WO2006028123A1 - 高分子結晶の製造方法及び高分子結晶育成装置 - Google Patents
高分子結晶の製造方法及び高分子結晶育成装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006028123A1 WO2006028123A1 PCT/JP2005/016405 JP2005016405W WO2006028123A1 WO 2006028123 A1 WO2006028123 A1 WO 2006028123A1 JP 2005016405 W JP2005016405 W JP 2005016405W WO 2006028123 A1 WO2006028123 A1 WO 2006028123A1
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- Prior art keywords
- crystal
- polymer crystal
- growth
- polymer
- pulse laser
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/54—Organic compounds
- C30B29/58—Macromolecular compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polymer crystal and a polymer crystal growing apparatus used therefor, and more specifically, by processing an unnecessary portion in a polymer crystal growing process,
- the present invention relates to a large-sized high-quality polymer crystal, a method for producing a polymer crystal in which a substance other than the polymer crystal is inserted into the crystal, and a polymer crystal growing apparatus used therefor.
- proteome has become popular.
- research that seeks to unravel the three-dimensional structure of proteins, which is called structural genomics.
- Protein structure and function analysis is an important research field in life science, and it is indispensable to elaborate on detailed three-dimensional structures in order to be directly linked to disease treatment and drug discovery.
- One of the main means is X-ray crystal structure analysis. In order to apply X-ray crystal structure analysis, it is necessary to crystallize the polymer substance to be analyzed.
- polymer crystals are often much softer and more brittle than crystals of, for example, inorganic substances and organic low-molecular substances. Therefore, if a large impact is applied during processing, cracks and cracks may occur in the periphery. Cause damage. In addition, it is known that it is sensitive to temperature changes and easily denatures by applying heat.
- a conventionally used processing technique for polymer crystals is a processing technique that requires mechanical contact with the crystal using a knife or a needle. This method is artificially observed under observation with a microscope or the like, and is mainly used for cutting polymer crystals.
- the polymer crystal has a cutting surface that is sheared by the shearing force that is applied to the polymer crystal.
- the polymer crystal processing method currently used has many elements left to luck, and is a processing method with low success probability and low reproducibility, even for those who have craftsmanship.
- this method is capable of performing relatively simple processing such as crystal cutting, and it is very difficult to adapt when complicated and precise processing is required.
- the present inventors have performed an invention whose main point is to perform processing such as removing unnecessary portions of the polymer crystal by irradiation with ultraviolet short pulse laser light.
- the present invention has been filed as Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2003-32090, 2004-19516, and 2004-137991 (referred to as “prior invention”).
- a probe or the like that requires physical contact with the crystal may be inserted into the crystal.
- a polymer crystal is brittle and soft. Techniques have made it difficult to insert such probes into the crystal.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and solves the problems of the prior application invention, a method for producing a high-quality and large polymer crystal, and a substance other than the polymer in the crystal. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a polymer crystal inserted in a polymer crystal and a polymer crystal growth apparatus used therefor.
- the first means for solving the above problem is that in the process of producing the polymer crystal, during the growth of the polymer crystal or once the growth of the polymer crystal is stopped, the polymer crystal Among these, an unnecessary portion is processed by irradiation with ultraviolet short pulse laser light, and thereafter grown, (claim 1).
- laser light is widely used as a processing tool.
- the processing with carbon dioxide laser (wavelength 10.6 ⁇ m) and YAG laser (wavelength 1.06 ⁇ m), which are widely used is thermal processing, and the temperature of the material to be processed increases when irradiated with laser light. .
- the laser light applied to the material to be processed is pulsed light that is not continuous light. This is because laser processing using continuous light generates far greater heat than processing using pulsed light. Therefore, for polymer crystals that must avoid thermal denaturation, these laser processing using infrared light or visible light laser, and laser processing using continuous light are not suitable.
- ultraviolet short pulse laser light can be processed to directly cut the chemical bonds of polymer crystals with high photon energy due to its short wavelength. This processing can achieve high-precision and smooth processing that is far less affected by heat than processing using a normal carbon dioxide laser or YAG laser.
- Nerghi is about 70 kcal / mol and the CC bond has a bond energy of about 84 kJ / mol.
- an ultraviolet short pulse laser beam with a wavelength of 300 nm corresponds to a photon energy of about 95 kcal / mol.
- the bond can be broken.
- the processed crystal can be grown by controlling the external environment such as temperature change, solvent evaporation, pressure change, concentration change, pH change, impurity change and the like.
- a second means for solving the above problem is the first means, wherein the unnecessary portion is processed by removing an unnecessary portion using laser ablation with an ultraviolet short pulse laser beam. (Claim 2).
- a third means for solving the above problem is the second means, wherein after removing the unnecessary part, a substance other than the polymer crystal is applied to at least a part of the removed part. It is characterized by being inserted (claim 3).
- a polymer crystal is brittle and soft, when a substance is inserted into the crystal, breakage such as cleavage occurs due to stress generated when the substance comes into physical contact with the crystal.
- stress applied to the crystal at the time of insertion can be prevented by removing unnecessary portions by irradiation with an ultraviolet short pulse laser and inserting a substance into the removed region.
- the crystal can continue to grow until it comes into contact with the inserted material, so inserts that require physical contact with the crystal are inserted into the polymer crystal with low damage. It becomes possible.
- a fourth means for solving the above problem is any one of the first means to the third means, and the processing of the unnecessary portion is performed on the surface of the polymer crystal by ultraviolet short. It is performed by performing an operation for efficiently reaching the pulsed laser beam and then irradiating the surface of the polymer crystal with an ultraviolet short pulse laser beam (claims).
- the growth solution is removed to expose the surface of the polymer crystal, or the growth solution is efficiently transmitted with ultraviolet rays.
- the polymer crystal is moved to expose the crystal surface, and ultraviolet short pulse laser light is propagated using a light guide such as an optical fiber, and its tip is placed near the polymer crystal surface.
- a light guide such as an optical fiber
- the fifth means for solving the above-mentioned problems is any one of the first to fourth means, wherein the polymer crystal comprises rosin, protein, saccharide, lipid and Out of nucleic acids , Characterized in that it is at least one crystal (Claim 5).
- a sixth means for solving the above problem is any one of the first to fifth means, wherein the wavelength of the ultraviolet short pulse laser beam is 400 nm or less. This is a feature (claim 6).
- the wavelength of the irradiated ultraviolet short pulse laser light is 400 nm or less. Preferably there is. Further, considering that the C—C bond is surely broken, the wavelength is preferably 340 ⁇ m or less. In terms of energy, it is not necessary to specifically limit the lower limit of the wavelength of the ultraviolet short pulse laser beam. In addition, currently available optical elements do not transmit light having a wavelength of less than 150 nm, so it is preferable to use ultraviolet short pulse laser light having a wavelength of 150 nm or more.
- a seventh means for solving the above problem is any one of the first means to the sixth means, wherein an energy density per pulse of the ultraviolet short pulse laser beam is lmj / cm 2 or more (Claim 7).
- the cache characteristics are greatly influenced by the energy density (fluence) per pulse of ultraviolet short pulse laser light to be irradiated.
- the processing amount (force rate) per pulse of ultraviolet short pulse laser light does not show linearity with respect to fluence. If the fluence is too small, even if the chemical bond is broken, the subsequent transpiration becomes insufficient and the processing cannot be performed. In other words, a fluence above a certain threshold is required to cause machining. For fluences above the threshold, the processing rate increases as the fluence increases.
- the fluence of the ultraviolet short pulse laser beam to be irradiated must be adjusted appropriately.
- the preferred fluence depends on the absorption coefficient of the work material with respect to the irradiation light.
- the absorption coefficient of the polymer varies greatly depending on the wavelength in the ultraviolet region, the preferred fluence varies depending on the wavelength of the irradiation light. In the wavelength range below 400 nm, a fluence of lmj / cm 2 or more can be used.
- An eighth means for solving the above problems includes a growth container in which a growth solution is introduced to grow a polymer crystal, a stage on which the growth container is placed and movable in a three-dimensional direction, A solution injection and suction device for injecting or aspirating the growth solution into the growth vessel, and irradiation with ultraviolet short pulse laser light for processing polymer crystals in the growth vessel
- a polymer crystal growth apparatus comprising: an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus that performs the observation; an observation apparatus that observes the polymer crystal in the growth container; and a constant temperature and humidity apparatus that maintains a constant temperature and humidity of the growth container. (Claim 8).
- a high molecular crystal can be grown by putting a growth solution in a growth container and maintaining the temperature at a predetermined temperature. Then, the growing polymer crystal is observed with an observation device, and if an unnecessary portion is generated, the growth solution is sucked with a solution injection and suction device as necessary to expose the polymer crystal to the growing solution force.
- the polymer crystal is processed by the ultraviolet short pulse laser light emitted from the ultraviolet irradiation device to process unnecessary portions, and then the growth solution is injected into the growth container by the solution injection and suction device, and the polymer crystal is injected. You can continue to train.
- the stage When observing and processing a sample, the stage can be moved in a three-dimensional direction to observe the polymer crystal in the field of view, and ultraviolet short pulse laser light can be applied to any part of the polymer crystal. Can be irradiated.
- ultraviolet short pulse laser light can be applied to any part of the polymer crystal. Can be irradiated.
- a method for producing a large, high-quality polymer crystal a method for producing a polymer crystal in which a substance other than the polymer crystal is inserted into the crystal, and a polymer crystal growing apparatus. Can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a polymer crystal growth apparatus as an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of an ultraviolet short pulse laser processing apparatus used in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph showing chicken egg white lysozyme crystals before ultraviolet irradiation, immediately after ultraviolet irradiation, and after regrowth.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a polymer crystal growth apparatus as an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- an x-y-z stage 2 is provided, on which a growth vessel 3 can be placed.
- the growth vessel 3 can be moved in the X direction (left and right direction on the paper), y direction (front side, depth direction), and z direction (up and down direction on the paper surface). , Rotation around the z axis is possible.
- an injection / suction device 4 is provided so that the growth solution 5 can be injected into the growth container 3 or the growth solution 5 can be sucked from the growth container 3. .
- the polymer single crystal 6 is grown in the growth vessel 3.
- the growing polymer single crystal 6 is observed through the beam splitter 8 by the observation device 7. Then, when the occurrence of unnecessary parts is observed, the injection and suction device 4 sucks the medium growth solution 5 of the growth vessel 3 to expose the polymer crystal 6 from the surface of the growth solution 5, and generates an ultraviolet short pulse laser.
- the apparatus 9 irradiates the ultraviolet short pulse laser beam, and the light is condensed on the polymer crystal 6 by the condenser lens 10, and an unnecessary portion of the polymer crystal 6 is processed.
- Ultraviolet short pulse laser The one light is reflected by the beam splitter 8 and focused on the polymer crystal 6.
- the growth solution 5 is injected from the injection suction device 4 into the growth vessel 3, and the polymer crystal 6 is again immersed in the growth solution 5. Start training.
- the stage 2 is driven to perform processing such as removal of the target portion.
- the portion irradiated with ultraviolet rays may not be visible.
- the optical axis of the observation device 7 is aligned with the portion where the ultraviolet rays are collected so that a virtual image of the mark can be formed at that position.
- the position where the ultraviolet rays are collected and the position where the observation device 7 is in focus are matched, and the stage 2 is driven so that the processed part is in focus during the ultraviolet irradiation.
- the ultraviolet rays can be condensed at the target position.
- the reason why the growth container 3 is placed in the constant temperature & humidity chamber 1 is to minimize the influence of changes in temperature and humidity on the growth conditions of the polymer crystal. For example, a change in temperature is not preferable because the supersaturation degree of the solution changes. Also, since the inside of the growth container is covered with the cover 11, it is saturated, and if the outside of the container is dry, the evaporation amount of the growth solution 5 increases when the force bar 11 is removed during the processing operation. Absent.
- the stage 2 is driven when the polymer crystal 6 is observed or processed.
- the stage 2 is grown by temporarily or intermittently moving during the growth of the polymer crystal 6.
- Solution 5 can be agitated to suppress unnecessary nucleation and to improve the quality of crystals.
- Ultraviolet light is irradiated into the constant temperature and humidity chamber 1 through the window 12, and the window 12 is made of a material such as quartz or fluorite that has a high transmittance with respect to the ultraviolet light.
- ultraviolet rays are incident (vertical) irradiation, but oblique irradiation may be used, and an optical fiber may be used as a propagation path.
- the injection / suction device 4 has a function of injecting the growth solution 5 into the growth container 3 and suctioning it from the growth container 3 as described above. Debris (scattered matter generated by laser abrasion) generated during processing of crystal 6 is removed by suction, Operations such as taking out and removing crystals that are no longer needed, operations such as transferring the processed polymer single crystal 6 to another growth vessel, and operations such as adding or replacing a solution can also be performed.
- the injection / suction device 4 has a position control mechanism (not shown), and can be positioned so that the tip thereof enters the growth container 3 and further the growth solution 5 as necessary.
- the cover 11 may be one that manually closes the upper portion of the growth vessel 3, but may also have an automatic opening and closing mechanism. Further, even when the tip of the injection / suction device 4 is inserted into the growth vessel 3, it is connected to the tip of the injection / suction arch I device 4 by means of, for example, a bellows mechanism so as to maintain hermeticity. Have you been?
- the illuminating device of the observation device 7 is omitted, but a device as shown in FIG. 2 shown later can be used.
- a protein single crystal was irradiated with an ultraviolet short pulse laser beam using an apparatus as shown in Fig. 2, thereby A portion of the abrasion was removed.
- the laser-processed crystal was regrown and the X-ray diffraction pattern was measured on the grown crystal.
- a cross-shaped mark is formed at the optical axis position of the optical microscope so that the optical axis position is visible.
- the focus position of the optical microscope (the in-focus position, that is, the object surface that is in focus when viewed) is fixed.
- the ultraviolet short pulse laser beam condensed by the condensing optical system 22 is collected at the optical axis position of the optical microscope and at the focal position of the optical microscope. Therefore, when the object is placed on the stage 23 and the image is observed with an optical microscope, it is in focus and at the center of the cross mark.
- the ultraviolet short pulse laser beam from the ultraviolet short pulse laser system 21 is condensed.
- the relative positional relationship of the ultraviolet short pulse laser system 21, the condensing optical system 22, and the optical microscope section is fixed, and only the stage 23 is movable relative to these fixed systems.
- the processing is performed !, and the processing is performed while moving the stage 23 so that the location is the optical axis position of the optical microscope and the in-focus position.
- Shape processing can be performed.
- FIG. 3 (a) shows a crystal photograph before irradiation with ultraviolet short pulse laser light.
- a solid ultraviolet short pulse laser light source having a wavelength of 193 nm was used as the ultraviolet short pulse laser system 21.
- the configuration of the light source is as follows. Directly modulate the vertical and horizontal single mode laser diodes to generate pulsed light with a wavelength of 1547 nm and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. This pulse light is amplified approximately 2 million times by a total of three stages of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers connected in series. Next, the output light with fiber amplifier power is converted to the 8th harmonic by a five-step wavelength conversion process using a nonlinear optical crystal, and light with a wavelength of 193 nm is generated.
- the ultraviolet short pulse laser light emitted from the ultraviolet short pulse laser system 21 is passed through a shirt and then condensed by a synthetic quartz lens having a focal length of 100 mm, which is a condensing optical system 22.
- a synthetic quartz lens having a focal length of 100 mm, which is a condensing optical system 22.
- irradiation was performed in the Z-axis direction from the upper surface of the sample container 25 containing the egg white lysozyme crystal (polymer crystal) 24 placed on the stage 23.
- the irradiation position on the crystal was finely adjusted while observing with an optical microscope.
- the pulse energy of the irradiated light on the crystal was 0.25 ⁇ J
- the spot diameter was 25 ⁇ m
- the fluence was 50 mJ / cm 2
- the average intensity was 0.25 mW
- the pulse duration was Ins.
- X-ray diffraction patterns were measured at room temperature for egg white lysozyme crystals regrown after laser processing and egg white lysozyme crystals grown under the same conditions.
- Rigaku Denki ultraX18 (voltage 50kV, current 100mA) was used as the X-ray generator, and RAXI S IV ++ was used as the detector.
- the distance between the crystal and the detector was 150 mm, the detection angle was 2 °, and the measurement time was 30 minutes / 2 °.
- the portion where the abrasion is removed is a normal crystal part. From this example, when there is a defective part such as a damage, the defective part is removed by processing including the normal part. It can be seen that large crystals with few defective parts can be grown by regrowth.
- the present invention can be preferably applied to the production of polymer crystals.
- biopolymer crystals such as protein crystals and other organic polymer crystals can be produced, and the use thereof is not limited.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-261541 | 2004-09-08 | ||
| JP2004261541A JP2006076820A (ja) | 2004-09-08 | 2004-09-08 | 高分子結晶の製造方法及び高分子結晶育成装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006028123A1 true WO2006028123A1 (ja) | 2006-03-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/016405 Ceased WO2006028123A1 (ja) | 2004-09-08 | 2005-09-07 | 高分子結晶の製造方法及び高分子結晶育成装置 |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP2006076820A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006028123A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4878228B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-28 | 2012-02-15 | 大日本スクリーン製造株式会社 | テープ剥離装置、塗布システムおよびテープ剥離方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003306497A (ja) * | 2002-02-12 | 2003-10-28 | Tetsuo Okutsu | 巨大分子結晶の製造方法及びそれに用いる製造装置 |
| WO2005026238A1 (ja) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-24 | Nikon Corporation | 高分子結晶の加工方法、高分子結晶の加工装置、及び高分子結晶の観察装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-09-08 JP JP2004261541A patent/JP2006076820A/ja active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-09-07 WO PCT/JP2005/016405 patent/WO2006028123A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003306497A (ja) * | 2002-02-12 | 2003-10-28 | Tetsuo Okutsu | 巨大分子結晶の製造方法及びそれに用いる製造装置 |
| WO2005026238A1 (ja) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-24 | Nikon Corporation | 高分子結晶の加工方法、高分子結晶の加工装置、及び高分子結晶の観察装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| KITANO H ET AL: "New Approach to Improve X-Ray Diffraction Pattern of Protein Crystal Using UV-Laser Ablative Processing.", JPN J APPL PHYS., vol. 43, no. 2B, 2004, pages L297 - L299, XP002993736 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2006076820A (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
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