WO2006021464A1

WO2006021464A1 - Method for the operation of systems comprising media changing their state, device, and use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2006021464A1
Application number: PCT/EP2005/009601
Authority: WO
Inventors: Karl Heinz Gast
Original assignee: Karl Heinz Gast
Priority date: 2004-08-21
Filing date: 2005-08-22
Publication date: 2006-03-02
Also published as: EP1797375A1; DE102004041785A1; US20080093050A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating systems comprising media that change their state, such as heat pumps, cooling systems, differential pressure drives in which the change/s of state occur/s in or on heat transfer media in a storage device and changes of state take place in a colder and a warmer zone according to the temperature, said zones being chargeable and dischargeable. Also disclosed are advantageous further developments of such a method. The invention further relates to a device in which heat-exchanging units are composed of two shells that are placed on top of each other and form an interior space. Furthermore, disclosed is the use of the inventive method and device for cooling and heating purposes. The aim of the invention is to improve efficiency while reducing the amount of material used, extending the regenerative use of heat and cold, and increasing the usefulness for users.

Description

Procedures for operating systems with aggregate state changing media and equipment, as well as use

The invention relates to a method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, such as heat pumps, cooling systems, differential pressure drives and units for aggregate state changing units, as well as the use of the method and the device. The general state of the art is in heat pumps or steam generating

Equipment heat exchangers used to vaporize and liquefy the heat transfer media. In this case, two different heat transfer media are guided past each other at the heat exchangers. Such devices require the design of the heat exchanger according to the desired peak power with the necessary exchange surface or flow rate and the required material cost. During operation with media routed past heat exchangers, the heat or cold can not be utilized. For example, in a heat pump, the cooled medium d. H. the cold was not used. In cooling systems, this is the reverse. Starting from a method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, such as heat pumps, cooling areas, differential pressure drives, according to the preamble of claim 1, the invention is based on the object, while avoiding the disadvantages of the known heat transfer in such systems, the method so that The energy-exchanging units can be designed so that this material can be performed sparingly and the system receives better efficiency. Here, the energy required for liquefaction and evaporation should be used as optimally as possible. Furthermore, the energy required for this purpose should be obtained as regeneratively as possible and stored energies should be stored or otherwise made available.

Erfϊndungsgemäß the object is achieved by the method specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, namely the fact that the or the physical state change in a storing device in or on heat transfer media done and aggregate state changes are carried out according to the temperature in each case in a colder and in a warmer zone wherein the zones are loadable and dischargeable.

These may include, for example, a condenser or an evaporator or both, depending on which of the operating modes, such as heat pumps, cooling or differential pressure operation, is used due to the temperature level or demand. As a result, the resulting Temperturniveau be stored for further use or an additional regenerative temperature level for the operating modes and the supply can be used. Advantageous developments of the method are specified in claims 2 to 24. The invention also provides a device for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, mainly according to one or more of claims 1 to 24 which mutatis mutandis, the same object is the same as the method. This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 25, namely the fact that heat exchanging units consist of two successive shells, which form an interior. As a result, the required pressures can be maintained and a high heat exchange performance material saving and envelope surfaces can be achieved optimized.

Advantageous developments of this device are specified in claims 25 to 31. Furthermore, the subject of the invention is a use of devices and / or methods in the form that they are used for the heat exchange of supply of cold areas and / or heat areas or for heat exchanging energy input and output, and for pressure vessels.

With the aforementioned devices, methods, the advantages described below are achieved. The stock productivity of the heat exchanging units is increased, i. These are optimized in terms of pressure and heat exchange material, so that it is achieved with low material usage high functionality in terms of heat exchange and pressure level. Furthermore, compared to the conventional operation of physical state changing systems components can be saved, such as pumps, valves, alternating or operating modes dependent condenser and / or evaporator. The use of such methods increases the efficiency and degree of utilization of heating systems and mechanical energy generators for power generation or compression. Above all, this can be done with renewable energy.

For this purpose, however, several inventive developments had to be supplemented in order to be able to run such a method reliably. For example, different Wäπnespeicherflüssigkeiten are required for this, which minimize the risk of frost and cooking. The execution of heat exchanging units, which ensure an optimal heat exchange in almost all liquid levels was necessary. For standard coiled tube heat exchangers, which could be integrated into a reservoir for aggregate state change, the problem of reducing heat exchange performance by decreasing contact with heat exchange surface at reduced liquid level is particularly acute. Furthermore, layered or temperature space stored refrigeration energy is not yet known, but for systems where this is used for economic applications required. With it and with Provisioning equipment for refrigeration is also beneficial to the economic provision of refrigeration with optional temperature

In the following, the device and the method with reference to the drawings will be explained in more detail by way of example. In the drawing shows partly in schematic representation: Figurl: Storage device with integrated state of aggregation changing units Figure 2: State of aggregation cascading units

One of the task according to the execution of a system with state of aggregation changing media, Figure 1 shows an example. Therein are storing devices (1, 2) with storage heat carrier media (17, 24) with an integrated aggregate state changing units (7, 9). The storage heat transfer medium (17, 24) may, for example, be a fluid, wherein this fluid can be regeneratively heated or filled via supply (5, 20) and discharge (29, 21). For example, with heat from a solar collector and / or geothermal energy. In this case, a high or low temperature level is brought into the device thus storing with a layer loading and provision device (3, 25, 18, 19) and at the same time an optional temperature is made available from the storing device. The two storing devices are advantageously insulated from each other heat (16).

The aggregate state changing media are located in the heat exchanging units (7, 9). According to the invention, these also store the state of matter changing media, which for example consist of propane or butane or a mixture of the two. The aggregate state changing units (7, 9) are connected by lines (11, 12, 13) and are separable from each other with valves (6, 14). In a connecting line (12,13) is a compressor (8) and in the other connecting line (10) driven by flow of small turbine (10), vorgenanten components with a switching device (15) are switched according to the function. Depending on the function of the arrangement, the units of state (7, 9) which change state of matter also receive changing functions with regard to liquefaction and evaporation. In conventional heat pumps and refrigeration units, a heat exchanger always has the same function and the storage of the energy state of at least one side is not provided there. This is also advantageous for specific devices, since the heat transfer media are led past the heat exchangers with a large surface area for a high exchange rate. In a heat pump operation with the storing devices (1, 2) and the

However, state of matter changing units (7, 9) can also store the energy state of both sides in a colder and in a warmer zone. In this example, the warmer zone is in the so-storing device (1) and the colder zone in the storing device (2), whereby the heat energy usefully in the storing device (2) as by a liquid from a Geowärmespeicherwärmetauscher. The storing device (2) could also be located directly as a storage heat exchanger in a geological underground. This is rtoπomihor ViarL-nmmKnhar TWΗniLr ohpnfallo τrr> rfo »ilhnftϊ» r Aa firahnncreai + if-it «-n fnr Warm *» taiiof> lif »r especially with geologically difficult to access underground or already created land is facilitated and minimized. The division of the storage into an insulated storage device (2) and into a heat exchanging storage device additionally enables the utilization of the refrigeration temperature profile generated by the evaporation in the unit state changing unit (7) and storable with the layering and supply device by circulation of the frost-proof heat storage fluid (17), for example of oil or a water glycol mixture in heat exchangers in rooms or cabinets to be cooled. The increased heat is achieved by compressing the evaporation agent with the compressor (8) into the heat exchange unit (9), the valve (14) allowing only a flow towards the heat exchange unit (9) and relaxing the compressed gas with the valve (9). 6) and the turbine (10) in the storing device (9). The valves have in the prior art mechanically fixed functions with respect to backflow prevention and throttling. By means of the switchable valves (14, 6) and the switching unit (15), the above-mentioned functions of variable design with regard to the pressure maintenance and pressure reduction or the back flow prevention can be canceled. Variable pressure functions are provided by means of the pressure sensors (27, 26). Backflow prevention is achieved in this arrangement by measuring pressure changes and releasing the valve in the case of flow making changes (14). But also with an additional measurement of the pressure at the compressor outlet is the backflow prevention and an exact Adjustment of pressure generation possible.

By recovering the energy obtained during the expansion with a turbine, a high efficiency of the heat pump is achieved More advantageous is the regenerative generation of electrical energy over a mechanically driven pre-compression, since electric generators have high efficiencies and the relaxation can be done regardless of the compression with recovery and so that it can also be used to generate electrical energy in a differential pressure operation. The switching device (15) switches the processes depending on the measured pressures (26, 27) whereby a corresponding temperature level in the storing devices (1, 2) are generated. The stored state-changing media in the heat exchange units (7, 9) allow operation in a wide pressure range, so that the different temperature levels and thus loading a vaporizing storing device in a wide temperature range, so that in addition to geothermal heat and waste heat or solar heat with this Device can be brought to a usable heat level, so that accumulating heat from diffuse radiation and lower temperatures from geothermal extraction can be used with the same system with high efficiency. The refrigeration requirement is but to take into account what the arrangement of the inlet and outlet lines (20, 21) but allows, since the cold, for example, is lower storable than the supply and removal is arranged for the Krriwärme. Like sr.hiohthar, Snit can hear Hif »Wäriτippr7Piiminii \ vmτ Listen Heat requirements are kept independent of refrigeration demand and the cold are provided in several temperature levels.

The working pressure points of the evaporation and liquefaction can be much further apart by the storage, whereby the turbine can be operated optimally and the interaction of compression and relaxation is independent of each other. Also, the clocked operation of a heat pump, i. in time-separated phases is thereby possible, which also electrical energy from solar radiation can be better used for the compression, and solar radiation pauses can be at least partially bridged with the turbine. Furthermore, the clocked operation allows a certain decoupling of refrigeration demand and heat demand, so that thermal limitations or cooling restrictions can be bridged, for example, by the limited storage capacity.

Overall, such a device provides not only heat but also refrigeration for use, so that the efficiency increases as, for example, the energy requirement for the cold is eliminated and the energy regeneratively or partially regeneratively generated, so that the environmental impact can be reduced. Also, the use of the aggregates takes place several times for heat and cold, which also savings can be achieved.

The refrigeration unit operation differs from the heat pump operation in that the storage capacity is more displaced in the colder zone and that the warmer zone is also cooled, for example, with geothermal heat insofar as the accumulated heat is not needed. This is with the storing device (1) the Zu (28) and derivative (29) in the field of

Heat exchanging unit (9) possible, while still heat can be brought with the stratifying device (25) in the upper region. As a result, with high cooling demand cooling with high efficiency is possible and heat is also available. The system in Figure 1 is also operable in differential pressure mode. The required heat and cold, for example, also regenerative with solar heat or

Temperature level increased Geowärme or direct Geokälte or cold brought from the outside air in the storing device. The evaporation can then take place in the heat exchange unit (9) and the liquefaction by cooling in the heat exchange unit (7). By the stored aggregate state changing media, the pressure can be adjusted so that the evaporation and liquefaction is made possible with the achievable temperature difference between the storing devices. The liquid would then have to be pumped back. This can be advantageously avoided in a longer differential pressure operation or at all by the storage heat transfer fluids (17, 24) are exchanged with the charging and providing facilities and thereby the higher and lower temperature level of the storage devices is replaced. This can also be done during the state of aggregation changing operation. As a result, the generation of mechanical energy by the turbine (10) and thus of electrical energy by means of heat is possible, this temperature level is gently implemented, thus ensuring a good efficiency of power generation at low power and continuous operation, and the further use of heat. An additional storage of electrical energy then allows the energy balance between day and night and possibly further load periods by means of small electrical storage. As a result, and by the use of the device for heating and refrigeration, the economic application for heating air conditioning, cooling and freezing and energy conversion is given at low environmental impact. Figure 2 shows the heat exchanging unit for the physical state changes (7, 9) in an expanded and improved form. The problem with the heat exchange is that on the one hand high pressures must be maintained and the largest possible heat exchange surface is available. This is nowadays usually solved with Rohrwäπnetauschern, but have the disadvantage that they occupy a large area in storage facilities and little storage volume for the Physical state provide changing media. A spherical or cylindrical shape would be ideal for pressure maintenance with low material costs. But to fill a heat exchanger over a wide width of the storage device would also require a large amount, which would be particularly detrimental in the storage of gas, since a large surface would be difficult to heat exchange available. According to the invention, therefore, a solution is proposed by means of two successive flat shells (33), which have expansion dimensions corresponding to the shape of the memory, so that at least the lower shell can directly evaporate the liquid and the upper shell by heat conduction over a short path brings additional heat exchange performance. The lower pressure stability of this form is compensated by connections of the shells (33) at intervals, which may advantageously be sleeves, so that through these sleeves a better convection of the storage medium (17, 24) is made possible. By attaching a double wall (36) or bodies (37) with liquid and gas line to and from the outer wall (33) also the pressure stability and the simultaneous heat conduction, as well as a small wall thickness and thus a high heat exchange performance is achieved have a round or elongated shape with recesses which form an interior, which form short paths from the large outer surface into the internal medium, so that the heat exchange is optimal.

By cascading such flat heat storage exchanger, the storing device for the respective heat exchange performance can be extended. It is advantageous that at least one compound (30) is liquid level-retaining, whereby the heat exchange with gas participation always have several storage heat exchanger in contact with liquid. As a result, with the above-mentioned embodiments of the method and the device with high storage capacity of gas and liquid, a high heat exchange capacity and high pressure load can also be achieved Storage heat exchangers in the manner described are also useful as a mere complement in other storage facilities, for example, for pressurized hot water or pressurized heat storage medium.

The method claimed for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, such as heat pumps, cooling systems, differential pressure drives, that the or the state of aggregation in a storing device (1, 2) in or on heat transfer media (17, 24) carried out and aggregate state change in accordance with the temperature in each case a colder and in a warmer zone, where the zones are loadable and dischargeable (5, 29, 9, 7, 20, 21, 22, 23) can be used for heat-powered, cooling systems, or differential pressure operated fluid mechanical drives. For this purpose, the combination of such systems to a heat storage device is useful, especially if they are divided into zones and thus different temperature levels can be produced and implemented useful. For this purpose, the advantageous development of the method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media that aggregate state change in one of heat storage media (17, 24) adjacent heat exchanging unit (7, 9), such as storage heat exchanger, media collection takes place, also useful. Since then the vorbebeifuhren of media with heat energy, as is the case in the prior art, the case is avoided for both sides and thereby existing heat exchange systems with solar technology or waste heat can supply heat and cold and the implementation of energy can be independent of time. Also by storing the aggregate state changing media in the

Heat exchanging units result in new operating methods, for example, a range of more tolerant control of the energy conversion by the construction and degradation of gas pressures. For this purpose, however, facilities according to claims 25 to 31 are required. Also useful is the method that the aggregate state changing units (7, 9) and / or joints (11, 12, 13) between them are liquid and gas collecting formed and arranged so that a natural exchange can take place. As a result, the efficiency is improved, including, however, the storing zones are also arranged with difference in height. Further developing the method that aggregate state changing units (7, 9) and the adjacent heat storage media (17, 24) in an insulating space (1, 2) or storage space are integrated. As a result, the zones can be built adjacent and kept at their temperature, which can not be done for a long time without supply of temperature level in a pure stratification. The use of storage capacities, for example in earthen areas, is facilitated by the integration of the units in storage spaces and more economical. The fact that the aggregate state changing units (7, 9) in different

Isolation chambers (1, 2) are located, high temperature differences can be realized for storage. The procedure that contains frost-prone or cooking zones (1, 2) or connected exchange systems as a heat storage medium or heat transfer medium oil or a water glycol mixture or gas allows operation and replacement especially for the use of freezing temperatures or high temperatures. But also a tolerant heat pump function with regard to temperature level and pressure level without danger of frost at further

Replacement possibility of the storage heat carrier is possible. Otherwise, additional or other heat transfer or heat storage media or protective media may be included, such as water, latency storage media, solid storage, for example, to obtain high storage capacity at low temperatures. With the method of operating media-changing systems that heat storage media between zones (1, 2) and / or heat exchange systems are interchangeable, the layers of the temperature zones can be changed. As a result, the natural exchange of physical state changing media is enabled in multiple operating functions. Also advantageous is the method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, that aggregate state changing units (7, 8) and / or the storing devices (1,2) are cascaded. As a result, especially for the heat pump operation different temperature groups can be maintained and the pumping done in stages, whereby the efficiency is increased. By means of the method that the cascading of aggregate state changing units fluid-retaining (30), the heat exchange performance of the cascading can be kept independent of the level of the liquid.

With the method that the cascading is carried out by at least one series connection of colder zone and warmer zone, for example, the natural exchange of aggregate state changing or storing media can also be maintained during the cascading. Operating benefit also brings the method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media that heat from and in an aggregate state changing units (7, 9) and / or storing devices (l, 2) temperature selectable removable and loadable (3, 18, 19, 25). As a result, for example, the storage temperature can be adapted to the respective use and heat supply phases, which also increases the efficiency. Also useful for economic operation is the method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, that the relaxation and / or compression of the physical state changing units (7, 9) is temperature-dependent. Application gain brings the method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, that is discharged from an aggregate state changing device heat and cold or electrical (8) or mechanical energy (8). As a result, for example, larger cold rooms can be created, which, for example, modern basement for

Ingredients are to be used for irinotitis anr. H. Intznmσ \ mn Irnctenaiinctin cr% a; rΛ, a * u _n ~ _a ~ Solar energy for the generation of electrical energy supports the regeneration of this form of energy and helps to apply it as well.

Specifically, the method of operating systems with aggregate state alternating media that the loading and / or unloading (5, 29, 9, 20, 21, 22, 23, 7) of the zones (1,2) is regenerative, such as with solar panels, Geothermal, earth cold, air (37, 38), allows the extension of the

Application benefit or cost reduction of energy in terms of environment and health, as well as finances. But also waste heat can be used better. Even phases with low energy supply can be bridged cost-effectively and with high comfort by feeding them with conventional stand-by heating systems, thus enabling supply-safe systems.

Reducing costs is the procedure for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, that the loading and / or unloading of zones (1, 2) with gas, such as air, exhaust gas and the heat or cold by passing (37, 38) directly on or transferred from a Wärmespeicherflüssϊgkeit. As a result, heat exchangers can be saved. However, the pressure conditions must be taken into account, so that the passage is worthwhile only at similar pressures. A protective liquid (39) protects the heat storage fluid and the storing device from oxygen entry and thus from corrosion.

Dätlich for operating systems with aggregate state changing media is the method that is switched at the risk of frost of a regenerative generator by Wäπneentnahme to another generator and / or heat excess temperature level in an endangered generator is supplied. As a result, for example, the system efficiency is improved. The fact that the method of operating systems with aggregate state changing media, the aggregate state changing media for compression support are extended into heat, the number of work of heat pumps can be improved. This can be achieved, for example, by attaching described heat exchanging units in a corresponding temperature range of a memory or the storing device (1,2) and passage of the state of matter changing medium. Again, the storage of these media can be used for heat exchange, which costs for the heat exchange can be saved. This is mainly due to the method of operating systems with aggregate state changing media that allows the aggregate state of changing media to be stored. Furthermore, this allows a tolerant operation in terms of pressure and temperature, and thus also an optimal adaptation to the heat demand with respect to Temperatuπύveau or heat volume or the needs of other forms of energy. In particular, the method of operating systems with aggregate state changing media, that the aggregate state changing media are used to increase the pressure, allows to improve the efficiency of the energy conversions, as the Druckanhihihuinσ with »n» nβrn * ^; . ™ Heat can take place. This is achieved by correspondingly variably controlled valves, which can hold different pressure differences between heat exchange units, or by adding additional containers which aggregate state changing media from the circulation or add. Particularly favorable for economic use, the method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media that at least 2 of the following modes in an aggregate state changing system are operable: heat pump operation, refrigeration mode, differential pressure drive operation. This allows the production of electrical energy from heat using units for the operating modes. Also advantageous is the method that aggregates or memory from a refrigeration system or

Heat pump system can be used for a differential pressure operation or vice versa. As a result, the differential pressure operation is more economically feasible and heat pump operation and cooling operation can functionally benefit from it. By means of the method of operating systems with aggregate state alternating media that electrical energy is stored from one of the modes, electrical energy can be recovered and utilized within the systems and used for example for auxiliary energy and electrical energy to the outside independent of the conversion rate of energy to Will be provided. Beneficial is the method that in heat pump operation or refrigeration operation, the relaxation energy is converted into mechanical energy and this energy is reused, such as by mechanically driving a generator that supplies the compression drive with energy or drives a pre-compression. As a result, the efficiency or the number of working is improved and the delivery of electrical energy can be supported with these units. With the method of operating systems with aggregate state changing media that the produced heat of the compressor is utilized, such as by feeding into a storage device (1,2) or for delivery to a connected exchange device, the energy is optimally utilized and the efficiency of Plant is improved. The feed can be done by a housing surrounded by the storage heat transfer medium or a heat transfer medium by means of natural convection or by passage into the storing device (1,2) or in an exchange circulation.

The provision that the heat exchanging units (7, 9) take place by means of two shells (33) mounted one on top of the other can also provide the heat exchanging units with pressure stability and storage capability and can also be adapted to the formation of heat zones or cold zones, wherein also a stratification within the zones is made possible in compact dimensions. With liquid media containing or changing heat media, with this shaping, an installation position or installation position can be kept tolerant, since only slight heat transfer is possible due to changes in position. _" " ~ + ~ * ~ ^I - Furthermore, such units can be carried out over a large area, whereby, for example, the application is given in heat exchanging exchangers of a heating system. In such applications, the mounting position is independent and gas inclusions can be avoided, whereby the heat exchange performance can be kept constant. Other layers than in the figures can be realized with other attachment of the inlets and outlets and depending on the application feasible and with advantages in terms of heat conduction over short distances and with storing recording and delivery of heat is providable. For example, geothermal can be obtained by little earth movement with such heat exchange units. For the optimal use of materials, the device is favorable in that the media receiving units increase surfaces and pressure stabilizing. As a result, the heat exchange over a larger area and by a corresponding embodiment of the area enlargement Druckstabüität is additionally increased, whereby thin walls can be realized and thereby the heat exchange performance is also improved. This brings in particular the device that the pressure maintenance and / or surface enlargement by means of surface parallel to the surface (35) or body (36) takes place, which are liquid and vapor permeable. As a result, high stability is achieved at the same time high heat exchange performance and high heat conduction into the interior of the media receiving unit. The fact that the surface enlargement and pressure stabilization is done by means of pressed edges in the wall, the stability is increased with thin walls

The device that the press-in edges are semi-honeycomb structured, allows additional stability and surface enlargement through the structure.

By means of the device that the half-honeycomb forms are changing from the press-in, approximately honeycomb stability is achieved by a corresponding displacement, with the advantage that such structures are pressed.

Further advantageous developments are caused by the device that a pressure stabilization (28) and / or surface enlargement of the media receiving units by means of heat storage media, such as by integration in fluid pressure accumulator. Here, the fluid pressure takes over part of the pressure stabilization for safety and the fluid heat conduction. Also by the storage in solid storage media or the partial storage or by fastening and Wärmeleiteinrϊchtungen example glands, brackets also by sleeves, the pressure stability is increased and by a design that these means are arranged to conduct heat and constructive so that in addition one significant Wärmeleitleistung or convection relief is possible. For example, sleeves are designed as a guide for a screw connection and in addition the sleeve is made so large that convection can take place through the sleeve, as a result of which large-area heat exchange units are quasi are interrupted and the convection can take shorter paths and thus a better natural exchange of media takes place.

It is beneficial for the application that devices and methods according to claims 1 to 29 are used for the heat exchange supply of cooling areas and / or heat areas or for heat exchanging energy input and output.

Different degrees of cold and heat can be used in different areas such as compartments, cabinets and rooms. For example, freezing, cooling, air conditioning, heating, heating, heating. Areas remote from the storage device may be provided with fluid exchange devices and heat exchange units of the type according to the invention.

The use of the heat exchanging devices and methods is for each Wärmeenergieaufhahme or dispensing for pressure vessels for the reasons described inventive advantageous because the structural design improves the required properties and this material saving and operating costs low. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 storing device

2 storing device

3 Charging and Beretstellungseinrichtung

4 insulation 5 fluid inlet / outlet

6 expansion valve / sealing valve

7 State of aggregation changing unit

8 compressor / differential pressure drive

9 gas converter 10 turbine

11 Line for physical state changing medium

12 Line for physical state changing medium

13 Line for physical state changing medium

14 sealing valve / expansion valve 15 switching element

16 insulation

17 heat storage medium

18 charging and Beretstellungseinrichtung

19 Charging and Beretstellungseinrichtung 20 Fluidzu / derivative

21 fluid supply / discharge

22 fluid inlet / outlet 23 fluid supply / discharge

24 thermal storage medium

25 Charging and Beretstellungseinrichtung

26 Pressure measurement 27 Pressure measurement

28 pressure stabilization

29 fluid inlet / outlet

30 line connection for cascading

31 Level control 32 Line connection

33 bowls

34 line connection

35 area stabilization

36 Body stabilization 37 Fluid supply / discharge

38 fluid supply / discharge

39 protective liquid

Claims

claims

1. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media, such as heat pumps, cooling systems, differential pressure drives, characterized in that the or the state of aggregation state in a storing device (1, 2) in or on heat transfer media (17, 24) done and state of matter changes according to Temperature in each case in a colder and in a warmer zone are performed, the zones are loadable and dischargeable (5, 29, 9, 7, 20, 21, 22, 23).

2. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to claim l, characterized in that state of aggregation state in or on heat storage media (17, 24) adjacent heat exchanging unit (7, 9), such as storage heat exchanger, media collection takes place.

3. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the aggregate state changing units (7, 9) and / or compounds (11, 12, 13) are formed and arranged therebetween liquid and Gassammelnd so that a natural exchange can take place.

4. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that aggregate state changing units (7, 9) and the adjacent heat storage media (17, 24) in an insulating space (1, 2) or storage space are integrated. 5. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the physical state changing units (7, 9) in different isolation spaces (1, 2) are located.

6. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims I to 5, characterized in that frost endangered or cooking zones (1, 2) or connected exchange systems as a heat storage medium or heat transfer medium oil or a water glycol mixture or gas.

7. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to β characterized in that heat storage media between zones (1, 2) and / or heat exchange systems are interchangeable. 8. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims I to 7, characterized in that aggregate state changing units (7, 8) and / or the storing devices (1,2) are cascaded. 9. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims l to δ, characterized in that the cascading of physical state changing units fluid retaining (30). 10. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cascading is carried out by at least one series connection of colder zone and warmer zone.

11. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims I to 10, characterized in that heat from and in an aggregate state changing units (7, 9) or storing device (1,2) temperature selectable removable and loadable (3, 18, 19, 25).

12. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims l to ll characterized in that the relaxation and / or compression of the physical state changing units (J, 9) is temperature-dependent.

13. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that from an aggregate state changing device heat and cold or electrical (8) or mechanical energy (8) is delivered.

14. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the loading and / or unloading (5, 29, 9, 20, 21, 22, 23, 7) of the zones ( 1,2) is regenerative, as with solar panels, geothermal, ground cold, air (37, 38). 15. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the loading and / or unloading of the zones (1, 2) with gas, such as air, exhaust gas takes place and the heat or cold is transferred by passing on (37, 38) directly to or from a heat storage fluid.

16. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims I to l5, characterized in that at the risk of frost of a regenerative generator is switched by heat removal to another generator and / or supplied at excess heat temperature level in an endangered generator.

17. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the aggregate state changing media for compacting support are expanded into heat.

18. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the state of aggregation changing media are kept stored.

19. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the stored state of aggregation changing media are used to increase the pressure. 20. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims I to l9, characterized in that at least 2 of the following modes in an aggregate state changing system are operable: heat pump operation, refrigeration operation, differential pressure operation. 2 L method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that units or storage from a refrigeration system or heat pump system are used for a Dififerenzdruckbetrieb or vice versa.

22. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that electrical

Energy from at least one of the operating modes is stored.

23. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims I to 22, characterized in that in heat pump operation or refrigeration operation, the relaxation energy is converted into mechanical energy and this energy is reused, such as by mechanical drive

Generator, which supplies the compression drive with energy or drives a pre-compression or the energy is stored for consumption.

24. A method for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the heat produced by the compressor is utilized, such as by feeding into a storing device (1,2) or for delivery to a connected exchange device.

25 device mainly for operating systems with physical state changing media, especially for devices according to the method of claim l, characterized in that heat exchanging units (7, 9) consist of two successive shells (33), which form an interior.

26. Device mainly for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to claim 25, characterized in that the media receiving units surfaces are increased and pressure holding.

27 device mainly for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to claim 26, characterized in that the pressure maintenance and / or

Surface enlargement by means of surfaces parallel to the surface, body takes place, which are liquid and vapor permeable.

28 device mainly for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to claim 26, characterized in that the surface enlargement and pressure retention by means of pressed edges into the wall. 29 device, mainly for driving systems with aggregate state changing media, according to claim 28, characterized in that the press-in edges are structured semi-honeycomb.

30. Device mainly for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to claim 29, characterized in that the half-honeycomb forms are changing from the press-in.

3 L device mainly for operating systems with aggregate state changing media according to claim 26, characterized in that a pressure retention (28) and / or surface enlargement of the media receiving units by means of heat storage media, such as by integration in fluid pressure accumulator or by storage in Feststoffspeicheπnedien the partial storage or by fastening and Wärmeleiteinrichtungen example glands, brackets also by sleeves.

32. Equipment and method according to claims I to 31, characterized in that they are used for heat exchange supply of Kältebereϊchen and / or heat ranges or for heat exchanging energy intake and delivery, and for pressure vessels.