WO2006002397A2 - Procede et appareil destines a etre utilises pour ameliorer des carburants - Google Patents

Procede et appareil destines a etre utilises pour ameliorer des carburants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006002397A2
WO2006002397A2 PCT/US2005/022569 US2005022569W WO2006002397A2 WO 2006002397 A2 WO2006002397 A2 WO 2006002397A2 US 2005022569 W US2005022569 W US 2005022569W WO 2006002397 A2 WO2006002397 A2 WO 2006002397A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conduit
fluid
bypass
fuel
cavitation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/022569
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006002397A9 (fr
WO2006002397A3 (fr
Inventor
Johannes Eriksson
Erik Ulsteen
Original Assignee
Fuel Fx International, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/140,474 external-priority patent/US7383828B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/140,507 external-priority patent/US7428896B2/en
Application filed by Fuel Fx International, Inc. filed Critical Fuel Fx International, Inc.
Publication of WO2006002397A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006002397A2/fr
Publication of WO2006002397A9 publication Critical patent/WO2006002397A9/fr
Publication of WO2006002397A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006002397A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the treatment of fuels, and more particularly to the enhancement of fuels.
  • Some embodiments provide apparatuses for use in treating fuel. These apparatuses can include a first conduit having an input end, an output end, and a metallic interior surface; a second conduit positioned within and axially aligned with the first conduit, the second conduit having first and second ends, and a plurality of holes distributed along at least a portion of a length of the second conduit; and a treatment control bypass affixed with the second conduit configured to control an amount of fluid flow exiting the second conduit through the plurality of holes distributed along the portion of the length of the second conduit.
  • Other embodiments include methods for use in treating fuel.
  • the methods are configured to deliver a fluid under pressure to a first conduit; forcing a first portion of the fluid out of the first conduit through a plurality apertures distributed along a length of the first conduit forming streams of fluid; cause the streams of fluid to impact an interior metallic wall of a second conduit that is axially aligned with and positioned about the first conduit treating the fluid to alter physical characteristics of the first portion of the fluid; and control the treating of the fluid including directing a second portion of the fluid out of the first conduit bypassing the plurality of distributed apertures.
  • These apparatuses include a reactor cartridge assembly that further comprise an outer conduit having an input end, an output end, a metallic interior surface; and an inner conduit having a first end, a second end, a plurality of apertures distributed along a length of the inner conduit and a diameter that is less than a diameter of the outer conduit where the inner conduit is positioned within and axially aligned with the outer tube such that at least a portion of a fluid delivered to the inner conduit induces a first phase of cavitation upon dispersing the fluid through the plurality of holes to impact the metallic interior surface of the outer conduit.
  • the apparatuses further include a biasing member positioned proximate the reactor cartridge assembly such that the biasing member maintains a positioning of the reactor cartridge assembly; and a first vortex positioned relative to reaction cartridge assembly causing a second phase of cavitation.
  • Some embodiments provide apparatuses for use in enhancing fuel. These apparatuses include an exterior conduit, an input and an output cooperate with opposite sides of the exterior conduit through which fuel enters and exits respectively, a reaction cartridge assembly positioned within the exterior conduit to receive and at least induce cavitation of the fuel and outputting cavitated fuel, and biasing member positioned within the exterior conduit and cooperated with the reaction cartridge assembly to maintain a positioning of the reaction cartridge assembly.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a simplified cross-sectional view of a fluid enhancement system according to some embodiments
  • FIG. 2 depicts a simplified cross sectional view of an alternative fuel enhancement system according to some embodiments
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified plane view of the inner conduit of the system of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 depicts a simplified cross-sectional view of the conduit of FIG. 3 perpendicular to the length of the conduit
  • FIGS. 5-7 show a plane view, end view and cross-sectional view, respectively, of an end cap of the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 5-7 show a plane view, end view and cross-sectional view, respectively, of an end cap of the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 8-11 depict a plane view, end view, cross-sectional view, and isometric view, respectively, of an alternative embodiment of an end cap that can be incorporated into the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 12-14 depict end views further alternate embodiments of the end cap of FIGS. 8-11;
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 depict simplified isometric and end views, respectively, of a spacer that can be incorporated into the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 17 shows an inner conduit assembly prior to being inserted into the outer conduit to form a reaction cartridge assembly of FIG. 1 according to some embodiments;
  • FIG. 18 depicts a simplified cross-sectional view of a reaction cartridge assembly that can be implemented in the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 19 and 20 depict a side plane view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, of a vortex of the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 21 depicts a simplified block diagram of a system that uses fluids that are treated or enhanced through a fluid enhancement system; and
  • FIG. 22 depicts an alternative embodiment of a reaction cartridge assembly for use in a fluid enhancement system.
  • Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding components throughout the several views of the drawings. Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the present embodiments provide for methods and apparatuses for use in the enhancement of fluids, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and other fluids, wherein the fluids are subjected to multi-phase cavitation and exposure to a catalyst to change the physical characteristics and properties of fluids, such as gasoline to improve and enhance their effectiveness for combustion.
  • the enhancing systems operate as on-board fuel treatment center for engines. Cavitation is a process of bubble formation and collapse within a fluid.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a simplified cross sectional view of a fuel enhancement system 120 according to some embodiments.
  • the system 120 has an input coupling adaptor 122, an output coupling adaptor 124, a reaction cartridge assembly 126, one or more vortexes 132, and an exterior sheath conduit 134.
  • the reaction cartridge assembly 126 includes an inner or flutelike conduit 140, an outer conduit 142, and a spacer 146 with a gap or passage 150 established between the inner conduit 140 and outer conduit 142.
  • the exterior sheath 134 is positioned between the input 122 and output 124, with the reaction cartridge assembly 126 and vortex 132 sealed within the sheath 134.
  • one or more fluids such as a fuel, is supplied to the enhancement system 120 and is maintained within the exterior sheath 134 to flow through the reaction cartridge assembly 144 and through the vortex during treatment.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a simplified cross sectional view of an alternative fuel enhancement system 120 according to some embodiments.
  • the system 120 includes an input coupling adaptor 122, an output coupling adaptor 124, a reaction cartridge assembly 126, one or more vortexes 132, an exterior sheath conduit 134, and further includes a biasing member 222. Similar to the system 120 of FIG.
  • the reaction cartridge assembly 126 includes an inner conduit 140, an outer conduit 142, and a spacer 146 with a gap or passage 150 established between the inner conduit 140 and outer conduit 142.
  • the exterior sheath 134 is positioned between the input 122 and output 124, with the reaction cartridge assembly 126 and vortex 132 sealed within the sheath 134.
  • the biasing member 222 is positioned between the reaction cartridge assembly 126 and the vortex 132, and in part, maintains positioning of the reaction cartridge assembly at least relative to the input coupling adaptor 122. It is typical for fuel to be incompletely burned in a combustion engine. The un-ignited portions are then expelled as exhaust.
  • the failure to ignite portions of the fuel can result, in part from a failure to adequately vaporize the fuel due for example to the existence of long carbon chains.
  • the present methods and apparatuses are utilized to enhance fuel, such as diesel and/or gasoline, to improve at least in part the combustible characteristics of the fuel.
  • the systems 120 create changes in pressure and generate turbulence to establish an environment for multi-phase cavitation to occur. After and/or during cavitation the fuel is exposed to a catalyst material, such as copper, nickel, aluminum, copper alloy, and other relevant catalyst materials and/or combinations of materials, that relatively freely give off electrons that thereby impart an electrical/magnetic charge on the fluid being treated The creation of turbulence aids in the processing of the fluid.
  • the turbulence can be introduced at least in part through the configuration of the inner conduit 140.
  • the fluid passes through a plurality of holes 426 (see FIG. 4) distributed over a portion of the length of the inner conduit and is exposed to an inner surface of the outer tube 142 that in some implementations includes a catalyst material as fully described below.
  • the spirally wound spacer 146 can be configured to further enhance the turbulence within the fluid.
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified plane view of the inner conduit 140.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a simplified cross-sectional view of the conduit 140 perpendicular to the length 332. Referring to FIGS.
  • the inner conduit has a first or input end 322, a second end 324, a plurality of holes or bores 326 distributed along at least a portion of the length 332 of the inner conduit 140, and an end cap 328 secured with the second end of the inner conduit.
  • the inner conduit acts as a diffuser for fuel enhanced through the system 120.
  • the inner conduit 140 is shown as cylindrical with a circular cross-section, however, other configurations can be utilized.
  • the inner conduit has a relatively rigid construction, but is not limited thereto.
  • at least the exterior wall 422 of the inner conduit is coated with a catalyst and/or the inner conduit 140 can be formed of a catalyst, such as copper, copper alloy, nickel and other relevant catalysts and/or combinations of relevant catalysts.
  • the holes 326 are typically radial bores perpendicular to a longitudinal axis and axially spaced establishing communication between the interior and exterior of the inner conduit.
  • the holes are round, however, the holes can have substantially any shape to achieve the desired effects as fluid is forced through the holes during operation.
  • the holes can be square, rectangular, triangular, star- shaped, elongated slots, other shapes and/or combinations of shapes.
  • the holes can be configured with a single size, or multiple sized holes.
  • a first portion 340 of the inner conduit can have holes of a first size 350 and a second size 352, a second portion 342 having holes of the second size 352 and a third size 354, and a third portion 344 with holes of just the second size 352.
  • the first sized holes could have a diameter of about .093 inches
  • the second sized holes could have diameters of about .060 inches
  • the third size holes could have diameters of about .078 inches
  • the first, second and third portions 340, 342, 344 each have a length of about 3.6 inches and the inner conduit 140 has an inner diameter of about .50 to .60 inches
  • the sum of the cross-sectional area of the holes is about equal to and generally less than the cross-sectional area of the interior bore or channel of the inner conduit perpendicular to the length 332.
  • the holes are further shown in a spiral pattern along the portion of the length 330 of the inner conduit.
  • FIGS. 5-7 show a plane view, end view and cross-sectional view, respectively, of an end cap 328 according to some embodiments.
  • the end cap has an inner diameter 722 that is about equal to or larger than an outer diameter of the inner conduit 140.
  • the end cap 328 is secured with the second end 324 of the inner conduit 140 at least partially closing off the second end causing fluid supplied to the input 322 of the inner conduit to be agitated and forced through the plurality of holes 326 and radially away from the inner conduit.
  • the end cap completely seals the second end 324 of the inner conduit.
  • the end cap includes one or more bypass holes or apertures 922 (see FIG. 9) that allow a portion of the fluid supplied to the inner conduit to exit the inner conduit without having to pass through the plurality of apertures 326.
  • the end cap can be secured with the inner conduit through screw threading, compression fit, welding, soldering, crimping, bolts, rivets, snaps, tongue and groove, and other relevant methods for securing the end cap with the inner conduit.
  • the end cap can be constructed of or coated with a catalyst material, such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and other relevant materials or combinations of materials.
  • FIGS. 8-11 depict a plane view, end view, cross-sectional view, and isometric view, respectively, of an end cap 820 according to some alternative embodiments.
  • FIGS. 12-14 depict end views of the end cap 820 with alternate configurations. Referring to FIGS. 8-14, the end cap 820 includes one or more bypass apertures 922 formed in and extending through the cap.
  • the bypass aperture 922 controls the reaction and/or enhancement of the fuel supplied to and flowing through the inner conduit 140.
  • the bypass aperture(s) can be square, circular, rectangular, triangular, star-shaped, or other relevant configurations and/or combinations of configurations to control the processing and/or reactions within the fuel.
  • the bypass aperture(s) at least in part, controls the flow of fluid and controls the treatment and/or reactions of the fluid.
  • the bypass aperture can allow some of the fluid to pass through the reaction cartridge assembly 129 generally un-reacted or untreated.
  • bypass aperture provides efficient acceleration of the fluid and as a result provides improved friction, implosion and cavitation of the treated fluid. Controlling the amount of fluid that passes through the plurality of holes 326 along the inner conductor 140 further provides control over the reaction process of the fluid and thus controls the quality of the resulting treated fluid exiting the enhancement system 120.
  • the bypass aperture 922 of the end cap 820 can, in some implementations, be configured to further control and/or reduce the pressure within the inner conduit, thus further controlling the velocity and/or pressure at which the fluid passes through the plurality of holes 326 along the inner conduit.
  • Controlling the velocity at which the fluid exits through the plurality of holes of the inner conduit further controls the cavitation and/or the impact of the fluid with the catalytic inner surface of the outer conduit 142 providing greater control over the reaction of the fluid within the enhancement system.
  • the bypass aperture can be configured to allow some of the fluid to pass through the enhancement system generally untreated and/or unaltered to control a quality level of the fluid.
  • the bypass aperture can be configured to establish some cavitation within the fluid as the fluid passes through the bypass aperture treating the fuel, but typically at a lesser extent than at least portions of the fluid passing through the plurality of holes 326 along the inner conduit, to control the quality level of the treated fluid.
  • the bypass aperture 10 has generally a square shape. It is noted, however, that other shapes and the numbers of apertures being employed can vary depending on the desired implementation, amount of cavitation if any through the bypass aperture and/or other similar conditions.
  • the bypass aperture can be round, oval, star shaped, rectangular, other shapes, consist of multiple holes (whether square, round, etc.), and/or combinations thereof.
  • the size, shape and number of bypass apertures in the end cap depend on a desired fluid flow, pressure within the inner conduit, cavitation of fluid passing through the bypass aperture, cavitation of fluid passing through the plurality of holes 326 along the inner conduit and other factors.
  • the diameter and/or area of the bypass aperture is dependent upon the implementations and/or the desired fluid flow control.
  • the diameter and/or total cross-sectional area of the one or more bypass apertures is proportional to the diameter of the inner conduit.
  • the diameter of a circular bypass aperture can range from 2 to 25 mm relative to an inner diameter of the end cap of about 0.6 inches for some applications.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 depict simplified isometric and end views, respectively, of the spacer 146.
  • the spacer 146 is configured to be positioned about the exterior of the inner conduit 140, and in some embodiments is spirally wound around the inner conduit. The spacer, in part, maintains the positioning of the inner conduit 140 relative to the outer conduit 142. Additionally, the spacer in some implementations causes further agitation in the fluid as the fluid travels through the passage 150.
  • the spacer 146 can be secured with the exterior of the inner conduit 140 (or interior of the outer conduit 142) through soldering, welding, and other similar bonding techniques, pins or pegs and mating holes, compression fit, and other techniques.
  • the spacer includes pins that extend radially inward toward the inner conduit and the inner conduit includes mating apertures that receive the pins to secure the spacer with the inner conduit.
  • the spacer is positioned on the exterior of the inner conduit between the end cap and the input, and extends along the plurality of holes 326.
  • the spacer can be made of copper, a copper alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, iron, iron coated with another metal (e.g., copper, copper alloy), aluminum and other relevant materials or combinations of materials.
  • the spacer 146 is constructed of or coated with a catalyst material to aid in the reaction and enhancement of the fluid processed through the enhancement system 120.
  • the spacer can have substantially any shaped cross-section, such as circular, rectangular, square, or other cross-sectional shapes.
  • the spacer can be formed from a wire or a rod shaped to the desired spiral configuration.
  • FIG. 17 shows an inner conduit assembly 1720 prior to being inserted into the outer conduit 142 to form a reaction cartridge assembly 126 according to some embodiments.
  • the inner tube assembly consists of the inner conduit 140 with the plurality of holes 326, the spacer 146 spirally wound around the inner conduit, and the end cap 328 secured with the inner conduit.
  • the diameter of the inner conduit assembly 1720 is less than the inner diameter of the outer conduit such that the inner conduit assembly is inserted into the outer conduit.
  • the inner conduit is secured with the outer conduit through screws 1722, pins, compression fit, crimping and/or other such methods.
  • the outer conduit has an interior diameter that is at least equal to and typically greater than the diameter of the end cap 328 and/or spacer 146. As such, the gap or passage 150 is formed between the exterior of the inner conduit 140 and the interior of the outer conduit 142.
  • FIG. 18 depicts a simplified cross-sectional view of a reaction cartridge assembly 126 as implemented according to some embodiments.
  • the inner conduit assembly 1720 is shown axially aligned within the outer conduit 142 with the gap or passage 150 defined between at least the exterior wall of the inner conduit 140 and the interior wall of the outer conduit 142.
  • fluid is supplied to the input 322 of the inner conduit and at least a portion of the fluid flows out the plurality of distributed holes 326 and into the passage 150 where the fluid flows to an output 1824 of the outer conduit 142 and reaction cartridge assembly 126.
  • the pressure within the inner conduit is at levels such that the fluid exits the plurality of apertures as streams of fluid that are directed against and/or impact the interior wall of the outer conduit 142.
  • the rapid change in pressure as the fluid passes through the plurality of holes 326 and into the passage 150 causes cavitation within the fluid that at least induces cracking of some long carbon chain molecules.
  • the fluid continues to contact the interior wall of the outer conduit, the exterior wall of the inner conduit 140 and the spacer 146 as the fluid travels along the passage 150.
  • some embodiments coat the interior wall of the outer conduit, the exterior wall of the inner conduit 140 and/or the spacer 146 with a catalyst material, and/or construct the outer conduit, the inner conduit 140 and/or the spacer 146 from a catalyst material.
  • the interior wall of the outer conduit 142 can be coated with a copper alloy (e.g., copper-aluminum alloy), and the inner conduit 140 and spacer 146 can be constructed from a copper alloy.
  • Coating and/or constructing the interior wall of the outer conduit, the exterior wall of the inner conduit 140 and the spacer 146 with a catalyst material increases the exposure of the fluid to the catalyst to further aids in the process of enhancing the fluid.
  • the catalyst material releases electrons to the fluids further altering the physical characteristics of the fuels and/or in part aiding the cracking carbon chain molecules.
  • the reaction cartridge assembly 126 is further contained within the exterior sheath conduit 134 that provides protection for the reaction cartridge assembly and other internal components of the enhancement system 120.
  • the exterior sheath conduit typically has a diameter that is equal to or greater than the outer diameter of the outer conduit 142, and in some embodiments is in contact with the exterior surface of the outer conduit when the fluid enhancement system 120 is assembled and/or in use.
  • the exterior sheath conduit 134 is configured to withstand predefined pressures and can be constructed of substantially any relevant material capable of carrying the fluid intended to be treated (e.g., fuel).
  • the exterior sheath conduit is a multi-layer hose, such as a hydraulic hose that includes one or more layers of synthetic rubber tubing, one or more braids of high wire reinforcement (e.g., tensile steel wire reinforcement), one or more metallic conduits, and/or other layers.
  • the exterior sheath conduit is a hydraulic hose SAE100R1AT no SKIVE rated for 1000 psi, from Parker Hannifin Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio.
  • the fluid enhancement system 120 can further include in some embodiments the biasing member 222, vortex 132, and input and output coupling adaptors 122, 124.
  • the biasing member 222 in some embodiments is a spirally wound rod or spring that is positioned between the output coupling adaptor 124 and the reaction cartridge assembly 126. In some implementations, the biasing member is compressed upon insertion establishing a force against the reaction cartridge assembly to maintain positioning of the reaction cartridge assembly relative to at least the input coupling adaptor 122.
  • the biasing member can be constructed of substantially any relevant material and in some implementations is further constructed of and/or coated with a catalyst material.
  • the biasing member can be a spring constructed of 0.125 inch copper rod alloy Cl 1000 ASTM B 187 wound in a spiral to a desired length and compressibility. The diameter of the biasing member is less than the diameter of the interior of the exterior sheath conduit.
  • the biasing member in some implementations causes further agitation and/or cavitation in the fluid as it is pushed through, over and/or around the bias member providing a subsequent phase of cavitation following the reaction cartridge assembly.
  • Some embodiments further include a vortex 132 positioned proximate the output coupling adaptor 124, and in some instances is further pressed against the output coupling adaptor by the biasing member 222.
  • the vortex can act as a reducer maintaining a desired pressure within the enhancement system 120 and/or increase turbulence within the flowing fluid. Further, the vortex can generate a further phase of the cavitation provided through the enhancement system 120.
  • FIGS. 19 and 20 depict a side plane view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, of a vortex 132 according to some embodiments.
  • the vortex includes a central bore 1922 that extends from a first side 1924 through the vortex to a second side 2826 such that fluid can pass through the vortex.
  • the central bore has a first diameter 1930 at the first side and tapers to a wider diameter 1932 at the second side 1926.
  • the angel 1928 by which the bore tapers depends on the fluid flow, the pressure and other parameters.
  • the angel 1928 at which the tapering occurs is approximately 60 degrees, however, other configurations can have different angles depending on desired effects.
  • An annular extension or ring 1940 extends around the vortex defining a first ledge or shelf 1942 relative to the first side 1924 that is configured to cooperate with and/or abut against the biasing member 222, and a second ledge or shelf 1944 relative to the second side 1926 that is configured to cooperate with and/or abut against the output coupling adaptor 124.
  • the central bore 1922 can have substantially any relevant cross-sectional shape, such as but not limited to, circular, square, rectangular, oval, triangular, star shaped and/or other configurations.
  • the central bore can be replaced with a plurality of bores of relevant shape and/or other configurations to achieve a desired flow control and/or fluid treatment.
  • An increase in turbulence, agitation and/or cavitation results in the fluid as the fluid passing through the central bore causing further reactions within the fluid.
  • the vortex 132 can be constructed of metal, metal alloy, and other relevant materials, and in some embodiments is formed of and/or coated with a catalyst material such as copper, copper alloy, aluminum and other such materials or combinations of materials.
  • the vortex is formed of a copper alloy 145 per ASTM B301 half hard.
  • the fluid enhancement system 120 can further include a vortex near or at the input of the system and/or reaction cartridge assembly 126 to initiate additional agitation and/or cavitation within the fluid.
  • the system can include an upstream vortex positioned prior to the reaction cartridge assembly 126 for increased agitation, friction and/or cavitation.
  • FIG. 21 depicts a simplified block diagram of a system 2120 that uses fluids that are treated or enhanced through a fluid enhancement system 120.
  • the system includes a reservoir or tank 2122, a pump or other fluid delivery device 2124, the fluid enhancement system 120, and a fluid consumption device 2126.
  • the consumption device can be a combustion engine and the reservoir can contain fuel (e.g., diesel or gasoline) that is pumped through the enhancement system 120 prior to being delivered to the engine (e.g., delivered to a carburetor for atomization into a piston cylinder).
  • fuel e.g., diesel or gasoline
  • the fluid enhancement system allows for the controlled restructuring of fluids, such as fuels to a more beneficial molecular state for more optimal use and resulting performance from their use.
  • the hydrodynamic configurations of the fluid enhancement system 120 cause vaporation and/or cavitation on approximately a microscopic scale.
  • the vaporation and/or cavitation along with catalyst contact cause one or more of the following effects to occur with the fluid and/or fuel: the cracking of relatively long hydrocarbon chains into shorter chains; magnetic fields are induced into the fuel; and/or entrained water and impurities are released.
  • at least the reaction cartridge assembly 126 (see FIG. 1) initiates the formation of macroscopic bubbles in the fluid that implode into small, sub- microscopic, nano-clusters (where nano-clustesr are clusters of molecules typically ranging about from 1-100 nanometers in size). These implosions create high temperatures and high-pressures on a nano-scale.
  • a magnetic field within the fluid is also formed through magneto hydrodynamics (MHD).
  • An electromotive series can be established in some reaction cartridge assembly 126 where surrounding electromotive series negatively charges the fluid in the presence of a material catalyst. Further, the present embodiments can provide control over the flow of the fluid through the system that aids in controlling the treatment of the fluid and controlling the treatment of the fuel within the system.
  • the fluid enhancement system 120 in some implementations is an on-board fuel treatment center, increasing the overall quality of the fluids, such as diesel and gasoline fuels, and/or other fluids. The cracking of hydrocarbon chains into shorter hydrocarbon chains creates a more easily combustible fuel.
  • the reaction cartridge assembly can also allow entrained water and impurities from the fuel to be freed and captured by fuel filters external to the enhancement system 120.
  • the enhanced fuel is then supplied to the engine 2126 where the engine ignites the fuel with more complete combustion of the fuel supplied to the piston chamber, and further resulting in reduced emissions.
  • the fluid enhancement system is configured to be retrofitted into an exiting fuel line or other existing fluid consumption systems. Further, the fluid enhancement system can be incorporated directly into new engine designs, such as cooperated with the pump and/or fuel filter, or incorporated with a carburetor.
  • the improved combustion of treated fuel further provides greater thrust, and reduced fuel consumption.
  • the inventors of the subject fluid enhancement system further identified that with some combustion engine systems, such as long haul diesel engines, the fuel processed through the fluid enhancement system can potentially be over treated causing excessive breakdown of the fuel and thus reducing the beneficial effects of the enhanced fuel.
  • This adverse affect can occur in some diesel systems that recycle a portion of the fuel extracted from the tank.
  • diesel fuel is extracted from the tank passes through the enhancement system treating the fuel.
  • a portion of that fuel that was enhanced is recycled back to the tank to be later retrieved and again processed through the enhancement system.
  • portions of the fuel can be over treated and/or excessively cracked reducing the combustibility of the portion of the fuel.
  • bypass allows the system to control the level treatment and thus reduce the over treating of fuel and improved fuel efficiency and combustion.
  • the bypass control is implemented in some embodiments through one or more bypass aperture 922 (see FIG. 9) in the end cap.
  • the one or more bypass apertures in the end cap reduce the likelihood and/or effects of clogging and/or restriction of the flow, and other problems or errors.
  • FIG. 22 depicts an alternative embodiment of a reaction cartridge assembly 2220 for use in a fluid enhancement system.
  • the reaction cartridge assembly 2220 further includes a bypass tube or passage 2222 cooperated with in addition to the inner conduit 140, the spacer 146, and end cap 328.
  • the bypass tube 2222 is configured with a defined diameter and positioned along, for example, the exterior of the inner conduit to allow a defined percentage of fluid to bypass at least the plurality of holes 326 to limit and/or prevent treatment of that percentage of fluid.
  • the bypass tube can be formed of a catalytic material as described above and/or coated with a catalytic material. Still further in some embodiments, the bypass tube is used in cooperation with the end cap that includes one or more bypass apertures to control the treatment of the fluid: Other method can be employed to provide additional and/or alternative control of the treatment of the fluid.
  • the cooperation between the inner and outer conduits at the input can be configured to allow a portion of the fluid supplied to the reaction cartridge assembly 126 to pass directly to the outer conduit 142 where that portion of the fluid is not forced through the plurality of holes 326 thus allowing control over the treatment of the fluid.
  • additional catalytic material into the fluid enhancement system 120 and/or following the system.
  • Some systems include an additional fibrous webbing, array or matting of catalytic material, such as copper, aluminum, copper-aluminum alloy, other alloys and/or other relevant materials between the reaction cartridge assembly 126 and the vortex 132 or in other areas.
  • the fibrous matting exposes a large amount of surface area of one or more catalyst materials to fluid passing through and/or around the matting.
  • some embodiments further enhance the reactions within the fluid and improve the treatment of the fluid. Some embodiments further increase the number of windings of the biasing member 222 and/or implement alternate configurations to further increase surface area that is exposed to fluid traveling through the system. Some systems further increase the amount of catalyst that interacts with the fluid by incorporating a delivery tube between the fluid enhancement system and a fluid destination (e.g., an engine).
  • the delivery tube can include an interior lining or coating constructed from one or more catalyst materials, such as copper, aluminum, or copper alloy and/or other materials.
  • the fluid exiting the enhancement system is further treated through the exposure to additional catalyst in the delivery tube.
  • the fluid enhancement systems of the present embodiments enhance the properties of fuel and other fluids through multi-phase cavitation.
  • the enhanced and/or altered fuel can be burned with reduced emissions and carbon deposits within an engine while also increasing engine power output and thus providing better engine efficient and reducing fuel consumption.
  • combustion reactions within a diesel engine is the result of the combustion of a hydrocarbon, oxygen and an initial input of energy yielding water, carbon dioxide and a positive net heat reaction value.
  • the heat value is converted to power in an engine through the pressure of the thermal expiation against a piston.
  • the hydrocarbon should exist in a vapor state.
  • the heat of the reaction in the combustion chamber is often high enough to vaporize the majority of incoming fuel.
  • Treating fuel through the fluid enhancement system of the present embodiments provide in part for greater vaporization and thus greater combustion, increased power output and reduced emissions.
  • the present embodiments enhance diesel fuel by changing the properties of the fuel to a higher more reactive fuel through a change in vapor pressure from decane to heptane. This affects the activated combustion and increases the energy within the fuel. Further, this raises the Reid Vapor Pressure and greatly affects the activated combustion resulting in an increase of energy from the reaction and allows a more efficient combustion.
  • the fluid enhancement system of the present embodiments can be configured in substantially any size for many different applications, such as being incorporated with many different types of engines for use in treating fuel.
  • the fuel enhancement systems of the present embodiments may be further understood in view of co-pending U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 11/140,474 and 11/140,507, filed May 27, 2005, to Erihsson et al., entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR USE IN ENHANCING FUELS, and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,482,629 and 6,106,782. While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés et des appareils destinés à être utilisés pour améliorer et/ou traiter des fluides, tels que des carburants. Certaines formes de réalisation se rapportent à des appareils de traitement des carburants qui comprennent un premier conduit doté d'une extrémité d'entrée, d'une extrémité de sortie et d'une surface intérieure métallique; un deuxième conduit positionné et aligné axialement dans le premier conduit, le deuxième conduit présentant des première et deuxième extrémités et une pluralité d'orifices répartis sur au moins une partie d'une longueur du deuxième conduit; et une dérivation apposée au deuxième conduit et configurée pour réguler/commander une quantité d'écoulement de fluide sortant du deuxième conduit par la pluralité d'orifices répartis sur la partie de la longueur du deuxième conduit.
PCT/US2005/022569 2004-06-24 2005-06-24 Procede et appareil destines a etre utilises pour ameliorer des carburants WO2006002397A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58251404P 2004-06-24 2004-06-24
US58241904P 2004-06-24 2004-06-24
US60/582,514 2004-06-24
US60/582,419 2004-06-24
US66355305P 2005-03-18 2005-03-18
US60/663,553 2005-03-18
US66772005P 2005-04-01 2005-04-01
US60/667,720 2005-04-01
US11/140,474 US7383828B2 (en) 2004-06-24 2005-05-27 Method and apparatus for use in enhancing fuels
US11/140,507 2005-05-27
US11/140,507 US7428896B2 (en) 2004-06-24 2005-05-27 Method and apparatus for use in enhancing fuels
US11/140,474 2005-05-27

Publications (3)

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WO2006002397A2 true WO2006002397A2 (fr) 2006-01-05
WO2006002397A9 WO2006002397A9 (fr) 2006-03-09
WO2006002397A3 WO2006002397A3 (fr) 2006-07-27

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PCT/US2005/022868 WO2006033690A2 (fr) 2004-06-24 2005-06-24 Procede et appareil d'amelioration des carburants
PCT/US2005/022569 WO2006002397A2 (fr) 2004-06-24 2005-06-24 Procede et appareil destines a etre utilises pour ameliorer des carburants

Family Applications Before (1)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5048499A (en) * 1990-03-29 1991-09-17 Daywalt Clark L Fuel treatment device
US6106787A (en) * 1997-07-25 2000-08-22 Universal Environmental Technologies, Inc. Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics
US6405719B2 (en) * 2000-04-19 2002-06-18 Kiyoshi Nozato Device for suppressing black smoke emission

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5167782A (en) * 1991-03-27 1992-12-01 Marlow John R Method and apparatus for treating fuel
US5482629A (en) * 1994-12-07 1996-01-09 Universal Environmental Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for separating particles from liquids

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5048499A (en) * 1990-03-29 1991-09-17 Daywalt Clark L Fuel treatment device
US6106787A (en) * 1997-07-25 2000-08-22 Universal Environmental Technologies, Inc. Method of and apparatus for treating fluids to alter their physical characteristics
US6405719B2 (en) * 2000-04-19 2002-06-18 Kiyoshi Nozato Device for suppressing black smoke emission

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006033690A3 (fr) 2007-05-31
WO2006002397A9 (fr) 2006-03-09
WO2006002397A3 (fr) 2006-07-27
WO2006033690A2 (fr) 2006-03-30

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