WO2006025450A1 - 心房細動モデル動物の作製方法、心房細動を誘発させる方法及び心房細動抑制剤の評価方法 - Google Patents
心房細動モデル動物の作製方法、心房細動を誘発させる方法及び心房細動抑制剤の評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- atrial fibrillation
- inducing
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/346—Analysis of electrocardiograms
- A61B5/349—Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle
- A61B5/361—Detecting fibrillation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/035—Animal model for multifactorial diseases
- A01K2267/0375—Animal model for cardiovascular diseases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an atrial fibrillation model animal having an onset mechanism similar to that of a human, a method for inducing atrial fibrillation, and an evaluation of an atrial fibrillation inhibitor using an animal in which atrial fibrillation is induced. It relates to the test method.
- Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is caused by a temporary dysfunction in a cardiac pacemaker called a sinus node, normal atrial excitement does not start, and atrial muscles are positive 300-500 times per minute It is one of the arrhythmias that irregularly trembles irregularly at a speed five times faster than usual, resulting in contraction and expansion as an atrial auxiliary pump. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation can occur regardless of gender or age, and occurs in about 5 out of every 1000 people.
- Atrial fibrillation models include, for example, the acotin model Am. Heart. J. 58: 59-70 (1959). Moe et al. It causes atrial fibrillation of origin but is not directly related to clinical paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Aseptic pericarditis model J. Am Coll Cardiol, 8, 872-879 (1986), Page et al. Kumagai et al.
- Atrial fibrillation is induced in this model by facilitating the induction of atrial arrhythmia by aseptically spraying talc powder on the muscle surface and causing pericarditis.
- the force used to investigate the mechanism of atrial fibrillation is atrial fibrillation caused by pericarditis, so the method reflects the limited clinical atrial fibrillation that occurs after cardiac surgery. Not too much.
- each model is different from the clinical mechanism of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and is not appropriate as a model system for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 describe a method for producing a model animal applied for the screening.
- the invention described in Patent Document 1 is a method for producing a heart failure model animal, in which animals such as Inu rat start coronary artery stenosis and arterial stenosis other than coronary artery and abdominal aorta at the same time. Is.
- the invention described in Patent Document 2 is a method for producing a model animal that induces a ventricular arrhythmia that can cause sudden cardiac death, and produces an AV block and myocardial infarction in the heart of Inu. It is.
- any model animal is not necessarily a suitable model for inducing atrial fibrillation.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2002-291373 A
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2002-543812
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to produce a paroxysmal atrial fibrillation model animal having a similar onset mechanism to that of humans, and to induce atrial fibrillation in this model animal with a high probability. This makes it possible to easily evaluate the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic agents for atrial fibrillation.
- the method for producing an atrial fibrillation model animal inserts an electrode catheter into the heart of the dog, destroys the atrioventricular node with the electrode catheter, It is characterized by enlarging the heart by blocking. Since the enlarged heart of Inu is similar in size to that of humans, it can be used as an atrial fibrillation model. The value is large.
- the method for inducing atrial fibrillation includes inserting an electrode catheter into the heart of an atrial fibrillation model animal whose atrioventricle is blocked, and electrically stimulating the sinus node or the atrial septum. It is characterized by.
- the sinus node functions as a pacemaker for the heart, and the atrial septum is a wall that separates the left and right atriums. Therefore, the sinus node or atrial septum can be stimulated for a short time (about 10 seconds). Atrial fibrillation can be triggered with high probability and reproducibility.
- the method for inducing atrial fibrillation includes a case where the atrial fibrillation model animal is a rat other than a complete atrioventricular block dog, and the rat is allowed to sleep by administering an anesthetic, It is characterized by stimulating the heart.
- This method is very simple and can be easily obtained by rats, so it is most suitable for primary evaluation tests such as drugs for preventing atrial fibrillation.
- the anesthetic is not particularly limited, but pentobarbital is excellent in terms of availability, ease of use, and effectiveness of anesthesia. It is also desirable to intubate and use a ventilator to keep the rat in a stable sleep state. Furthermore, in the case of rats, it is difficult to insert a catheter directly into the heart, but atrial fibrillation can be induced by electrical stimulation with an electrode catheter inserted into the esophagus. As an example, atrial fibrillation is induced with high probability by electrical stimulation to the esophagus for about 30 seconds.
- the method for evaluating an atrial fibrillation inhibitor measures the duration of atrial fibrillation when an atrial fibrillation model animal is electrically stimulated to induce atrial fibrillation, and the atrial fibrillation is measured.
- An atrial fibrillation inhibitor is administered immediately after the movement is stopped, and atrial fibrillation is induced again in the same manner every predetermined time after the administration, and the duration of the atrial fibrillation is measured at that time. Compared with the duration of atrial fibrillation before administration of.
- another method for evaluating an atrial fibrillation inhibitor according to the present invention includes a frequency at which atrial fibrillation is induced when an atrial fibrillation model animal is electrically stimulated, and administration of an atrial fibrillation inhibitor. After that, the frequency of atrial fibrillation is again compared in a similar manner every predetermined time.
- Atrial fibrillation occurring in a human and Since Ruinu's atrial fibrillation model animal was produced with the same mechanism, it is excellent as an in vivo evaluation system for atrial fibrillation, and it is useful for the prevention of atrial fibrillation and the use of drugs used for treatment. It can be effectively and efficiently applied to screening.
- Atrial fibrillation can be induced with high probability and reproducibility.
- the method for inducing atrial fibrillation using rats is very simple, and since rats can be easily obtained, it is optimal for use in primary screening such as the atrial fibrillation preventive drug.
- a preventive agent for atrial fibrillation that has been used in clinical practice for many years, as well as an evaluation experiment for a newly developed pharmaceutical. And can be applied to re-evaluation experiments on drugs such as pharmacological agents and therapeutic drugs such as piljkai-dyadisopyramide.
- FIG. 1 is an electrocardiogram when a complete atrioventricular block dog has paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
- FIG. 2 is an electrocardiogram when electrical stimulation is given to a complete atrioventricular block dog.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of a drug evaluation test based on the duration of atrial fibrillation using a complete atrioventricular block dog.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a drug evaluation test based on the duration of atrial fibrillation using rats.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of a drug evaluation test based on the induction rate of atrial fibrillation using a complete atrioventricular block dog.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in heart rate with respect to elapsed time when a drug is given to rats in Example 3.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing changes in blood pressure with respect to elapsed time when a drug is given to rats in Example 3.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing changes in electrocardiogram indices (QT, PR, QRS) with respect to elapsed time when a drug is given to rats in Example 3.
- the atrial fibrillation model dog in the present invention is prepared as a chronic atrioventricular block dog. This is because the atrioventricle is completely blocked to enlarge the heart and promote the induction of atrial fibrillation.
- An example for preparing a complete atrioventricular block dog is described below.
- a beagle dog weighing 10 kg is anesthetized with pentobarbital halothane, etc., and further intubated to stabilize respiration and a certain amount of respirator power (eg 20 mlZkg) is supplied.
- a certain amount of respirator power eg 20 mlZkg
- an electrode catheter having an electrode attached to the distal end portion is inserted into the atrioventricular nodal region by virtue of the femoral vein force, and the distal electrode is fixed at a predetermined position.
- a high frequency 500 kHz 20 W
- the atrioventricular nodule is burned and destroyed to produce a complete atrioventricular block dog.
- the right ventricle and the left ventricle subsequently perform blood pumping functions by the rhythm of the His bundle. It will be. As a result, the pumping function for pumping blood and heart power is reduced, and the heart rate is greatly reduced, placing a burden on the heart. As a result, the entire heart becomes enlarged. And after 4 to 6 weeks, the size of the heart will grow to about twice. Thus, if the function of the sinus node is impaired and the heart becomes enlarged, atrial fibrillation tends to occur, and thrombus tends to occur due to the disordered excitement swirl that occurs in the atrium.
- Figure 1 shows an enlarged part of the electrocardiogram at 6 weeks after the operation of the complete atrioventricular block dog described above, indicating that it causes sudden atrial fibrillation. That is, a normal beat at around 7:47 am caused atrial fibrillation at around 8:47 am, and after about 9 hours atrial fibrillation continued until 9:45 am, It shows that it returned to normal pulsation around 46am.
- a complete atrioventricular block dog is a model animal that causes sudden atrial fibrillation and has a susceptibility characteristic.
- the present invention utilizes the property that the enlarged heart of a complete atrioventricular block dog tends to induce atrial fibrillation as described above, and induces this atrial fibrillation with reproducibility to prevent anti-inactivity. It was found that it can be applied to the evaluation of arrhythmic drugs.
- a sinus node or an atrial septum is electrically stimulated in a complete atrioventricular block dog in order to induce atrial fibrillation with high probability and reproducibility.
- the sinus node is a pacemaker
- the atrial septum is a wall of about 1 to 2 mm that separates the left and right atria. By stimulating, atrial fibrillation is triggered with a high probability.
- Figure 2 shows an electrocardiogram when electrical stimulation is applied to the atria, particularly the sinus node.
- Atrial fibrillation can be artificially induced for about 2 to 5 seconds by applying electrical stimulation through the electrode catheter at 60 V and 60 ms intervals for 10 seconds. The probability of atrial fibrillation when applying electrical stimulation was about 80% for the complete atrioventricular block dog.
- the sinus node or the atrial septum for example, as in the case of producing the complete atrioventricular block dog, anesthetized with pentobarbital halothane or the like, and further to stabilize the respiration Intubate to supply ventilator power oxygen or air.
- an electrode catheter with an electrode attached to the tip is inserted into the right atrium of the femoral vein force, and the sinus node region or atrial septal region is energized to electrically connect the site. stimulate.
- atrial fibrillation can be caused with a probability of about 80%.
- the present inventors conducted an experiment to determine whether the probability of atrial fibrillation varies depending on the energization time. According to the experimental results, when electronic stimulation was applied for 60 seconds at 60 ms intervals for only 1 second or 3 seconds, atrial fibrillation could not be induced with reproducibility, but electrical stimulation was applied for 10 seconds. When applied for 30 or 60 seconds, atrial fibrillation was induced with a reproducibility of more than 80% of V and deviation.
- Atrial fibrillation can be induced by a simple means that simply applies electrical stimulation to the heart of a normal rat without involving the work of blocking the atrioventricle as described above.
- primary evaluation tests such as preventive drugs And useful.
- a rat is anesthetized with pentobarbital, neurocene, or the like, and the respiration is stabilized using a ventilator as in the case of the complete atrioventricular block dog.
- an atrial fibrillation can be induced by inserting an electrode catheter into the esophagus and electrically stimulating the rat atrium through the esophagus.
- electrical stimulation for example, atrial fibrillation can be induced with a reproducibility of about 80% by applying a voltage about 1.5 times the threshold (about 40 V) at intervals of 12 ms for about 30 seconds.
- the present inventors also experimented with rats on the probability of atrial fibrillation occurring based on the difference in energization time. According to the experimental results, it was impossible to induce atrial fibrillation with reproducibility when a voltage of about 1.5 times the threshold was applied for 12 seconds at 1 second or 3 seconds. However, when electrical stimulation is applied for 10 seconds, 30 seconds, or 60 seconds, atrial fibrillation is reproducibly induced, and in particular for 30 seconds and 60 seconds, there is an approximately 80% probability of atrial fibrillation. Motion was triggered.
- the drug evaluation test can be applied not only to clinically used preventive and therapeutic agents for atrial fibrillation, but also to newly developed pharmaceutical evaluation experiments.
- rupikai-dyadisopyramide which has been used for many years as a treatment for atrial fibrillation, can be re-evaluated.
- As an evaluation test it can be used as an evaluation model for the exacerbation effect of arrhythmia caused by drugs, as well as the inhibitory effect test by drugs.
- changes in heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, etc. when a drug is administered can also be evaluated.
- the evaluation test is performed as follows. For example, atrial fibrillation is induced by electrically stimulating the complete atrioventricular block dog or rat atrium, and the duration of atrial fibrillation at that time is measured. Drugs are administered immediately after atrial fibrillation has subsided, and atrial fibrillation is induced in the same manner after a prescribed time, for example, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes. Measure duration. By comparing the duration of atrial fibrillation before and after drug administration, the therapeutic effect of the drug can be evaluated. If the duration of atrial fibrillation after administration is shorter than before administration of the drug, it can be evaluated that the drug effect is observed.
- the atrial fibrillation is induced when the atrium of the complete atrioventricular block dog or rat is electrically stimulated without administering the drug, and after the drug is administered, By comparing the frequency with which atrial fibrillation is induced by electrical stimulation every predetermined time, the preventive effect of the drug can be evaluated. If the number of occurrences of atrial fibrillation after administration is less than before administration of the drug, it can be evaluated that the drug effect is observed.
- a complete atrioventricular block dog was prepared by blocking the atrioventricular node by applying a high frequency (500 kHz, 20 W) to the atrioventricular nodule region for 10 seconds while blocking the atrioventricular node.
- a high frequency 500 kHz, 20 W
- This drug evaluation test 1 is a model in which the complete atrioventricular block dog prepared in Example 1 is used and about 4 to 6 months have passed after the operation.
- the method of artificially inducing atrial fibrillation is the same as in the case of producing the complete atrioventricular block dog, by slowly injecting ventvalpital into the complete atrioventricular block dog (30 mgZkg), and simultaneously intubating the trachea to artificial respiration A fixed amount (20mlZkg) of oxygen or air is supplied from the vessel and ventilated.
- an electrode catheter such as a femoral vein is inserted into the heart to electrically stimulate the sinus node.
- the electrical stimulation at this time applies a voltage of 60V for about 10 seconds at 60ms intervals.
- Atrial fibrillation is induced by the electrical stimulation, the duration of atrial fibrillation at that time is measured.
- pilzicaide (lmgZkg) is placed on the thigh. The pulse was administered slowly over a period of time, and 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes after administration, electrical stimulation was applied again to induce atrial fibrillation, and the duration of atrial fibrillation at that time was measured.
- physiological saline (lmlZkg) was administered as a control in place of the above-described pildicide and the same test was performed.
- Fig. 3 shows the test results.
- the vertical axis represents the duration of atrial fibrillation
- the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time after administration of pilzide or saline.
- the duration of atrial fibrillation before pilzicaide was about 2 seconds, but about 0.2 seconds 15 minutes after administration. After that, there was a tendency to gradually return to the value before administration.
- the duration of atrial fibrillation when physiological saline is administered remains almost constant regardless of before and after the administration of pilzicide. Based on this, it can be evaluated that pilzicainide has the effect of suppressing atrial fibrillation and that the inhibitory effect appears immediately after administration.
- the duration of rat atrial fibrillation induced by electrical stimulation is measured.
- pilzicainide (lmgZkg) is slowly administered into the femoral vein over time, and after 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes, electrical stimulation is applied again to cause atrial fibrillation. The duration of atrial fibrillation was measured.
- physiological saline (lmlZkg) was administered as a control in place of the above-described pildicide and the same test was performed.
- the test results are shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis in this figure is the duration of atrial fibrillation, and the horizontal axis is pilgi
- the elapsed time after administration of a key or physiological saline is shown, respectively.
- the duration of atrial fibrillation before administration of piljcainide was about 12 seconds.
- the time was shortened to about 4 seconds and then gradually returned to the pre-dose value.
- the duration of atrial fibrillation in the case of administration of physiological saline remains almost constant regardless of before and after the administration of pilzicide. From this, the atrial fibrillation model using rats can also evaluate the efficacy of pilzicaide, similar to the complete atrioventricular block dog.
- Example 1 In this drug evaluation test, the complete atrioventricular block dog prepared in Example 1 was used.
- Example 4 The method for artificially inducing atrial fibrillation by applying electrical stimulation is the same as in Example 1.
- electrical stimulation is performed 10 times at intervals, and the number of times atrial fibrillation is induced is recorded.
- piljcainide (lmgZkg) was administered slowly into the femoral vein over a period of time, and after the administration, electrical stimulation was given 10 times again 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes later. Record the atrial fibrillation that occurred at that time.
- physiological saline (lml / kg) was administered as a control instead of the above pildicide, and the same test was conducted.
- FIG. 5 (a) and (b) The test results are shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis indicates the induction rate of atrial fibrillation
- the horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time after administration of pill cardide or physiological saline.
- the induction rate of atrial fibrillation was about 80% before administration of pilsicainide, but about 20% after 15 minutes and about 2 after 30 minutes.
- the induction rate was approximately 30% even after 50% and 60 minutes, and a significant decrease in the induction rate of atrial fibrillation was observed.
- the rate of induction of atrial fibrillation when saline was administered did not significantly decrease even when pillicide was administered.
- pilzicaide has the effect of suppressing the induction of atrial fibrillation, and the effect of the suppression can be evaluated for a complete atrioventricular block dog by maintaining it for 1 hour after administration.
- Example 3 the heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram when electrical stimulation was applied to the rat
- the QT interval “Electrical ventricular derepolarization time”, PR interval “Atrioventricular conduction time”, and QRS width “Ventricular excitation time” were evaluated.
- the conditions of electrical stimulation, the dose of pilzicaide, and the elapsed measurement time after administration are the same as in Example 3.
- the results are shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, respectively. 6 to 8, the vertical axis represents the heart rate, blood pressure, QT interval / PR interval / QRS width, and the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time after pilzicaide administration.
- the same evaluation was performed by administering physiological saline in place of pildicaide.
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JP2004-257448 | 2004-09-03 | ||
JP2004257448A JP4704712B2 (ja) | 2004-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | 心房細動モデル動物の作製方法、心房細動を誘発させる方法及び心房細動を誘発させた動物を用いた心房細動抑制剤の評価方法 |
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WO2006025450A1 true WO2006025450A1 (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103519786A (zh) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-01-22 | 上海交通大学 | 用于自由运动动物的微型脑卒中病理诱导系统及方法 |
CN111657927A (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-15 | 杭州市第一人民医院 | 电诱颤方法及装置 |
Families Citing this family (3)
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JP5615868B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-27 | 2014-10-29 | 学校法人東邦大学 | 持続性心房細動モデル及びその製造方法、並びに、心房細動抑制剤のスクリーニング方法 |
JP5039236B1 (ja) | 2011-04-27 | 2012-10-03 | 学校法人東邦大学 | 抗不整脈剤及び心房細動抑制剤 |
JP5918038B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-29 | 2016-05-18 | 学校法人東邦大学 | 持続型心房細動モデル、その持続型心房細動誘発方法及び製造方法 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH01110345A (ja) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-04-27 | Chinese Pla General Hospital | 電気刺激により心臓特性を検出する装置および方法 |
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Patent Citations (1)
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JPH01110345A (ja) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-04-27 | Chinese Pla General Hospital | 電気刺激により心臓特性を検出する装置および方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
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JENSEN J.C. ET AL: "Cardiovascular function during transesophageal pacing", PROC. ANNU. INT. CONF. IEEE ENG. MED. BIOL. SOC., vol. 13, no. 5, 1991, pages 2109 - 2110, XP000347314 * |
NIIZATO T. ET AL, OKINAWA IHO, vol. 40, no. 3, 2004, pages 239 - 246, XP002998185 * |
SUGIYAMA A. ET AL: "Electrophysiological, Anatomical and Histological Remodeling of the Heart to AV Block Enhances Susceptibility to Arrhythmogenic Effects of QT-Prolonging Drugs", JPN. J. PHARMACOL., vol. 88, 2002, pages 341 - 350, XP002998183 * |
WIJFFELS M.C.E.F. ET AL: "Atrial Fibrillation Begets Atrial Fibrillation, A Study in Awake Chronically Instrumented Goats", CIRCULATION, vol. 92, no. 7, 1995, pages 1954 - 1968, XP002998184 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103519786A (zh) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-01-22 | 上海交通大学 | 用于自由运动动物的微型脑卒中病理诱导系统及方法 |
CN111657927A (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-09-15 | 杭州市第一人民医院 | 电诱颤方法及装置 |
CN111657927B (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2023-12-08 | 杭州市第一人民医院 | 电诱颤装置 |
Also Published As
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JP2006067950A (ja) | 2006-03-16 |
JP4704712B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
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