WO2006022567A1

WO2006022567A1 - Absorbing article

Info

Publication number: WO2006022567A1
Application number: PCT/RU2004/000302
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tatiana Vladimirovna Kolesnikova
Original assignee: Kolesnikova Tatiana Vladimirov
Priority date: 2004-08-04
Filing date: 2004-08-04
Publication date: 2006-03-02

Abstract

The inventive absorbing article (1) for absorbing body fluid wastes comprises a fluid-permeable covering (2), fluid impermeable retaining layer (3), an absorbent (4) and an agent (5) reacting with the body liquid wastes which are arranged therebetween. The absorbing article is characterised in that said agent is embodied in the form of a substance (5) such as ammonium nitrate or urea supporting an endothermic reaction. The use of the substance (5) in the form of an agent which reacts with the organism fluid wastes and initiates the endothermic reaction produces cooling effect on the body area contacting the absorbing article when a biological fluid penetrates therein, thereby signalling the fluid liberation due to natural negative emotions of a human being of any age.

Description

Absorbent product

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of sanitation and hygiene, and relates to absorbent articles such as a diaper, panty liner, urinary incontinence protector, sanitary pad, dressing and the like. Designed to signal the release of biological fluid from the human body through the sensations of this person. Primary use - for the development in children during emptying of the bladder of the reflex to prevent involuntary emptying and to prevent the occurrence of enuresis, as well as a night device for adults with enuresis. Perhaps the use of bleeding in gynecology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION An absorbent article is known [RF patent application N °

98122060, op. 2000.09.27, G08B 21/20] with an electric humidity detector and an alarm, in particular audible, visible or tactilely perceived vibrations. The disadvantage of this product is the use of electrical devices, which complicates, increases the cost of the product and reduces its safety. Another disadvantage is the method of transmitting a signal about the release of biological fluid to a person using this product through the organs of vision or hearing of a person, which suggests a sufficient level of human maturity, limits the use of this product by people of a certain age and condition and does not allow the product to be used on infants without the participation of an adult in the process of signal transmission. An alarm that beeps or blinks can scare the child, with constant use - lead to a neurosis. Moreover, this effect is not natural and physiological. The use of tactilely perceived vibrations has similar disadvantages. The prototype of the proposed invention is an absorbent product for absorbing liquid secretions of the body according to the application for the invention of the Russian Federation JNb 99116365 (op. 2001.05.10, A61F 13/15), including a liquid permeable coating, a liquid impermeable retaining layer and placed between the liquid permeable coating and impermeable to liquids, a layer of absorbent and a means of reacting with liquid secretions of the body, which is made in the form of an electrochemical heat source, that is, reacts with water body excretion with heat (exothermic reaction).

When using an absorbent product according to the prototype as a diaper for children, the perineum is heated when urine is excreted, which in itself with a biologically safe acceptable level of heating does not create unpleasant sensations in the child - it is warm or not felt or pleasant. That is, the child does not form a negative emotion and reflex to give the appropriate signal to mom or to wake up. The child is always comfortable, including when biological fluid is released from his body, that is, regardless of whether it is dry or wet.

For an adult, when using an absorbent product as not only a diaper, but also, for example, as a dressing, biologically safe permissible heating of the perineum or other part of the body is also not among the effects that cause negative emotions and the corresponding reaction to the release of biological fluid in sleeping state of a person. In the waking state of an adult, he can use the sensation of heat to appear as a signal of the need to change the diaper or dressing. However, heating is not acceptable, for example, when dressing bleeding wounds, since when heated, blood flow increases.

That is, the absorbent product of the prototype has a limited scope.

Disclosure of invention The objective of the invention is to expand the scope of use of the invention, ensuring that a person develops awareness of the fact of urine excretion through a natural negative emotion to release biological fluid from the body, the formation of a child's reflex to wake up and give a signal to adults or go to the toilet.

To solve the problem in an absorbent product for absorbing body fluids, including a liquid-permeable coating, a liquid-impermeable retaining layer and an absorbent layer placed between them and a means that reacts with the body's liquid secretions, a substance is used as the specified agent to ensure passage endothermic reaction.

In addition, the absorbent article is characterized in that the substance providing the endothermic reaction is formed as a separate layer located between the liquid-permeable coating and the absorbent layer.

The absorbent article is also characterized in that an additional liquid-impermeable retention layer is introduced into it, partially separating the absorbent layer and the layer of the substance providing the endothermic reaction.

Also, the absorbent article is characterized in that the endothermic reaction substance is distributed in the absorbent layer mainly directly below the surface of the absorbent layer facing the liquid-permeable coating. Further, the absorbent article is characterized in that the substance providing the endothermic reaction is distributed in the absorbent layer so that the distribution density in this substance is maximum near or on the surface of the absorbent layer facing the liquid-permeable coating and decreases with increasing distance from this surface in absorbent layer depth. Finally, the absorbent article is characterized in that, for example, an endothermic reaction is used, for example, ammonium nitrate or urea.

The use in the invention as a means of reacting with liquid secretions of the body, a substance that causes the endothermic reaction in contact with these fluids, provides, when the biological fluid is released, the body part adjacent to the absorbent product is cooled, which causes natural negative emotions in a person of any age. Substances that ensure the passage of an endothermic reaction

(for example, ammonium nitrate or urea, as well as other substances), have a positive enthalpy and dissolve in heat-absorbing liquids. When a substance is dissolved with heat absorption, the resulting solution cools and the body parts adjacent to the absorbent product expand the scope of the invention and solve the problem.

When using the proposed absorbent product for infants, the child has a feeling of the type “cold and uncomfortable” (discomfort), which is a training factor in the development of an appropriate reflex for the release of biological fluid. The feeling of discomfort makes the child give a sign - to whimper, teaches you to feel the filling of the bladder and prevent the onset of cold and trouble, wakes the child up at night. The child learns to realize his needs and to fulfill them in time. The development of bedwetting - enuresis is prevented. Expanding the scope of the invention in comparison with the prototype.

In adults, when using the proposed absorbent product, natural negative reactions to the release of biological fluids (urine, blood) are also formed, which provides an extension of the scope of the proposed invention in comparison with the prototype, including use as dressings. AT the latter case, when bleeding is not only carried out an alarm about it, but also provides a narrowing of nearby blood vessels, which reduces blood loss.

Placing the endothermic reaction material as a separate layer between the liquid-permeable coating and the absorbent layer is one of the specific embodiments of the absorbent article to achieve the above new result.

The introduction into the absorbent article of an additional liquid-impervious restraining layer, partially separating the absorbent layer and the layer of the substance providing the endothermic reaction, makes it possible to absorb heat before the released biological fluid has time to be absorbed by the absorbent layer, that is, it accelerates and enhances cooling and, accordingly, the acceleration of the formation of the necessary reflex.

The distribution of the endothermic reaction substance in the absorbent layer predominantly directly below the surface of the absorbent layer facing the liquid-permeable coating, that is, inside the absorbent layer, is the third embodiment of the absorbent article. At the same time, along with cooling, the absorption of part of the released biological fluid begins, which reduces the degree of cooling and is sufficient for people with increased sensitivity. The placement of the substance providing the endothermic reaction at different distances from the surface of the absorbent layer allows you to adjust the degree and time of cooling for a particular product, choose a product with cooling parameters corresponding to human sensitivity.

The distribution of the substance that enters into an endothermic reaction with the body’s liquid secretions in the absorbent layer so that the distribution density of this substance is maximum near or on the surface of the layer facing the liquid permeable absorbent and decreases with increasing distance from this surface to the depth of the absorbent layer, is another version of the product intended for use by people with different sensitivity.

The use of ammonium nitrate or urea as a substance ensuring the passage of an endothermic reaction is two specific examples of solving the problem of the invention, achieving the above results at the lowest cost due to the minimum relative cost of these substances.

Brief description of the drawings The invention is illustrated by the following figures: FIG. 1 is a cross section A - A of an absorbent product according to one of the manufacturing options (in the drawing, the cross section is rotated and enlarged relative to FIG. 1); figure 2 is a plan view of an absorbent article according to the embodiment of figure l; Fig. 3 is a cross section A '- A' of an absorbent product according to another manufacturing variant (in the drawing, the cross section is rotated and enlarged); 4 is a view of the diaper with the proposed absorbent product; 5 is a graph of temperature change ( ⁰ C) during operation of an absorbent article versus time (T) in minutes. The best embodiment of the invention

An absorbent article 1 for absorbing liquid secretions of an organism according to one embodiment (Fig. 1) includes a liquid-permeable coating 2, a liquid-impermeable retaining layer 3, and an absorbent layer 4 (vertical hatching) disposed between them and a means (5) entering reaction with liquid secretions of the body, which is used as substance 5 (horizontal hatching), which ensures the passage of the endothermic reaction when it enters the product 1 through the coating 2 of the liquid released from the body ( not shown in the drawing). The absorbent 4 is placed directly above the liquid tight barrier layer 3. The substance 5 is formed as a separate layer located directly below a permeable coating 2 above the absorbent 4. Between the absorbent layer 4 and the substance 5, an additional liquid-impermeable layer 6 may be located on the upper surface 7 of the absorbent 4 (Fig. l). This additional impermeable layer 6 partially separates the substance 5 from the absorbent 4, and has in plan a smaller area than the remaining layers and coatings, as shown in FIG. 2.

As absorbent 4 are used, in particular, cellulose, agar-agar, gelatin in various conditions (for example, powder, gel) or synthetic absorbents. As the substance 5 providing the passage of the endothermic reaction, in this first embodiment of the invention, ammonium nitrate or urea is used, which is due to their reduced cost compared to other substances. For ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate NH4NO3), the positive dissolution enthalpy is 25.69 KJ / mol [see "CRC Napoffoof Chemistr apd Prusys", 79th Editiop, 1999, CRC Press LLC, David R. Lide Editor-ip-Schief, Test 5: Thermoselftel, Utility, in chemistry and physics ", 79th edition, 1999, CRC Press LLC, editor-in-chief David P. Lide, Section 5: Thermochemistry, electrochemistry and kinetics, Table:" Enthalpy of electrolyte solutions ")].

All substances that dissolve with the absorption of heat, both in this and in other embodiments of the invention, can be used in the form of powder, granules or in any other form.

Other Embodiments of the Invention An absorbent article 1 for absorbing liquid secretions of an organism according to another embodiment (FIG. 3) differs from the aforementioned embodiment in that an endothermic reaction substance 5 is distributed directly in the absorbent layer 4 directly below the surface of the absorbent layer facing liquid permeable to the coating 2. In this case, the substance 5 is distributed in the layer of absorbent 4 so that the distribution density of this substance 5 is maximum near or on the surface 7 of the absorbent layer and decreases with increasing distance from this surface 7 to the depth of the absorbent layer 4, which is shown in Fig. 3 by changing the distances between the horizontal hatching lines. The substance 5 can be distributed in the layer of absorbent 4 with the same density, can be located under the surface 7 of the absorbent 4 (not shown in the drawings). The location and amount of mass of substance 5 in the product 1 is determined by the required parameters of speed and degree of cooling. The parameters of the liquid-permeable coating 2 are selected from the condition of ensuring a sufficient degree of transfer of the cooling effect of the substance 5 reacting with the released liquid to the human body.

The proposed absorbent article 1 can be placed, for example, in a baby diaper 8 with Velcro fasteners 9 (Fig. 4).

Here is an abbreviated list of known substances having a positive enthalpy that ensure the passage of an endothermic reaction when dissolved in liquids. The list is taken from the above reference publication ["CRC Napbook оf Chemistru apd Русіссs", 79th Editiop, 1999, CRC Рresss LLC, David R. Lide Еditog-ip-Schiеf, Sсtiop 5: Тhermoshеmistrеpеlеpеt, Еpulite, solutiop о Елесtrоlуtеs ")]: - ammopium сhloride ammonium chloride NH4C1 enthalpy 14.8

KJ / mol; /

- ammmopium ammonium nitrite NH4NO2 19.25 KJ / mol;

- tetramethulamopium bromide tetramethylammonium bromide N (CH3) 4Br 24.27 KJ / mol; - tetramethulamopium iodide tetramethylammonium iodide N (CH3) 4I 42.7

KJ / mol;

- silvеtite silver nitrite AgNO2 36.94 KJ / mol;

- silver pitrate silver nitrate AgNOZ 22.59 KJ / mol;

- sodium bromide dihydrate sodium bromide NaBr-2H2O 18.64 KJ / mol; - sodium bromate sodium bromate NaBrOZ 26.9 KJ / mol;

- sodium acid sodium nitrite NaNO2 13.89 KJ / mol; - sodium nitrate sodium nitrate NaNOZ 20.5 KJ / mol; - potassium bromide KBr 19.87 KJ / mol;

- rotassium nitrate potassium nitrate КNОЗ 34.89 KJ / mol.

For known substances providing the passage of an endothermic reaction, the dissolution enthalpy value is from 54 to 143 percent of the above enthalpy value for ammonium nitrate. This ensures the achievement of the claimed technical result using these substances, which consists in cooling the reacting solution, while adjusting the cooling parameters by using the above-described design features of the absorbent product and changing the amount of reactant placed in the product.

Industrial applicability

The absorbent product 1 operates and is used as follows. The use of an absorbent product 1 is demonstrated by the example of a baby diaper 8 (Fig. 4), designed for a seven-year-old person (test subject) and made on the basis of a diaper of the Swedish company Libero, the size of the extergarge. In this case, the product 1 is made according to the variant depicted in Fig. 1, 2, with overall dimensions of 70x120x9 mm. As absorbent 4, fluff pulp with a layer thickness of 5 mm was used. As substance 5, powdered ammonium nitrate wrapped in gauze was used, with a layer thickness of 4 mm, weighing 35 grams. The gauze acts as a liquid-permeable coating 2. An additional liquid-impermeable layer 6 is made in the form of a polyethylene film 0.5 mm thick, the dimensions of which are 5x10 mm in plan. The amount of liquid released was approximately 150 ml.

When put on the test diaper 8 (Fig. 4), the absorbent article 1 (Fig. 1) with ammonium nitrate as substance 5 has a temperature of about 29 ⁰ C (± 3 - 5%). The liquid released from the body of the test person passes through a liquid-permeable coating 2 to substance 5, entering into an endothermic reaction with it. Then the reacted liquid then enters the absorbent layer 4 and is absorbed in the usual way. During the reaction of the liquid with the substance 5, the temperature of the reacting solution first rises (Fig. 5) for about 1 minute to 33 ⁰ N due to the fact that the temperature of the liquid released is equal to the temperature of the human body, and then drops to 19 ⁰ C for 4 minutes, then within 20 minutes the temperature of the product slowly increases to a normal value of 29 ⁰ C. During the above use of the product 1, the subject felt cold and uncomfortable.

The list of reference signs to the drawings for the international PCT application for invention

"Absorbent product"

1 - absorbent product.

2 - liquid permeable coating.

3 - fluid retention layer.

4 - absorbent layer.

5 - a substance that ensures the passage of the endothermic reaction when fluid is released from the body into the absorbent article.

6 - additional liquid impervious layer.

7 - the upper surface of the absorbent 4.

8 - baby diaper.

9 - Velcro fasteners baby diaper 9.

Replacement sheet

Claims

Claim

1. An absorbent article (1) for absorbing liquid secretions of the body, including a liquid-permeable coating (2), a liquid-impermeable retaining layer (3) and an absorbent layer (4) placed between them and a means (5) that reacts with liquid secretions of the body, characterized in that the substance (5) used to ensure the passage of the endothermic reaction is used as the indicated agent.

2. An absorbent product (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance

(5), ensuring the passage of the endothermic reaction, is formed as a separate layer placed between the liquid-permeable coating (2) and the absorbent layer (4).

3. An absorbent product (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that an additional liquid-tight barrier layer is introduced into it

(6), partially separating the absorbent layer (4) and the layer of substance (5), ensuring the passage of the endothermic reaction.

4. An absorbent article (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance (5) that provides the endothermic reaction is distributed in the absorbent layer (4) mainly directly below the surface (2) of the absorbent layer facing the liquid-permeable coating.

5. An absorbent article (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance (5), ensuring the passage of the endothermic reaction, is distributed in the absorbent layer (4) so that the distribution density in this substance (5) is maximum near or on the reverse side to the liquid-permeable coating of the surface (7) of the absorbent layer (4) and decreases with increasing distance from this surface (7) to the depth of the absorbent layer (4).

6. Absorbent product (1) according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterized in that as a substance (5), providing passage

Replacement sheet endothermic reaction, use, for example, ammonium nitrate or urea.

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