WO2006028422A1 - Dispositif servant a produire un courant continu et un courant alternatif pour unites mobiles - Google Patents

Dispositif servant a produire un courant continu et un courant alternatif pour unites mobiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006028422A1
WO2006028422A1 PCT/SI2005/000027 SI2005000027W WO2006028422A1 WO 2006028422 A1 WO2006028422 A1 WO 2006028422A1 SI 2005000027 W SI2005000027 W SI 2005000027W WO 2006028422 A1 WO2006028422 A1 WO 2006028422A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
voltage
recited
engine
driving engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SI2005/000027
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anton Dolenc
Stojan Markic
Lovrenc Gasparin
Robert Vodopivec
Vojko Blazic
Original Assignee
Iskra Avtoelektrika D.D.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iskra Avtoelektrika D.D. filed Critical Iskra Avtoelektrika D.D.
Publication of WO2006028422A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006028422A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/48—Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/30—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a device for generating direct and alternating electric currents for mobile units.
  • electric currents at a constant voltage are suitable for such electrical users, whose power consumption is not required at driving the mobile unit.
  • the alternating current has been more successful than the direct current since the line transmission power loss, especially for long lines, is due to a higher voltage being easier attainable, much lower than with the lower voltage direct current; the power loss is even lower at a high voltage.
  • the direct current is conducted at a higher power with a higher line transmission power loss, even if a conductor with an extremely large cross-sectional area is used, whereas this is not needed with the alternating current at a high voltage, where a lower power loss is already reached with a conductor having a smaller cross-sectional area.
  • Most high power devices which are also needed in some mobile units, are supplied with an alternating current at a voltage of 110 V or 220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
  • a first one is a system with a low accumulator direct voltage usually of 12 V or 24 V for a lower power used to start the internal combustion engine and for lighting and smaller consumers.
  • a second system is provided for high power consumers, which operate at a standard high alternating voltage 220 V or 110 V.
  • the alternating current is used for prime movers of hydraulic systems in cranes, construction machines, excavators, agricultural machines, tractors and similar units, also for simpler functions like heating, air conditioning and cooking on ships, yachts etc..
  • a constant alternating voltage within permissible tolerances is required in the majority of the mentioned applications.
  • a device for generating an alternating electric current having its own drive mostly a single-piston internal combustion engine, which drives an alternating current generator generating a high alternating voltage, is used on smaller and medium-size yachts.
  • the alternating current is rectified by a rectifier.
  • a direct current circuit also feeds an accumulator.
  • An additional internal combustion engine is required to generate different currents.
  • a device for generating a direct and an alternating current is disclosed in US patent 4,684,873, whereat a main internal combustion engine drives a direct current generator as well as an alternating current generator.
  • the device is provided for aircraft.
  • the technical problem of the present invention is to propose a device, which will generate a direct and an alternating electric current at a constant voltage, take up very little space, have a low weight, the generation and service costs wiil be low, it will not affect the environment, will be to a high degree independent of the engine speed and will make possible a use of the direct current as well as of the alternating current when the driving engine not operating, without, however, requiring an additional engine to drive the generator.
  • a special feature of the device which is provided to generate a direct electric current at a constant voltage, especially a direct electric current at a low voltage, and an alternating electric current at a constant voltage by means of an alternating current generator, a rectifier and a drive for the alternating current generator, is above all in that the drive is carried out by an internal combustion engine, which is the driving engine of a mobile unit, particularly of mobile homes, ship cranes, freezer trucks, agricultural machines, excavators, tractors and similar units, and is provided to drive the mobile unit as well as the generator.
  • the driving engine is an internal combustion engine, preferably a piston engine, and the generator together with a flywheel of the internal combustion engine is placed in a flywheel housing.
  • a generator rotor is provided with permanent magnets, in particular rare-earth magnets.
  • the generator generates the electric current at a high frequency, preferably over 400 Hz, and at a voltage particularly from 14 V to 360 V at the nominal speed of the internal combustion engine.
  • a rectifier is connected to a filter provided to smooth the voltage - a voltage smoothing filter - and is connected to a DC-DC converter-controller, which, however, is connected to parallelly interconnected an inverter with a transformer and accumulators.
  • the proposed device provides the direct and alternating current of a constant voltage at a variable speed of the driving engine and also when the engine does not operate.
  • the high-frequency alternating current generator provides for a high power of the generator at a low engine speed.
  • the voltage smoothing filter provided with large capacitors and, when needed, also with a choke being connected behind the rectifier prevents a distortion of high-frequency sinusoidal currents in windings and hereby also losses in the generator stator at a high engine speed. In this way, over 70 % of the nominal generator power are already available at 25 % of the nominal engine speed.
  • the proposed device is independent of external energy sources like a mains supply, a hydraulic drive, a wind drive etc. because the generator is driven by an internal combustion engine, in particular by a piston engine, which at the same time mechanically drives the mobile unit.
  • the driving engine is an internal combustion engine driving the mobile unit, particularly a mobile home, ship crane, freezer track, construction machine, excavator, agricultural machine, tractor etc.
  • an additional internal combustion engine can be simply avoided.
  • the generator has a rotor provided with permanent magnets, the electric current can be generated in a stationary stator winding without any need for slip rings, brushes or similar devices.
  • the generator can have a very high power and efficiency without any slip rings or similar devices being needed on the rotor. Therefore a space saving mounting of the generator into a flywheel housing is possible without any risk of having to disassemble the complete device when maintaining the brashes and slip rings. If the alternating current generator is connected through the rectifier to the voltage smoothing filter and to the DC-DC converter-controller, a constant direct voltage having a characteristic appropriate to charge an accumulator can be assured.
  • the voltage smoothing filter is connected to, parallelly interconnected, an inverter with a transformer and an accumulator, then at the same time the accumulator can be charged and the system can be supplied with an alternating current at a constant voltage without regard to the engine speed.
  • the power regulation and the regulation of the speed of the mobile unit engine do not depend on the instantaneous electric current demand.
  • the direct and the alternating currents at a constant voltage correspond to the accumulator capacity and are available even if the driving engine of the mobile unit does not operate.
  • the transformer with the rectifier can be connected to the voltage smoothing filter.
  • the same converting and controlling elements can be used to regulate the current from the generator as well as from the external alternating current connection.
  • the complete cable network of the mobile unit remains the same for the supply from its own source or from an external alternating current source.
  • the generator rotor can be placed in the extension of the engine shaft so that it takes up very little space.
  • the flywheel can also be placed outside the crankcase.
  • the internal combustion engine with the starter can be controlled through a monitor of the accumulator voltage, then the internal combustion engine can be automatically switched off when the required accumulator voltage is reached, and the internal combustion engine can be restarted automatically, when the accumulator voltage drops below an allowed minimal voltage.
  • the rectifier is connected to the DC-DC converter-controller through the voltage smoothing filter, e.g. a capacitor and, when needed, also a choke, the stator winding of the generator can be protected against unwanted high-frequency disturbances of the DC-DC converter-controller and in this way a high generator power with a high efficiency can be reached. This is especially the case at a high engine speed.
  • the voltage smoothing filter e.g. a capacitor and, when needed, also a choke
  • the generator with the rotor provided with permanent magnets is a high-frequency multiphase generator, in particular a three-phase generator, a very high specific power can be achieved with a high efficiency in a wide range of the engine speed.
  • stator winding of the generator is connected to a starter controlling device and to the accumulator, then the internal combustion engine can be started by said generator.
  • the engine starting can be controlled electronically, if sensors, in particular Hall sensors, to acquire the actual angular position of the rotor are attached to the generator stator.
  • the inverter is provided with an input for the alternating current from an additional alternating current source through the transformer and additionally with a controlled rectifier or a rectifying function, connected to the accumulator, then the alternating and direct current can be also supplied from this external source.
  • the inverter can be activated and deactivated, the alternating and the direct current can be supplied in a mutually independent manner from the additional alternating current source, the accumulator or the generator.
  • the inverter and the first rectifier with the transformer, the alternating current input, the second rectifier, the voltage smoothing filter, the DC-DC converter-controller, the direct and alternating current output and, if necessary, the starter controlling device are placed in a common housing, the device can be very easily manipulated and very little space is needed as well.
  • the generator has a housing provided with tubes for a coolant, the generator can produce a very high power even in a closed room in the whole range of the engine speed whereat the coolant carries away all heat produced by generator losses.
  • the generator housing is attached to the crankcase of the driving engine and to the gearbox, the device is constructed in a space saving manner.
  • the internal combustion engine can be controlled by a remote control, the internal combustion engine can be started or stopped by means of a radio communication or a cable.
  • the remote control starts or stops the internal combustion engine through a device controlling the voltage of the accumulator, then a circuit is provided, which controls the internal combustion engine according to the energy demand, whereby an environment-friendly design is achieved reducing the gaseous waste amount and the noise emission.
  • a sensor detecting a neutral gear position is provided in the gearbox, by means of which sensor the starting of the internal combustion engine can be controlled, a restarting of the operation of the internal combustion engine can be prevented by simple means.
  • Fig. 1 a device of the invention for generating direct and alternating electric current
  • Fig. 2 an internal combustion engine with a generator, a gear, a redundant electric system, with two systems of accumulator charging devices galvanically separated from each other as well as with a device provided for starting the engine by a maintenance- free generator installed in a flywheel housing,
  • Fig. 3 an internal combustion engine with a generator and a gear for a mobile unit, an integrated rectifier, a voltage smoothing filter, a DC-DC converter- controller, a starter controlling device, an inverter with a transformer and a redundant electric system,
  • Fig. 4 an electric wiring for the generator, rotor position sensors, rectifiers, voltage smoothing filters and the DC-DC converter-controllers, and
  • Fig. 5 an electric wiring for the generator, the rectifier, the voltage smoothing filter, the DC-DC converter-controller, the accumulator charging device with an alternating current connection and a common control of the charging of accumulators by the maintenance-free generator or by an external alternating current connection.
  • a device of the invention for generating direct and alternating electric current is schematically represented in Fig. 1. It is provided to supply users, which are not required to drive a mobile unit.
  • a driving engine 1 with a crankcase Ia drives an electric generator 4 by means of a shaft 8a and further by means of a mechanical connection 8, also the mobile unit, e.g. a yacht or other mobile units as mobile homes, motor ships, freezer tracks and also working machines like excavators, tractors, agricultural machines etc. Additional engines provided to drive the generator become unnecessary because of the solution of the invention and/or a hydraulic motor is substituted by an electric motor.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is provided with a starter 2 engaging a toothed flywheel 3 by means of a pinion.
  • the flywheel 3 is attached to the shaft 8a of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • a generator rotor 6 is screwed together with the shaft 8a and aligned with the shaft of the driving engine (not represented in the Figures).
  • the engine torque is transferred to the mobile unit drive by means of the driving shaft 8, which is also aligned with a shaft of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • a gearbox 7a is aligned with the housing 4a of the flywheel and the engine crankcase Ia.
  • the generator rotor is provided with permanent magnets, e.g. rare-earth magnets of the type NdFeB.
  • a stator 5 with an appropriate winding is built in the flywheel housing.
  • the generator consisting of the rotor 6 and the stator 5 is designed for the frequency of about 400 Hz at the nominal speed of the engine driving the mobile unit.
  • the generator is an unregulated alternating current generator, preferably a three-phase generator, from which the generated current is conducted to a DC-DC converter-controller 9 through a connecting cable 17, a rectifier 10 and a voltage smoothing filter 18.
  • the output of the direct current regulated to the constant voltage of e.g. 14 V, 28 V or 42 V is connected, to parallelly interconnected, an inverter 22 and accumulators 11, 12, 13.
  • the accumulators are parallelly interconnected with the accumulators 11 and 12 being disconnectable and connectable by a switch 21.
  • the direct current from the DC-DC converter-controller flows parallelly to the accumulator and the inverter 22 where the direct current at the constant voltage is converted to an alternating current at a constant frequency of typically 50 Hz or 60 Hz, not depending on the engine speed.
  • the system makes possible the current output at two constant voltages, namely the output 15 for the alternating current at e.g. 110 V or 220 V and 50 Hz or 60 Hz, and the output 16 of the direct current at the voltage of e.g. 14 V, 28 V or 42 V.
  • the constant direct voltage is regulated according to the accumulator charging characteristic. A need for an additional internal combustion engine in mobile units to drive the generator to supply users, which are not required to drive the mobile unit, is thus avoided by the proposed solution.
  • the device represented in Fig. 2 largely corresponds to the device of Fig. 1.
  • the rectifier 10, the voltage smoothing filter 18 and the DC-DC converter-controller 9 are double and galvanically separated in order to charge the separate accumulators 11 and 13 independently from each other.
  • the additional accumulator 12 also can be connected through the switch 21 and both systems can be connected parallelly to each other through the switch 21.
  • a control 20 over the starting of the engine is additionally provided by means of a switch 23, whereby the direct current from the accumulator 11 is converted, in accordance with the engine shaft rotation, into the alternating current and is supplied to the windings of the generator 4.
  • the maintenance-free generator also functions as an engine starter.
  • the control of the voltage and the current through the windings is performed by means of Hall sensors 28 mounted in the generator housing 4a and shown in Fig. 4.
  • Tubes 27 for a coolant are provided in the generator housing 4a as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the complete control 25 is mounted in the housing 25a together with the rectifier 10, the voltage smoothing filter 18 and the DC-DC converter-controller 9, the inverter 22 and the control 20 over the starting of the engine.
  • the complete device is managed and controlled by means of a remote control 26.
  • the driving engine can be started automatically by means of the remote control when the mobile unit engine is not operating and when the accumulator voltage has become too low.
  • a part of the system for the automatic starting finds out by means of a sensor 30 whether the mobile unit gear 7 is in neutral position. Only when the mobile unit gear 7 is in neutral position, the automatic starting function can start the engine.
  • the generator in Fig 4 is a three-phase generator and is provided with sensors 28, e.g. Hall sensors for acquiring the rotor position.
  • sensors 28, e.g. Hall sensors for acquiring the rotor position.
  • the part of the system for automatic starting finds out the rotor position by means of the sensors and the position information is used to start the engine by means of alternating current of synchronous frequency fed to the three-phase generator windings.
  • the generated current coming out from the three-phase generator windings through cables 31, 32, 33 is conducted to diodes 34 arranged in the rectifier 10.
  • the current is first conducted through the voltage smoothing filter 18, in this case made of capacitors having the capacitance of at least 1.000 pF, to the DC-DC converter-controller 9.
  • Controlled transistors 35 are arranged in the DC- DC converter-controller 9 and they convert the direct current at a high voltage from the rectifier 10 and the voltage smoothing filter 18 into a pulsed direct current.
  • the voltage smoothing filter 18 prevents that the pulsed direct current from the DC-DC converter- controller 9 would increase the losses in the generator stator 5.
  • the choke 29 and the capacitor 36 together smooth the pulsed direct current. In this way a direct current at a constant voltage is generated so that at the output a characteristic is obtained, which complies with the accumulator charging.
  • An external connection 19 of the alternating current is connected to a primary winding of the transformer 38 (Fig. 5).
  • the reduced voltage of the alternating current is conducted from the transformer secondary winding to a rectifier 37.
  • the direct current at a low voltage, e.g. 60 V, is herefrom conducted to the voltage smoothing filter 18.
  • the current is conducted through the DC-DC converter-controller 9 to a device 40 provided for measuring the charging current and then to the accumulators 11, 12, 13.
  • the intensity of the charging current is determined by means of a regulation controller 41 in accordance with the intensity of the electric current as measured by the device 40 provided for measuring the charging current, with areference voltage 39 and the accumulator temperature 42 through a connection 43 and the controlled semiconductors 35 in such a way that it complies with the accumulator charging characteristic.
  • Direct current sources at a voltage e.g. above 20 V can be additionally directly connected to the rectifier 37 without the external alternating current connection 19 and also without the transformer 38. Additionally, the same semiconductors are used for various current sources to regulate the direct current voltage at the output. No additional switching between various energy sources is necessary at any operation type.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif servant à produire un courant continu et un courant alternatif pour des unités mobiles, en particulier des maisons mobiles, des grues de bord, des yachts, des camions frigorifiques, des machines agricoles. Dans ces unités mobiles, lesdits courants électriques, qui présentent une tension constante à des vitesses variables d'un moteur d'entraînement (1) mais aussi lorsque ce moteur (1) est à l'arrêt, sont fournis pour une telle utilisation d'un appareil électrique qui ne commande pas nécessairement l'unité mobile. Un générateur de courant alternatif non régulé (4, 5, 6), associé à un volant cinétique (3) du moteur d'entraînement (1) qui est un moteur à combustion interne, de préférence un moteur à pistons destiné à commander l'unité mobile, est installé dans un carter de volant (4a) entre le moteur d'entraînement (1) et un appareillage (7). Le générateur (4, 5, 6) produit un courant électrique de fréquence élevée, de préférence supérieure à 400 Hz à la vitesse nominale du moteur et à ladite tension variant notamment de 14 V à 360 V. Un rotor de générateur (6) est équipé d'aimants permanents, en particulier des aimants aux terres rares. La sortie du générateur est raccordée, à travers un redresseur (10) et un filtre (18) fournis pour stabiliser la tension, à un convertisseur-régulateur CC-CC (9) fournissant une tension directe constante à sa sortie. Le convertisseur-régulateur CC-CC (9) est raccordé à des accumulateurs (11, 12, 13) interconnectés en parallèle et à un inverseur (22) muni d'un transformateur (38) fournissant une tension alternative constante à sa sortie. Le dispositif de l'invention se distingue en ce que les courants électriques générés présentent une tension constante, indépendamment de la vitesse variable du moteur d'entraînement (1) et même lorsque le moteur d'entraînement (1) est à l'arrêt.
PCT/SI2005/000027 2004-09-10 2005-09-12 Dispositif servant a produire un courant continu et un courant alternatif pour unites mobiles WO2006028422A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SIP-200400251 2004-09-10
SI200400251A SI21586A (sl) 2004-09-10 2004-09-10 Naprava za proizvajanje enosmernega in izmeničnega toka

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WO2006028422A1 true WO2006028422A1 (fr) 2006-03-16

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PCT/SI2005/000027 WO2006028422A1 (fr) 2004-09-10 2005-09-12 Dispositif servant a produire un courant continu et un courant alternatif pour unites mobiles

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011031267A3 (fr) * 2009-09-11 2011-10-27 Tmeic Corporation. Système de grue économe en carburant

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001197788A (ja) * 1999-11-05 2001-07-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 自動車用空調装置
US20030015875A1 (en) * 2001-07-19 2003-01-23 Mitsuo Fukaya Inverter type generator
US6624533B1 (en) * 1999-08-04 2003-09-23 Westerbeke Corporation Controlling generator power
US20040041404A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-04 Mcconnell Robert W. Systems and methods for managing a battery source associated with a microturbine power generating system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6624533B1 (en) * 1999-08-04 2003-09-23 Westerbeke Corporation Controlling generator power
JP2001197788A (ja) * 1999-11-05 2001-07-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 自動車用空調装置
US20030015875A1 (en) * 2001-07-19 2003-01-23 Mitsuo Fukaya Inverter type generator
US20040041404A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-04 Mcconnell Robert W. Systems and methods for managing a battery source associated with a microturbine power generating system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 24 11 May 2001 (2001-05-11) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011031267A3 (fr) * 2009-09-11 2011-10-27 Tmeic Corporation. Système de grue économe en carburant
CN102484442A (zh) * 2009-09-11 2012-05-30 东芝三菱电机工业系统有限公司 燃油高效起重机系统
JP2013504994A (ja) * 2009-09-11 2013-02-07 ティーエムイーアイシー コーポレーション 高燃料効率クレーンシステム
US8718881B2 (en) 2009-09-11 2014-05-06 Tmeic Corporation Fuel efficient crane system
CN102484442B (zh) * 2009-09-11 2016-02-24 东芝三菱电机工业系统有限公司 燃油高效起重机系统

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