WO2006017885A1 - Systeme de panneau collecteur solaire - Google Patents

Systeme de panneau collecteur solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006017885A1
WO2006017885A1 PCT/AU2005/001199 AU2005001199W WO2006017885A1 WO 2006017885 A1 WO2006017885 A1 WO 2006017885A1 AU 2005001199 W AU2005001199 W AU 2005001199W WO 2006017885 A1 WO2006017885 A1 WO 2006017885A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
absorber
heat
temperature
figures
solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2005/001199
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006017885B1 (fr
Inventor
Bodgan Goczynski
Zbigniew Maderski
Original Assignee
Bodgan Goczynski
Zbigniew Maderski
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2004904639A external-priority patent/AU2004904639A0/en
Application filed by Bodgan Goczynski, Zbigniew Maderski filed Critical Bodgan Goczynski
Priority to US11/791,951 priority Critical patent/US20090025709A1/en
Priority to EP05771773.8A priority patent/EP1834136A4/fr
Priority to AU2005274670A priority patent/AU2005274670B2/en
Publication of WO2006017885A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006017885A1/fr
Publication of WO2006017885B1 publication Critical patent/WO2006017885B1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0015—Domestic hot-water supply systems using solar energy
    • F24D17/0021—Domestic hot-water supply systems using solar energy with accumulation of the heated water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/503—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by paired plates, only one of which is plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/55—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/74—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other
    • F24S10/748—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/30—Auxiliary coatings, e.g. anti-reflective coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S2080/03—Arrangements for heat transfer optimization
    • F24S2080/05—Flow guiding means; Inserts inside conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the solar collector described below has been developed as a means to save hot water bills in a private household, without any prior knowledge of the existing designs. Apart from hot water it can be used in a variety of applications including space heating and horticulture.
  • FIG. 1 The design uses a standard solar glass cover as found in existing flat panel collectors.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the operating principles of the presented solar panel.
  • thermodynamics see Appendix 1
  • the direct absorption of solar energy is more efficient than the indirect heat transfer as common in the commercially available designs.
  • the collector contains the fluid directly under its practically whole surface, which is not the case in the existing designs.
  • the high volume of fluid lowers the absorber temperature thus increasing the transfer of energy.
  • This is a known phenomenon in physics that flow of energy (efficiency) increases with the temperature difference.
  • the example is the car engine, which for proper operation needs cooling and loses power when it overheats.
  • the heat dissipation into the heat exchanging fluid is improved by increasing the effective heat dissipating area of the absorber, through corrugation or heat dissipating ribs and through coating of the internal absorber surface with the radiation enhancing material. It is discussed in more detail later.
  • the efficiency is further improved by keeping the panel temperature uniform. This is achieved by horizontal arrangement of the circulating channels, preventing the heated fluid rising to the top as in the thermosiphon solutions. This efficiency improvement is more pronounced with respect to the panels with selective coating of the outside absorber surface, due to high temperature difference between the top and the bottom in the traditional type designs (see Appendix 2).
  • the temperature sensor located at the output of the collector panel measures temperature of the whole collector, rather than just the local temperature like in the thermosiphon designs. This is utilised in the sequential energy transfer discussed in Section 2.
  • the glass pane above the absorber prevents the air heated by the absorber from rising into the outside space, thus limiting heat loss through convection.
  • the bottom and side walls are insulated with a heat resistant styrofoam.
  • the absorber in the presented design has a dual function. Its purpose is not only to maximise the absorption of the solar energy but also to maximise heat dissipation into the fluid. This is achieved by corrugation and coating of both external and internal surfaces. In addition the absorber should be durable.
  • the cross-section A-A in Figure 1, apart from the fluid circulating channels, shows corrugation in the absorber improving the heat dissipation into the fluid.
  • the purpose of the corrugation is to increase the absorber area being in contact with the fluid thus increasing the heat transfer.
  • the concave design of the collector cross-section also improves the overall thermal conduction by making the layers of the heat exchanging fluid thinner. At the same time, the volume of fluid heated by a comparable absorber area if much higher than in the existing designs, thus resulting in a higher collector efficiency. While the effective radiation capture area is defined by the outline of the absorber and does not increase with corrugation, the corrugation will increase the heat dissipation into the fluid.
  • the absorber corrugation can be created by die forming from a sheet of metal and should agree with the flow of the fluid.
  • corrugation shown in Figure 1 cross-section, is only one of the ways to increase the heat dissipation area. This can also be achieved by attaching perpendicular ribs to the absorber as shown in Figure 5.
  • the inside surface of the absorber can be coated with a heat emission enhancing substance.
  • this can be a durable black paint.
  • it should be a coating with selective radiation properties in the infrared region, inverting the process of selective absorption of the outside surface.
  • the outside surface of the absorber can be covered with known selective material like black chrom or tinox or simple non-selective black paint.
  • the absorber plate needs to be reasonably thin to pose low thermal resistance, but at the same time maintaining reasonable rigidity. 0.5 mm stainless steel will meet these requirements, offering at the same time excellent durability. Although the rigidity of the absorber is helpful, it is not critical, as this function will be performed by the panel base. A degree of the absorber rigidity will also be provided by corrugation.
  • the panel base acts as a supporting frame for the absorber, while at the same time holding the heat exchanging fluid. It can be economically manufactured by die forming from sheet of metal. In this way, all the panel base features, like channel ridges and side walls, can be produced in one process.
  • the panel base material must be durable and easy to use in the manufacturing process. The same type of material as the absorber plate will facilitate welding, ensure the same thermal expansion coefficient, and reduce the risk of corrosion.
  • Stainless steel sheets meet the above requirements. Other material could be used providing that they meet the durability and manufacturability criteria.
  • the glass cover is to be made from standard low iron, solar toughened glass available from glass manufacturers. It passes approximately 92% of the solar energy and ensures good incidence angles. The glass cover is to be sealed to prevent condensation, which would reduce the effectiveness of the collector.
  • the absorber plate can be attached to the bottom part of the collector by spot welding.
  • the glass is mounted on supports attached to the panel frame.
  • the solar absorption is performed directly by the tubes. Their tight packing is essential to maximise the absorption. Due to the difficulty to achieve 180° pipe bending, the panel can be built by interweaving copper pipes using available fittings in the manner shown in the Figures 12, 13 and 14.
  • the obvious construction material is the copper tubes, which have very good thermal conductivity, are readily available with a range of fittings and are easy to join by soldering.
  • the tubes should have a reasonably small diameter to ensure fast heating of the fluid, but at the same time enabling proper fluid circulation. Cost is also a factor as the assembly and material will be more expensive in case of the lower diameter tubes.
  • the horizontal fluid circulation offers the same temperature distribution as the die formed panel. Although the exact volume of the fluid depends on the detailed design and might be lower due to space taken by the tube walls, it is still several times higher than in the available products.
  • the schematic diagram of the described system is shown in the Figure 15. This arrangement will allow, for example, the eastern collector to capture the morning sun, while the western collector would work in the afternoon.
  • the individual collector control will also enable more flexible system design and more efficient utilisation of sunshine on complex roofs. This solution is especially useful for space heating requiring solar collector system with larger area.
  • the control system compares the temperature of the individual collectors or the collector groups with the temperature of the hot water tank. When the collector temperature exceeds the temperature of the tank by a set difference, usually 6 0 C to 1O 0 C, the control system activates the pump and opens the valve belonging to a given collector or collector group.
  • Equation Al.1 ⁇ Ae ⁇ T 4 dt
  • T is the body temperature in Kelvins.
  • A is the area of the body.
  • ⁇ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant equal 5.67 10 "s (W/(m 2 K 4 ).
  • e is the emissivity determined by the body's surface, with value between 0 and 1.
  • the equivalent solar temperature is obtained as 364K, which is 91.26C. This temperature is reduced depending on the geographical latitude, date and the time of the day as those factors affect the length of the path in the atmosphere traversed by the sun rays. The temperature achieved by an object heated by unconcentrated solar radiation is further reduced by the atmospheric absorption.
  • the Stefan-Boltzmann equation further states that if there are two objects of temperature T 1 and T 2 and all the radiation of the first object is directed towards the second one and vice versa, then the power transferred between the objects will be:
  • equation A3 Taking e x as 1 for solar radiation, and using power density instead of power, equation A3) can be rewritten as:
  • T$ is the equivalent solar temperature
  • T a is the temperature of the absorber plate
  • e is the absorber emissivity which is equal to its absorptivity.
  • Equation A 1.4 Given the temperature distribution across the absorber plate, one can calculate the power absorbed by the collector by integrating Equation A 1.4 over the entire collector area.
  • the temperature can be assumed to be uniform and equal to the temperature of the fluid.
  • T(x) is the temperature distribution away from the riser tube.
  • T(b) is the temperature at point b
  • T s is the equivalent solar temperature
  • T t is the temperature of the tube b is the half distance between the riser tubes
  • the capital T is used to denote the temperature in Kelvins, while lower case t is used for temperature in 0 C.
  • the temperature distribution depends on the equivalent solar temperature, distance between the riser tubes and the thickness of the absorber plate. The thicker the plate, the lower is the temperature at distance b from the tube.
  • Figure A 1.3 shows the density of power received by the absorber for both cases, calculated using Equation Al.4.
  • the presented analysis is approximate, for example, does not take into account different heating rates in both collector types and the transfer of heat into the fluid. It is, however, sufficient to illustrate the principle of thermal systems that the efficiency of heat transfer increases with the difference in temperatures. In this case the temperatures are the equivalent solar temperature and the temperature of the absorber.
  • Figure A Tube and fins design. 11x 2
  • Equation A2.1 the power absorbed by the panel can be described by Equation A2.1.
  • thermosiphon panel In case of a thermosiphon panel, the temperature distribution can be described as in the Figure A2.2.
  • Pj is the local power density.
  • thermosiphon panel Based on Appendix I 5 the power absorbed by a thermosiphon panel can be described as:
  • thermosiphon panel T v the average temperature of a thermosiphon panel
  • the efficiency improvement of the panel with uniform temperature distribution over the thermosiphon panel can be calculated as

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un panneau collecteur solaire fondé sur l'absorption solaire directe. Ce panneau offre une efficacité considérablement plus élevée que les conceptions de tubes et d'ailettes classiques. L'échange de chaleur est amélioré par l'augmentation de la zone de dissipation de chaleur et par le revêtement de la surface intérieure absorbante à l'aide d'une couche d'amélioration de rayonnement. La conception de canaux sinueux de l'invention permet d'obtenir un volume plus élevé de fluide d'échange de chaleur, de réduire la température d'absorption, condition principale pour une efficacité maximale. L'invention permet également une distribution de température uniforme, et il a été démontré qu'une distribution de température uniforme de l'élément absorbant améliore l'efficacité. L'invention concerne un système doté d'un contrôle de panneau individuel permettant d'exploiter des pentes de toit différentes et le déplacement du soleil pendant la journée.
PCT/AU2005/001199 2004-08-17 2005-08-10 Systeme de panneau collecteur solaire WO2006017885A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/791,951 US20090025709A1 (en) 2004-08-17 2005-08-10 Direct Heated Solar Collector
EP05771773.8A EP1834136A4 (fr) 2004-08-17 2005-08-10 Systeme de panneau collecteur solaire
AU2005274670A AU2005274670B2 (en) 2004-08-17 2005-08-10 Direct Heated Solar Collector

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004904639A AU2004904639A0 (en) 2004-08-17 New solar collector panel
AU2004904639 2004-08-17
AU2004905238A AU2004905238A0 (en) 2004-09-13 New Solar Collector Panel Design
AU2004905238 2004-09-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006017885A1 true WO2006017885A1 (fr) 2006-02-23
WO2006017885B1 WO2006017885B1 (fr) 2006-03-30

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PCT/AU2005/001199 WO2006017885A1 (fr) 2004-08-17 2005-08-10 Systeme de panneau collecteur solaire

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US (1) US20090025709A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1834136A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006017885A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2328883A1 (es) * 2007-01-26 2009-11-18 Oscar Cabeza Gras Cremallera termica solar (solar thermal rack).
WO2010092231A1 (fr) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-19 Kone Corporation Cage d'ascenseur
FR2945860A1 (fr) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-26 Marine Tech Mediterranee Echangeur de chaleur realise a partir d'un panneau stratifie creux tridimensionnel

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8347877B2 (en) * 2009-02-19 2013-01-08 Mill Masters, Inc. Solar energy collecting system and method
WO2011000035A1 (fr) * 2009-07-03 2011-01-06 Denso Automotive Systems Australia Pty Ltd Panneaux collecteurs de chaleur solaire
US8561315B2 (en) 2010-06-02 2013-10-22 Legacy Design, Llc Solar grain drying system and method
AU2015284003B2 (en) * 2014-07-03 2020-01-02 Jay D. Fisher Solar energy system
EP3834282B1 (fr) 2018-08-11 2023-11-29 TYLL Solar, LLC Système d'énergie solaire

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GB1594711A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-08-05 Corbett J R G Method of control for multi-store solar heating systems
DE2825148A1 (de) * 1978-06-08 1979-12-13 Manfred Boening Sonnenenergieabsorber als dunkle absorptionsfluessigkeit in bzw. hinter klarsichtbehaeltern oder flaechen als waermetauscher
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DE2945350A1 (de) * 1979-11-09 1981-05-21 Vama Vertrieb Von Anlagen Und Maschinen Gmbh & Co Kg, 3200 Hildesheim Selektiv absorbierender sonnenkollektor
US4262659A (en) * 1980-01-24 1981-04-21 Valley Industries, Inc. Solar radiation absorbing panel
FR2710970A1 (fr) * 1993-10-05 1995-04-14 Joong Dev Co Ltd Dispositif de chauffage à chaleur solaire.
DE19705008A1 (de) * 1997-02-10 1998-08-13 Harald Friedrich Steuerungs- und Regeleinrichtung bei der Verwendung von Sonnenkollektoren
FR2787868A1 (fr) * 1998-12-29 2000-06-30 Pierre Jean Nocera Capteur solaire pour chauffe-eau
WO2002084182A1 (fr) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-24 Jolanta Mekal Collecteur solaire
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See also references of EP1834136A4 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2328883A1 (es) * 2007-01-26 2009-11-18 Oscar Cabeza Gras Cremallera termica solar (solar thermal rack).
WO2010092231A1 (fr) * 2009-02-16 2010-08-19 Kone Corporation Cage d'ascenseur
FR2945860A1 (fr) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-26 Marine Tech Mediterranee Echangeur de chaleur realise a partir d'un panneau stratifie creux tridimensionnel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090025709A1 (en) 2009-01-29
EP1834136A1 (fr) 2007-09-19
WO2006017885B1 (fr) 2006-03-30
EP1834136A4 (fr) 2013-05-01

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