WO2006029307A2

WO2006029307A2 - System and method for manually adjustable directional antenna

Info

Publication number: WO2006029307A2
Application number: PCT/US2005/032139
Authority: WO
Inventors: Douglas A. Hyslop
Original assignee: Nextel Communications, Inc.
Priority date: 2004-09-09
Filing date: 2005-09-09
Publication date: 2006-03-16
Also published as: WO2006029307A9; WO2006029307A3

Abstract

Systems and methods for a manually adjustable directional antenna are disclosed. The device includes a housing and the housing includes a wireless modem, a directional antenna and an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism is coupled to the directional antenna via a mounting pipe. Alternatively, the housing includes a directional antenna, an adjustment mechanism, and a connector, which couples the directional antenna to an external modem. The adjustment mechanism may be an adjustment knob for the directional antenna within the housing or a rotatable turntable used to support and rotate the entire housing, including the directional antenna.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANUALLY ADJUSTABLE DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application

Nos. 60/608,109, 60/608,132, 60/608,123, 60/608,124, 60/608,133, 60/608,134,

and 60/608,135, all of which were filed September 9, 2004, and U.S. Application Nos. 11/200,210 and 11/200,211 both filed August 10, 2005, the entire disclosures of these applications are herein expressly incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates generally to wireless communication systems, and in particular, to broadband wireless devices and a method of using such devices in wireless communication systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Wireless broadband data technologies are often coverage, or RSSI, limited on the reverse link and SNR, or interference, limited on the forward link. Coverage and interference are driving factors for the number of cell sites

that a wireless network operator must build and the resulting performance

provided at the edge of its cells. Wireless network operators desire to reduce the capital expenditures of the network build-out, while also maximizing performance, in terms of sector capacity and geographic availability of peak rates, within the site coverage footprint. Accordingly, wireless network operators seek to maximize both coverage and interference protection on both the forward and reverse links.

[0004] Two approaches are generally taken in maximizing coverage. One approach for portable/mobile end-user devices is to design a high-gain omni- directional antenna in the end-user device. This approach is limited by the size of the antenna that may be integrated with the portable/mobile end-user device, usually resulting in a gain around -1 dBi. A further limitation is the omni¬

directional nature of the antenna. Specifically, because the portable/mobile end-user device moves around, thus having no fixed orientation, and must be able to access base stations from any direction, the antenna must have equal gain in all directions. This approach detracts from providing a high gain for

better coverage, and further does not reduce the interference seen from

neighboring base stations.

[0005] A second approach, common in fixed communication systems, is to install a directional antenna at the customer premises and to arrange a cable extending back to the end-user device, typically a desk-mounted unit. This

approach has the advantage of greater coverage given the higher-gain,

directional antenna. This approach also provides better interference protection because the antenna may be directed towards the desired cell, and the antenna pattern reduces the interfering signal strengths. The disadvantage of this approach, however, is the installation of the directional antenna. Because the

antenna must be accurately directed toward the base station, the wireless network operator may have to bear the cost of professionally installing antennas at the customer location. Alternatively, the wireless network operator can attempt to rely upon the end-user to mount and manually orient the

antenna. However, the end-user may not be able to properly orient the

directional antenna due to unfriendly mounting platforms and lack of technical experience. There is therefore needed systems and methods which address the

above problems and maintain the benefits of a directional antenna approach while minimizing the costs and disadvantages associated therewith.

SUMMAEY OF THE INVENTION

[0006] Systems and methods for an adjustable directional antenna are disclosed. The device includes an RF transparent housing. In accordance with

a first embodiment of the present invention, the housing includes a wireless

modem, a directional antenna and a manually operated adjustment mechanism, such as an adjustment knob or the like. The adjustment knob is coupled to the directional antenna via a mounting pipe. Accordingly, an end- user may

manually adjust the direction of the directional antenna. The device can

provide feedback to the end-user on the signal strength and quality as the end-

user adjusts the directional antenna.

[0007] In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, the housing includes a directional antenna, a manually operated adjustment

mechanism, such as an adjustment knob or the like, and a connector which

couples the directional antenna to an external modem. The adjustment knob is coupled to the directional antenna via a mounting pipe. Accordingly, an end- user may manually adjust the direction of the directional antenna. A software program running on a computer coupled to the external modem can provide feedback to the end-user on the signal strength and quality as the end-user adjusts the directional antenna.

[0008] In accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, the housing includes a directional antenna and a connector which couples the directional antenna to an external modem. A rotatable mechanism, such as a

turntable or the like, supports the housing. Accordingly, an end-user may manually adjust the direction of the directional antenna by use of the rotatable mechanism. A software program running on a computer coupled to the external modem can provide feedback to the end-user on the signal strength and quality

as the end-user adjusts the directional antenna.

[0009] In accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the housing includes a wireless modem and a directional antenna. A rotatable mechanism, such as a turntable or the like, supports the housing. Accordingly,

an end-user may manually adjust the direction of the directional antenna by

use of the rotatable mechanism. The device can provide feedback to the end-

user on the signal strength and quality as the end-user adjusts the directional

antenna.

[0010] In accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention,

the housing includes a wireless modem coupled to a directional antenna via a mounting pipe and an internal connecting cable. The wireless modem includes a mechanical antenna adjuster, which automatically adjusts the direction of the directional antenna based on signal strength and quality.

[0011] In accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention, the housing includes a directional antenna and a mechanical antenna adjuster.

The directional antenna is coupled to an external modem. The mechanical antenna adjuster is coupled to the external modem via a feedback control connection. The external modem uses the feedback control connection to direct the mechanical antenna adjuster to automatically adjust the direction of the

directional antenna based on signal strength and quality.

[0012] Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary manually adjustable directional antenna system in accordance with the first embodiment of the present

invention;

[0014] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary manually adjustable directional

antenna system in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention; [0015] Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary manually adjustable directional antenna system in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary manually adjustable directional antenna system in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary automatically adjustable directional antenna system in accordance with the fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary automatically adjustable

directional antenna system in accordance with the sixth embodiment of the

present invention; and

[0019] Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary directional antenna which may

be incorporated into the adjustable directional antenna systems of Figures 1-6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] In the following, the same reference numbers will be used for the

same components illustrated throughout the drawing figures.

[0021] The present invention incorporates a high-gain, directional antenna, into a housing along with a mechanism for adjusting, either manually or automatically, the orientation of the directional antenna. As described herein, an end-user device in accordance with the present invention may be a fixed or low portability broadband wireless device, such as a wireless modem utilized in various fixed/mobile broadband data systems, including the Flash

OFDM system produced by Flarion Technologies Inc. The known end-user

device used in the Flash OFDM system produced by Flarion Technologies Inc. is

referred to as a PAD. The PAD includes a generally rectangular wireless modem coupled to an omnidirectional antenna, such as those commonly sold to consumers or small businesses for wireless Internet access. The end-user device or PAD is placed in a location having favorable RF conditions, and the connection to a computer or 802.11 router is made, typically, via an Ethernet cable. However, such PADs suffer the disadvantages discussed above.

[0022] In accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the present

invention, the end-user device is provided with a larger, RF-transparent,

housing containing the wireless modem electronics, a directional planar antenna, and a mounting pipe for the antenna. The mounting pipe may be attached to the top of the housing. The mounting pipe is terminated in a user-

adjustable mechanism to allow rotation of the directional antenna over a 360

degree range.

[0023] As illustrated in Figure 1, the first embodiment of the present

invention incorporates a manually adjustable directional antenna 10 within a housing 12 for a wireless device, such as a desktop modem 14 for broadband

wireless data systems. The housing itself may be made of any RF transparent material, such as any of a number of RF transparent plastic materials or the like. The adjustment mechanism 16 may be, for example, a knob or the like, mounted on the top of the housing 12 (or other suitable location). The

adjustment mechanism may be coupled directly to the mounting pipe 18 of the

directional antenna 10. The mounting pipe/knob configuration arranged on/in

the housing 12 incorporates a stop mechanism such that the antenna 10 may be rotated a full 360 degrees but, preferably, no farther, in order to reduce stress

on the connectors and cable 20 within the housing 12.

[0024] The modem 14 itself may be mounted in the lower portion of the housing 12, and may be coupled to the antenna 10 through a cable 20 capable of withstanding the 360 degree rotation without degrading the quality of the

connection between the modem and the antenna. Of course, any other suitable

mounting of the components within the housing would be acceptable within the

spirit of the invention.

[0025] The knob 16, connected to the antenna mounting pipe 18, may be

adjusted over 360 degrees and may include stops such that any point within the

360 degree rotation will be held if selected by the user.

[0026] Status indicators 24, such as lights, bars, numerical displays or the like, may be provided on an exterior of the housing 12 to provide feedback to the end-user on the signal strength and quality as the end-user changes the antenna direction. The status indicators reflect the signal measurements made

by the wireless modem 14, and aid the user in finding the optimal antenna orientation. The means by which the signal measurements are made and

indicated to the user are known generally and will not be described further herein.

[0027] The directional antenna 10 may be of various portable types. For example, directional antennas produced by Centurion and Tecom may be

incorporated into the invention. Such directional antennas provide higher gain than omni- directional antennas, while still having a sufficient form factor such that the overall size of the wireless device would be acceptable to a user. Figure

7 illustrates the Centurion "Whisper" directional antenna, having a +7.5 dBi

gain, which may be used in the present invention. Of course, other directional

antennas, having different form factors and characteristics, may also be incorporated into the wireless device according to the present invention.

[0028] In accordance with the second embodiment of the present

invention, an RF-transparent housing contains the directional planar antenna

and a mounting pipe for the antenna. The mounting pipe may be attached to

the top of the housing and may be terminated in a user- adjustable knob to allow rotation of the directional antenna over a 360 degree range.

[0029] As illustrated in Figure 2, the second embodiment of the present

invention manually adjusts the orientation of a directional antenna 10 within an RF-transparent housing 12 for use with an external broadband wireless device 14, such as a standalone modem or a PCMCIA card (not shown). The

device is provided with an RF connector 15 to couple the antenna with the external device. The adjustment mechanism may be a knob 16 mounted on the

top of the housing, connected directly to the mounting pipe 18 of the directional antenna 10. As with Figure 1, within the housing 12, the mounting pipe/knob may contain a stop mechanism such that the antenna may be rotated a full 360 degrees, but preferably no farther, in order to reduce stress on the connectors and cable within the housing.

[0030] The knob 16, connected to the antenna mounting pipe 18, may be adjusted over 360 degrees, and may include stops such that any point within the 360 degree rotation will be held if selected by the user.

[0031] A software program running on an end-user's computer (not

shown) may provide signal strength and quality information to the end-user,

and be used in finding the optimal antenna orientation. Such programs are conventionally known and need not be described in any greater detail here. The software program display reflects the signal measurements made by the

wireless modem, and aids the end-user in finding the optimal antenna

orientation.

[0032] In accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention

shown in Figure 3, an RF-transparent housing 12 contains the directional

planar antenna 10 and a mounting pipe 18 for the antenna. The housing is

mounted on a rotatable mechanism 26, such as a turntable. The turntable 26 allows rotation of the directional antenna 10 over a 360 degree range. Incorporation of the directional antenna 10 within the housing 12 protects the antenna and connecting cable 21 in a form that is readily integrated with existing devices.

[0033] As illustrated in Figure 3, the third embodiment of the present

invention manually adjusts the orientation of the directional antenna 10 within the RF-transparent housing 12 for use with an external broadband wireless

device 14 such as a standalone modem or a PCMCIA card (not shown). The adjustment mechanism 26 may be a turntable or the like which supports the

housing and antenna assembly. The turntable 26 may be adjusted over 360 degrees, and preferably contains stops such that any point within the 360 degree rotation will be held if selected by the end-user.

[0034] As with the embodiment of Figure 2, a software program running

on the end-user's computer may provide signal strength and quality information to the end-user, and may be used in finding the optimal antenna orientation.

The software program display reflects the signal measurements made by the wireless modem, and aids the end-user in finding the optimal antenna

orientation.

[0035] In accordance with the fourth exemplary embodiment of the

present invention, a larger, RF-transparent housing contains the wireless modem electronics, a directional planar antenna, and a mounting pipe for the

antenna attached to the modem body. The entire modem/antenna assembly and

housing is mounted on a rotatable mechanism, such as turntable or the like, allowing rotation of the directional antenna over a 360 degree range. The present invention adjusts the antenna orientation by turning the entire device housing, thus reducing tension on the internal RF connectors and cables. [0036] As illustrated in Figure 4, the fourth exemplary embodiment incorporates a manually adjustable directional antenna 10 within a housing 12

for a wireless device 14, such as a desktop modem for broadband wireless data

systems. The adjustment mechanism 26 may be a turntable or the like supporting the entire housing 12 assembly containing the modem 14 and antenna 10. The turntable preferably contains stops, or utilizes sufficiently provided friction, such that the antenna may be rotated a full 360 degrees and

such that any point within the 360 degree rotation will be held if selected by the user.

[0037] Status indicators, such as status lights or the like, on the exterior of the housing provide feedback to the user on the signal strength and quality

as the user changes the antenna direction. The status lights reflect the signal

measurements made by the wireless modem, and aid the user in finding the

optimal antenna orientation.

[0038] In accordance with the fifth exemplary embodiment of the present

invention, the end-user device utilizes a larger, RF-transparent, housing

containing the wireless modem electronics, a directional planar antenna, and a mounting pipe for the antenna attached to a mechanical device integrated with the modem that is capable of rotating the directional antenna over a 360 degree

range. [0039] As illustrated in Figure 5, the fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention incorporates a directional antenna 10 within a housing 12 for a wireless device, such as a desktop modem for broadband wireless data systems. The directional antenna 10 is attached to a mechanism 30 capable of

rotating the antenna over a 360 degree range. The modem processor (not

illustrated) controls the antenna rotation mechanism. Upon modem power-up or upon change of antenna signal quality from its long-term average, the modem directs the mechanical device 30 to rotate the antenna through the 360- degree range. The modem receiver (not illustrated) monitors signal strength

and quality as a function of antenna orientation, and at the end of the 360-

degree search, re-orients the antenna 10 to the optimal direction for signal strength and quality.

[0040] The modem itself may be mounted in the lower portion of the

housing, and is connected to the antenna 10 through a cable 20 capable of

withstanding the 360 degree rotation without degrading the quality of the

connection between the modem and the antenna. As shown in Figure 5, the modem is integrated together with the mechanical adjuster 30, although it need

not be. [0041] The sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes an RF-transparent housing containing the directional planar antenna and a mounting pipe for the antenna attached to a mechanical device. The mechanical device is capable of rotating the directional antenna over a 360 degree range. An external modem or PC card processor controls the mechanical device.

[0042] As illustrated in Figure 6, the sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention incorporates a directional antenna 10 within an RF- transparent housing 12 for use with an external broadband wireless device 14,

such as a standalone modem or a PCMCIA card (not shown). The directional antenna 10 is attached to a mechanism 30 capable of rotating the antenna over

a 360 degree range. The external modem provides a feedback mechanism 32 to aid in controlling the antenna rotation mechanism 30. Upon modem power-up or upon change of antenna signal quality from its long-term average, the

modem directs the mechanical device 30 to rotate the antenna through the 360-

degree range. The modem receiver monitors signal strength and quality as a function of antenna orientation, and at the end of the 360-degree search, re¬ orients the antenna to the optimal direction for signal strength and quality.

[0043] The modem itself, in Figure 6, is arranged external to the housing,

and is coupled to the housing through two connections, one being the RF cable to the antenna port of the device, and the second being the cable for the

feedback control mechanism. [0044] The automated approach to optimizing the antenna orientation has

several benefits, such as minimal end-user interaction and automatic re- optimization upon change in device location or upon installation of new base stations. Moreover, the additional cost of this type of antenna may be acceptable since it is to be targeted for end-users located in worse RF conditions. Because the present invention is an external add-on, only end-users who are so-called "coverage-challenged" need to incur the higher cost of this approach.

[0045] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention employ directional planar antennas with gain of 7 to 8 dBi and front-to-back ratios of 20 dB or more. The antenna size can be approximately 4 inches x 4 inches, which is a reasonable dimension for a desk-mounted or low portability device. The performance provided by the present invention dramatically improves the link

budget in a wireless network, and also greatly improves performance through attenuation of interference from neighboring cells. This significantly reduces

capital expenditures for the wireless network operator and reduces installation

cost considering the level of performance gain. The user interface is much

simpler than traditional, externally mounted directional antennas, thus improving acceptance and "uptake" by subscribers. [0046] While the invention has been described in connection with various

embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is capable of further

modifications. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses or

adaptation of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention, and including such departures from the present disclosure as, within the known and customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A broadband wireless device, comprising:

an RF transparent housing, the housing comprising

a wireless modem;

a directional antenna coupled to the wireless modem;

a manual adjustment mechanism; and

a mounting pipe coupling the directional antenna and the adjustment mechanism, wherein the adjustment mechanism adjusts the position of the directional antenna.

2. The broadband wireless device of claim 1, wherein the device provides feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

3. The broadband wireless device of claim 1, wherein the adjustment mechanism is a user operable adjustment knob.

4. The broadband wireless device of claim 2, further comprising a status indicator arranged so as to be viewable by a user externally of the housing, the status indicator providing the feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

5. A broadband wireless device, comprising:

an RF transparent housing, the housing comprising

a directional antenna;

a connector to an external modem, wherein the connector couples the directional antenna to an external modem;

a manual adjustment mechanism; and

6. The broadband wireless device of claim 5, wherein a software program running on a computer coupled to the external modem provides feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

7. The broadband wireless device of claim 5, wherein the adjustment mechanism is a user operable adjustment knob.

8. The broadband wireless device of claim 6, further comprising a status indicator arranged so as to be viewable by a user externally of the housing, the status indicator providing the feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

9. The broadband wireless device of claim 6, further comprising a display coupled with the computer to provide the feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

10. A broadband wireless device, comprising:

an EF transparent housing, the housing comprising

a directional antenna;

a connector to an external modem, wherein the connector couples the directional antenna to an external modem; and

a rotatable mechanism coupled with the housing, wherein rotation of the rotatable mechanism adjusts the position of the directional antenna by rotating the housing.

11. The broadband wireless device of claim 10, wherein a software program running on a computer coupled to the external modem provides feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

12. The broadband wireless device of claim 10, wherein the rotatable mechanism is a turntable supporting the housing.

13. The broadband wireless device of claim 11, further comprising a status indicator arranged so as to be viewable by a user externally of the housing, the status indicator providing the feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

14. The broadband wireless device of claim 11, further comprising a display coupled with the computer to provide the feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

15. A broadband wireless device, comprising: an RF transparent housing, the housing comprising

a wireless modem;

a directional antenna coupled to the wireless modem; and

a rotatable mechanism coupled to the housing, wherein rotation of the rotatable mechanism adjusts the position of the directional antenna by rotating the housing.

16. The broadband wireless device of claim 15, wherein the device provides feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

17. The broadband wireless device of claim 15, wherein the rotatable mechanism is a turntable.

18. The broadband wireless device of claim 16, further comprising a status indicator arranged so as to be viewable by a user externally of the housing, the status indicator providing the feedback on signal strength and quality as the directional antenna is adjusted.

19. A method of orienting a broadband wireless device, the method comprising the acts of: incorporating a directional antenna into an RF transparent housing of a portable broadband wireless device; coupling a mechanism for rotating the directional antenna about 360 degrees of rotation with one of the RF transparent housing and the directional antenna; adjusting the orientation of the directional antenna via the mechanism based on feedback concerning signal strength and quality provided as the directional antenna is rotated.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the mechanism is a manual adjustment mechanism coupled so as to rotate the directional antenna within the RF transparent housing.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the mechanism is a manual adjustment mechanism coupled so as to rotate the housing in which the directional antenna is fixedly arranged so as to rotate the directional antenna.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the mechanism automatically adjusts the direction of the directional antenna.

23. A broadband wireless device, comprising: a housing, the housing comprising a directional antenna; and a wireless modem coupled to the directional antenna, wherein the wireless modem includes a mechanical antenna adjuster which automatically adjusts the direction of the directional antenna based on signal strength and quality.

24. The broadband wireless device of claim 23, wherein the device automatically adjusts the direction of the directional antenna upon power-up or change in antenna signal quality.

25. The broadband wireless device of claim 23, wherein the direction of the directional antenna is automatically adjusted by moving the directional antenna through a 360 degree search, and the direction is oriented based upon an optimal direction for signal strength and quality measured during the search.

26. A broadband wireless device for use with an external modem, comprising: a housing, the housing comprising a directional antenna coupled to the external modem; and a mechanical adjuster coupled to the directional antenna and the external modem, wherein the external modem provides control signals to the mechanical adjuster to automatically adjust the direction of the directional antenna based on signal strength and quality.

27. The broadband wireless device of claim 26, wherein the direction of the directional antenna is automatically adjusted upon power-up or change in antenna signal quality.

28. The broadband wireless device of claim 26, wherein the direction of the directional antenna is automatically adjusted by moving the directional antenna through a 360 degree search, and the direction is oriented based upon an optimal direction for signal strength and quality measured during the search.