WO2006041330A1 - Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006041330A1
WO2006041330A1 PCT/RU2005/000460 RU2005000460W WO2006041330A1 WO 2006041330 A1 WO2006041330 A1 WO 2006041330A1 RU 2005000460 W RU2005000460 W RU 2005000460W WO 2006041330 A1 WO2006041330 A1 WO 2006041330A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spark plug
dielectric
capacitor
side electrodes
candle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2005/000460
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Evgeny Anatolievich Monich
Anton Evgenevich Monich
Original Assignee
Evgeny Anatolievich Monich
Anton Evgenevich Monich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evgeny Anatolievich Monich, Anton Evgenevich Monich filed Critical Evgeny Anatolievich Monich
Publication of WO2006041330A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006041330A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/40—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
    • H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of engine building, in particular, to ignition devices in internal combustion engines with forced ignition of a fuel-air or fuel-oxidative mixture.
  • spark plugs are used [l ⁇ 3].
  • Electric discharge candles hereinafter spark plugs
  • spark plugs ignite the combustible mixture with the help of an electric discharge.
  • various types of self-sustained electric discharge in a gas are used, including a pulsed discharge in the gas gap between the electrodes [1], a combined pulsed discharge through the gas gap and on the surface of the dielectric [2], and a sliding discharge on the surface of the dielectric [3].
  • the closest structural embodiment to the present invention is an electric spark plug for spark ignition of a fuel-air mixture in internal combustion engines described in [1].
  • a discharge occurs between the electrodes of the spark plug, one of which is supplied with high voltage pulses from the power unit of the ignition system, and the other electrode (or several electrodes) is in electrical contact with candle body (“grounded” side electrode).
  • candle body (“grounded” side electrode).
  • the duration of this phase between the onset of breakdown and the moment of voltage drop depends on the rate of increase in voltage at the electrodes, and it is the smaller, the greater the rate of increase in voltage.
  • the duration of the spark discharge formation phase can be, depending on conditions, from fractions to tens of microseconds. After the completion of the phase of formation of the spark discharge, the spark discharge proper occurs, heating the conductive channel. When discharging about, for a period of time of the order of 10 seconds, a sharp decrease in voltage (potential difference) occurs in the discharge gap by more than an order of magnitude from a value close to breakdown, and after about 10 seconds the voltage is only several tens of volts.
  • Replacement sheet thereby, carry out volumetric ignition of the combustible mixture. This is primarily due to the fact that after the breakdown of the gas gap between the electrodes of the spark plug, the potential of the high-voltage electrode drops by 2–3 orders of magnitude and cannot create an electric field of the required strength in a significant volume of the combustion chamber, and almost all the stored energy of the ignition system is spent on heating a conductive channel in a gas medium between the electrodes of the spark plug.
  • the technical result of the present invention is the implementation of volumetric ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines.
  • the improvement consists in the fact that retaining capacitors are additionally introduced into the candle by the number of side electrodes, one of the plates of each retaining capacitor is electrically connected to the metal housing of the candle, and the other to one of the side electrodes.
  • the supporting capacitor can be made in the form of a dielectric tube, the surface of which is metallized and is the outer lining of the capacitor, while the dielectric tube is placed between the metal housing of the spark plug and the dielectric insulating coating of the high voltage electrode, the electrical connection of the outer lining of the capacitor with the housing is carried out by direct contact, and the second capacitor plate is located inside the wall of the dielectric tube.
  • the candles in the wall of the dielectric tube of the retaining capacitor have cavities open at one of the ends of the tube, the inner walls of the cavities are metallized, and the metal coating of the surface of each cavity is the second lining of the capacitor, with each side electrode inserted into the corresponding cavity and brought into electrical contact with a metal coating of the surface of the cavity.
  • the side electrodes are placed around the high-voltage electrode and form gas discharge gaps with it, and in the other, the ends of the side electrodes
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a spark plug with gas discharge gaps between the high voltage and side electrodes.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a spark plug with a sliding discharge over the surface of the dielectric between the high voltage and side electrodes.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a retaining capacitor with coaxial cavities in a four-cavity embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a retaining capacitor with coaxial cavities in an embodiment with four cavities.
  • FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a backup capacitor in an embodiment with four side electrodes having metal tabs at the proximal end embedded inside the ceramic wall.
  • FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a retaining capacitor in an embodiment with four side electrodes having metal tabs at the proximal end embedded inside the ceramic wall.
  • FIG. 7 shows an electrical circuit for connecting a spark plug and its equivalent electrical circuit in accordance with the proposed invention.
  • FIG. Figure 8 shows a characteristic change in the potential of the high-voltage electrode, the potential of the side electrodes, and the charging current of the retaining capacity of the proposed spark plug as a function of time during electrical breakdown of the discharge gaps between the high-voltage and side electrodes.
  • FIG. Figure 9 shows a graph of a typical change in the potential difference between the electrodes versus time during electric breakdown of the gas gap in the spark phase of the discharge [4].
  • FIG. Figure 10 shows the dependence of the fractions of energy transferred per unit time to the excitation of vibrational levels, to the excitation of electronic levels, and to ionization when an electron moves through molecular nitrogen with pressure P under the action of an electric field E ycc on the magnitude of the reduced intensity of the accelerating field [5].
  • the spark plug for an internal combustion engine (Fig. 1) is made in the form of an electric spark gap and consists of a metal housing 1 with a high voltage electrode 2 installed along its central axis, one or more
  • Replacement sheet side electrodes 3 and retaining capacitors which include a dielectric, in particular ceramic, tube 4 and two plates 5 and 6 (Fig. 3, 4).
  • the lining 5 is a metal coating on the outer and inner surfaces of the tube 4.
  • a cavity 7 (Fig. 3, 4), coaxial with the cylindrical surfaces of the tube, and open at the top at the end of the tube.
  • the tube 4 is placed inside the housing 1 so that its metal coating (cover 5) is in contact with the housing and carries out their electrical connection.
  • the coaxial cavity 7, made in the wall of the tube 4 is divided by dielectric partitions 8 into sections (Fig. 4).
  • the inner walls of each section of the cavity are metallized, and these metal coatings are the second plates 6 of retaining capacitors.
  • the side electrodes may have a metal lobe 10 in the shape of a cylinder sector at the proximal end 9 (Fig. 5, 6).
  • the metal petals 10 of the side electrodes 3 are embedded inside the ceramic wall of the retaining capacitor (Fig. 5, 6) and are in this embodiment the second plates 6 of the retaining capacitors.
  • the lateral surface of the high-voltage electrode 2 is protected by a dielectric coating 1 1.
  • the distal ends of the side electrodes 3 are placed around the protruding part of the high-voltage electrode 2 and form discharge gas gaps with it (Fig. 1).
  • the distal ends of the side electrodes 3 are placed on the surface of the dielectric coating 1 1 (Fig. 2). In this case, a sliding discharge is realized over the surface of the dielectric between the electrodes 2 and 3.
  • the principle of operation of the proposed spark plug is that the discharge between the electrodes of the spark plug is automatically interrupted before all the energy accumulated in the power unit of the ignition system is dissipated in the discharge gap during a spark discharge or sliding across the surface of the dielectric.
  • FIG. 7 by the connection diagram of the plug from the power unit 12 to the high-voltage electrode 2 by control signals from the system switch 13
  • the ignition receives an increasing voltage U 2 - a high-voltage electric pulse. After the potential difference between the high-voltage 2 and side 3 electrodes of the candle reaches ⁇ U ,, po ⁇ ., At which the field strength between the electrode electrodes E 2-3 becomes higher than the breakdown voltage E sample j, there is a spark breakdown of the gas gap. Rising in accordance with FIG. 8, a discharge current flows between the electrodes 2 and 3 and charges the retaining capacitance C (FIG. 7). After the capacitance C is charged in the circuit: power block 12 - high-voltage electrode 2 - discharge gap - side electrode 3 - capacitance C, the potentials of the electrodes U 2 and U 3 candles practically equalize and the discharge current between them stops.
  • the potential equalization of the electrodes 2 and 3 does not occur due to a decrease in the potential U 2 of the electrode 2, as occurs with the prototype (Fig. 9), but due to an increase in the potential U 3 of the side electrode 3 (Fig. 8).
  • the nominal value of the retaining capacitance C is selected so that only part of the energy contained in the drive of the power unit 12 and in the own capacitance of the high-voltage circuit Co is used to charge it (Fig. 7).
  • a spark discharge in the stage of charging the retaining capacitance C is a source of electromagnetic radiation, including a sufficiently hard one, capable of photo-ionizing components of a gaseous medium having a low ionization potential (hydrocarbon fuel components), as well as causing photoemission from the metal walls of the combustion chamber and thereby enriching gas medium of the combustion chamber by free electrons.
  • the gaseous medium is enriched with free electrons and, in the design of the plug, with a sliding discharge on the dielectric surface insulating the central high-voltage electrode of the candle (Fig. 2).
  • Replacement sheet the gas medium of the air-fuel mixture filling the combustion chamber is accelerated by the electric field E ycc and carry out a non-self-discharge in the gas along the circuit: power block 12 - high-voltage electrode 2 + side electrode 3 (or a set of side electrodes) - gas medium - walls of the combustion chamber 14
  • power block 12 high-voltage electrode 2 + side electrode 3 (or a set of side electrodes) - gas medium - walls of the combustion chamber 14
  • the air-fuel mixture is formed by the molecules of hydrocarbons and intermediate products of their incomplete oxidation, as well as by the molecules of gases that form the air.
  • Replacement sheet a relatively large volume of gaseous medium in the combustion chamber.
  • nitrogen molecules pass from the lower level Vo to excited vibrational levels V
  • Vibrationally excited nitrogen molecules having a zero dipole moment live in an excited state for a very long time (on atomic scales), and essentially the only mechanism for removing their vibrational energy is collisions with unexcited molecules, including molecules of intermediate products of incomplete oxidation of hydrocarbons. During these collisions, vibrationally excited nitrogen molecules exchange vibrational quanta, which are 0.29 eV, with other molecules.
  • the candle has several side electrodes, each of which is connected to the "ground” potential through a separate retaining capacity.
  • the use of several side electrodes makes it possible to more uniformly “surround” the volume of the combustion chamber with hard electromagnetic radiation. This is possible because the value of each retaining capacity Cj is selected so that the energy Wi stored in it is much less than the stored energy W ⁇ in the ignition system.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment of a spark plug using a sliding discharge over the surface of the dielectric, shown in FIG. 2, has a higher • efficiency for generating hard electromagnetic radiation in comparison with the embodiment of FIG. 1, in which the discharge occurs through gas gaps.
  • a sliding discharge over the surface of the dielectric due to the polarization of the dielectric and the appearance of coupled electric charges on its surface, as a rule, a greater overvoltage is realized in the discharge gap. Therefore, the emissivity of a sliding discharge in the field of hard electromagnetic radiation is higher.
  • the proposed spark plug in an internal combustion engine can significantly improve the technical characteristics of the engine.
  • the proposed spark plug provides stimulated volumetric self-ignition of the combustible mixture in the desired phase of the duty cycle.
  • volumetric self-ignition practically at the “dead dead point”, all the hidden possibilities of reciprocating internal combustion engines are realized.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention relève du domaine de la construction des moteurs et concerne en particulier des dispositifs d'allumage de moteurs à combustion interne à allumage par étincelle d'un mélange de travail. Cette invention permet d'effectuer un allumage volumique d'un mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne. La bougie d'allumage de cette invention se présente sous la forme d'un éclateur électrique composé d'un corps de métal broyé (1), d'une électrode haute tension (2) dont la surface latérale est recouverte d'un revêtement isolant diélectrique (11) et disposée le long de l'axe central du corps (1), ainsi que d'une ou plusieurs électrodes latérales (3). Cette bougie comporte également des condensateurs de soutien dont le nombre correspond au nombre d'électrodes latérales (3). Une des plaques de chacun des condensateurs de soutien est reliée électriquement au corps métallique de la bougie (1), tandis que l'autre est reliée à une des électrodes latérales (3).
PCT/RU2005/000460 2004-10-06 2005-09-12 Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne WO2006041330A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2004129263 2004-10-06
RU2004129263/06A RU2273082C1 (ru) 2004-10-06 2004-10-06 Свеча зажигания для двигателя внутреннего сгорания

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006041330A1 true WO2006041330A1 (fr) 2006-04-20

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PCT/RU2005/000460 WO2006041330A1 (fr) 2004-10-06 2005-09-12 Bougie d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne

Country Status (2)

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RU (1) RU2273082C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006041330A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9441604B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2016-09-13 Ming Zheng Multi-coil spark ignition system
CN111817140A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-23 北京航空航天大学 一种基于金属梁激振放电原理的火花塞

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2497251C1 (ru) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Уфимское научно-производственное предприятие "Молния" (ОАО УНПП "Молния") Свеча зажигания для камер сгорания энергетических и двигательных установок
RU2504059C1 (ru) * 2012-06-19 2014-01-10 Николай Иванович Чепелев Свеча зажигания

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2810159A1 (de) * 1978-03-09 1979-09-13 Bloss Werner H Prof Dr Ing Verfahren und einrichtung zur zuendung brennfaehiger gemische
SU1076994A1 (ru) * 1982-07-08 1984-02-29 Московский Ордена Ленина И Ордена Октябрьской Революции Энергетический Институт Запальна свеча поверхностного разр да
US4590536A (en) * 1985-06-20 1986-05-20 Gerry Martin E Resistive-capacitive igniter and cable
RU2100887C1 (ru) * 1994-05-12 1997-12-27 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственная фирма "Технокерам" Свеча зажигания

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2810159A1 (de) * 1978-03-09 1979-09-13 Bloss Werner H Prof Dr Ing Verfahren und einrichtung zur zuendung brennfaehiger gemische
SU1076994A1 (ru) * 1982-07-08 1984-02-29 Московский Ордена Ленина И Ордена Октябрьской Революции Энергетический Институт Запальна свеча поверхностного разр да
US4590536A (en) * 1985-06-20 1986-05-20 Gerry Martin E Resistive-capacitive igniter and cable
RU2100887C1 (ru) * 1994-05-12 1997-12-27 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-производственная фирма "Технокерам" Свеча зажигания

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9441604B2 (en) 2012-09-18 2016-09-13 Ming Zheng Multi-coil spark ignition system
CN111817140A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-23 北京航空航天大学 一种基于金属梁激振放电原理的火花塞

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Publication number Publication date
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