafter, the two phase sequences are compared by a method such as obtaining the difference between the two phase sequences, and the nonlinear distortion in the minute section sandwiched between the positions corresponding to the response times t and t + A t is obtained.
- the power of deviation when applied to a sequence can be defined by the following equation.
- the basic distortion y (t I t) defined by equation (11) is the sum of the power of equation (9) and the component of equation (10), and eliminates the influence of the received wave intensity. In order to do so, we are standardizing.
- the fundamental distortion ⁇ in Eq. (11) is the k-th order component Y (t, k], Y of the line frequency spectrum of each output sound wave X (t, m], x (t, m) from point ⁇ . (t, k] and the frequency weight W (t, k], which is the conversion ratio between them, include W (t, k] and output sound wave x (t, m], x (t, m]
- Y (t, k], Y (t, k] of each line frequency spectrum and the frequency weight W (t, k] that is their mutual conversion ratio
- Y (t, k], Y (t, k] has a linear correlation expressed by Eq. (7).
- 11 includes a set of Y (t, k] and Y (t, k] or a set of W (t, k] and at least one of Y (t, k] and Y (t, k] Similarly, between Y (t, k] and Y (t, k] (
- Eq. (11) can be changed to Y (t, k] and Y (t pair, or W (t, k), or Y (t, k) And one of Y (t, k) and W (t, k).
- equation (11) is a force that quantifies the distortion in the frequency domain. It is known that Parseval's formula holds between signals from one-lie transform, and the power in the time domain coincides with the power in the frequency domain. Therefore, distortion can be quantified based on data in the time domain.
- the signal processing unit 18 obtains the sampling value y (t, m], y of the output sound wave from the point p.
- equation (11) is an example of an evaluation equation for strain quantification, and a different evaluation equation can be defined.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the waveform of the transmitted wave, where the solid line is the N-shaped waveform corresponding to X (t), and the dashed line is the anti-N-shaped waveform corresponding to X (t). Shows transmitted waves.
- the diameter of the transmitter cannot be ignored with respect to the propagation path length. In this situation, it is known that the center wave generated from the center of the transmitter and the edge wave generated from the end of the transmitter cause diffraction. For this reason, the transmitted wave is turbulent even though the waveform shown in Fig. 2 is transmitted.
- Fig. 5 shows a phase sequence for this transmitted wave.
- the upper row shows the phase sequence with the N-shaped waveform
- the middle row shows the phase system IJ with the anti-N-shaped waveform
- the lower row shows the result of the linear operation L on the upper row.
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the waveform of the reflected wave.
- the solid line is the reflected wave of the N-shaped waveform corresponding to X (t).
- the broken line indicates the reflected wave with an anti-N-shaped waveform corresponding to X (t).
- the reflection path length is 190mm (
- the influence of diffraction is weaker than the transmitted wave, and the waveform of the reflected wave is not significantly disturbed.
- Fig. 8 shows a phase sequence for this reflected wave.
- the upper row shows the phase sequence with the N-shaped waveform
- the middle row shows the phase system IJ with the anti-N-shaped waveform
- the lower row shows the result of the linear operation L on the upper row.
- Figure 9 shows the difference waveform between the middle and lower stages. Comparing Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 on a peak-to-peak basis, it can be seen that there is about 5% nonlinear propagation.
- the resonance characteristics of an ultrasonic transducer such as a piezoelectric element vary depending on the properties of the matching layer attached to the piezoelectric element.
- a general ultrasonic transducer has a resonance characteristic with respect to odd harmonics other than the resonance frequency, but does not have resonance characteristics with respect to even harmonics.
- Such an ultrasonic transducer transmits ultrasonic waves with a large amplitude when driven with harmonic power that is an odd multiple of the resonance frequency, but when driven with harmonic power that is an even multiple of the resonance frequency, the ultrasonic transducer has a small amplitude and only ultrasonic waves. Do not send waves.
- the acoustic distortion measurement method in the present apparatus uses, for example, X (t, m) and X (t, m), which have different even-numbered harmonic component signs, for power S. , Sound distortion measurement with this device
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining the present driving method.
- Fig. 10 shows the power spectrum of an ultrasonic transducer that has resonance characteristics for odd harmonics.
- the horizontal axis represents the vibration frequency and the vertical axis represents the power of the ultrasonic wave output from the ultrasonic transducer. It is.
- This power spectrum has a maximum point at the resonance frequency fr of the ultrasonic transducer and an odd multiple thereof, and becomes a minimum at an even multiple.
- the transmitter 10 power-drives the ultrasonic transducer with a waveform having a fundamental frequency at a frequency slightly shifted from the resonance frequency fr of the ultrasonic transducer.
- the fundamental frequency f is set to be shifted from the resonance frequency fr.
- Figure 10 shows the case where f is set slightly larger than fr.
- the even harmonics 2f, 4f, ... are the minimum points, 2fr, 4fr, ... force, and force S .
- the ultrasonic intensity at the fundamental frequency f is somewhat lower than the value at the resonant frequency fr, while the ultrasonic intensity at the even-numbered harmonics 2f, 4f, ... is not minimal. Can be increased.
- Fig. 11 is a graph showing the results of this experiment.
- the horizontal axis is the set value of the basic frequency f
- the vertical axis is the basic distortion ⁇ .
- the fundamental frequency f is 1.3 MHz
- the fundamental distortion is the largest, which indicates that even-numbered harmonics are strong when f is 1.3 MHz. It can be understood that
- f Since the ultrasonic intensity at the fundamental frequency f decreases when the deviation of f from fr is increased, f is set within the range of the half-width of the center frequency of resonance of the ultrasonic transducer. It is preferable to do so.
- Fig. 12 is a graph showing the degree of basic distortion 7 (t I t) measured using the reflected wave of the reflector force placed in water.
- the horizontal axis is q 0
- the fundamental frequency f of the transmitted waveform is 1.3 MHz.
- Ultrasonic propagation in the medium is a competing effect between the generation of new harmonics due to the nonlinearity of the medium and the attenuation of harmonics due to the linearity. It is suggested that The graph shown as an inset in Fig. 12 is a logarithmic representation of the basic strain ⁇ up to a distance of 120 mm. From this graph, it can be seen that the basic distortion ⁇ is almost on a straight line in logarithmic display. For this reason, it can be seen that if the medium is homogeneous in the section where the nonlinearity is prevailing, the basic distortion ⁇ increases almost exponentially.
- the nonlinear components contained in the reflected wave at different points can be quantified.
- the reflected wave at the position of the transmitter 14 may be equal to the transmitted waveform.
- a distortion degree g that is a feature quantity reflecting the properties of the medium.
- the degree of distortion g of the medium can be obtained from the following equation.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of the medium used for the actual measurement of the degree of distortion g.
- This medium consists of boiled eggs fixed in agar, with agar 32 on the outside of boiled egg white 30 and yolk 34 on the inside of white 30.
- the transmitter 14 and receiver 16 were placed in contact with the agar 32, and echoes on the propagation path through the yolk 34 were measured.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the echo intensity of the measurement result, the horizontal axis is the distance from the transmitter 14 to the reflection point, and the vertical axis is the echo intensity.
- Figure 14 shows the boundary from agar 32 to white 30 P (11m
- Fig. 15 is a graph in which the basic strain ⁇ at points P to P is plotted.
- the axis is the basic strain ⁇ .
- Figure 16 is obtained from Eq. (14) in each section from point ⁇ to ⁇ .
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the degree of distortion g.
- the vertical axis in Fig. 16 is the degree of distortion g, and in order to the right, the degree of distortion g for white 30 (section P P) in front of transmitter 14 and distortion for yolk 34 (section P P).
- the degree g is positive, and nonlinear distortion is generated.
- the yolk 34 portion has a negative distortion degree g, and the effect of suppressing nonlinear distortion is measured.
- white 30 is more nonlinear than linear, and yolk 34 is the opposite.
- whites are considered to have almost the same organizational properties in both the first and second half, and it can be seen that the degree of distortion g is actually relatively close. .
- Non-invasive living body measurement and non-destructive inspection can be performed using nonlinear distortion of ultrasonic waves.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
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| JP2004317316 | 2004-10-29 | ||
| JP2004-317316 | 2004-10-29 | ||
| JP2005063094A JP2008022868A (ja) | 2004-10-29 | 2005-03-07 | 音波歪み測定装置及び音波歪み測定方法 |
| JP2005-063094 | 2005-03-07 |
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| WO2006046718A1 true WO2006046718A1 (ja) | 2006-05-04 |
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| CN110940738A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-31 | 上海卫星装备研究所 | 非线性超声波束混叠计算方法及系统 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63194644A (ja) * | 1987-02-09 | 1988-08-11 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 超音波計測装置 |
-
2005
- 2005-03-07 JP JP2005063094A patent/JP2008022868A/ja active Pending
- 2005-10-28 WO PCT/JP2005/019936 patent/WO2006046718A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63194644A (ja) * | 1987-02-09 | 1988-08-11 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 超音波計測装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| KAYANO M. AND MATANI A.: "Choonpa no Hisenki Denpa Tokusei ni Chakumoku shita Seitai Soshiki Seijo Kaiseki. (Tissue characterization........)", DAI 16 KAI PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING., 29 August 2001 (2001-08-29), pages 393 - 394, XP002996748 * |
| KAYANO MITSUGU ET AL: "Hisenkei Onkyo ni Motozuku Seitai Soshiki Seijo no Keisoku.", DAI 22 KAI CHOONPA ELECTRONICS NO KISO TO OYO NI KANSURU SYMPOSIUM KOEN YOKOSHU., 7 November 2001 (2001-11-07), pages 265 - 266, XP002996749 * |
| MATANI AYUMU.: "Soshiki Seijo Shindan no Tameno Hanshaha Yugami Keisoku Simulation.", DAI 23 KAI CHOONPA ELECTRONICS NO KISO TO OYO NI KANSURU SYMPOSIUM KOEN YOKOSHU., 7 November 2002 (2002-11-07), pages 295 - 296, XP002996747 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110940738A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-31 | 上海卫星装备研究所 | 非线性超声波束混叠计算方法及系统 |
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