WO2005121289A1 - Procede et installation permettant de produire de l'electricite - Google Patents

Procede et installation permettant de produire de l'electricite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005121289A1
WO2005121289A1 PCT/GB2005/050081 GB2005050081W WO2005121289A1 WO 2005121289 A1 WO2005121289 A1 WO 2005121289A1 GB 2005050081 W GB2005050081 W GB 2005050081W WO 2005121289 A1 WO2005121289 A1 WO 2005121289A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
plant material
fuel
refining
engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2005/050081
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Francis Mongan
Original Assignee
Stephen Francis Mongan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stephen Francis Mongan filed Critical Stephen Francis Mongan
Publication of WO2005121289A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005121289A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of, and an installation for, generating electrical power from oil-bearing plant material.
  • Vegetable oils can be extracted from a the seeds of a range of different plants, most notably oil-seed rape, which is widely grown in the EU.
  • Fuel oils derived from vegetable oil, commonly referred to as "bio-fuel” have been shown to be a satisfactory substitute for petroleum-derived fuels, with calorific values approaching those of petroleum-derived fuels, but with a significantly lower environmental impact, since less pollution results from their manufacture and use.
  • the invention provides a method of generating electrical power from oil-bearing plant material, comprising:
  • the invention also provides an installation for generating electrical power from oil-bearing plant material, comprising:
  • mixing means for mixing the comminuted material with fuel oil
  • RVO recovered vegetable oil
  • the recovered waste oil is preferably refined, either before or after mixing with the comminuted waste plant material.
  • the extracted oil may undergo a refining process to produce a refined fuel oil, which may be used in the engine powering the electrical generator or may be sold, for example as a fuel for diesel-engine road vehicles.
  • the refining stage suitably includes an esterification process to produce a refined fuel oil and glycerol.
  • Production of methyl esters is preferred, for example reacting the oil with methanol and sodium hydroxide.
  • the refining process and in particular the esterification of the oil, produces fuel oil at an elevated temperature
  • the heat exchanger preferably is preferably of the general type described in US 6 282 917, having heat pipes to improve heat transfer efficiency.
  • the fuel produced in accordance with the invention can be used in gas turbine engines with relatively minor modification to the burners.
  • the gas turbine engine is provided with two burners, a first supplied with the fuel oil produced by the refining stage (referred to as "Grade 1"), and the second with fuel oil containing the comminuted waste material mixed in (referred to as "Grade 2").
  • the turbine can be started using the Grade 1 fuel and then Grade 2 fuel can replace at least a part of the engine's fuel requirement, via the second burner.
  • the first burner is positioned slightly in front (downstream) of the second burner.
  • the gas turbine engine is provided with a heat exchanger to transfer thermal energy from the exhaust gases from the turbine to the compressed air leaving the compressor stage of the turbine, thereby reducing primary fuel use.
  • This heat exchanger may involve the use of heat pipes to improve heat transfer efficiency. It is also desirable to cool the air entering the turbine engine air intake to improve volumetric efficiency, and a chiller may be provided for this purpose.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an installation according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a gas turbine engine/generator unit for use in the installation of the invention. Mode(s) for carrying out the invention
  • the installation comprises a receiving hopper 1 into which the harvested oil seeds are delivered from neighbouring farms. From the hopper 1 , the oil seed is passed to a screw press 2, which has a helical screw with its shaft diameter increasing in the direction of the material flow to ensure a mulching compressing effect.
  • the crude vegetable oil is delivered under pressure through a perforated plate to the oil outlet. This oil comprises some 40% of the total weight of the seed. The remaining 60% is residual cake which by mass calorific value equates to some 45% of the total energy value.
  • the crude vegetable oil passes to a holding tank 3, alongside which are conveniently located storage tanks for recovered waste oil 4 and prime fuel 5, as well as alcohol 6.
  • the recovered waste oil is vegetable oil recovered from commercial cooking establishments, and is used in the processing of the residual cake, as hereinafter described.
  • the prime fuel tank 5 is optionally provided to store back-up fuel to guarantee electricity output, even if vegetable oil were not available.
  • the alcohol tank 6 holds process alcohol (ethanol or, preferably, methanol) for use in the trans- esterification process as hereinafter described.
  • the trans-esterification process is carried out in a series of batch reactors 7.
  • Vegetable oils are triglycerides, and esterification with alcohol breaks down the glyceride molecules to yield three methyl ester molecules and glycerol.
  • the resulting ester is of lower viscosity and higher calorific value than the crude oil.
  • Ethanol is typically produced industrially by fermentation, usually of grains, while methanol can be made from coal, natural gas or wood. It has been found that methanol produces a more stable bio-fuel reaction because it is less affected by water content in the oil than ethanol, but has the disadvantage of being toxic and more difficult to handle (for example, it tends to dissolve rubber).
  • the esterification reaction requires the presence of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as a catalyst.
  • the hydroxide is mixed with the methanol before being pumped into the reaction vessel 7 to be mixed in turn with the crude vegetable oil (and recovered vegetable oil, where used).
  • the reaction vessels or batch reactors 7 each contain a mixing paddle and a heating coil to maintain a reaction temperature of about 50°C.
  • the glycerol produced in the reaction settles to the bottom of the vessel 7. 75% of the reaction takes place in the first hour, but a period of four to six hours is typically required to bring the reaction to completion.
  • the glycerol and entrained hydroxide is drained off from the bottom of the vessel for further separation to produce refined glycerol to be stored in a storage tank 8 for subsequent use or sale.
  • the first reaction vessel 7 is now full of Bio-Fuel at a temperature of circa 50°C. Alongside is an identical pair of tanks, the reaction vessel Number Two full of CVO at an ambient temperature of circa 15°C.
  • a heat exchanger 9 is used to transfer energy from tank one to tank two. The heat exchanger may incorporate heat pipes to assist in heat transfer, for example as disclosed in US 6282 917. The resulting cooled Grade 1 fuel is pumped to fuel storage tanks 10.
  • the residual cake from the screw press 2 is passed to a blending hammer mill 11 to be pulverised into a very fine particulate form.
  • recovered vegetable oil is added to achieve the correct consistency and, under a certain temperature profile, the correct viscosity to be achieved.
  • the blend of comminuted waste solids and recovered waste vegetable oil produces a Grade 2 oil having a calorific value approximately 78% that of the Grade 1 fuel.
  • the oil is preferably also subjected to a trans-esterification process, either before or after mixing in of the comminuted solids. Up to about 55% by weight of the Grade 2 fuel may be provided by the comminuted waste cake from the hammer mill 11.
  • the fuel is supplied to a gas turbine engine 12, for example as hereinafter described with reference to Figure 2, driving a generator to supply power to the grid 13 via an interface controller and transformer 14.
  • the engine comprises an array of twin burner arrangements firing into a swirl chamber.
  • the Grade 1 fuel will fire through a standard traditional pressure burner. This Grade 1 fuel performs in every way the same as a light fuel oil.
  • the secondary burner is modified to accept Grade 2 fuel. Due to the consistency and viscosity variation the atomising configuration is slightly different. However by positioning the first burner slightly in front of the secondary burner, complete combustion takes place in the swirl chamber.
  • the hot gases generated by the combustion process drive a series of turbine wheels configured in an axial flow format.
  • the expanding gases create mechanical power.
  • This power drives the compressor part of the machine and also the power production part, the generator.
  • the temperature in the combustion chamber is in the order of 1000 degrees C and at the exit, after doing the work, is reduced to 570 degrees C.
  • a chilling coil 24 is located in the air intake 21 to the engine, since cooler air entering he compressor will be denser than warmer air.
  • the cooling water for the chilling coil 24 is produced using an absorption chiller 25 driven from the residual heat of the exhaust gases from the turbine, by way of a further heat exchanger in the exhaust outlet heating circulating water.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et une installation permettant de produire de l'électricité à partir d'une matière végétale huileuse. Selon le mode de réalisation décrit dans cette invention, la matière végétale résiduaire après extraction de l'huile est hachée puis combinée avec de l'huile qui peut être de l'huile végétale de récupération, l'huile extraite, ou un mélange des deux, afin d'être utilisée pour l'avitaillement d'une turbine à gaz alimentant un générateur électrique.
PCT/GB2005/050081 2004-06-08 2005-06-06 Procede et installation permettant de produire de l'electricite WO2005121289A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0412780A GB0412780D0 (en) 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Method of and installation for electrical power generation
GB0412780.9 2004-06-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005121289A1 true WO2005121289A1 (fr) 2005-12-22

Family

ID=32732120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2005/050081 WO2005121289A1 (fr) 2004-06-08 2005-06-06 Procede et installation permettant de produire de l'electricite

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB0412780D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005121289A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2433073A (en) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-13 Springdale Renewable Energy Lt Electrical power generation and oilseed processing method
GB2450155A (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-17 Renewable Energy Suppliers Ltd Combustible fuel
WO2009149874A1 (fr) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Neuhäuser GmbH Dispositif d’extraction d’huile végétale
ITMI20110328A1 (it) * 2011-03-02 2012-09-03 Massimo Bailo Sistema trasportabile di generazione di energia elettrica da materiali vegetali

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2012878A6 (es) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-16 Sanchez Villanueva Juan Metodo de fabricacion de un combustible solido, a partir de orujo, y producto asi obtenido.
JPH1017875A (ja) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-20 Niigata Eng Co Ltd ディーゼルエンジン用植物油廃油ブレンド燃料

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2012878A6 (es) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-16 Sanchez Villanueva Juan Metodo de fabricacion de un combustible solido, a partir de orujo, y producto asi obtenido.
JPH1017875A (ja) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-20 Niigata Eng Co Ltd ディーゼルエンジン用植物油廃油ブレンド燃料

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KARAOSMANOGLU FILIZ: "Biobriquetting of rapeseed cake", ENERGY SOURCES, vol. 22, no. 3, April 2000 (2000-04-01), pages 257 - 267, XP009048051, ISSN: 0090-8312 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 05 30 April 1998 (1998-04-30) *
YAMAN S ET AL: "Production of fuel briquettes from olive refuse and paper mill waste", FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY, XX, XX, vol. 68, no. 1, October 2000 (2000-10-01), pages 23 - 31, XP002329442, ISSN: 0378-3820 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2433073A (en) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-13 Springdale Renewable Energy Lt Electrical power generation and oilseed processing method
WO2007066120A1 (fr) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-14 Springdale Renewable Energy Ltd Production d'energie electrique et procede de traitement de graines oleagineuses
GB2450155A (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-17 Renewable Energy Suppliers Ltd Combustible fuel
WO2009149874A1 (fr) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Neuhäuser GmbH Dispositif d’extraction d’huile végétale
ITMI20110328A1 (it) * 2011-03-02 2012-09-03 Massimo Bailo Sistema trasportabile di generazione di energia elettrica da materiali vegetali
WO2012117356A3 (fr) * 2011-03-02 2013-04-18 Bailo Massimo Système transportable de génération d'énergie électrique à partir de matériaux végétaux

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Publication number Publication date
GB0412780D0 (en) 2004-07-14

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