WO2006043837A2 - Convertisseur de puissance ca/cc polyphase - Google Patents

Convertisseur de puissance ca/cc polyphase Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006043837A2
WO2006043837A2 PCT/NZ2005/000276 NZ2005000276W WO2006043837A2 WO 2006043837 A2 WO2006043837 A2 WO 2006043837A2 NZ 2005000276 W NZ2005000276 W NZ 2005000276W WO 2006043837 A2 WO2006043837 A2 WO 2006043837A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
power
buck
converters
phase
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ2005/000276
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006043837A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael John Harrison
Original Assignee
Eaton Power Quality Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton Power Quality Company filed Critical Eaton Power Quality Company
Publication of WO2006043837A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006043837A2/fr
Publication of WO2006043837A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006043837A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/25—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4291—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input by using a Buck converter to switch the input current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a polyphase AC to DC power converter. More particularly, although not exclusively, the invention relates to a high power (typically greater than 1kW) three phase AC to DC power converter suitable for use in telecommunications applications.
  • Figure 1 shows a single phase energy model for a single phase converter.
  • Figure 2 shows the energy transfer graph for such a converter. It can be seen that there can be no energy transfer from source to load at zero mains crossing, hence, in order to provide a constant transfer of energy to the load, an energy storage medium is required.
  • the typical solution has been to provide a power converter which converts a single phase AC input into a DC output.
  • the converter is typically a two stage topology consisting of a pre- converter stage (typically a boost stage) providing power factor correction (PFC) and a DC-DC converter stage (typically a half bridge or full bridge converter) to reduce output ripple to conform to the psophometric standard.
  • a pre- converter stage typically a boost stage
  • PFC power factor correction
  • DC-DC converter stage typically a half bridge or full bridge converter
  • Buck converter topologies are generally not used for power factor correction due to the fact that the buck topology cannot draw power from the supply when the instantaneous input voltage falls below the output voltage (unlike a boost converter). This will result in poor power factor correction and significant current distortion. To improve the power factor the output voltage can be lowered but this results in poor utilisation of the silicon due to the increase in voltage transformation taking place. A large EMI filter is also required due to the discontinuous current input. However, buck topologies can provide effective protection from output short circuit failure.
  • Boost topologies have been preferred as they can perform almost perfect power factor correction due to the fact that they can draw power over almost the entire mains cycle.
  • the maximum power transfer takes place at the mains peak, as a result minimum voltage boost is required to reach the required output voltage, and hence minimal voltage transformation needs to take place.
  • a boost topology yields a good silicon utilisation factor. Due to continuous input current much less EMI filtering is required compared with a buck and a buck- boost topology. This configuration cannot provide isolation or effective protection from output short circuit failure.
  • the total efficiency of the power converter is dependent upon the efficiency of all stages. Assuming a 95% efficiency per stage the total efficiency would be 90% for a two-stage solution. This efficiency figure affects the amount of input energy required to produce the required output energy. It also affects the cost of climate control in dealing with heat generated due to inefficient energy conversion. Further, the use of two switches and two controllers increase circuit complexity and thus circuit cost.
  • Single stage solutions suffer from the drawback that the voltage on the internal energy storage capacitor varies with line voltage and load current. At high power levels this could involve expensive high voltage storage capacitors. Single stage solutions are generally only used at lower power levels (i.e. ⁇ 200 W.)
  • a three phase bridge capacitor converter is shown in figure 3. This produces a smaller output ripple, a better power factor and better total harmonic distortion than a single phase bridge capacitor.
  • this bridge capacitor converter would not comply with the IEC 1000-3-2 standard and would require a DC to DC converter stage for further ripple reduction, isolation and voltage transformation to be suitable for use in a telecommunications application.
  • a three phase single switch pseudo PFC booster rectifier circuit is shown in figure 4. This topology, if used with a simple output voltage feedback into a vmode control, results in a scalloping of the current waveform and so would not comply with the IEC 1000-3-2 standard. A DC to DC converter would be required for isolation and voltage transformation to be suitable for use in a telecommunications application.
  • Figure 5 shows a three phase single switch power factor correction converter.
  • This converter works in the discontinuous mode whereby switching occurs in a constant frequency and duty cycle at a rate substantially higher than the line frequency.
  • This converter has a high power factor but a second stage is again required for ripple reduction, isolation and voltage transformation. This arrangement requires a higher filtering effort to remove the switching harmonics and has high peak current stresses on the semiconductors.
  • Figure 6 shows a six switch power factor correction converter. This type of converter is normally used for high power high-performance applications as it has high efficiency, good current quality and low EMI emissions.
  • the topology is a three phase full bridge boost rectifier. A DC to DC output stage is required for isolation and voltage transformation. This arrangement also requires a high number of components.
  • Figure 7 shows an isolated Vienna rectifier.
  • the Vienna rectifier is a boost derived three level pulse width modulated converter that has unity power factor, provides output voltage isolation and transformation and has minimal output ripple. This arrangement can realise a power supply that can comply with the psophometric standard and IEC 1000-3-2 EMC standard.
  • Figure 8 shows an arrangement consisting of three single phase power converters and three DC to DC converters providing isolation and connection to a common bus. This circuit is still a two-stage approach resulting in circuit complexity, high component costs and the resulting inefficiencies of a two-stage approach.
  • a polyphase AC to DC power converter comprising a plurality of buck converters, each buck converter having input terminals for connection to one or more phase of a polyphase power supply and output terminals connected in series.
  • a three phase AC to DC power converter comprising three buck converters, each buck converter having input terminals for connection to one or more phase of a three phase power supply and output terminals connected in series.
  • a method of converting power from a polyphase AC power supply to a DC output comprising:
  • a method of converting power from a three phase AC power supply to a DC output comprising:
  • Figure 1 shows a single phase energy model for a single phase converter.
  • Figure 2 shows the energy transfer graph for the converter shown in figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a three phase bridge capacitor converter.
  • Figure 4 shows a three phase single switch pseudo PFC converter.
  • Figure 5 shows a three phase single switch PFC converter.
  • Figure 6 shows a six switch PFC converter
  • Figure 7 shows an isolated Vienna rectifier.
  • Figure 8 shows a converter comprising three single phase parallel converters.
  • Figure 9 shows an idealised three phase power supply.
  • Figure 10 shows the combined power of the three phases shown in figure 9.
  • Figure 11 shows a model of an ideal series buck converter topology.
  • Figure 12 shows a series buck circuit diagram utilised for simulation.
  • Figure 13 shows a series buck subcircuit utilised in the circuit of figure 12.
  • Figure 14 shows the input voltage and current waveforms of the red phase of the series buck simulation circuit of figures 12 and 13.
  • Figure 15 shows the output voltage and current of the simulation circuit of figures 12 and 13.
  • Figure 16 shows a three phase AC to DC converter consisting of three buck converters.
  • Figure 17 shows a three phase AC to DC converter consisting of two buck converters.
  • Single phase power converters suffer from the problem that energy storage is required for periods around mains crossings.
  • the idealised three phase power supply shown in figure 9 produces a constant energy output resulting from the combined outputs of the three phases.
  • the use of a three phase converter can thus overcome the energy storage requirements of single phase converters.
  • FIG. 8 The converter of figure 8 utilises three boost stages connected in parallel. This approach still requires two converter stages for each phase.
  • Figure 11 shows a series buck circuit diagram in which the outputs of the buck converters for each phase are connected in series.
  • Figure 12 shows a series buck circuit diagram and figure 13 shows a series buck subcircuit used in the circuit of figure 12 used to model a three phase series buck converter.
  • Figure 14 shows that the converter of figures 12 and 13 achieves unity power factor and figure 15 shows there is no output ripple at all.
  • Figure 16 shows a circuit for a three phase AC to DC series buck converter.
  • a three phase supply are connected to the input terminals 4 to 9 of buck converters 10 to 12 in a delta configuration. It will be appreciated that the converters may be connected in a star configuration also as shown in figure 12.
  • a delta configuration has the advantage that no neutral connection is required.
  • a star configuration can use lower voltage rated semiconductor devices as the voltage across phases is spread across two converters.
  • a star connection may also provide better immunity against single phase failure.
  • Buck converters 10 to 12 consist of bridge rectifiers 13 to 15 and power factor correction stages 16 to 18.
  • the outputs of power factor correction stages 16 to 18 are connected to isolation transformers 19 to 21.
  • the output terminals 22 to 27 are connected in series to provide output terminals 22 and 27 connected to output stage 28 supplying load 29.
  • This arrangement allows the power factor correction stages 16 to 18 to utilise full bridge converters. It is particularly desirable to utilise full bridge converters in high power converter stages. Accordingly most telecom style power supplies (>1kW) use full bridge converters but they are much more complex solutions having two actively switched power conversion stages.
  • Resonant switching ZVS may be employed to control the power factor correction stages utilising a control circuit based on a UNITRODE 3895 chip or similar (e.g. part numbers UCC
  • Current doubler circuit 28 reduces the voltage drop across the diodes and the number of windings required on the isolation transformers.
  • Other output circuits could be utilised in place of current doubler circuit 28 depending upon the application.
  • the size of capacitor 30 of output stage 28 may be varied depending upon the nature of the power supply and load to provide appropriate storage. Alternatively, energy storage may be provided after rectifiers 13 to 15 or within the buck converters.
  • the power converters shown in figures 16 and 17 have the efficiency of a single stage converter and thus have reduced power consumption, heat dissipation and cost.
  • the converters provide good power factor correction, low output ripple, galvanic isolation and high bandwidth control.
  • As the converter utilises buck stages the converters provide effective protection from output short circuit failure.
  • the power converters have reduced energy storage requirements due to the three phase summing effect.
  • the number of components is relatively low and the silicon utilisation is high.
  • active control is required for only a single stage, complexity and cost is reduced and resonant mode switching may be easily employed.
  • the use of multiple converter stages provides some redundancy in case of faults.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur de puissance CA/CC polyphasé constitué de plusieurs convertisseurs abaisseurs de tension dont les sorties sont connectées en série. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, les trois convertisseurs abaisseurs de tension sont utilisés pour une alimentation CA triphasée. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, deux convertisseurs abaisseurs sont utilisés pour une alimentation CA triphasée. Les entrées CA peuvent être connectées en étoile ou en triangle. Les convertisseurs abaisseurs peuvent comporter des étages de correction du facteur de puissance et/ou des transformateurs d'isolation.
PCT/NZ2005/000276 2004-10-22 2005-10-21 Convertisseur de puissance ca/cc polyphase WO2006043837A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ536108 2004-10-22
NZ53610804 2004-10-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006043837A2 true WO2006043837A2 (fr) 2006-04-27
WO2006043837A3 WO2006043837A3 (fr) 2006-06-01

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2927739A1 (fr) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-21 Thales Sa Alimentation haute tension mono-etage a haut rendement et faible distorsion reseau
US8797767B2 (en) 2011-05-20 2014-08-05 Enphase Energy, Inc. Resonant power conversion circuit
US9048744B2 (en) 2011-01-03 2015-06-02 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for resonant converter control
US9444367B2 (en) 2011-05-26 2016-09-13 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating single-phase power from a three-phase resonant power converter
US9479082B2 (en) 2011-01-04 2016-10-25 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for resonant power conversion
US9948204B2 (en) 2011-05-19 2018-04-17 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling resonant converter output power
US10734913B2 (en) 2012-09-11 2020-08-04 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for bidirectional power production in a power module

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US5311419A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-05-10 Sundstrand Corporation Polyphase AC/DC converter
US5731969A (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-03-24 Small; Kenneth T. Three-phase AC power converter with power factor correction
US20010036094A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-11-01 Timothy Strand Power factor corrector

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US5311419A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-05-10 Sundstrand Corporation Polyphase AC/DC converter
US5731969A (en) * 1996-07-29 1998-03-24 Small; Kenneth T. Three-phase AC power converter with power factor correction
US20010036094A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-11-01 Timothy Strand Power factor corrector

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BATTISTELLI L ET AL: "Control strategy of advanced 25 kV-50 Hz electrified railway systems" IEE PROCEEDINGS: ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS, INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, GB, vol. 148, no. 1, 11 January 2001 (2001-01-11), pages 97-104, XP006016035 ISSN: 1350-2352 *
KUTKUT N H: "A full bridge soft switched telecom power supply with a current doubler rectifier" TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENERGY CONFERENCE, 1997. INTELEC 97., 19TH INTERNATIONAL MELBOURNE, VIC., AUSTRALIA 19-23 OCT. 1997, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, 19 October 1997 (1997-10-19), pages 344-351, XP010261375 ISBN: 0-7803-3996-7 *
YOUNG SEOK JUNG ET AL: "Overcurrent protection control technique of ZCS series resonant rectifier" POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVE SYSTEMS, 1995., PROCEEDINGS OF 1995 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SINGAPORE 21-24 FEB. 1995, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, 21 February 1995 (1995-02-21), pages 672-676, XP010140678 ISBN: 0-7803-2423-4 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2927739A1 (fr) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-21 Thales Sa Alimentation haute tension mono-etage a haut rendement et faible distorsion reseau
WO2009103698A1 (fr) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Thales Alimentation haute tension mono-etage a haut rendement et faible distorsion reseau
US8564979B2 (en) 2008-02-19 2013-10-22 Thales Single-stage high-voltage power supply with high efficiency and low network distortion
US9048744B2 (en) 2011-01-03 2015-06-02 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for resonant converter control
US9479082B2 (en) 2011-01-04 2016-10-25 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for resonant power conversion
US10141868B2 (en) 2011-01-04 2018-11-27 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for resonant power conversion
US9948204B2 (en) 2011-05-19 2018-04-17 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling resonant converter output power
US8797767B2 (en) 2011-05-20 2014-08-05 Enphase Energy, Inc. Resonant power conversion circuit
US9379627B2 (en) 2011-05-20 2016-06-28 Enphase Energy, Inc. Power conversion circuit arrangements utilizing resonant alternating current linkage
US9444367B2 (en) 2011-05-26 2016-09-13 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating single-phase power from a three-phase resonant power converter
US10734913B2 (en) 2012-09-11 2020-08-04 Enphase Energy, Inc. Method and apparatus for bidirectional power production in a power module

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