WO2006024198A1 - Circuit limitateur pour circuit de commutation avec reinjection d'energie et blocage basse tension - Google Patents

Circuit limitateur pour circuit de commutation avec reinjection d'energie et blocage basse tension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006024198A1
WO2006024198A1 PCT/CN2004/001018 CN2004001018W WO2006024198A1 WO 2006024198 A1 WO2006024198 A1 WO 2006024198A1 CN 2004001018 W CN2004001018 W CN 2004001018W WO 2006024198 A1 WO2006024198 A1 WO 2006024198A1
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Prior art keywords
switching element
diode
circuit
switching
switch
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PCT/CN2004/001018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jie Cao
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Jie Cao
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Priority to PCT/CN2004/001018 priority Critical patent/WO2006024198A1/zh
Publication of WO2006024198A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006024198A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34Snubber circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0814Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit
    • H03K17/08148Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit in composite switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/346Passive non-dissipative snubbers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/0036Means reducing energy consumption
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch snubber circuit and, more particularly, to a switch snubber circuit having energy feedback and low voltage turn-off.
  • Figure la is the switch circuit diagram It can be seen from Figure lb that when Q is turned off from the on state, high dv/dt and overvoltage are generated at both ends of the switch, when L (the sum of L s and L L ) and I in the circuit The larger the overvoltage, the higher the overvoltage generated. This is the reason why the overvoltage breakdown of the air occurs when the air switch is turned off in the power system we often see.
  • FIG. 2 shows a prior art charge and discharge type I GBT buffer absorption circuit.
  • the RCD absorption circuit is directly connected in parallel across the collector and emitter of the IGBT.
  • I GBT When I GBT is turned off, the voltage of the snubber capacitor C s rises from zero, which makes the current and voltage trajectory of the IGBT turn off close to the current and voltage coordinate axes, which improves the safety of the IGBT when it is turned off, and reduces its Switching loss.
  • the resistor R s needs to withstand the current of charging and discharging the capacitor C s from zero voltage, the power consumption thereof is large, and when the operating efficiency is high, the operating efficiency of the device is seriously affected. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a switch snubber circuit capable of absorbing energy during a switch-off process and returning energy during switching to a power source.
  • the present invention provides a switch snubber circuit for use in a switching circuit.
  • the snubber circuit includes a switching element; a first diode (v D1 ) is forwardly connected in series between one end of the switching element and a power supply; a third diode (V D3 ) is anti-parallel in the Between the other end of the switching element and the power supply, a path is provided for the inductive reverse current in the circuit; a second diode (V D2 ) and a capacitor (C) connected in series therewith are connected in parallel at the other end of the switching element Between the power sources, a charging path is formed; the switch buffer circuit further includes: an inverter transformer (TI) having one end of the primary winding connected to the second diode (V D2 ) and the capacitor (C) Between the other end is connected between the switching element and the first diode; a rectifier bridge (V D4 _ 7 ) whose pair of inputs are connected in parallel on the secondary winding of the in
  • the current in the loop is charged to the capacitor (C) through the second diode (V D2 ), which reduces the dv/dt turn-off;
  • the switching element is turned on, the charge stored in the capacitor (C) After passing through the primary winding of the inverter transformer (TI) and the first diode (V D1 ), then flowing through the switching element, and the discharge current is transformed by the transformer (TI) impedance, after the rectifier bridge (V D4 _ 7 ) After rectification, the electric field energy on the capacitor (C) is fed back to the DC power source.
  • the above switching element may be a mechanical electromagnetic switch.
  • the above switching element may be a semiconductor solid state switch.
  • the above switching element may be an IGBT.
  • the switch buffer structure of the present invention when the switching element is turned off, the current in the loop charges the capacitor, thereby absorbing the energy during the turn-off process, thereby achieving a low voltage turn-off on the switch; when the switching element is turned on, the capacitor After the primary line of the inverter transformer is discharged, the discharge current is transformed by the transformer impedance and rectified by the rectifier bridge, and the electric field energy on the capacitor is fed back to the DC power source.
  • This can significantly improve the operating state of the switch, eliminate the loss and electrical stress during turn-off, extend the life of the switch, and improve reliability.
  • energy feedback is achieved, making the circuit The conversion efficiency is significantly improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of current and voltage waveforms on a switch of the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a switch buffer circuit in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing current and voltage waveforms on a switch and a capacitor when a switch is turned off in a switch snubber circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a switch snubber circuit in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • V is a switching element
  • a first diode (V D1 ) is forwardly connected in series between one end of the switching element V and a power supply
  • a diode V D2 is connected in series with the capacitor C in parallel with the switching element
  • a third diode (V D 3 ) is connected in anti-parallel between the other end of the switching element and the power supply to provide a path for the inductive reverse current in the circuit
  • a diode (V D2 ) and a capacitor ( C ) connected in series therewith are connected in parallel between the other end of the switching element and a power source to form a charging path
  • the switching buffer circuit further includes: an inverter transformer (TI) One end of its primary coil is connected between the second diode (V D2 ) and the capacitor (C), and the other end is connected between the switching element and the first diode; a rectifier bridge (V D4 )
  • the blocking capacitor C is directly connected to the inductor l existing in the load and the distributed inductance L s in the circuit to prevent The current oscillation is formed; the main function of the diode V D 1 connected in series with the V-terminal of the switching element is to directly block the capacitor C, the direct connection between the inverter transformer TI and the inductors LL, L S to prevent oscillation from forming.
  • the freewheeling diode V D3 is connected in anti-parallel across the switching element V to provide a path for the inductive reverse current in the circuit.
  • the capacitance C of the inverter transformer TI stored energy through rectifier bridge v D4 is turned on when the V - u d return ends 7 after rectification.
  • the switch snubber circuit shown in Figure 5 is another embodiment of the present invention.
  • V D2 provides a charging path for C and prevents direct flow through V during discharge.
  • the freewheeling diode V D3 provides a path for the inductive reverse current in the circuit.
  • the inverter transformer TI returns the energy stored in C to the DC bus after rectification by the rectifier bridge V D4 _ 7 when V is turned on.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is the same as that of the previous embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Description

具有能量回馈和低电压关断的开关緩冲电路 技术领域
本发明涉及开关緩沖电路, 更具体地, 涉及具有能量回馈和 低电压关断的开关緩冲电路。
背景技术
对于任何接有开关的电路, 当对流过开关的电流在某个时刻 进行关断时, 存在于电路中的分布电感(Ls)和负载中的电感(LJ 贮存的能量将同时释放。 根据电感不能突变原理, 开关关断时能 量的释放是以电压突变升高的方式进行的, 其能量为 WL=L V / 2。 开关上的电流、 电压波形如图 1 所示。 图 l a 是开关电路图。 由 图 l b可以看出, Q从导通状态下进行关断时, 开关两端会产生很 高的 dv/dt和过电压, 当电路中的 L ( Ls与 LL之和)和 I越大, 产生的过电压就越高。 这就是我们经常见到的电力系统中空气开 关关断时过电压击穿空气出现火花的原因。 对以固体器件组成的 开关电路以高频率工作时, 不仅会产生如上所述的过电压, 还会 在开关上产生一定的关断损耗。 其损耗为 PQ=LI2f /2, 频率 f 越 高损耗越大。 如果不对这种过电压和损耗加以限制, dv/d t、 PQ 以及过电压超出了开关器件的额定值, 开关器件就会损坏。
盛祖权和张立在 2000年 5 月发表的 2000, IGBT模块应用技 术研讨会论文集中的 《IGBT模块驱动及保护技术》 中提出, 为了 使 IGBT关断时的过电压能得到更有效的抑制并减小 I GBT的关断 损耗, 通常都需要给 IGBT主电路设置关断緩冲吸收电路。
图 2所示为现有技术的充放电型 I GBT緩冲吸收电路, RCD吸 收电路直接并联在 IGBT 的集电极和发射极两端。 I GBT 关断时, 吸收电容 Cs的电压从零开始上升, 使得 IGBT 关断时的电流、 电 压的运行轨迹靠近电流、 电压坐标轴, 提高了 IGBT 关断时的安 全性, 降低了它的开关损耗。 但是由于电阻 Rs需承受电容 Cs从 零电压开始充放电的电流, 使它的功耗较大, 当运行效率较高时, 会严重影响装置的运行效率。 发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题, 本发明所要解决的技 术问题是提供一种能将开关关断过程中的能量进行吸收并且能将 开关过程中的能量回馈给电源的开关緩沖电路。
本发明提供了一种用于开关电路中的开关緩沖电路。 该緩冲 电路包括一个开关元件; 一个第一二极管 (vD1)正向串联于所述 开关元件的一端与电源之间; 一个第三二极管 (VD3) 反向并联在 所述开关元件的另一端与电源之间, 为电路中的感性反向电流提 供通路; 一个笫二二极管 (VD2) 和与其串联的电容 (C) 一起并 联在所述开关元件的所述另一端与电源之间, 构成充电通路; 该 开关緩沖电路还包括: 一个逆变变压器 (TI) , 它的初级线圏的 一端接在所述第二二极管 (VD2) 和所述电容 (C) 之间, 另一端 接在所述开关元件与第一二极管之间; 一个整流桥 (VD4_7) , 它 的一对输入端并联在逆变变压器 (TI) 的次级线圏上, 一对输出 端并联在电源上。 当开关元件关断时, 回路中的电流经过第二二 极管 (VD2) 向电容 (C) 充电, 降低了关断 dv/dt; 当开关元件 导通时, 电容 (C) 存储的电荷经过逆变变压器 ( TI ) 的初级线 圏和第一二极管 (VD1) , 然后流经开关元件放电, 同时放电电流 经过变压器 ( TI ) 阻抗变换后, 经整流桥 (VD4_7) 整流后, 将电 容 (C) 上的电场能量反馈回直流电源。
上述开关元件可以是机械电磁开关。
此外, 上述开关元件可以是半导体固体开关。
更进一步, 上述开关元件可以是 IGBT。
采用本发明的开关緩沖结构, 当开关元件关断时, 回路中的 电流向电容充电, 由此吸收关断过程中的能量, 实现开关上的低 电压关断; 当开关元件导通时, 电容经过逆变变压器的初级线圏 放电, 放电电流经过变压器阻抗变换并经整流桥整流后, 将电容 上的电场能量反馈回直流电源。 这样可以显著改善开关的工作状 态, 消除关断时的损耗和电应力, 延长开关的寿命, 提高可靠性。 而且对于大功率高频开关电路来说, 实现了能量回馈, 使得电路 的变换效率显著提高。
附图说明
图 1是现有技术的开关上的电流、 电压波形示意图;
图 2是现有技术的充放电型 IBGT緩冲吸收电路;
图 3是根据本发明第一个实施例的开关緩冲电路;
图 4 是根据本发明第一个实施例的开关緩沖电路中开关关断 时开关和电容上的电流、 电压波形示意图;
图 5是根据本发明第二个实施例的开关緩冲电路。
具体实施方式
参看图 3, 虚线中电路为本发明中的一个实施例。 其中, V 是开关元件, 一个第一二极管 (VD1 ) 正向串联于所述开关元件 V 的一端与电源之间; 一个二极管 VD2与电容 C 串联在一起并联在 所述开关元件的所述另一端与电源之间, 一个第三二极管 (VD 3 ) 反向并联在所述开关元件的另一端与电源之间, 为电路中的感性 反向电流提供通路; 一个第二二极管( VD2 )和与其串联的电容( C ) 一起并联在所述开关元件的所述另一端与电源之间, 构成充电通 路; 该开关緩沖电路还包括: 一个逆变变压器 (T I ) , 它的初级 线圈的一端接在所述第二二极管 ( VD2 ) 和所述电容 (C ) 之间, 另一端接在所述开关元件与第一二极管之间;一个整流桥( VD4_7 ), 它的一对输入端并联在逆变变压器 (T I ) 的次级线圏上, 一对输 出端并联在电源上。 。2除为电容 C 提供充电通路外并能阻止电 容 C放电时放电电流直接流过开关元件 V, 并隔断电容 C与存在 于负栽中的电感 l 和电路中的分布电感 Ls直接连接, 防止形成 电流振荡; 正向串联在开关元件 V —端上的二极管 VD 1的主要作 用是隔断电容 C、 逆变变压器 TI与电感 LL、 LS的直接连接, 防止 形成振荡。 续流二极管 VD3反向并联在开关元件 V 的两端, 为电 路中的感性反向电流提供通路。 逆变变压器 T I 将电容 C 所贮存 的能量在 V导通时经过整流桥 vD47整流后返回 ud两端。
当开关 V导通后, 电流经 vD1流过开关, V两端电压为导通饱 和压降( I GBT 器件开关一般为 2V - 3V ) , 此时, 电容 C 上的电 压 Uc也为该数值。 当开关 V在 t。时刻开始关断时, 由于回路中 分布电感 Ls的存在, 使原来的电流不能突变, 它以恒流的方式向 C 充电, uc逐渐上升。 众所周知, 任何一种开关在开关过程中都 会有速度, 对于不同的开关元器件其速度不同。 机械电磁开关一 般为毫秒级, 而 IGBT 半导体固体开关为微秒级。 所以当电流 i 从 V向 C换路时需要时间, 在 t。- 这段时间, V 中的电流在下 降, C中的电流在上升, 这两个电流之和等于 i, 并完成了电流 V 到 C的转换, 所以 t。- 为 V的关断时间。 关断时的 V、 C上的 电流、 电压波形如图 4所示。
从图 4的波形图可以看出, 由于电容 C的存在, 开关 V在关 断过程直至完全关断至 时刻, 开关 V的电压始终为导通时的饱 和电压, 电压非常低, 从而实现了近乎零电压关断。 所以开关上 的关断损耗极小。 到 t2时, 电容 C充电结束, 电路处于稳态。 此 时电容 C贮存的电场能量为 CUc 2/2。
当开关 V开通时, V 中有负载电流 I 流过, 电容 C存储的电 荷通过逆变变压器 1\的初级形成放电电流 ie也通过开关 V。 电容 C 的放电电流经过逆变变压器的同时, 阻抗变换后的次级电流经 VD4_7整流后, 将 C上的电场能量全部回馈到直流母线。 由此完成 了关断、 开通的一个过程。 以后重复以上过程。
图 5所示的开关緩冲电路是本发明的另一个实施例, VD2为 C 提供充电通路并阻止放电时直接流过 V, 续流二极管 VD3为电路 中的感性反向电流提供通路。 逆变变压器 TI 将 C 所贮存的能量 在 V导通时经过整流桥 VD4_7整流后返回去直流母线。 该实施例的 工作原理与前述实施例的工作原理相同。
尽管通过实施例对本发明进行详细地描述, 但是本发明并不 局限于上述实施例。 本领域的技术人员可以理解, 在不背离本发 明的精神的前提下, 可以对本发明实现各种修改和改进。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于开关电路中的开关緩沖电路; 该緩冲电路包括 一个开关元件; 一个第一二极管 (VD1 ) 正向串联于所述开关元件 的一端与电源之间; 一个第三二极管 (VD3 ) 反向并联在所述开关 元件的另一端与电源之间, 为电路中的感性反向电流提供通路; 一个第二二极管 ( VD2 ) 和与其串联的电容 (C ) 一起并联在所述 开关元件的所述另一端与电源之间, 构成充电通路; 其特征在于, 还包括一个能量回 电路; 该能量回 电路包括: 一个逆变变压 器 (TI ) , 它的初级线圏的一端接在所迷第二二极管 (VD2 ) 和所 述电容(C ) 之间, 另一端接在所述开关元件与第一二极管之间; 一个整流桥 (VD4_7 ) , 它的一对输入端并联在逆变变压器 (TI ) 的次级线圏上, 一对输出端并联在电源上。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的开关緩冲电路, 其中开关元件可 以是机械电磁开关。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的开关緩冲电路, 其中开关元件可 以是半导体固体开关。
4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的开关緩沖电路, 其中开关元件可 以是 IGBT0
PCT/CN2004/001018 2004-09-03 2004-09-03 Circuit limitateur pour circuit de commutation avec reinjection d'energie et blocage basse tension WO2006024198A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3275078A1 (de) * 2015-03-26 2018-01-31 VARTA Microbattery GmbH Schaltungsanordnung zur dämpfung eines von einer elektrischen störquelle verursachten elektrischen störsignals
EP3349357A1 (en) * 2017-01-13 2018-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power switching assembly and method

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EP3275078A1 (de) * 2015-03-26 2018-01-31 VARTA Microbattery GmbH Schaltungsanordnung zur dämpfung eines von einer elektrischen störquelle verursachten elektrischen störsignals
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CN110192343B (zh) * 2017-01-13 2023-07-04 西门子能源有限责任公司 供电系统和方法

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