WO2006024244A1 - Foundation for an offshore-wind farm - Google Patents

Foundation for an offshore-wind farm Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006024244A1
WO2006024244A1 PCT/DE2004/001924 DE2004001924W WO2006024244A1 WO 2006024244 A1 WO2006024244 A1 WO 2006024244A1 DE 2004001924 W DE2004001924 W DE 2004001924W WO 2006024244 A1 WO2006024244 A1 WO 2006024244A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foundation
pipes
free ends
support structure
support frame
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2004/001924
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Arngolt Bekker
Anton Baraev
Original Assignee
Bard Engineering Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bard Engineering Gmbh filed Critical Bard Engineering Gmbh
Priority to PCT/DE2004/001924 priority Critical patent/WO2006024244A1/en
Priority to EP04786200.8A priority patent/EP1805414B1/en
Priority to DE112004003013T priority patent/DE112004003013A5/en
Publication of WO2006024244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006024244A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a foundation according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a foundation of the type mentioned is known from DE 201 09 981 Ul.
  • the truss is provided at its n corners each with a corner tube, which are aligned with the foundation pipes, and the joint between the corner pipes and the foundation pipes is located above the sea level.
  • the well-known foundation has a central tube with three tubular supports on. Horizontally extending tubes connect the lower ends of the diagonal struts with each other and with the central tube. As a rule, the three support points are anchored to the seabed with thinner steel tubes. Diagonal struts and straps made of cross struts and connections between the support structure and the foundation pipes are below sea level.
  • the foundation with the wind turbine mounted thereon can be considered as a mechanical system anchored as a boom with a point weight (rotor and nacelle) at the tip of the boom in the seabed.
  • a point weight rotor and nacelle
  • the natural frequency of such a system decreases significantly.
  • the natural frequency of the system must be raised to a suitable frequency range for the respective wind turbine.
  • the distance between the point weight (rotor and nacelle) and the anchoring in the seabed in the case of wind turbines, which are used at water depths of about 50m, is significantly greater than in the case of already Existing wind turbines, which are used at shallower water depths, becoming increasingly difficult to achieve the required natural frequencies.
  • An additional difficulty is that ever more powerful wind turbines are used, in which the rotor and nacelle weight is much greater than in the case of existing prototypes.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a technically easier at water depths in the range of about 30m to about 50m deployable foundation.
  • this object is achieved in the generic foundation in that the support framework consists of radial struts with non-slotted profile and at least the underside of the support structure below the expected swell, but above the Sea level is arranged and rigid connections between the scaffold and the free ends of the foundation pipes are provided.
  • a rigid connection is intended to mean a connection which is as rigid as is structurally possible and which largely prevents displacements of the connected elements from one another.
  • a non-slotted profile may also be referred to as a closed profile, such as a rectangular or cylindrical profile.
  • the arrangement of at least the underside of the support structure below the expected wave height (expected wave) and the execution of the scaffold as a radial construction with minimum height makes it possible to lower the wind turbine with rotor and nacelle, whereby the achievement of the required natural frequencies is simplified, at which resonances are excluded with the rotor frequencies.
  • the rigidity of the connection between the scaffold and the free ends of the rammed into the seabed foundation pipes increases the rigidity of the existing foundation and wind turbine system; the achievement of the required natural frequencies is also facilitated.
  • n 3.
  • connections between the free ends of the foundation pipes and the support frame comprise stubs which are rigidly and rigidly connected to the support frame and into the free ends of the foundation pipes with a cavity between the walls of the foundation pipes and the nozzle are plugged, wherein the cavity is potted.
  • the cavity consists of the annular gap in the radial direction between the respective inner and outer elements (spigot / foundation tube) and the space in the longitudinal direction between the ends of the elements.
  • connections between the free ends of the foundation pipes and the support frame comprise nozzles which are rigidly and rigidly connected to the scaffold and which are stuck on the free ends of the foundation pipes from the outside with a cavity between the walls of the nozzle and the foundation pipes wherein the cavity is potted.
  • an upright tower receiving element with a cylindrical-conical shape and a connection for the tower is arranged centrally in the support structure, which is firmly connected by the radial struts with the nozzle.
  • the radial struts have a radially outwardly changing cross section.
  • the support structure is arranged wholly or partially above the splash zone.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that the natural frequencies of the system consisting of foundations and wind turbines are significantly more easily raised to an area due to the special design and arrangement of the support structure in combination with the rigid connections between the free ends of the foundation pipes with the support structure can be excluded, in which resonances with the rotor frequencies are excluded, which is particularly relevant for wind turbines, which are used at water depths of about 30m to 50m.
  • the arrangement of at least the underside of the support structure below the expected wave height (the expected swell) and according to a particular embodiment wholly or partially above the splash zone, which is characterized by increased corrosion of the construction, represents a compromise between the desire, the construction Protect against wave action and thus reduce the forces acting on the waves, on the one hand and the need to ensure certain natural frequencies in the construction, on the other hand dar.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a foundation according to a particular
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2.
  • a Turnaumahmeelement 22 is arranged with a cylindrical-conical shape and a connection 6.
  • the Turmaumahmeelement 22 is fixedly connected to the radial struts 7.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show examples of such rigid connections, according to the pipe-in-pipe principle.
  • the rigid connections 12 comprise stubs 4, which are inserted into the free ends of the foundation pipes 2 with play, that is, with a cavity.
  • the connections between the foundation pipes 2 and the nozzle 4 are solid, stiff and resilient, the cavity is shed for example with concrete 10.
  • connection 12 stub 4 which are stuck to the free ends of the foundation pipes 2 with game, that is, with a cavity.
  • the cavity is in turn potted with concrete 10, for example.
  • the connections 12 may be identical at all corners, that is different than shown in Figure 2.
  • a rigid connection between the support structure 1 and the foundation tubes 2 increases the strength of the foundation with a wind turbine mounted thereon, of which only the tower 5 - and only partially - is shown, thus achieving a lying above a required minimum value first natural frequency of the foundation is simplified.
  • the support structure 1 with its bottom 27 below the expected wave 25, which corresponds to the expected maximum wave height, but above the sea level 26 allows to reduce the height at which the tower 5 is connected to the support structure 1, and also to install the wind turbine lower. This additionally simplifies the achievement of the required (higher) natural frequency.
  • the execution of the scaffold 1 with radial struts 7 makes it possible to reduce the height of the support structure and thus the connection between the support structure 1 and the tower 5 and to lower the wind turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the foundation for an off-shore wind farm, comprising n foundation tubes which are forced into the sea bed on corners of an imaginary regular polygon and an n-corned support structure which supports the tower of the wind farm, which is supported by the free ends of the foundation tubes by means of the rigidly connected corner tubes which are arranged on the n-corners thereof. The free ends of the foundation tubes are rigidly connected to the corner tubes. The invention is characterised in that at least the lower side of the support structure is arranged below the expected wave path, but above the level of the sea.

Description

"Gründung für eine Offshore-Windkraftanlage" "Foundation for an offshore wind turbine"
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Gründung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The present invention relates to a foundation according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine Gründung der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der DE 201 09 981 Ul bekannt. Bei der bekannten Gründung ist die Stützstruktur als räumliches Fachwerk ausgebildet, das oberhalb des zu erwartenden Wellengangs angeordnet ist. Das Fachwerk ist an seinen n Ecken jeweils mit einem Eckrohr versehen, die mit den Gründungsrohren fluchten, und die Stoßstelle zwischen den Eckrohren und den Gründungsrohren ist oberhalb des Meeresspiegels angeordnet.A foundation of the type mentioned is known from DE 201 09 981 Ul. In the known foundation of the support structure is designed as a spatial framework, which is located above the expected swell. The truss is provided at its n corners each with a corner tube, which are aligned with the foundation pipes, and the joint between the corner pipes and the foundation pipes is located above the sea level.
Aus der DE 100 61 916 Al ist eine Gründung für eine Offshore-Windkraftanlage mit n an den Ecken eines gedachten regelmäßigen Vielecks in den Meeresboden eingerammten Gründungsrohren und mit einer den Turm der Windkraftanlage tragenden n-eckigen Stützstruktur bekannt, bei der zwischen der Stützstruktur und den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre angeordnete, ein Verschwenken des Stützgerüstes in alle Richtungen um die aufrecht stehenden Gründungsrohre erlaubende Gelenke vorgesehen sind.From DE 100 61 916 Al a foundation for an offshore wind turbine with n at the corners of an imaginary regular polygon in the seabed rammed foundation pipes and with a tower of the wind turbine supporting n-sided support structure is known in which between the support structure and the arranged free ends of the foundation pipes, a pivoting of the support frame in all directions around the upright foundation pipes permitting joints are provided.
Darüber hinaus wird in Hau, Windkraftanlagen, Springer Verlag, dritte Auflage, Seite 624, Bild 17.20, eine Tripod-Gründung gezeigt. Die bekannte Gründung weist ein zentrales Rohr mit drei rohrfb'rmigen Schrägstützen auf. Horizontal verlaufende Rohre verbinden die unteren Enden der Schrägstützen miteinander und mit dem zentralen Rohr. In der Regel werden die drei Auflagepunkte mit dünneren Stahlrohren im Meeresboden verankert. Schrägstreben und Gurte aus Querstreben sowie Verbindungen zwischen der Stützstruktur und den Gründungsrohren liegen unterhalb des Meeresspiegels.In addition, in Hau, wind turbines, Springer Verlag, third edition, page 624, Figure 17.20, a tripod founding shown. The well-known foundation has a central tube with three tubular supports on. Horizontally extending tubes connect the lower ends of the diagonal struts with each other and with the central tube. As a rule, the three support points are anchored to the seabed with thinner steel tubes. Diagonal struts and straps made of cross struts and connections between the support structure and the foundation pipes are below sea level.
Die Gründung mit der darauf befestigten Windkraftanlage kann als ein mechanisches System angesehen werden, das als ein Ausleger mit einem Punktgewicht (Rotor und Gondel) an der Spitze des Auslegers im Meeresboden verankert ist. Mit zunehmendem Abstand zwischen dem Punktgewicht an der Spitze des Auslegers und der Verankerung verringert sich die Eigenfrequenz eines solchen Systems deutlich. Zur Vermeidung von Resonanz mit den Rotorfrequenzen muß die Eigenfrequenz des Systems in einen für die jeweilige Windkraftanlage geeigneten Frequenzbereich angehoben werden. Dabei ist zu beachten, daß verglichen mit den bereits existierenden Prototypen der Abstand zwischen dem Punktgewicht (Rotor und Gondel) und der Verankerung im Meeresboden im Falle von Windkraftanlagen, die bei Wassertiefen von ca. 50m eingesetzt werden, deutlich größer ist als im Falle von bereits existierenden Windkraftanlagen, die bei geringeren Wassertiefen eingesetzt werden, wobei immer schwieriger wird, die erforderlichen Eigenfrequenzen zu erreichen. Eine zusätzliche Schwierigkeit besteht darin, daß immer leistungsstärkere Windkraftanlagen zum Einsatz kommen, bei denen das Rotor- und Gondelgewicht wesentlich größer ist, als im Falle der bereits existierenden Prototypen.The foundation with the wind turbine mounted thereon can be considered as a mechanical system anchored as a boom with a point weight (rotor and nacelle) at the tip of the boom in the seabed. As the distance between the point weight at the tip of the boom and the anchor increases, the natural frequency of such a system decreases significantly. To avoid resonance with the rotor frequencies, the natural frequency of the system must be raised to a suitable frequency range for the respective wind turbine. It should be noted that compared to the existing prototypes, the distance between the point weight (rotor and nacelle) and the anchoring in the seabed in the case of wind turbines, which are used at water depths of about 50m, is significantly greater than in the case of already Existing wind turbines, which are used at shallower water depths, becoming increasingly difficult to achieve the required natural frequencies. An additional difficulty is that ever more powerful wind turbines are used, in which the rotor and nacelle weight is much greater than in the case of existing prototypes.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine technisch einfachere bei Wassertiefen im Bereich von ca. 30m bis ca. 50m einsetzbare Gründung zu schaffen.The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a technically easier at water depths in the range of about 30m to about 50m deployable foundation.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe bei der gattungsgemäßen Gründung dadurch gelöst, daß das Stützgerüst aus Radialstreben mit nicht geschlitztem Profil besteht und zumindest die Unterseite der Stützstruktur unterhalb des zu erwartenden Wellengangs, jedoch über dem Meeresspiegel angeordnet ist sowie steife Verbindungen zwischen dem Stützgerüst und den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre vorgesehen sind.According to the invention, this object is achieved in the generic foundation in that the support framework consists of radial struts with non-slotted profile and at least the underside of the support structure below the expected swell, but above the Sea level is arranged and rigid connections between the scaffold and the free ends of the foundation pipes are provided.
Mit einer steifen Verbindung soll eine Verbindung gemeint sein, die so steif, wie dies konstruktiv möglich ist, ausgebildet ist und Verschiebungen der verbundenen Elemente gegeneinander weitestgehend ausschließt.A rigid connection is intended to mean a connection which is as rigid as is structurally possible and which largely prevents displacements of the connected elements from one another.
Ein nicht geschlitztes Profil kann auch als geschlossenes Profil, wie zum Beispiel ein rechteckiges oder zylindrisches Profil, bezeichnet werden.A non-slotted profile may also be referred to as a closed profile, such as a rectangular or cylindrical profile.
Die Anordnung zumindest der Unterseite der Stützstruktur unterhalb der zu erwartenden Wellenhöhe (des zu erwartenden Wellengangs) und die Ausführung des Stützgerüstes als radiale Konstruktion mit minimaler Höhe erlaubt es, die Windkraftanlage mit Rotor und Gondel abzusenken, wodurch das Erreichen der erforderlichen Eigenfrequenzen vereinfacht wird, bei welchen Resonanzen mit den Rotorfrequenzen ausgeschlossen sind.The arrangement of at least the underside of the support structure below the expected wave height (expected wave) and the execution of the scaffold as a radial construction with minimum height makes it possible to lower the wind turbine with rotor and nacelle, whereby the achievement of the required natural frequencies is simplified, at which resonances are excluded with the rotor frequencies.
Durch die Steifigkeit der Verbindung zwischen Stützgerüst und den freien Enden der in den Meeresboden gerammten Gründungsrohre erhöht sich die Steifigkeit des aus Gründung und Windkraftanlage bestehenden Systems; das Erreichen der erforderlichen Eigenfrequenzen wird ebenfalls erleichtert.The rigidity of the connection between the scaffold and the free ends of the rammed into the seabed foundation pipes increases the rigidity of the existing foundation and wind turbine system; the achievement of the required natural frequencies is also facilitated.
Gemäß einer ersten besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, daß n=3 ist.According to a first particular embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that n = 3.
Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, daß n=4 ist. Gemäß einer besonderen Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Verbindungen zwischen den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre und dem Stützgerüst Stutzen umfassen, die fest und steif mit dem Stützgerüst verbunden sind und die in die freien Enden der Gründungsrohre mit einem Hohlraum zwischen den Wänden der Gründungsrohre und den Stutzen gesteckt sind, wobei der Hohlraum vergossen ist. Der Hohlraum besteht aus dem Ringspalt in radialer Richtung zwischen den jeweiligen inneren und äußeren Elementen (Stutzen/Gründungsrohr) und dem Raum in Längsrichtung zwischen den Enden der Elemente.Alternatively it can be provided that n = 4. According to a particular embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the connections between the free ends of the foundation pipes and the support frame comprise stubs which are rigidly and rigidly connected to the support frame and into the free ends of the foundation pipes with a cavity between the walls of the foundation pipes and the nozzle are plugged, wherein the cavity is potted. The cavity consists of the annular gap in the radial direction between the respective inner and outer elements (spigot / foundation tube) and the space in the longitudinal direction between the ends of the elements.
Alternativ vorgesehen, daß die Verbindungen zwischen den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre und dem Stützgerüst Stutzen umfassen, die fest und steif mit dem Stützgerüst verbunden sind und die auf die freien Enden der Gründungsrohre von außen mit einem Hohlraum zwischen den Wänden der Stutzen und den Gründungsrohren gesteckt sind, wobei der Hohlraum vergossen ist.Alternatively, provided that the connections between the free ends of the foundation pipes and the support frame comprise nozzles which are rigidly and rigidly connected to the scaffold and which are stuck on the free ends of the foundation pipes from the outside with a cavity between the walls of the nozzle and the foundation pipes wherein the cavity is potted.
Günstigerweise ist in der Stützstruktur ein aufrecht angeordnetes Turmaufnahmeelement mit zylindrisch-konischer Gestalt und einer Verbindung für den Turm zentral angeordnet ist, welches durch die Radialstreben mit den Stutzen fest verbunden.Conveniently, an upright tower receiving element with a cylindrical-conical shape and a connection for the tower is arranged centrally in the support structure, which is firmly connected by the radial struts with the nozzle.
Vorteilhafterweise weisen die Radialstreben einen sich radial nach außen ändernden Querschnitt auf.Advantageously, the radial struts have a radially outwardly changing cross section.
Gemäß einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Stützstruktur ganz oder teilweise oberhalb der Splash-Zone angeordnet.According to a further particular embodiment of the invention, the support structure is arranged wholly or partially above the splash zone.
Der Erfindung liegt die überraschende Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß durch die spezielle Gestaltung und Anordnung der Stützstruktur in Kombination mit den steifen Verbindungen zwischen den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre mit der Stützstruktur die Eigenfrequenzen des Systems aus Gründung und Windkraftanlage deutlich einfacher in einen Bereich angehoben werden können, in dem Resonanzen mit den Rotorfrequenzen ausgeschlossen sind, was für Windkraftanlagen, die bei Wassertiefen von ca. 30m bis 50m verwendet werden, besonders aktuell ist.The invention is based on the surprising finding that the natural frequencies of the system consisting of foundations and wind turbines are significantly more easily raised to an area due to the special design and arrangement of the support structure in combination with the rigid connections between the free ends of the foundation pipes with the support structure can be excluded, in which resonances with the rotor frequencies are excluded, which is particularly relevant for wind turbines, which are used at water depths of about 30m to 50m.
Das Absenken des Stützgerüstes und seine minimale Höhe, die dadurch erreicht wird, dass das Stützgerüst aus Radialstreben mit nicht geschlitztem Profil und nicht als Rahmen wie aus der DE 201 09 981 Ul bekannt; mit steifen Verbindungen zwischen Stützgerüst und Gründungsrohren gegenüber dem aus DE 10061916 Al bekannten Fachwerk mit Gelenkverbindungen; die Anordnung der Verbindungen zwischen den Gründungsrohren und dem Stützgerüst über dem Meeresspiegel und nicht unter Wasser, wie beim Prototypen aus dem Buch von E. Hau - all das führt dazu, dass die erforderlichen Eigenfrequenzen einfacher erreicht werden können.The lowering of the scaffold and its minimum height, which is achieved in that the support frame of radial struts with non-slotted profile and not as a frame as known from DE 201 09 981 Ul; with rigid connections between scaffold and foundation pipes with respect to the known from DE 10061916 Al framework with joints; the arrangement of the connections between the foundation pipes and the scaffold above sea level and not under water, as in the prototype in the book by E. Hau - all this means that the required natural frequencies can be achieved more easily.
Die Anordnung zumindest der Unterseite der Stützstruktur unterhalb der zu erwartenden Wellenhöhe (des zu erwartenden Wellengangs) und gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform ganz oder teilweise oberhalb der Splash-Zone, die durch erhöhte Korrosion der Konstruktion gekennzeichnet ist, stellt einen Kompromiß zwischen dem Wunsch, die Konstruktion vor Welleneinwirkung zu schützen und somit die einwirkenden Kräfte der Wellen zu verringern, einerseits und der Notwendigkeit, bestimmte Eigenfrequenzen in der Konstruktion zu gewährleisten, andererseits dar.The arrangement of at least the underside of the support structure below the expected wave height (the expected swell) and according to a particular embodiment wholly or partially above the splash zone, which is characterized by increased corrosion of the construction, represents a compromise between the desire, the construction Protect against wave action and thus reduce the forces acting on the waves, on the one hand and the need to ensure certain natural frequencies in the construction, on the other hand dar.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen im einzelnen erläutert ist. Dabei zeigt:Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the claims and from the following description in which an embodiment with reference to the schematic drawings is explained in detail. Showing:
Figur 1 eine Seitenansicht einer Gründung gemäß einer besonderenFigure 1 is a side view of a foundation according to a particular
Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung; Figur 2 eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie I-I von Figur 1 ;Embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II of Figure 1;
Figur 3 eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie III-III in Figur 2; undFigure 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in Figure 2; and
Figur 4 eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie IV-IV in Figur 2.FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Gründung für eine Offshore- Windkraftanlage umfaßt n=3 an den Ecken eines gedachten Vielecks in den Meeresboden 20 eingerammte Gründungsrohre 2 und eine einen Turm 5 der Offshore- Windkraftanlage tragende Stützstruktur 1, die über jeweils an ihren n=3 Ecken angeordnete steife Verbindungen 12 mit den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre 2 verbunden ist.The foundation for an offshore wind turbine shown in Figure 1 comprises n = 3 at the corners of an imaginary polygon in the seabed 20 rammed foundation pipes 2 and a tower 5 of the offshore wind turbine supporting support structure 1, each at their n = 3 corners arranged rigid connections 12 is connected to the free ends of the foundation pipes 2.
Die in der Figur 1 gezeigte Stützstruktur 1 umfaßt n=3 Radialstreben 7 mit sich radial nach außen verjüngendem rechteckigem Querschnitt, so daß sich jeweils ein verjüngendes Kastenrohr ergibt. Zentral in der Stützstruktur 1 ist ein Turnaumahmeelement 22 mit zylindrisch-konischer Gestalt sowie einer Verbindung 6 angeordnet. Das Turmaumahmeelement 22 ist mit den Radialstreben 7 fest verbunden.The support structure 1 shown in Figure 1 comprises n = 3 radial struts 7 with radially outwardly tapered rectangular cross section, so that in each case results in a tapered box tube. Centrally in the support structure 1 a Turnaumahmeelement 22 is arranged with a cylindrical-conical shape and a connection 6. The Turmaumahmeelement 22 is fixedly connected to the radial struts 7.
Die freien Enden der Gründungsrohre 2 sind mit dem Stützgerüst steif verbunden. In den Figuren 3 und 4 sind Beispiele für derartige steife Verbindungen, und zwar nach dem Rohr- im-Rohr-Prinzip, dargestellt. In Figur 3 umfassen die steifen Verbindungen 12 Stutzen 4, die in die freien Enden der Gründungsrohre 2 mit Spiel, das heißt mit einem Hohlraum gesteckt sind. Damit die Verbindungen zwischen den Gründungsrohren 2 und den Stutzen 4 fest, steif und belastbar sind, wird der Hohlraum zum Beispiel mit Beton 10 vergossen.The free ends of the foundation pipes 2 are rigidly connected to the scaffold. FIGS. 3 and 4 show examples of such rigid connections, according to the pipe-in-pipe principle. In Figure 3, the rigid connections 12 comprise stubs 4, which are inserted into the free ends of the foundation pipes 2 with play, that is, with a cavity. Thus, the connections between the foundation pipes 2 and the nozzle 4 are solid, stiff and resilient, the cavity is shed for example with concrete 10.
In Figur 4 umfassend die Verbindungen 12 Stutzen 4, die auf die freien Enden der Gründungsrohre 2 mit Spiel, das heißt mit einem Hohlraum gesteckt sind. Der Hohlraum wird wiederum zum Beispiel mit Beton 10 vergossen. Selbstverständlich können die Verbindungen 12 an allen Ecken identisch sein, das heißt anders als in Figur 2 gezeigt.In Figure 4 comprising the connections 12 stub 4, which are stuck to the free ends of the foundation pipes 2 with game, that is, with a cavity. The cavity is in turn potted with concrete 10, for example. Of course, the connections 12 may be identical at all corners, that is different than shown in Figure 2.
Eine steife Verbindung zwischen der Stützstruktur 1 und den Gründungsrohren 2 erhöht die Festigkeit der Gründung mit einer darauf befestigten Windkraftanlage, von der nur der Turm 5 - und auch nur teilweise - gezeigt ist, womit das Erreichen einer oberhalb eines erforderlichen Minimalwertes liegenden ersten Eigenfrequenz der Gründung vereinfacht wird.A rigid connection between the support structure 1 and the foundation tubes 2 increases the strength of the foundation with a wind turbine mounted thereon, of which only the tower 5 - and only partially - is shown, thus achieving a lying above a required minimum value first natural frequency of the foundation is simplified.
Das Anordnen der Stützstruktur 1 mit deren Unterseite 27 unterhalb des zu erwartenden Wellengangs 25, der der zu erwartenden maximalen Wellenhöhe entspricht, jedoch oberhalb des Meeresspiegels 26 erlaubt es, die Höhe, in der der Turm 5 mit der Stützstruktur 1 verbunden wird, zu verringern und auch die Windkraftanlage niedriger anzubringen. Dadurch wird das Erreichen der erforderlichen (höheren) Eigenfrequenz zusätzlich vereinfacht. Günstigerweise wird die Stützstruktur 1 - wie in den Figuren 1 und 3 gezeigt - oberhalb der Splash-Zone (Spritzwasserzone) 24 angebracht, da die Splash-Zone 24 durch erhöhte Korrosion der Konstruktion gekennzeichnet ist.The arrangement of the support structure 1 with its bottom 27 below the expected wave 25, which corresponds to the expected maximum wave height, but above the sea level 26 allows to reduce the height at which the tower 5 is connected to the support structure 1, and also to install the wind turbine lower. This additionally simplifies the achievement of the required (higher) natural frequency. Conveniently, the support structure 1 - as shown in Figures 1 and 3 - above the splash zone (spray water zone) 24 is attached, since the splash zone 24 is characterized by increased corrosion of the structure.
Die Ausführung des Stützgerüstes 1 mit Radialstreben 7 erlaubt es, die Höhe der Stützstruktur und somit der Verbindung zwischen der Stützstruktur 1 und dem Turm 5 zu verringern sowie die Windkraftanlage abzusenken.The execution of the scaffold 1 with radial struts 7 makes it possible to reduce the height of the support structure and thus the connection between the support structure 1 and the tower 5 and to lower the wind turbine.
Die in der vorliegenden Beschreibung, in den Zeichnungen sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebigen Kombinationen für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungsformen wesentlich sein. The features of the invention disclosed in the present description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any desired combinations for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Gründung für eine Offshore-Windkraftanlage mit n an den Ecken eines gedachten regelmäßigen Vielecks in den Meeresboden (20) eingerammten Gründungsrohren (2) und mit einer den Turm (5) der Windkraftanlage tragenden n-eckigen Stützstruktur (1), die mit den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre (2) verbunden ist,Foundation for an offshore wind turbine with n at the corners of an imaginary regular polygon in the seabed (20) rammed foundation pipes (2) and with a tower (5) of the wind turbine supporting n-shaped support structure (1), with the free ends of the foundation pipes (2) is connected,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßcharacterized in that
das Stützgerüst (1) aus Radialstreben (7) mit nicht geschlitztem Profil besteht und zumindest die Unterseite (27) der Stützstruktur (1) unterhalb des zu erwartenden Wellengangs (25), jedoch über dem Meeresspiegel (26) angeordnet ist sowiethe support frame (1) consists of radial struts (7) with non-slotted profile and at least the underside (27) of the support structure (1) below the expected wave (25), but above the sea level (26) is arranged and
steife Verbindungen (12) zwischen dem Stützgerüst (1) und den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre (2) vorgesehen sind.rigid connections (12) are provided between the support frame (1) and the free ends of the foundation tubes (2).
2. Gründung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß n=3 ist.2. Foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that n = 3.
3. Gründung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß n=4 ist.3. Foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that n = 4.
4. Gründung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungen (12) zwischen den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre (2) und dem Stützgerüst (1) Stutzen (4) umfassen, die fest und steif mit dem Stützgerüst (1) verbunden sind und die in die freien Enden der Gründungsrohre (2) mit einem Hohlraum zwischen den Wänden der Gründungsrohre (2) und den Stutzen (4) gesteckt sind, wobei der Hohlraum vergossen ist. 4. Foundation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connections (12) between the free ends of the foundation pipes (2) and the support frame (1) connecting piece (4), the fixed and rigidly connected to the support frame (1) are and in the free ends of the foundation pipes (2) are inserted with a cavity between the walls of the foundation pipes (2) and the nozzle (4), wherein the cavity is potted.
5. Gründung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungen (12) zwischen den freien Enden der Gründungsrohre (2) und dem Stützgerüst (1) Stutzen (4) umfassen, die fest und steif mit dem Stützgerüst (1) verbunden sind und die auf die freien Enden der Gründungsrohre (2) von außen mit einem Hohlraum zwischen den Wänden der Stutzen (4) und den Gründungsrohren (2) gesteckt sind, wobei der Hohlraum vergossen ist.5. Foundation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connections (12) between the free ends of the foundation pipes (2) and the support frame (1) connecting pieces (4), the fixed and rigidly connected to the support frame (1) are and on the free ends of the foundation pipes (2) from the outside with a cavity between the walls of the nozzle (4) and the foundation pipes (2) are plugged, wherein the cavity is potted.
6. Gründung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Stützstruktur (1) ein aufrecht angeordnetes Turmaufnahmeelement (22) mit zylindrisch- konischer Gestalt und einer Verbindung (6) für den Turm (5) zentral angeordnet ist, welches durch die Radialstreben (7) mit den Stutzen (4) fest verbunden ist.6. Foundation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the support structure (1) an upright arranged tower receiving element (22) with a cylindrical conical shape and a connection (6) for the tower (5) is arranged centrally, which by the Radial struts (7) with the nozzle (4) is firmly connected.
7. Gründung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Radialstreben (7) einen sich radial nach außen ändernden Querschnitt aufweisen.7. Foundation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial struts (7) have a radially outwardly changing cross-section.
8. Gründung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stützstruktur (1) ganz oder teilweise oberhalb der Splash-Zone (24) angeordnet ist. 8. Foundation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support structure (1) is arranged wholly or partially above the splash zone (24).
PCT/DE2004/001924 2004-08-31 2004-08-31 Foundation for an offshore-wind farm WO2006024244A1 (en)

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DE112004003013T DE112004003013A5 (en) 2004-08-31 2004-08-31 Foundation for an offshore wind turbine

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US9494131B2 (en) 2007-08-29 2016-11-15 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Monopile foundation for offshore wind turbine
EP2290237A3 (en) * 2009-08-31 2014-02-19 Kværner Jacket Technology AS A load transferring device in a wind turbine support structure
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EP3491240A1 (en) * 2016-09-09 2019-06-05 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Transition piece for a wind turbine
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US11418016B2 (en) 2017-06-21 2022-08-16 C-Ling Limited Pull-in head assembly
US11404854B2 (en) 2017-06-21 2022-08-02 C-Ling Limited Pull-in head assembly
US11411376B2 (en) 2017-06-21 2022-08-09 C-Ling Limited Pull-in head assembly
WO2019043272A1 (en) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-07 Nabrawind Technologies, Sl Connection for connecting a tubular tower to lattice work
US12110862B2 (en) 2017-10-10 2024-10-08 Spt Equipment B.V. Off shore wind energy installation foundation system
WO2021221506A1 (en) * 2020-04-29 2021-11-04 Spt Equipment Bv Offshore wind turbine foundation
NL2028088A (en) * 2020-04-29 2021-11-02 Spt Equipment Bv Concrete connector body for an offshore wind turbine.

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