WO2006005810A1 - An apparatus for imaging cells - Google Patents

An apparatus for imaging cells Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006005810A1
WO2006005810A1 PCT/FI2005/050276 FI2005050276W WO2006005810A1 WO 2006005810 A1 WO2006005810 A1 WO 2006005810A1 FI 2005050276 W FI2005050276 W FI 2005050276W WO 2006005810 A1 WO2006005810 A1 WO 2006005810A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
subchamber
imaging
culture chamber
imaging optics
substructure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2005/050276
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Juha Korpinen
Jussi Tarvainen
Original Assignee
Chip-Man Technologies Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chip-Man Technologies Oy filed Critical Chip-Man Technologies Oy
Priority to EP05780326A priority Critical patent/EP1771544B1/en
Priority to US11/628,990 priority patent/US7885000B2/en
Priority to JP2007519826A priority patent/JP4808710B2/en
Publication of WO2006005810A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006005810A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/24—Base structure
    • G02B21/26—Stages; Adjusting means therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
    • C12M41/36—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of biomass, e.g. colony counters or by turbidity measurements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus for imaging cells, comprising a culture chamber, in which a cultivation substructure is placed, imaging optics, and actuators for providing the relative movement of the cultiva ⁇ tion substructure and the imaging optics in such a way that the imaging optics is used to image different sites in the cultivation substructure.
  • Cell cultures are generally used e.g. in various cytobiological and bio- medical analyses.
  • the cell material to be analyzed is cultured in a Petri dish or on a well plate placed in suitable conditions with respect to the temperature, ambient gas and illumination.
  • the samples are subjected to, for example, microscopy, and in arrangements of prior art, the well plate is arranged to be examined with a microscope which may be equipped with a cam ⁇ era. In many studies, the same samples are examined at regular inter ⁇ vals so that the development of the cell can be monitored.
  • the imaging is carried out by taking the cultivation substructure out of the culturing chamber ⁇ e.g. incubator) and placing it onto a particular microscope base where the imaging can be carried out automatically, manipulators moving the base with respect to the objective of the microscope.
  • the images thus taken are recorded in a memory and they can be processed later on.
  • the cultivation substructures are automatically removed from the incubator to be imaged according to a predetermined program, and an apparatus for implementing this is presented e.g. in US patent 5,106,584.
  • US patent 6,008,010 presents an apparatus in which a well plate is placed on top of the transparent bottom of a closed incubator chamber.
  • the cover of the incubator chamber is transparent as well, wherein imaging can be performed through the incubator chamber by using a manipulator to move the whole chamber in relation to the imaging optics.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is primarily characterized in that the cultivation substructure is isolated from the culture chamber to form a separate subchamber of its own, and imaging is carried out by moving the imaging optics and the sub- chamber in relation to each other.
  • the imaging can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the imaging optics is placed in its position in the culture chamber, and the subchamber is moved within the culture chamber in relation to the imaging optics, or the imaging optics is arranged to be movable within the culture chamber, the subchamber remaining in its position.
  • the subchamber is produced most preferably by closing the cultivation substructure with a lid which hermetically seals the air space above the different sites of the cultivation substructure, isolating it as a culture environment of its own that is separate from the subchamber.
  • a desired gas composition can be supplied with a desired gas composition by providing a gas inlet and a gas outlet.
  • the gas can be exchanged by feeding desired gas into the subchamber.
  • the subchamber can be formed, for example, by a lid closing a well plate from above, the lid being provided with an inlet and an outlet for the gas, so that a closed air space, shared by all the wells and having a desired gas composition above the different sites (wells) of this cultiva ⁇ tion substructure, is formed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of invention.
  • Figure 1 shows the first embodiment of the invention, in which a culti- vation substructure is moved in a culture chamber.
  • a subchamber 3 is arranged to be movable by means of a manipulator arm 2 moving in the X-Y plane.
  • the subchamber is formed in this case by a well plate used as the cultivation substructure and a lid sealing it tightly from above.
  • the bottom 3a of the subchamber 3 (the bottom 3a of the well plate) and the lid 3b are transparent so that microscopic imaging of living cells on the cultivation substructure can be carried out according to the general principle by illuminating the culture site from the direction opposite to the objective of the micro ⁇ scope, from above in the figure, but the structure also makes it possible to provide illumination from below, or at an angle from below, in the direction of the objective.
  • the manipulator arm comprises an opening in which the subchamber 3 can be fixed so that the bottom 3a is freely accessible for imaging.
  • reference numeral 4 indicates a microscope, which is arranged to be movable, together with a digital camera 5, by means of a motor in direction Z perpendicular to the X-Y plane of moving of the cultivation substructure.
  • the microscope is a tube microscope, and focusing can be performed by moving the com ⁇ bination of the tube microscope and the camera in the Z direction.
  • Reference numeral 6 indicates an illuminator device to provide illumi ⁇ nation in the opposite direction (from above).
  • the illuminator device 6 is fixed to the top wall of the chamber 1.
  • the culture chamber 1 constitutes a dark chamber protected from ambient light, and its temperature can also be adjusted to a desired level irrespective of the ambient temperature. Heating can be provided, for example, by means of resistance plates in the walls, and the drop- ping of the temperature by, for example, Peltier elements.
  • the arm 2 is introduced via a lead-through slot in the side of the chamber, sealed with e.g. elastic means so that no light or heat can enter through the slot but the arm 2 can move in the slot.
  • the microscope 4 is also introduced into the culture chamber 1 via a sealed opening (sealing ring 10).
  • Figure 1 shows how the objective can be brought close to the subchamber 3 through the bottom of the culture chamber 1.
  • the bellows-like seal ring 10 also allows the movement of the microscope 4 in the Z direction.
  • the subchamber 3 in turn, is isolated from the conditions in the culture chamber 1 in such a way that it can be provided with a desired gas composition, irrespective of the gas composition in the interior of the culture chamber 1.
  • Reference numerals 7 and 8 in the figure indicate the inlet and outlet ducts to and from the subchamber 3, respectively.
  • the outlet duct 8 comprises a valve which lets the gas flow in one direction only, away from the subchamber 3.
  • Imaging is performed in the normal way, one culture site of the sub ⁇ structure (one well of the well plate) at a time, wherein several sites of a single well can be imaged.
  • the culture site to be imaged is deter- mined by means of the manipulator moving the subchamber 3 in the X-Y plane.
  • each culture site it is possible to take images in different planes in the Z direction by moving the microscope in a direction perpendicular to the X,Y plane, for example to take a series of images of the same culture site in different focusing planes.
  • the illumination can be provided by using illumina ⁇ tion whose duration is set accurately with a system presented in more detail in a parallel patent application "An illumination system for a microscope" filed simultaneously.
  • the bottom 3a of the subchamber consists of the transparent bottom of an ordinary well plate which is visible from below in the opening of the manipulator arm 2. Consequently, there is no isolating structure between the objective of the microscope 4 and the bottom of the well plate, because the objective of the microscope 4 is placed in the cul- ture chamber 1. The objective comes close to the object, and desired optics can be used.
  • the objective of the microscope comes close to the object through the transparent bottom of the well plate, for example at a distance of less than 1 mm.
  • the motor moving the subchamber 3 in the X-Y plane is outside the culture chamber 1.
  • the camera 5 and the focusing motor of the microscope (Z direction) are outside the cul ⁇ ture chamber 1.
  • the culture chamber can be made small so that the volume to be heated is small and can be quickly adjusted to a given temperature.
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment in which the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 are used to indicate parts operating in a corre- sponding way.
  • the difference herein is that the subchamber 3 is placed in a fixed position in a support 9 mounted in the wall of the culture chamber 1 and comprising a fixing opening that leaves the bottom 3a of the subchamber freely accessible from below in the same way as in the manipulator arm 2.
  • the imaging optics (the microscope 4 and the illuminator device 6) constitute a portal structure which is movable in relation to the subchamber 3 in the X, Y and Z directions and is placed entirely inside the chamber 1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for imaging cells comprises a culture chamber (1 ), in which a cultivation substructure is placed, imaging optics (4, 6), and actuators for providing the relative movement of the cultivation substructure and the imaging optics in such a way that the imaging optics is used to image different sites in the substructure. The cultivation substructure is isolated as a subchamber (3) of its own that is separate from the culture chamber (1), and imaging is carried out by moving the imaging optics (4, 6) and the subchamber (3) in relation to each other.

Description

An apparatus for imaging cells
The invention relates to an apparatus for imaging cells, comprising a culture chamber, in which a cultivation substructure is placed, imaging optics, and actuators for providing the relative movement of the cultiva¬ tion substructure and the imaging optics in such a way that the imaging optics is used to image different sites in the cultivation substructure.
Cell cultures are generally used e.g. in various cytobiological and bio- medical analyses. Typically, the cell material to be analyzed is cultured in a Petri dish or on a well plate placed in suitable conditions with respect to the temperature, ambient gas and illumination. At various stages of the analyses, the samples are subjected to, for example, microscopy, and in arrangements of prior art, the well plate is arranged to be examined with a microscope which may be equipped with a cam¬ era. In many studies, the same samples are examined at regular inter¬ vals so that the development of the cell can be monitored.
From patent documents, a number of apparatuses are known which have been constructed in such a way that cells to be cultured in a sub¬ structure, for example in a well plate, can be kept in desired culturing environment (temperature, culture medium, atmosphere). To monitor the development of cells, for example their growth and/or the way in which they are affected by given substances added in the culture medium, it is necessary to take images at different sites of the cultiva¬ tion substructure in such a way that the same sites (for example, sepa¬ rate wells) are imaged at regular intervals according to a given sched¬ ule.
In the simplest form, the imaging is carried out by taking the cultivation substructure out of the culturing chamber {e.g. incubator) and placing it onto a particular microscope base where the imaging can be carried out automatically, manipulators moving the base with respect to the objective of the microscope. The images thus taken are recorded in a memory and they can be processed later on. In a more automated ver¬ sion, the cultivation substructures are automatically removed from the incubator to be imaged according to a predetermined program, and an apparatus for implementing this is presented e.g. in US patent 5,106,584.
The removal of the cultivation substructures from the incubator for imaging is a disturbing factor, because the cultivation substructure is removed from the environment where the conditions have been adjusted to be optimal, and it may be subjected to bumps when it is being moved from one base to another. Therefore, apparatuses are also known for carrying out the imaging when the cultivation substruc- ture is in the incubator. For example, US patent 6,271,022 discloses an apparatus in which the imaging is arranged inside the incubator in such a way that substructures placed on shelves on top of each other can be imaged one after the other, although accurate imaging is not achieved by this method.
US patent 6,008,010 presents an apparatus in which a well plate is placed on top of the transparent bottom of a closed incubator chamber. The cover of the incubator chamber is transparent as well, wherein imaging can be performed through the incubator chamber by using a manipulator to move the whole chamber in relation to the imaging optics. With this system, it is already possible to perform imaging in situ without removing the cultivation substructure from the chamber. How¬ ever, a problem lies in the fact that the whole culture chamber must be moved. Because of this, the culture chamber, or "biochamber", has been made relatively small (length x width x height 6"x5"x2"). More¬ over, the use of a transparent extra plate under the bottom of the well plate is problematic for high magnifications, because the objective must be brought very close to the object.
It is an aim of the invention to eliminate the above-identified drawbacks and to present an apparatus for imaging without a need to move the whole culture chamber, so that it is possible to make the culture cham¬ ber large and, for example, very photoisolating and/or thermally insu¬ lating, and, on the other hand, to make the movable part light-weight and well transparent to light and such that various illuminating and optics systems can be brought close to the object to be imaged. To achieve this aim, the apparatus according to the invention is primarily characterized in that the cultivation substructure is isolated from the culture chamber to form a separate subchamber of its own, and imaging is carried out by moving the imaging optics and the sub- chamber in relation to each other. The imaging can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the imaging optics is placed in its position in the culture chamber, and the subchamber is moved within the culture chamber in relation to the imaging optics, or the imaging optics is arranged to be movable within the culture chamber, the subchamber remaining in its position.
The subchamber is produced most preferably by closing the cultivation substructure with a lid which hermetically seals the air space above the different sites of the cultivation substructure, isolating it as a culture environment of its own that is separate from the subchamber. Such an environment can be supplied with a desired gas composition by providing a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The gas can be exchanged by feeding desired gas into the subchamber.
The subchamber can be formed, for example, by a lid closing a well plate from above, the lid being provided with an inlet and an outlet for the gas, so that a closed air space, shared by all the wells and having a desired gas composition above the different sites (wells) of this cultiva¬ tion substructure, is formed. This idea is disclosed in more detail in the parallel patent application "A substructure for cultivating cells and its use" filed simultaneously with the present application.
In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the appended drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention, and
Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of invention.
Figure 1 shows the first embodiment of the invention, in which a culti- vation substructure is moved in a culture chamber. Inside the culture chamber 1 , a subchamber 3 is arranged to be movable by means of a manipulator arm 2 moving in the X-Y plane. The subchamber is formed in this case by a well plate used as the cultivation substructure and a lid sealing it tightly from above. The bottom 3a of the subchamber 3 (the bottom 3a of the well plate) and the lid 3b are transparent so that microscopic imaging of living cells on the cultivation substructure can be carried out according to the general principle by illuminating the culture site from the direction opposite to the objective of the micro¬ scope, from above in the figure, but the structure also makes it possible to provide illumination from below, or at an angle from below, in the direction of the objective. The manipulator arm comprises an opening in which the subchamber 3 can be fixed so that the bottom 3a is freely accessible for imaging. In the figure, reference numeral 4 indicates a microscope, which is arranged to be movable, together with a digital camera 5, by means of a motor in direction Z perpendicular to the X-Y plane of moving of the cultivation substructure. The microscope is a tube microscope, and focusing can be performed by moving the com¬ bination of the tube microscope and the camera in the Z direction. Reference numeral 6 indicates an illuminator device to provide illumi¬ nation in the opposite direction (from above). The illuminator device 6 is fixed to the top wall of the chamber 1.
The culture chamber 1 constitutes a dark chamber protected from ambient light, and its temperature can also be adjusted to a desired level irrespective of the ambient temperature. Heating can be provided, for example, by means of resistance plates in the walls, and the drop- ping of the temperature by, for example, Peltier elements. The arm 2 is introduced via a lead-through slot in the side of the chamber, sealed with e.g. elastic means so that no light or heat can enter through the slot but the arm 2 can move in the slot.
The microscope 4 is also introduced into the culture chamber 1 via a sealed opening (sealing ring 10). Figure 1 shows how the objective can be brought close to the subchamber 3 through the bottom of the culture chamber 1. The bellows-like seal ring 10 also allows the movement of the microscope 4 in the Z direction.
The subchamber 3, in turn, is isolated from the conditions in the culture chamber 1 in such a way that it can be provided with a desired gas composition, irrespective of the gas composition in the interior of the culture chamber 1. Reference numerals 7 and 8 in the figure indicate the inlet and outlet ducts to and from the subchamber 3, respectively. The outlet duct 8 comprises a valve which lets the gas flow in one direction only, away from the subchamber 3.
Imaging is performed in the normal way, one culture site of the sub¬ structure (one well of the well plate) at a time, wherein several sites of a single well can be imaged. The culture site to be imaged is deter- mined by means of the manipulator moving the subchamber 3 in the X-Y plane. Furthermore, in each culture site it is possible to take images in different planes in the Z direction by moving the microscope in a direction perpendicular to the X,Y plane, for example to take a series of images of the same culture site in different focusing planes. During the imaging, the illumination can be provided by using illumina¬ tion whose duration is set accurately with a system presented in more detail in a parallel patent application "An illumination system for a microscope" filed simultaneously.
The bottom 3a of the subchamber consists of the transparent bottom of an ordinary well plate which is visible from below in the opening of the manipulator arm 2. Consequently, there is no isolating structure between the objective of the microscope 4 and the bottom of the well plate, because the objective of the microscope 4 is placed in the cul- ture chamber 1. The objective comes close to the object, and desired optics can be used.
When the imaging is carried out from the side of the bottom of the sub¬ chamber 3 (well plate), the objective of the microscope comes close to the object through the transparent bottom of the well plate, for example at a distance of less than 1 mm. Thus, it is possible to use phase con¬ trast imaging with high magnifications.
The alternatives relating to the storage and processing of the image itself do not fall within the scope of the present invention, and they will thus not be disclosed in more detail. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 , the motor moving the subchamber 3 in the X-Y plane is outside the culture chamber 1. Similarly, the camera 5 and the focusing motor of the microscope (Z direction) are outside the cul¬ ture chamber 1. The culture chamber can be made small so that the volume to be heated is small and can be quickly adjusted to a given temperature.
Figure 2 shows a second embodiment in which the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 are used to indicate parts operating in a corre- sponding way. The difference herein is that the subchamber 3 is placed in a fixed position in a support 9 mounted in the wall of the culture chamber 1 and comprising a fixing opening that leaves the bottom 3a of the subchamber freely accessible from below in the same way as in the manipulator arm 2. The imaging optics (the microscope 4 and the illuminator device 6) constitute a portal structure which is movable in relation to the subchamber 3 in the X, Y and Z directions and is placed entirely inside the chamber 1. Also in this embodiment it has been pos¬ sible to bring the objective of the tube microscope close to the object (subchamber 3), because the whole microscope is now inside the cul- ture chamber 1. Also in this embodiment it has been possible to bring the objective of the tube microscope close to the object (subchamber 3), because the whole microscope is now inside the culture chamber 1. Also in this embodiment, the movement of the cells has been mini¬ mized.

Claims

Claims:
1. An apparatus for imaging cells, comprising a culture chamber (1), in which a cultivation substructure is placed, imaging optics (4, 6), and actuators for providing the relative movement of the cultivation sub¬ structure and the imaging optics in such a way that different sites of the substructure are imaged by the imaging optics, characterized in that the cultivation substructure is isolated as a subchamber (3) of its own that is separate from the culture chamber (1), and the imaging is carried out by moving the imaging optics (4, 6) and the subchamber (3) in relation to each other.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the imaging optics (4, 6) is placed in its position in the culture chamber (1), and the subchamber (3) is arranged movable inside the culture cham¬ ber (1) in relation to the imaging optics.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the sub¬ chamber (3) is arranged movable by means of a motor (manipulator) arranged outside the culture chamber (1).
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the manipulator arm (2), by which the subchamber (3) is arranged mov¬ able, is introduced via a lead-through slot in the side of the culture chamber (1).
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the imaging optics (4, 6) is arranged movable inside the culture chamber (1), while the subchamber (3) remains in its position.
6. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, charac¬ terized in that the subchamber (3) is provided with gas supply and removal to adjust the gas composition inside the subchamber to a desired composition, or to supply a gas with a desired composition to the subchamber.
7. The apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, character¬ ized in that the objective of the microscope (4) of the imaging optics is placed inside the culture chamber (1).
8. The apparatus according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the objective of the microscope (4) is introduced into the culture cham¬ ber (1) from the outside.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the microscope (4) is arranged to be focused by means of a motor arranged outside the culture chamber (1).
PCT/FI2005/050276 2004-07-09 2005-07-08 An apparatus for imaging cells WO2006005810A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05780326A EP1771544B1 (en) 2004-07-09 2005-07-08 An apparatus for imaging cells
US11/628,990 US7885000B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2005-07-08 Apparatus for imaging cells
JP2007519826A JP4808710B2 (en) 2004-07-09 2005-07-08 Device for imaging cells

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20040970 2004-07-09
FI20040970A FI116946B (en) 2004-07-09 2004-07-09 Apparatus for imaging cells

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006005810A1 true WO2006005810A1 (en) 2006-01-19

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Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7885000B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1771544B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4808710B2 (en)
FI (1) FI116946B (en)
WO (1) WO2006005810A1 (en)

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US7885000B2 (en) 2011-02-08

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