WO2006037667A1

WO2006037667A1 - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: WO2006037667A1
Application number: PCT/EP2005/052523
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gert Joachim Reinhardt
Original assignee: Reinhardt, Gaby, Traute
Priority date: 2004-10-02
Filing date: 2005-06-02
Publication date: 2006-04-13
Also published as: DE102004048109B3; EP1794426A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (10) comprising several combustion devices (14) each of which is provided with a cylinder section (26,32) and a piston (28, 30) guided in said section ( 26, (32), wherein the combustion devices (14) are arranged along a circular line (24). Said invention is characterised I that said combustion devices (14) are frictionally connected to each other substentially along said circular line (24) and generate a circumferentially directed force. The invention makes it possible to obtain a movement of rotation for which a crankshaft is not needed, thereby increasing the internal combustion engine (10) efficiency.

Description

internal combustion engine

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular gasoline engine or diesel engine, as used in particular for operating a power generator in a generator or power plant.

Such an internal combustion engine generally has a plurality of juxtaposed combustion devices, each having a cylinder and a piston guided in the cylinder. The pistons are connected to a crankshaft, so that the up and down movement of the piston can be converted into a rotational movement. The rotation of the crankshaft is transmitted by means of gears, for example to the drive wheels of a motor vehicle. It is also possible to operate the generator of a generator with the help of the crankshaft »

From US 1,800,677 A an internal combustion engine is known which has tangentially arranged on a circular cylinder. In each case a piston is guided in the cylinders, which drives via a lever mechanism a central to the cylinders arranged crankshaft. For this purpose, the tangential reciprocating motion of the piston is converted via the lever mechanism in a substantially radial up and down movement, so that the Force directions of the piston are directed in a star shape to the central crankshaft.

A disadvantage of such an internal combustion engine is that, for example due to friction losses, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine is low. In particular, in the conversion of a linear reciprocating motion of the piston in a rotary rotation by means of the crankshaft results in power losses.

The invention is based on the object to provide an internal combustion engine with which the efficiency can be improved.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and claim 2.

The internal combustion engine according to the invention, which can be used in particular for the operation of a Storm generator, has a plurality of combustion devices. The combustion devices each have a cylinder section designed as a cylinder. In the cylinder (section) a piston is guided. According to the invention, the combustion devices are arranged essentially along a circular line and connected to one another in each case. For this purpose, in each adjacent combustion devices, the piston of a combustion device is connected to the cylinder or cylinder section of the other combustion device. The connection of the adjacent combustion devices takes place, in particular, in an articulated manner, for example with the aid of a propeller shaft, so that a changed angular position, which may arise as a result of reciprocation of the piston, can be compensated for one another. An optionally provided piston rod is. also preferably hingedly connected to the piston. The circular or annular arrangement of the combustion devices ensures that an up and down movement of the piston makes a contribution to a rotational movement. A radial force direction can be avoided. As a result, it is not necessary to convert a linear movement by means of a crankshaft into a rotational movement, so that the crankshaft can be saved. The moving mass can thereby be reduced, so that the efficiency is improved.

In an independent invention, the mechanical connection of the piston with the cylinder is saved. The internal combustion engine according to the invention also has in this case a plurality of pistons which are each guided in a cylinder section, whereby a combustion device is formed. These combustion devices are also arranged substantially along a circular line. According to the invention, the power transmission of respectively adjacent combustion devices takes place in a force-locking manner essentially in the direction of the circular line. The connection of the respectively adjacent combustion devices is thus non-positively and not by a mechanically rigid coupling. It is therefore possible that, in the case of two mutually adjacent combustion directions, one combustion device can exert a force on the other combustion direction in the tangential direction or in the circumferential direction of the circular line. The power transmission takes place in particular via the medium enclosed in the combustion device. For example, a first piston of a first combustion device compresses the medium enclosed in the first combustion device. In particular in the subsequent expansion stroke, a second piston or second cylinder section of a second combustion device guided inside the combustion device is set in motion via the expanding medium, so that a non-positive force transmission is achieved. Preferably, at least a part of the cylinder sections form a ring-shaped circular cyclone in which the pistons are guided individually. The pistons can be held within a cylinder section by means of a locking device, in particular an electromagnetic locking device. Thus, it is possible, for example, the pistons made of a ferromagnetic alloy material, which maintains a magnetization especially at high temperatures greater than about 500 ° C, and with the help of an arranged outside the annular cylinder electric coil, the piston at a defined time and / or To lock a defined location, ie to connect briefly with the ring cylinder. This makes it possible to drive the piston without piston rod or connecting rod in the annular cylinder while ensuring accurate timing of the engine. Preferably, the pistons for dissipating the mechanical energy to a running through the Ringzylϊnder passing mechanical connection, which is, for example, an annular portion of the annular cylinder, which is movably guided between two annular cylinder shells. In particular, the annular cylinder has two of these annular annular cylinder sections, so that the pistons can each be connected alternately to one or the other annular cylinder section.

To derive the mechanical energy provided by the combustion devices, at least one z. B. configured as a separate cylinder or ring cylinder first Zylϊnderabschnitt connected to a first base and at least one z. B. as a separate cylinder or annular cylinder section ausgestalteter second Zylinderabschnϊtt connected to a second base. In this case, in particular the first base and / or the second base is designed as an output element in order to derive the rotational movement provided by the combustion devices of the internal combustion engine, for example for the operation of a power generator. The second cylinder section is preferably one Cylinder (section), which is located in an odd number of Zylϊnderabschnitten to the first Zylϊnder (abschnϊtt) away. The connection to the second base is thus made in relation to the connection to the first base at a distance of one and / or three and / or five, etc. cylinders or cylinders. Particularly preferably, the cylinder sections are connected alternately to the first base or the second base, so that the cylinder sections of the combustion devices arranged along the circular line are alternately connected to the first base or the second base. The connection takes place in particular via the propeller shaft of a possibly provided articulated connection between two adjacent combustion devices.

For example, if the first base is held stationary, a first piston guided in the first cylinder portion is moved relative to the first cylinder portion, so that due to the connection of the first piston with an example adjacent second Zylϊnderabschnitt and the second cylinder portion performs a relative movement to the first cylinder portion. Since the second cylinder portion is connected to the second base, there is a relative movement of the second base to the first base. Due to the circular arrangement of the combustion devices, the relative movement is a rotational movement that can be used by a device connected to the internal combustion engine via the second base, so that the second base is configured as an output element for dissipating the mechanical energy.

Particularly preferably, both the first base and the second base are preferably designed alternately as an output element. For example, the first base is held until the first piston has reached its bottom or top dead center, so that the second base is moved. Subsequently, the second base is held until the first piston has reached its subsequent bottom or top dead center, so that the first base in the same direction turns, as before the second base. As a result, a rotation in exactly one direction of rotation can be made possible as a downforce.

The internal combustion engine preferably has a blocking device which prevents a movement of the cylinder section in a specific direction of rotation, so that a rotational movement, in particular of the first base and / or the second base, is ensured in exactly one direction of rotation. Preferably, the first base and / or the second base on a locking device, electromagnetic locking device o. Ä. On., Which in particular has a one-sided freewheel., Thus, a rotational movement of the first base and / or the second base are locked in a certain Drchrtchtung , so that only a rotation in the direction of the freewheel of the locking device is made possible. The locking device does not necessarily have to be made stationary. In particular, it is possible for both the first base and the second base to rotate simultaneously in the same direction, and preferably only those rotational movements of the bases which are opposite to this rotation to be blocked, in particular with the aid of the latching device.

The locking device is particularly advantageous in a multi-stage internal combustion engine, in which preferably a second set is provided substantially along a circular line arranged combustion devices. The second set of combustion devices is in particular connected to the first set of combustion devices by the first base or the second base. For this purpose, the second set of combustion devices, for example, itself also a first base and a second base, wherein z. For example, the second base of the second set of combustion devices may coincide with the first base of the first set of combustion devices. As a result, the rotational movements of the two sets of combustion devices can add up, so that the effective rotational speed of the internal combustion engine multiplies. Preferably, the sets are combustion devices Clocked asynchronously to each other, so that the rotational movement generated by the particular set of internal combustion engines can be made uniform.

Preferably, the circularly arranged combustors and / or the first base and / or the second base are rotatably disposed about a rotation axis passing through a center of the circular arrangement of the combustors. The first base and / or the second base are in particular disc-shaped, preferably annular. This makes it possible to distribute the weight of the combustion devices and possibly the bases clearly spaced from the axis of rotation, so that a high torque is achieved at a relatively low total weight. As a result, a flywheel for the internal combustion engine is not required.

Particularly preferably, a flow element for input and / or output is arranged in the radial direction within the circular line, which may possibly be offset axially. The drive element is, for example, a propeller, a propeller, a turbine blade or the like. The flow element is connected directly or indirectly to at least one cylinder section and / or a base. This makes it possible that a direct drive is achieved by the internal combustion engine without moving intermediate elements. For example, such a further developed internal combustion engine can be connected to a drive-on device of an aircraft or form the drive device.

The internal combustion engine according to the invention is preferably used in a power plant for generating electricity, in which the internal combustion engine, for example, drives an electric machine operated as a generator. The coil (s) and / or the at least one permanent magnet of the electric machine are connected to the internal combustion engine in particular via the first base or the second base. The power plant with the internal combustion engine according to the invention is used in particular for means of transport and other local off-grid power generating devices having at least one electrically driven drive means, such as motor vehicles, motor boats, aircraft, etc .. Since the power plant with the internal combustion engine according to the invention has a low weight, is suitable the power plant connected to the drive device, in particular for small aircraft, thereby the weight of the small aircraft can be reduced, so that the payload, for example, for freight transport, can be increased. As a result, the energy consumption for a certain amount of payload is reduced, so that the efficiency of the means of transport and in particular the small aircraft is improved.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of an inventive

Combustion engine,

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.

1, Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a locking device,

Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the invention

Internal combustion engine in an alternative embodiment,

Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line VIII-VIII

4 and 6 shows a schematic sectional view along the line IX from FIG. 4.

In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the internal combustion engine 10 according to the invention has a first set of combustion devices 14 and a second set of combustion devices. Respectively adjacent Verbrennungsseϊnrichtungen 14 are hingedly connected to each other via a propeller shaft 18. The combustion devices 14 are successively alternately connected via the propeller shafts 18 to a first base 20 and a second base 22, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, the second base 22 of the first set 12 is connected to the first base 20 of the second set 16. However, the second base 22 of the first set 12 and the first base 20 of the second set 16 may also be the same component.

The combustion devices 14 are arranged along a circular line 24 (FIG. 2). To the first base 20, a first cylinder portion 26 is connected, in which a first piston 28 is guided. The first cylinder section 26 is connected to a second piston 30, which is guided in a second cylinder section 32. In the illustrated embodiment, the cylinder sections 26, 32 configured as a cup-shaped open on one side, as they are known for example from the automotive industry. The first cylinder section 26 and the second piston 30 are connected to the first base 20 via the propeller shaft 18. The second cylinder section 32 is connected to the first piston 28 of a further combustion device 14, so that the second cylinder section 32 and the first piston 28 are connected via the first cylinder 28 PTO shaft 18 are connected to the second base 22. In the illustrated embodiment, the internal combustion engine 10 is a 2-stroke engine or 4-stroke engine, ie, the first piston 28 experiences an intake or expansion movement in the first cylinder section 26. Accordingly, the second piston 30 undergoes a compression or ejection movement in the second cylinder portion 32. Because of the connection adjacent combustion devices 14 causes the expansion movement of the first piston 28 to move the second cylinder section 32 towards the second piston 30. In the case where the second base 22 is stationary, not the second piston 30 but the second cylinder portion 32 is moved.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first base 20 is disk-shaped and has a central opening 34, which has a center 36 of the circular arrangement of the Verbrennungsseinrϊchtung 14. The central opening 34 can serve to receive a drive or output shaft. Further, through the central opening 34 fuel lines 38 and exhaust pipes 40 may be performed. Preferably, the fuel lines 38 and the exhaust pipes 40 via a rotary joint, for. As a rotatable sleeve with a Radialwellendϊchtring, connected, so that a twist of the fuel lines 38 and the exhaust pipes 40 is avoided. Further, a fuel tank may preferably be disposed between the combustion devices 14 and the central opening 34 so that the centrifugal force during operation of the internal combustion engine 10 constitutes part of the delivery pressure of the fuel supply.

For example, with the first base 20 and the second base 22 may optionally be connected via a connecting piece 50, a latching device 66 (Fig, 3). Likewise, other embodiments, for example as a freewheel are possible. For this purpose, the connecting piece 50, for example, a sawtooth ring gear 68, which can cooperate with a counter-oriented sawtooth-shaped locking element 70. The latching element 70 is resiliently guided in a housing 74, for example by means of springs 72. During a movement of the connecting piece 50 in the direction of an arrow 76, flanks 78 of the toothed ring 68 slide on flanks 80 of the latching element 70, so that the latching element 70 can yield in the direction of an arrow 82. This ensures an unrestrained movement of the connecting piece 50 in the direction of the arrow 76. In the case that on the connector 50 a Force acts, which would cause a movement opposite to the arrow 76, contact surfaces 84 of the ring gear 68 abut stop surfaces 86 of the locking element 70. A movement of the locking element 70 in the direction of the arrow 82 is omitted, so that a movement of the connecting piece 50 against the arrow 76 is prevented. It can also be provided a plurality of locking devices 66, which cooperate with the first base 20 and / or the second base 22, respectively, to ensure exactly one direction of rotation.

With the aid of the latching device 66, it is ensured that the first base 20 or the second base 22 only rotates in exactly one direction. As the first base 20 of the second set 16 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the second base 22 of the first set 12 via the connecting piece 50 The second set 16 may rotate faster than the first set 12.

To even out the rotation of the connector 50, the clock cycle of the second set 16 of the combustor 14 is shifted by one clock at the clock cycle of the first set 12. The set 12, 16 of the combustion devices 14 may have four, in particular eight, preferably twelve and more preferably sixteen combustion devices 14.

In an alternative embodiment of the internal combustion engine 10 according to the invention, the first pistons 28 and the second pistons 30 are arranged without a piston rod within a ring-shaped annular cylinder 88 (FIG. 4). The first pistons 28 are connected to the first base 20 through the ring cycler 88 via a first connector 90. Correspondingly, the second pistons 30 are connected to the second base 22 via a second connecting element 92.

In order to allow expansion or compression of individual combustion chambers 94 are generated by means of the electric coils 96 Magnetic forces each held the first piston 28 and the second piston 30 is movably held or vice versa (Fig. 5). This makes it possible to exert a force on an adjacent combustion chamber 94 from a combustion chamber 94 in the direction of the circular line 24 via one of the pistons 28, 30 and to divert a portion of this force via the first base 20 and the second base 22, respectively. In order to ensure exactly one direction of rotation, as described above, the first base 20 and / or the second base 22 may cooperate with a locking device, such as a detent device 66 or an electromagnetic locking device. Since in the illustrated embodiment, the first cylinder sections 26 and the second cylinder sections 32 merge into each other, a particularly large number of combustion devices 14 can be arranged one behind the other, so that relatively little installation space is required to provide a specific power.

The ring cylinder 88 has in particular two strip-shaped Ringzylinderabschnϊtte 98, which are arranged between two annular cylindrical shells 100, 102, between which the annular cylinder sections 98 are guided (Fig. 6). The ring cylinder sections 98 may also be the first base 20 and the second base 22 simultaneously.

Claims

claims

1. internal combustion engine, in particular for the operation of a Stormerzcugers (42), with

a plurality of combustion devices (14) each having a cylinder-forming cylinder section (26, 32) and a piston (28, 30) guided in the cylinder section (26, 32),

characterized in that

the combustion devices (14) are arranged substantially along a circular line (24) and in each case adjacent combustion devices (14) of the pistons (28, 30) of the one combustion device (14) with the cylinder section (32, 26) of the other combustion device (14) connected is.

2. Internal combustion engine, in particular for the operation of a power generator (42), with

a plurality of pistons (28, 30) each guided in a cylinder portion (26, 32) for forming a combustion device (14), respectively;

wherein the combustion devices (14) are arranged substantially along a circular line (24),

characterized in that

each adjacent combustion devices (14) are substantially non-positively connected in the direction of the circular line (24) for transmitting power.

3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the plurality of cylinder sections (26, 32) form a kreisrϊngförmigen annular cylinder in which the pistons (28, 30) are each guided individually and via a locking device, in particular an electromagnetic Arretϊervorrichtung, within the Rϊngzylinders are resistant to movement.

4 .. Internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that at least one first cylinder portion (26) having a first base (20) and at least a second cylinder portion (32), in particular alternately connected to a second base (22) , wherein in particular the first base (20) and / or the second base (22) is designed as an output element for dissipating mechanical energy.

5. Internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the first base (20) and / or the second base (22) with a locking device, in particular a one-sided freewheel having locking device (66) is connected,

6. internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that in the radial direction within the circular line (24) directly or indirectly with at least one cylinder section (26, 32) and / or a base (20, 22) connected flow element, in particular a propeller is arranged.

7. An internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the circularly arranged combustion means (14) and / or the bases (20, 22) about a through a center (36) of the circular arrangement of Verbrennungsseϊnrichtungen (14) extending axis of rotation are arranged rotatably.

8. Internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized by a second set (16) substantially along a circular line (24) arranged combustion devices (14), in particular by the first base (20) or the second base (22) the first set (12) combustion devices (14) is connected.

9. power plant for power generation, with

an internal combustion engine (10) according to any one of claims 1-8 and

an electric machine connected to the internal combustion engine (10),

10. means of transport, especially small aircraft, with

at least one electrically driven Antriebseϊnrichtung and

a connected to the drive means power plant (54) according to claim 9 and / or

An internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-8.