WO2006012851A1

WO2006012851A1 - Valve arrangement, in particular compressor valve for compressed air systems

Info

Publication number: WO2006012851A1
Application number: PCT/DE2005/001309
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Scheb
Original assignee: Patentpool Innovations Management Gmbh
Priority date: 2004-08-04
Filing date: 2005-07-25
Publication date: 2006-02-09
Also published as: EP1784597A1; DE102004037831A1; DE112005002514A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve arrangement which acts as an autonomous mechanical component in connection with a mechanism which actuates a reciprocating piston in an oscillating manner and which can be used as a compressor of a working fluid.

Description

Valve arrangement, in particular compressor valve for compressed air systems

Almost all sectors of the manufacturing or processing industries use compressed air for a variety of applications.

Compressed air is an energy form that offers a very wide range of possible applications, combining speed, power, precision and safe handling. The combination of these features make compressed air irreplaceable in many applications.

Particularly interesting are the applications for the compressed air technology, in which it competes with other forms of energy such as electricity or hydraulics. The relatively high costs of producing compressed air must always be included in a precise cost-benefit analysis with factors such as operating speed, reliability and maintenance. It should be noted that the state of the art is used.

Compressed air applications have evolved enormously in recent years in terms of efficiency in dealing with primary energy.

-Drackluft to equate exclusively with old-fashioned applications, does not match the state of the art. For example, cleaning workbenches by blowing off with compressed air is no longer up-to-date. If compressed air is still to be used for this, it is advisable to use optimized nozzles that achieve maximum cleaning efficiency with minimal air consumption. The use of compressed air has a variety of applications.

Active air is for example the speech when compressed air is used as a transport medium. Current application examples are the transport of bulk goods, the shuttling of shuttles in weaving machines, use in air storage or the recently rediscovered pneumatic tube.

The example of the air bearing can be beautifully show some advantages of compressed air. Laser cannons for sighting geosatellites, for example, must be precisely aligned and tracked automatically. For the necessary precision of 1/3600 degrees, the optical system is air-bearing. The air bearings allow completely jerk-free and stepless telescopic movements, ensure high measuring accuracy and protect against vibrations. Without compressed air such modern methods of earth surveying would hardly be feasible.

If the compressed air is directly integrated into certain processes as process medium, this is referred to as process air. Common areas of application are drying processes, the aeration of clarification tanks or fermentation air for fermentation processes.

Closely related to compressed air is industrial vacuum technology. Various applications can be covered with compressed air or vacuum. With industrial vacuum you can pack, dry, stretch, suck, lift, position and much more. More and more industries are recognizing the benefits of vacuum applications.

By way of example, the electronics industry is mentioned, where absolute precision with the highest output is required in production. In the sense of a "clean production" extremely precise, very small vacuum pumps under pure dream conditions ensure the exact handling of boards and their assembly with microchips.The uniformly regulated suction air captures the chip and places it exactly in the right place on the circuit board.

Different applications require different pressures. In the rarest cases, it is economically justifiable to compress to the highest required pressure and then reduce the pressure again. It is therefore necessary to categorize the pressure ranges and to use appropriate production systems accordingly.

The range of vacuum and blower applications ranges from the large vacuum up to the overpressure range of about 1 bar. In the area of industrial vacuum, although it is possible to generate this by means of compressed air, the use of special vacuum pumps is here, however, usually more economical.

In the range of 2 to 2.5 bar one speaks of low pressure applications. In most cases rotary positive displacement compressors are used for the production, for extremely large quantities, turbochargers. For standard printing - applications that a 7 bar - power supply is fed, is ^~ ^ ^ n ine wide range compressors are available. The demands on air volume and air quality determine which compressors work most economically in which combination.

When it comes to the two- and three-digit bar range, oscillating displacement compressors such as piston or diaphragm compressors are used. For large volumes of air, radial turbochargers can also be expected. Every compressed air consumer needs a certain operating pressure in order to deliver the optimum performance. For example, with tools that are powered by only 5 bar instead of the required 6 bar, the load speed already drops by 25%, although the idle speed only decreases by 5%. It is therefore essential to check regularly whether the required operating pressure is too available at full capacity. Pressure losses due to insufficient pipe cross-sections or bottlenecks can only be noticed if the compressed air also flows. Excessive operating pressures bring no performance gain. They only increase the compressed air consumption and the wear on the devices.

The situation is similar with insufficiently prepared compressed air. Particles, moisture and oil are added to the compressed air devices and increase their susceptibility to malfunction. Increased wear and performance losses are still comparably minor problems compared to a total failure that can cause entire production losses. But even if the compressed air devices still work trouble-free, insufficiently conditioned compressed air can carry contaminants into processes that can lead to the loss of entire production batches.

In addition to these aspects of the use of compressed air, the existing energy savings and cost reduction potential is still not well known to many companies.

- In Germany, the approximately 60,000 installations installed each year consume electricity totaling approximately 840 million euros. This 14 billion kWh of electricity roughly equals the annual electricity consumption of Deutsche Bahn. If the compressed air were generated and used more efficiently, an average of approx. 30% of these energy costs could be saved.

For example, Porsche AG has already implemented these findings for itself. The sports car manufacturer saves by modernizing its compressed air system and the Consistent implementation of optimization measures in the generation, processing, distribution and application of compressed air generates 483,000 kWh of electricity each year, thus avoiding the emission of around 280 tonnes of CO ₂ .

In addition, there is a desire to improve the existing equipment according to the technical development, for example, in terms of efficiency and reliability.

An essential part of the existing compressors here are the valves used .These should u.a. have the lowest possible flow resistance and the highest possible pressure stability

A specific design principle for such a valve is already known under the number 283656 from the Imperial Patent Office of December 21, 1912. This valve is particularly used for high-speed compressors and consists of balls acting as valve body and is characterized in that the balls are free on their leadership and under the influence of a common resilient plate, which serves as a spring plate for a common load spring (single claim ).

Of the multitude of recent proposals in this field, reference is made here to a valve known from DE 201 02 448 U1,

It is a compressor valve with one with a variety of

Valve openings provided valve seat and closing with the valve openings

Closing bodies.

As new and inventive here is referred to, that the closing bodies are biased by wires, a net or grid against the valve openings and are held in position, wherein the wires, the net or the grid rest on the Schließkörpem, but have no fixed connection to these ,

In a further embodiment, it is essentially provided here that the valve openings are chamfered bores and the closing bodies are balls, and that an additional safety net is arranged above the wires, the net or the grid. This design principle, as can be seen from the patent of the Imperial Patent Office, scfrion long known and contains in the disclosed form no features that ensure safe and efficient operation. Thus, for example, by the additional safety net no permanent storage of the closing body guaranteed. The arrangement of the valve openings does not meet the fluidic requirements. In addition, the component disclosed herein merely represents the immediate closing mechanism of a valve. The surrounding mechanical support, without which this component is not functional, is not shown.

The application is therefore based on the object to provide a reliable and effective acting valve, especially for compressors.

In the valve according to the invention not only a special form of the arrangement of each arranged in a surface valve openings in combination with the associated closing bodies is selected, it is also achieved by a special type of arrangement of the valve openings that, seen in terms of flow, a low flow resistance.

In addition, the special arrangement simultaneously achieves a plurality of valve-opening surfaces acting as a valve so that a reciprocating piston conveying the working medium can act in both directions.

The valve according to the invention is described in more detail below.

1 shows the valve assembly according to the invention in an operating position Fig.iadie valve assembly according to the invention in another

operating position

FIG. 2: the valve arrangement according to the invention in a detailed section FIG. 3: the detail C from FIG. 2

4: a perspective view of the perforated plate (12) FIG. 5: a perspective view of the valve arrangement according to the invention FIG. 6: a perspective view of the collet (13) In the figure 1, the valve assembly according to the invention is shown in an operating position in which the piston (4), connected to the piston rod (6) on the cylinder cover (2) is applied. In this case, the entire valve arrangement consists of a cylindrical component which consists of a cylinder ring (1), a so-called cylinder base (3) and a cylinder cover (2). The designations cylinder base (3), cylinder cover (2), or cylinder ring (1) serve only to distinguish the two top surfaces of the cylindrical component, as well as the area-wise curved cylinder jacket.

The cylinder bottom (3), the cylinder cover (2), as well as the cylinder ring (1) are substantially constructed so that they consist of arranged in a surface valve openings in conjunction with the associated closing bodies. In the case of the cylinder bottom (3) and the cylinder cover (2), the surfaces are flat, in the case of the cylinder ring, the surface in question corresponding to the cylinder jacket, or the cylinder ring, curved

In the case of the cylinder cover (2), a surface for receiving the support of the piston rod (6) is recessed in the center receiving the valve openings. This storage has a commercial seal. Preferably. For this purpose, a seal is used, which combines a storage and a seal in a design.

The cylinder ring (1) has an annular area in the middle, which does not contain any valve openings. The width of this area corresponds to the height of the ^" piston (4), which is reciprocated by the piston rod (6) in the valve arrangement according to the invention.

The sealing of the piston (4) with respect to the inner wall of the cylindrical valve arrangement via a, inserted in a corresponding groove, graphite ring.

In the figure 1a, the valve assembly according to the invention in another operating position of the piston (4) is shown.

Both operating positions show extreme positions of the piston (4). The running in the middle, free of valve openings, strips in the cylinder ring can be seen in both Figures 1 and Fig. 1a.

The operation of the valve arrangement according to the invention is such that, starting from each of the two described positions or working positions of the piston (4), the operating medium, compressed air in the simplest case, and in Area of the cylinder ring (1) is ejected. The respectively, the

Movement direction of the piston (4) opposite, cylindrical surface is sealed by the respective closing body.

In this way it is achieved that with each stroke movement of the piston (4) the energy used to compress the working fluid is used.

Thus, in the case of Figure 1 by the movement of the piston (4) of the cylinder bottom

(3) closed and the valves in the cylinder cover (2) are opened. In the case of

1a, the valves of the cylinder cover (2) are closed by the following movement of the piston (4) in the opposite direction and the valves of the cylinder bottom (3) open and allow the intake air to admit.

The selected arrangement of the valves in the corresponding parts of the cylinder ring (1) ensures that the respective areas of the cylinder ring support the desired compression process, or suction process. Thus, in the case of Figure 1 by the arrangement of the valves in the cylinder ring (1), which are in the range of the cylinder cover (2) to the middle of the cylinder ring (1) ensures that sucked out of the region of the cylinder cover (2) Air from the described region of the cylinder ring (1) can flow. In the case of Figure 1 a is also ensured that the valves in the cylinder ring, which are in the region of the cylinder bottom (3) to the middle of the cylinder ring (1), ensures that from the area of the cylinder bottom (3) sucked air also from the other area of the cylinder ring (1) can flow.

The detailed sectional drawing of Figure 2 shows the inventive holder of the closing body, or the valve balls used here (9) A holder of the closing body solely by wires, a network or a grid, as described in the case of DE 201 02 448 U1, does not guarantee permanent Business. The mesh fabric used here, by which the balls are pressed against the valve openings, so that they can solve only with a corresponding pressure of the working medium, for example, the air on the valve from the valve openings, in practice shows improvement. It has been found that the bearing clearance of the spherical shooting body is too low. According to the invention, it is therefore provided to set back the valve ball seat (10) and to bias the openings of the valve ball seats (10) in each case a steel net (8) which prevents the valve balls (9) from falling out. In the case of the cylinder cover (2) and the cylinder base (3) the steel net (8) is preceded by a special perforated plate (12). The relevant detail C is shown separately in Figure (3).

In the figure (3), the position and the design of the valve ball seats (10) is shown in detail. As an essential feature to achieve the desired function, it should be pointed out here that the angle under which the lower, the ball-receiving, part of a valve ball seat (10) is bevelled at an angle of 118 degrees. This is known to be optimally sanded the angle under the cutting drill. This drill angle results in an optimum between good chip removal and tool life. It has been found that a valve ball seat (10) designed in this way ensures, after a short operating time, that a valve ball (9) optimally adapts to its respective valve ball seat (10) and virtually creates its own seal by virtue of the harder sphere seen from the material incorporated into the valve ball seat (10). .This ensures a high degree of safety of the seal.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a perforated plate (12) as used in the region of the cylinder cover (2) and the cylinder base (3). As a special feature can be seen here that the diameter of the holes of the holes increase from the middle to the edge. This measure takes into account the fact that at the edge of the valve arrangement according to the invention greater air velocities occur and pass greater amounts of air than in the middle.

In Figure 5, the valve assembly according to the invention from the outside in perspective

View shown.

In the area of the cylinder jacket, the corresponding steel net (11) in

Connection to the outer fabric via a collet (7) on the cylinder ring

(1) clamped.

In Figure 6, the collet chuck (7) is shown in perspective view. The erfindungsgemäßθ valve assembly can be inserted in every system which has the ^■ corresponding "geometrical dimensions and a drive for the plunger rod,

It is also possible not to put the piston (4) in an oscillating motion via a piston rod, but rather via a magnetic field which can be oscillated in an oscillating manner outside the valve arrangement according to the invention. The choice of manufacturing materials must be adjusted for this case.

Rfi7iiqszeichenliste

(1) Cylinder ring

(2) cylinder cover

(3) cylinder bottom

(4) piston

(5) graphite ring

(6) Piston rod

(7) hole ring (collet)

(8) Steel net

(9) Valve ball

(10) Valve ball seat

(11) Steel net

(12) Perforated sheet

Claims

claims:

Claim 1:

Valve arrangement which serves as a separate mechanical component in conjunction with a reciprocating piston driving mechanism as a compressor of a working medium, with the following features: a) the reciprocating piston (4) moves in a cylindrical housing, b) the cylinder bottom (3), the cylinder cover (2) and the cylinder jacket of the cylindrical housing comprise a multiplicity of valve seats (10) which can each be closed via closing bodies (9). C) The inflow of the working medium takes place alternately via the cylinder bottom (3) or the cylinder cover (2) compressed working medium is ejected from the lateral surface.

Claim 2:

Valve arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve seats (10) and the closing body (9) are designed so that the closing body (9) in the valve seats (10) has a free

Have movement space.

Claim 3:

Valve arrangement according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the closing body (9) in the valve seats (10) via an over-tightened steel net (8), or (12) are secured. Claim 4:

Veπfflanordnung according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the closing body (9) in the valve seats (10) are additionally secured by a, the steel net upstream perforated plate (12).

Claim 5:

Valve arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the perforated plate (12) has bores whose diameter increases from the center of the perforated plate (12) to the outside.

Claim 6:

Valve arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the valve seats (10) as valve ball seats (10) and the closing body (9) are designed as valve balls (9).

Claim 7:

Valve arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that each valve ball seat (10) at the bottom of a drill angle of

118 degrees.

Claim 8:

Valve arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that over the cylinder ring (1) stretched steel net (11) via a collet (7) is fixed.

Claim 9;

Valve arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lifting piston (4) is moved magnetically.