WO2005121055A1 - Modified metal powder and method of increasing the bum rate and ignitability of a metal powder fuel - Google Patents

Modified metal powder and method of increasing the bum rate and ignitability of a metal powder fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005121055A1
WO2005121055A1 PCT/SE2005/000865 SE2005000865W WO2005121055A1 WO 2005121055 A1 WO2005121055 A1 WO 2005121055A1 SE 2005000865 W SE2005000865 W SE 2005000865W WO 2005121055 A1 WO2005121055 A1 WO 2005121055A1
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metal
base metal
powder
metal powder
alloying material
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PCT/SE2005/000865
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French (fr)
Inventor
Arno Hahma
Original Assignee
Totalförsvarets Forskningsinstitut
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Publication of WO2005121055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005121055A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of increasing the burn rate and ignitability of a metal powder fuel which contains an active base metal of Al, Mg, B, Ti, Zr, Hf or alloys of two or more of the same.
  • the invention also relates to a modified metal powder for use as fuel in propellant and explosive compositions.
  • Metal fuels usually in the form of powder or finely divided in some other manner, are used on a large scale in propellants and explosives to provide increased energy.
  • a drawback of metal fuels is that as a rule they do not burn completely within the time scale in which it is desirable to utilise their energy.
  • the explosive or propellant will be more sensitive to impact and friction the finer the powder. It is therefore desirable to be able to control the burn properties of the metal in some other way than by grain size and grain shape.
  • Swedish Patent 467,495 discloses an example of such an explosive composition which contains granules of baked-together metal powders which are alloyed exothermally with each other in the release of energy of the explosive, thus increasing the effect.
  • a difficulty in metal powder mixtures is to achieve a sufficiently intimate contact between the different metals for the alloying reactions to start quickly in the ignition of the powder.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a metal powder fuel with improved ignitability and burn rate, where each individual powder grain contains exothermally reacting components in intimate contact with each other. Another object is to provide a metal powder which is uniform in terms of handling and which can be used in pro- pellant and explosive compositions in the same way as the currently used metal powder fuels and replace these in prior-art compositions in order to improve the performance of the compositions.
  • a base metal powder selected among Al, Mg, B, Ti, Zr, Hf and alloys of two or more of the same is provided with a coating containing an alloying material which reacts exothermally with the base metal in the ignition of the metal powder.
  • the coating may consist of the alloying material or consist of an alloy which to a substantial part contains one or more of the alloying materials, or contain, for instance, metal sulphide or metal phosphide when the alloying material is S or P. How much of an exothermally reacting alloying material is required in the coating to provide a considerable increase of the burn rate and ignitability of the metal powder varies with the alloying enthalpy between the base metal and the alloying material and the weight ratio of coating/base metal. For certain combinations of base metal and alloying material, a positive effect can be achieved even at about 3% by weight of alloying material in the coating. The content is usually 10-100% by weight.
  • the coating is chemically applied to a powder of the base metal, i.e. by coating methods that do not require an outer power source, but the coating material is reduced from ion form in solution to a solid coating by chemical reaction with the base metal or with a reducing agent in the treatment solution.
  • a large number of variants of such coating methods are known and referred to as chemical plating or electroless plating.
  • the methods are suited for coating of powders since they give a uniform coating of all surfaces independently of the form of the substrate.
  • the coating material is dissolved in the plating bath, often bound to a chelating or complex- binding agent.
  • a reducing agent may be included in the bath, for instance hypo- phosphite, formaldehyde etc.
  • the redox reaction between the reducing agent and the coating material is catalysed by the precipitated coating metal.
  • the catalytic effect can be exerted by the base metal itself or by the base metal being pretreated to achieve this effect.
  • a large number of plating baths of this type are commercially available.
  • the base metal constitutes the reducing agent, and part of the base metal is dissolved while at the same time the coating material is reduced and precipitates on the base metal.
  • This type of electroless plating is often referred to as immersion plating or replacement plating, and the composition of the plating baths is simpler than that of the baths containing a reducing agent.
  • Both types of bath can be used according to the invention and are selected according to which combination of base metal and alloying material is involved. In the latter method, the base metal is required to have a higher oxidation potential than the alloying material.
  • the coating preferably constitutes 1-10% of the weight of the base metal. Thick coating layers can be provided by autocatalytic plating processes since the reaction is catalysed by the precipitated alloying material. In replacement plating, however, the reaction is discontinued when the base metal is fully covered by the alloying material.
  • the exothermal reaction between the base metal and the alloying material starts when the metal powder is heated to a relatively high temperature, which occurs when the powder is ignited in a propellant or explosive composition.
  • the coating serves as extra protection against oxidation of the base metal.
  • a coated metal powder according to the invention can be made chemically more stable than an untreated powder of the base metal. Since the entire surface of the base metal is coated by the coating metal, the coating metal will determine the chemical appearance of the powder at normal temperatures.
  • Many of the conceivable coating metals are highly corrosion-resistant and inert materials, which make it possible to use the coated powder in compositions where the base metal would normally not be fit.
  • the alloying material can be selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, S, P, Cr, Mo, B, Ce, Nb and the platinum metals.
  • S and P can be applied to the base metal in the form of a sulphide or phosphide of a suitable coating metal, for instance Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Ce and Nb.
  • Alkali metal sulphite or alkali metal sulphide can also be added to plating solutions for different metals and then form metal sulphide in the surface coating formed.
  • Plating baths which contain hypophosphite as the reducing agent usually give a certain percentage of metal phosphide in the coating formed.
  • Nickel and iron layers applied in a plating bath containing hypophosphite may contain, for instance, 5-10% nickel and iron phosphide respectively.
  • the metal phosphide content in the coating layer can easily be increased to about 50% merely by increasing the hypophosphite content in the plating bath.
  • the mechanical proper- ties of the surface layer will then be impaired but can be sufficient for a metal powder fuel.
  • the alloying material may be selected from the same group as stated above, and from Sn, Pb, Ag and Au.
  • the alloying material can be selected from Ti, Zr, Mo, Al and Nb.
  • the alloying material can be selected from C, B, S and P.
  • S and P can be applied in the form of a sulphide and phosphide, respectively, of an optional metal, which can easily be applied to the base metal.
  • the invention will in the following be illustrated by some typical examples of methods of coating the base metal with the alloying material.
  • the rate at which the coated metal powder was reacted with oxygen was measured by TGA experiments and compared with untreated powder of the same grain size and grain shape.
  • a sample quantity of 10+2 mg was placed in an aluminium oxide pot and measured in a thermobalance in an oxygen flow with a heating rate of 20°/min in the range of 100-1100°.
  • the increase in weight owing to oxidation was registered as a function of the temperature to 1100° and this temperature was then kept constant for another 10 minutes in order to complete the oxidation of the sample to a stationary level.
  • Aluminium powder is suspended in clean water and a small amount of hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid is added.
  • the amount of acid can be from 0.01 to 10 mole % of the amount of base metal. Preferably, use is made of 0.1 to 1 mole %, most preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mole %.
  • the task of the acid is to remove oxides and activate the aluminium for the iron coating. After a few minutes the metal powder is filtered off or the solution is decanted, but the powder is not dried. The acid-wet powder is then mixed with a non-electrolytic iron bath. The bath is stirred so that each particle will be evenly coated with iron.
  • Layer thicknesses of between 0.01 and 10 ⁇ m can be pro- prised by controlling the temperature and time of treatment.
  • a layer thickness of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m is selected, most preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
  • a large number of iron baths for electroless plating of aluminium are commercially available and contain instructions about how to handle them to provide different layer thicknesses of iron.
  • Aluminium powder treated in this way burns 10-20 times quicker than untreated powder of the same grain size and grain shape.
  • Example 2 The method is the same as in Example 1 but instead of a non-electrolytic iron bath, a non-electrolytic nickel bath is used.
  • Aluminium powder treated in this way burns 50-100 times quicker than untreated powder of the same grain size and grain shape.
  • the aluminium powder is suspended in diluted acid in the same way as in Example 1. Subsequently a concentrated solution of a nickel salt, for instance nickel sulphate or nickel chloride, is added to the same suspension.
  • a nickel salt for instance nickel sulphate or nickel chloride
  • the amount of nickel is selected between 0.01 and 5 mole % of the molar amount of aluminium. Preferably 0.05 to 2 mole % is used, most preferably between 0.5 and 2 mole %.
  • the solution of nickel salt is greenish and as the nickel ions are reduced and precipitated as fine-grained metallic nickel on the aluminium powder, the green colour fades. When the solution is no longer green, the powder is filtered off and dried.
  • Aluminium powder treated in this manner burns 100-200 times quicker than untreated powder of the same grain size and grain shape.
  • the method is the same as in Example 3 but instead of aluminium powder as the base metal, use is made of magnesium powder or powder of magnesium aluminium alloy.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)

Abstract

A modified metal powder fuel containing a base metal of Al, Mg, B, Ti, Zr, Hf or alloys of two or more of the same and a coating applied to the base metal and containing an alloying material which reacts exothermally with the base metal in ignition of the metal powder. The invention also relates to a method of improving the bum rate and ignitability of a metal powder fuel of said base metal by the alloying material being applied to the base metal by a chemical plating process.

Description

Modified metal powder and method of increasing the burn rate and ignitabilitv of a metal powder fuel
The invention relates to a method of increasing the burn rate and ignitability of a metal powder fuel which contains an active base metal of Al, Mg, B, Ti, Zr, Hf or alloys of two or more of the same. The invention also relates to a modified metal powder for use as fuel in propellant and explosive compositions.
Metal fuels, usually in the form of powder or finely divided in some other manner, are used on a large scale in propellants and explosives to provide increased energy. A drawback of metal fuels is that as a rule they do not burn completely within the time scale in which it is desirable to utilise their energy. Up to now, it has been necessary to grind the metals to a very fine powder to make them burn and ignite sufficiently quickly. Grinding of metals, however, is expensive, and it is difficult in fine grinding to control the quality of the powder as to surface structure, grain size, specific surface etc. In addition, the explosive or propellant will be more sensitive to impact and friction the finer the powder. It is therefore desirable to be able to control the burn properties of the metal in some other way than by grain size and grain shape.
It is already known that different metal powders in mixture may cause greatly exothermal alloying reactions with each other when the powder mixture is ignited, which increases the temperature of the burning metal and accelerates burning. Swedish Patent 467,495 discloses an example of such an explosive composition which contains granules of baked-together metal powders which are alloyed exothermally with each other in the release of energy of the explosive, thus increasing the effect.
A difficulty in metal powder mixtures is to achieve a sufficiently intimate contact between the different metals for the alloying reactions to start quickly in the ignition of the powder.
An object of the present invention is to provide a metal powder fuel with improved ignitability and burn rate, where each individual powder grain contains exothermally reacting components in intimate contact with each other. Another object is to provide a metal powder which is uniform in terms of handling and which can be used in pro- pellant and explosive compositions in the same way as the currently used metal powder fuels and replace these in prior-art compositions in order to improve the performance of the compositions.
This is achieved by a method and a metal powder as defined in the claims.
According to the invention, a base metal powder selected among Al, Mg, B, Ti, Zr, Hf and alloys of two or more of the same is provided with a coating containing an alloying material which reacts exothermally with the base metal in the ignition of the metal powder. The coating may consist of the alloying material or consist of an alloy which to a substantial part contains one or more of the alloying materials, or contain, for instance, metal sulphide or metal phosphide when the alloying material is S or P. How much of an exothermally reacting alloying material is required in the coating to provide a considerable increase of the burn rate and ignitability of the metal powder varies with the alloying enthalpy between the base metal and the alloying material and the weight ratio of coating/base metal. For certain combinations of base metal and alloying material, a positive effect can be achieved even at about 3% by weight of alloying material in the coating. The content is usually 10-100% by weight.
The coating is chemically applied to a powder of the base metal, i.e. by coating methods that do not require an outer power source, but the coating material is reduced from ion form in solution to a solid coating by chemical reaction with the base metal or with a reducing agent in the treatment solution. A large number of variants of such coating methods are known and referred to as chemical plating or electroless plating. The methods are suited for coating of powders since they give a uniform coating of all surfaces independently of the form of the substrate. The coating material is dissolved in the plating bath, often bound to a chelating or complex- binding agent. A reducing agent may be included in the bath, for instance hypo- phosphite, formaldehyde etc. In autocatalytic plating, the redox reaction between the reducing agent and the coating material is catalysed by the precipitated coating metal. As the reaction starts, the catalytic effect can be exerted by the base metal itself or by the base metal being pretreated to achieve this effect. A large number of plating baths of this type are commercially available. In another type of electroless plating, the base metal constitutes the reducing agent, and part of the base metal is dissolved while at the same time the coating material is reduced and precipitates on the base metal. This type of electroless plating is often referred to as immersion plating or replacement plating, and the composition of the plating baths is simpler than that of the baths containing a reducing agent. Both types of bath can be used according to the invention and are selected according to which combination of base metal and alloying material is involved. In the latter method, the base metal is required to have a higher oxidation potential than the alloying material.
In the modified metal powder according to the invention, the coating preferably constitutes 1-10% of the weight of the base metal. Thick coating layers can be provided by autocatalytic plating processes since the reaction is catalysed by the precipitated alloying material. In replacement plating, however, the reaction is discontinued when the base metal is fully covered by the alloying material.
The exothermal reaction between the base metal and the alloying material starts when the metal powder is heated to a relatively high temperature, which occurs when the powder is ignited in a propellant or explosive composition. However, at normal temperatures, the coating serves as extra protection against oxidation of the base metal. As a result, a coated metal powder according to the invention can be made chemically more stable than an untreated powder of the base metal. Since the entire surface of the base metal is coated by the coating metal, the coating metal will determine the chemical appearance of the powder at normal temperatures. Many of the conceivable coating metals are highly corrosion-resistant and inert materials, which make it possible to use the coated powder in compositions where the base metal would normally not be fit.
When base metal is Al, the alloying material can be selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, S, P, Cr, Mo, B, Ce, Nb and the platinum metals. S and P can be applied to the base metal in the form of a sulphide or phosphide of a suitable coating metal, for instance Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Ce and Nb. Alkali metal sulphite or alkali metal sulphide can also be added to plating solutions for different metals and then form metal sulphide in the surface coating formed. Plating baths which contain hypophosphite as the reducing agent usually give a certain percentage of metal phosphide in the coating formed. Nickel and iron layers applied in a plating bath containing hypophosphite may contain, for instance, 5-10% nickel and iron phosphide respectively. The metal phosphide content in the coating layer can easily be increased to about 50% merely by increasing the hypophosphite content in the plating bath. The mechanical proper- ties of the surface layer will then be impaired but can be sufficient for a metal powder fuel. When the base metal is Mg, the alloying material may be selected from the same group as stated above, and from Sn, Pb, Ag and Au.
When the base metal is B, the alloying material can be selected from Ti, Zr, Mo, Al and Nb.
When the base metal is Ti, Zr or Hf, the alloying material can be selected from C, B, S and P. In the same way as described above, S and P can be applied in the form of a sulphide and phosphide, respectively, of an optional metal, which can easily be applied to the base metal.
The invention will in the following be illustrated by some typical examples of methods of coating the base metal with the alloying material.
The rate at which the coated metal powder was reacted with oxygen was measured by TGA experiments and compared with untreated powder of the same grain size and grain shape. A sample quantity of 10+2 mg was placed in an aluminium oxide pot and measured in a thermobalance in an oxygen flow with a heating rate of 20°/min in the range of 100-1100°. The increase in weight owing to oxidation was registered as a function of the temperature to 1100° and this temperature was then kept constant for another 10 minutes in order to complete the oxidation of the sample to a stationary level. These data, compared with corresponding data for untreated powder, are used as a base for the following assessments of how much quicker the coated powder burns.
Example 1
Coating of Aluminium Powder with Iron
Aluminium powder is suspended in clean water and a small amount of hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid is added. The amount of acid can be from 0.01 to 10 mole % of the amount of base metal. Preferably, use is made of 0.1 to 1 mole %, most preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mole %. The task of the acid is to remove oxides and activate the aluminium for the iron coating. After a few minutes the metal powder is filtered off or the solution is decanted, but the powder is not dried. The acid-wet powder is then mixed with a non-electrolytic iron bath. The bath is stirred so that each particle will be evenly coated with iron. Layer thicknesses of between 0.01 and 10 μm can be pro- duced by controlling the temperature and time of treatment. Preferably, a layer thickness of 0.1 to 5 μm is selected, most preferably 0.1 to 1 μm. A large number of iron baths for electroless plating of aluminium are commercially available and contain instructions about how to handle them to provide different layer thicknesses of iron.
Aluminium powder treated in this way burns 10-20 times quicker than untreated powder of the same grain size and grain shape.
Example 2 Coating of Aluminium Powder with Nickel
The method is the same as in Example 1 but instead of a non-electrolytic iron bath, a non-electrolytic nickel bath is used.
Aluminium powder treated in this way burns 50-100 times quicker than untreated powder of the same grain size and grain shape.
Example 3
Precipitation of Nickel in fine-grained Form on Aluminium Powder
The aluminium powder is suspended in diluted acid in the same way as in Example 1. Subsequently a concentrated solution of a nickel salt, for instance nickel sulphate or nickel chloride, is added to the same suspension. The amount of nickel is selected between 0.01 and 5 mole % of the molar amount of aluminium. Preferably 0.05 to 2 mole % is used, most preferably between 0.5 and 2 mole %. The solution of nickel salt is greenish and as the nickel ions are reduced and precipitated as fine-grained metallic nickel on the aluminium powder, the green colour fades. When the solution is no longer green, the powder is filtered off and dried.
Aluminium powder treated in this manner burns 100-200 times quicker than untreated powder of the same grain size and grain shape.
Example 4
Precipitation of Nickel in fine-grained Form on Magnesium Powder or on Powder of
Magnesium Aluminium Alloy
The method is the same as in Example 3 but instead of aluminium powder as the base metal, use is made of magnesium powder or powder of magnesium aluminium alloy.

Claims

Claims:
1. A metal powder suitable for use as fuel in propellant and explosive compositions containing a base metal of Al, Mg, B, Ti, Zr, Hf or alloys of two or more of the same, characterised in that the metal powder particles have a coating containing an alloying material which reacts exothermally with the base metal in ignition of the metal powder.
2. A metal powder as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the base metal is Al, and that the alloying material is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, S, P, Cr, Mo, B, Ce, Nb and the platinum metals.
3. A metal powder as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the base metal is Al, and the alloying material is Ni.
4. A metal powder as claimed in claim 1 , characterised in that the base metal is Mg, and that the alloying material is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn,
5. P, Cr, Mo, B, Ce, Nb, Sn, Pb, Ag, Au and the platinum metals.
5. A metal powder as claimed in claim 1 , characterised in that the base metal is B, and that the alloying material is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Mo, Al and Nb.
6. A metal powder as claimed in claim 1 , characterised in that the base metal is Ti, Zr or Hf, and that the alloying material is selected from the group consisting of C, B, P and S.
7. A metal powder as claimed in claim 1 , characterised in that the coating is chemi- cally applied to powder particles of the base metal.
8. A metal powder as claimed in claim 1 , characterised in that the coating constitutes 1-10% of the weight of the base metal.
9. A method of improving the burn rate and ignitability of a metal powder fuel of a base metal selected from Al, Mg, B, Ti, Zr, Hf or alloys of two or more of the same, characterised in that a coating containing an alloying material, which is capable of reacting exothermally with the base metal in ignition of the metal powder, is chemically applied to the powder particles of the base metal.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the base metal is Al, and that the alloying material is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, S, P, Cr, Mo, B, Ce, Nb and the platinum metals.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the base metal is Al, and the alloying material is Ni.
12. A method as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the base metal is Mg, and that the alloying material is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, S, P, Cr, Mo, B, Ce, Nb, Sn, Pb, Ag, Au and the platinum metals.
13. A method as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the base metal is B, and that the alloying material is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Mo, Al and Nb.
14. A method as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the base metal is Ti, Zr or Hf, and that the alloying material is selected from the group consisting of C, B P and S.
PCT/SE2005/000865 2004-06-08 2005-06-08 Modified metal powder and method of increasing the bum rate and ignitability of a metal powder fuel WO2005121055A1 (en)

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SE0401456-9 2004-06-08
SE0401456A SE527338C2 (en) 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Modified Metal Powder Fuel and Ways to Increase Burning Speed and Flammability of Metal Powder Fuel

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009046287A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company Exothermic alloying bimetallic particles
WO2009102259A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Totalförsvarets Forskningsinstitut Method of increasing the burn rate, ignitability and chemical stability of an energetic fuel, and an energetic fuel
WO2022031863A1 (en) * 2020-08-05 2022-02-10 Spectre Enterprises, Inc. Passivated fuel
CN115200420A (en) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-18 萍乡市金坪烟花制造有限公司 Environment-friendly airport high-altitude bird-repelling bomb and preparation method thereof
US11650037B2 (en) 2021-02-16 2023-05-16 Spectre Materials Sciences, Inc. Primer for firearms and other munitions

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4202691A (en) * 1978-11-21 1980-05-13 Eutectic Corporation Metallo-thermic powder
US5030301A (en) * 1990-09-28 1991-07-09 Honeywell, Inc. Oxidizer coated metal fuels with means to prevent auto-ignition

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4202691A (en) * 1978-11-21 1980-05-13 Eutectic Corporation Metallo-thermic powder
US5030301A (en) * 1990-09-28 1991-07-09 Honeywell, Inc. Oxidizer coated metal fuels with means to prevent auto-ignition

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009046287A1 (en) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company Exothermic alloying bimetallic particles
WO2009102259A1 (en) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Totalförsvarets Forskningsinstitut Method of increasing the burn rate, ignitability and chemical stability of an energetic fuel, and an energetic fuel
WO2022031863A1 (en) * 2020-08-05 2022-02-10 Spectre Enterprises, Inc. Passivated fuel
US11650037B2 (en) 2021-02-16 2023-05-16 Spectre Materials Sciences, Inc. Primer for firearms and other munitions
CN115200420A (en) * 2022-07-22 2022-10-18 萍乡市金坪烟花制造有限公司 Environment-friendly airport high-altitude bird-repelling bomb and preparation method thereof
CN115200420B (en) * 2022-07-22 2023-09-01 萍乡市金坪烟花制造有限公司 Environment-friendly airport high-altitude bird-expelling bomb and preparation method thereof

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SE527338C2 (en) 2006-02-14
SE0401456D0 (en) 2004-06-08

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