WO2005120938A1

WO2005120938A1 - Three-wheel motor vehicle and method for the operation thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2005120938A1
Application number: PCT/DE2005/001057
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernhard Niedermayr
Original assignee: Bernhard Niedermayr
Priority date: 2004-06-14
Filing date: 2005-06-14
Publication date: 2005-12-22

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-wheel motor vehicle (1) comprising a rear axle (7) with two rear wheels (H) as well as a frame (2) which is connected to the rear axle (7) by means of a tilting technique (20) and is provided with a single steerable front wheel (V) on a front wheel fork (21). Steering mechanisms (22) whose actuators (23) are accessible at least substantially below and/or next to a driver's (4) seat (3) which is associated with the frame (2), are provided for steering the front wheel (V). The invention further relates to a method for operating a three-wheel motor vehicle (1), according to which a driver (4) actuates actuators (23) of steering mechanisms (22) to steer a single front wheel (V) of the three-wheel motor vehicle (1) comprising a frame (2), said actuators (23) being accessible below and/or next to a seat (3) associated with the frame (2).

Description

Tricycle motor vehicle and operating method therefor

description

The invention relates to a tricycle motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 and an operating method therefor according to the preamble of claim X.

The first motor-driven vehicle from Carl Benz was a three-wheel motor vehicle. An overview of this design can be obtained, for example, from the Internet address "http://www.3wheelers.com/enter.html".

After such three-wheeled motor vehicles were used as cheap motorization options mainly in practice until the beginning of the second half of the last century and became rather insignificant afterwards, not least due to energy saving efforts and space problems in city centers, there has recently been great interest in such vehicles again ,

Similar to the cabin scooter that was very popular in Germany in the period after the Second World War, the technology of the vehicles of the past 50 years has mainly developed with two front wheels on a common front axle and a single rear wheel.

At the Internet address "http://www.carver-europe.com/" you can find information on a three-wheeled motor vehicle from Vandenbrink b.v, 3301 DB Dordrecht, the Netherlands, called "Carver". The Carver is a vehicle with a front wheel and two rear wheels located on a common driven axle, as well as a frame that is mounted on the rear wheel axle using a tilting technology. This means that the frame, which also carries seat equipment, tilts in the direction of the curve together with a steerable front wheel fork when cornering, or in other words that the vehicle, with the exception of the rear wheel axle, assumes an inclined position like a motorcycle. This

Technology not only allows a sporty driving style, but also improves the safety and manageability of such a vehicle compared to other tricycle concepts. The construction of the carver, ie including the tilting technology, had earlier models. In any case, in 1921 a three-wheeled vehicle called "Gasi" was built in Berlin in Germany with two wheels at the front and two at the rear and with tilt technology. In the early 1980s, General Motors experimented with a concept vehicle called "Lean Machine" with basically the same structure and function. Other tricycles with tilting technology are available at the Internet address "http://www.toomonline.com/", menu item "Tilting Threewheelers" (tilting tricycles), and as another recent example at the Internet address "http: //www.clever-project .net "to find.

Even if this design has clear advantages in terms of driving stability, effort and cost compared to a design with a two-wheel front axle and is also clearly superior to a design with a single front wheel without tilting technology, the Carver also has serious disadvantages. These are in particular that this vehicle is very complex, so that it is quite expensive and large. The high price of currently approx.

Euro 29,000.00 and the large space requirement with a length of 3.40 m, a height of 1.40 m and a width of 1.30 m as well as the comparatively high weight of 620 kg for the vehicle, which only offers space for two people stand in the way of spreading.

The aim of the present invention is to improve the usability of tricycle motor vehicles.

For this purpose, the present invention provides a tricycle motor vehicle according to claim 1 and an operating method for such a tricycle motor vehicle according to claim X.

The tricycle motor vehicle according to the invention contains a rear axle with two rear wheels and a frame which is connected to the rear axle by means of a tilting technique and which has a single front wheel on a front wheel fork which is steerable, wherein steering devices are also provided for steering the front wheel, their actuating devices at least are accessible to a driver essentially below and / or laterally of a seat assigned to the frame.

In the operating method according to the invention, it is provided that a driver for steering a front wheel of a three-wheel motor vehicle with a frame below and / or laterally of a seat assigned to the frame actuates actuating devices of steering devices. The tricycle motor vehicle and its operating method allow an inexpensive and space-saving design for the tricycle motor vehicle. An extremely comfortable posture for the driver is also achieved. A particular advantage of the actuation devices of the steering devices, which are accessible to a driver below and / or to the side of the seat assigned to the frame, is that the seat is completely unhindered for getting in or out, so that even people with disabilities, in particular from the hip can easily climb or climb downwards, or be seated in or on it, as the driver of such a three-wheel motor vehicle. In contrast to all other known generic tricycle motor vehicles, the tricycle motor vehicle according to the invention thus enables many motorcyclists, in particular those who have been disabled by an accident, to be able to drive a vehicle themselves with the feeling that they can "bend" into curves.

The actuating devices of the steering devices preferably contain a lower link, which in particular is pivotably arranged at least essentially under the seat.

Alternatively, a joystick can also preferably be part of the actuating devices of the steering devices in addition to the seat.

Another preferred embodiment consists in the fact that the tilting technology contains sensor devices for detecting driving operating states, control devices for evaluating the detected driving operating states and actuating devices for adjusting inclinations of the frame relative to the rear axle depending on the evaluation result of the control devices. It can also be preferred that the sensor devices contain a centrifugal force sensor and that the centrifugal force sensor is in particular designed to detect occurring centrifugal forces in direction and / or size continuously or stepwise, further preferably the sensor devices contain an inclination sensor, which preferably is carried out integrally or in combination with the centrifugal force sensor that the inclination sensor is in particular designed to detect occurring inclinations in the direction and / or size continuously or stepwise. As an alternative or in addition, it can be provided that the control devices are designed to initiate an inclination adjustment only when driving and in particular depending on the driving speed via the actuating devices, and / or that the actuating devices contain an actuator, in particular with an electric motor, and an actuating cylinder which can be acted upon, and that the actuating cylinder is preferably designed and arranged directly or via mechanical devices between the rear axle and the frame for adjusting the angular position therebetween. It can also be preferred that the steering devices contain transmission devices coupled to the actuation devices, which are arranged and designed to form a functional connection of the actuation devices with the front axle fork for their steering movement, in particular the transmission devices containing lever devices and / or rack devices, and or wherein the transmission devices are accommodated in whole or in part in and / or under the frame.

A further preferred embodiment consists in the fact that the actuation devices and / or, if applicable, the transmission devices contain servo devices to support steering operations by the driver. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the actuating devices and / or possibly the transmission devices and / or possibly servo devices are connected in a controlling manner to the tilting technology, in particular a control unit belonging to it.

In yet another preferred development, it is provided that drive devices are included which are connected to the rear axle and / or that propulsion devices are at least included without a direct connection to the rear axle. The drive devices and / or the propulsion devices can contain at least one motor which is an internal combustion engine or electric motor and / or which is designed as a hub motor and / or which is arranged at least approximately at the same height as the rear axle and / or which is arranged in front of the Rear axle is arranged. Further developments consist of the fact that the drive devices are designed as hybrid drives and / or contain at least two motors with different operating resources, or that the propulsion devices contain a motor-driven air propeller, and / or that the drive devices drive step devices with at least two drive steps included, in particular the speed step devices contain shift and / or automatic transmission devices, and further preferably the speed step devices with manual transmission devices include clutch devices which can be opened and closed via release devices on the actuating devices of the steering devices, and drive step selector devices which act as a switching pedal for foot actuation are trained by the driver. It is also preferable to provide that the drive devices contain a speed controller, which is designed, in particular, as a speed control handle on the lower link or as a function on the joystick or as a speed control pedal for foot actuation by the driver.

Another preferred embodiment is that braking devices are included which act on the front axle. It is also particularly preferred if the Braking devices also act on the rear axle, and that the braking devices contain a braking force distributor, by means of which the braking force of the braking devices is distributed between the front axle and the rear axle according to a fixed ratio or in a controllable manner. Further refinements of this consist in the fact that the braking devices contain at least one disc brake and a drum brake, which acts on a wheel, and / or that

Braking devices contain a brake booster, and / or that the braking devices contain a rear axle brake which acts directly on a shaft of the rear axle. Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the braking devices contain activation devices or that activation devices are assigned to the braking devices, which preferably contain a pedal, a manual operating lever and / or a joystick.

Furthermore, it is preferred if differential devices are provided for or in the rear axle, further preferably the differential devices contain a limited slip differential that can be locked, in particular automatically and / or manually, preferably to a variable extent.

Yet another preferred embodiment consists in that the frame is pivotally connected to the rear axle via at least one ball joint, wherein in particular the frame is pivotally connected to the rear axle via at least two ball joints, one of which acts, preferably at the front and one at the rear, on the rear axle in front and behind a motor of drive devices.

In connection with the jacking devices specified further above, a further embodiment consists in that in particular removable wings are provided.

Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that driving aids, preferably an anti-lock braking system and / or an anti-slip system and / or an anti-skid system, are included.

It is also preferred that the overall width of the vehicle at least not significantly exceed 100 cm, preferably 100 cm or less, and in particular approximately 85 cm to 100 cm. As an alternative or in addition, it is preferably provided that the center distance from the front axle to the rear axle of the vehicle does not at least not substantially exceed 200 cm, preferably 200 cm or less, and in particular approximately 180 cm to

Is 200 cm. It is particularly preferred that the ratio of the overall width of the driving witness to the center distance from the front axle to the rear axle of the vehicle is at least approximately 1: 2.

Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the seat is designed like a bucket seat and / or that the seat can be replaced. Alternatively or additionally, it is preferred if footrests and / or drive-controlling foot pedals are arranged on the frame in the region of the front wheel fork, preferably in the direction of a forward drive behind it.

Further alternatives are that a leg protection bag is included, which preferably has a zipper for getting in and out and / or is connected to the seat or merges into the seat, and / or that protective and / or aerodynamic covers and / or as further components / or a roof and / or a windshield are provided, which components are preferably designed to be opened or folded away.

A preferred development of the operating method according to the invention specified above consists in the fact that a three-wheel motor vehicle, as has been specified above in numerous variants, alternatives and design options, is operated in a functional and / or intended manner, that is to say method features are derived from the functional and / or intended Derive implementation of the device features directly or indirectly.

Further advantageous and / or preferred configurations of the three-wheeled motor vehicle and the operating method therefor result from the respective dependent claims and, moreover, from the entirety of the documents available.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which

1 shows a schematic side view of a first exemplary embodiment of a three-wheel motor vehicle according to the invention,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic front view of the exemplary embodiment of the three-wheel motor vehicle from FIG. 1, and

Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of a three-wheel motor vehicle. On the basis of the exemplary embodiments and application examples described below and illustrated in the drawings, the invention is only explained in more detail by way of example. Process and device features also result analogously from device or process descriptions.

Identical reference symbols in the individual figures and illustrations of the drawings denote identical or similar or identically or similarly acting components. Features that are not provided with reference numerals also become clear on the basis of the representations in the drawing, regardless of whether such features are described below or not. On the other hand, features which are contained in the present description but are not visible or shown in the drawing are also readily understandable for a person skilled in the art.

Individual features that specify and / or are shown in connection with specific exemplary embodiments are not limited to these exemplary embodiments or the combination with the other features of these exemplary embodiments, but can, within the scope of what is technically possible, with any other variants, even if they are shown in FIGS available documents are not treated separately, can be combined.

1 and 2, a first embodiment of a three-wheel motor vehicle 1 is shown in a schematic side view and front view. This tricycle motor vehicle 1 has as a central element a frame 2 to which a seat 3 for a person 4, i.e. at least the driver 4 is mounted. For safety reasons, a suitably shaped roll bar 5 is preferably attached to the frame 2 in such a way that it seats a person 4 sitting on the seat 3 when the tricycle motor vehicle 1 overturns, in particular against head and shoulders

Protects neck injuries. Furthermore, the roll bar 5 is preferably attached and designed such that lateral protection for the person 4 is ensured even when the tricycle motor vehicle 1 simply tips over. For example, a roof (not shown) for the user (s) of the three-wheeled motor vehicle 1 can also be attached above the roll bar 5 in order to offer protection against rain and sun. As a further alternative, a windshield (not shown) can also be attached to the roof, which protects the driver 4 when driving against wind, weather and dust and insects in the air and stone chips. It can be provided in each case that the roof and / or the windshield is / are designed to be foldable to the side or upwards in order to make it easier to get in and out. If the tricycle motor vehicle 1 is designed and designed for more than one person 4, the seat 3 or a corresponding number of seats are suitably arranged and designed. The same applies to the roll bar 5 or a corresponding number of roll bars.

In the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a steerable first axle is attached to the frame 2 in front in the forward direction of travel, that is to say a front axle 6, in front of the seat 3 (could also be under the seat 3) and serves to change the direction of travel. A second axle is correspondingly mounted behind the seat 3 (could also be under the seat 3), that is to say a rear axle 7, and is in any case not fundamentally designed to change the direction of travel, even if, according to preferred further developments, it can contribute to this.

The steerable first axle, i.e. in the present case the front axle 6 is connected via a fork, i.e. a front wheel fork, as is customary in the case of bicycles and motorcycles, is pivotably connected to the frame 2 in order to change the direction of travel. A single front wheel V is also suspended from the frame 2 via this fork via suspensions and shock absorbers, which are also known from technology, in particular from motorcycles and which can be integrated into the fork.

The second axis, i.e. In the present exemplary embodiment, the rear axle 7 is arranged on the frame 2 behind the seat 3 and carries two rear wheels H. To increase driving comfort, the rear axle 7 is supported on the frame 2 or on the roll bar 5 attached to it via shock-absorbing devices 8 and suitable suspension means 9 , Conventional shock absorbers and suspension springs from motorcycle, quad and even automotive technology can be used here.

According to the first embodiment of the three-wheeled motor vehicle 1 in FIGS. 1 and 2, a shock absorber as shock absorbing means 8 with suitable suspension means 9 is articulated on the one hand on the roll bar 5 and on the other hand essentially on the rear axle 7 itself. A motor 10 is in front of the rear axle 7 in driving connection with the latter.

In a second embodiment of the tricycle motor vehicle 1, as shown in FIG. 3 in a schematic plan view, the resilient and shock-absorbing support of the rear axle 7 is realized between the frame 2 directly on the one hand and a pivot point behind the rear axle 7 on the other hand.

In both the first and the second exemplary embodiment, the unit is composed of the rear axle 7 and the motor 10 so that the suspension and shock absorption of the rear axle 7 work. pivotally attached to the frame 2. Furthermore, in both exemplary embodiments, a differential 11 is provided between the motor 10 and the two-wheel rear axle 7, the function and effect of which is readily known to experts and therefore does not need to be explained further here.

Both exemplary embodiments shown in the figures also have in common that a so-called lower link 12 is provided for changing the direction of travel. For this purpose, a handlebar 13 is ergonomically shaped and attached to a handlebar axis 14 below the driver 4. A handlebar 15 connects the handlebar 13 outside the handlebar axis 14 to a fork pivot point on the fork, so that the movement of the handlebar 13 is transmitted in parallel to the fork , so that the latter rotates about a steering axis 16 in analogy to the movement of the rod. A change in the direction of travel thus takes place in that the rotation of the handlebar 13 about the handlebar axis 14 by means of the handlebar rod 15 leads to a corresponding rotation of the fork about the steering axis 16.

By appropriately selecting the distances between the connecting point of the handlebar 15 with the handlebar 13 (also called handlebar pivot point) on the one hand and the fork pivot point on the steering axis 16 on the other hand, it is easy to step up or step down the handlebar angle with respect to the front wheel - be specified. Of course, any other means known from the art can also be used in order to predefine such a step-up or step-down in a fixed manner or, for example, depending on the driving speed.

Merely for the sake of completeness, reference is also made to pedals 7 and 18, which can be seen in the views and representations of FIGS. 1 and 3, and for controlling the motor

10 (accelerator pedal 17) and the brakes (brake pedal 18) serve. The tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to the invention can in principle also be equipped with a manual or automatic transmission, the technology of which is fundamentally known and therefore need not be explained further here. In particular, instead of the accelerator pedal 17, a throttle grip 17a, which is shown as an alternative in FIG. 3, can also be provided. In the latter case, it is then also possible for the pedal 17 to be designed as a brake pedal, and for the pedal 18 to be used to change gears or gears as in motorcycle technology, in which case, for example, a clutch lever, indicated at 19 in FIG. 3 is indicated, can be provided.

A further design option, which can be combined with preference in the present invention, is an inclination of at least the seat 3 when cornering. This can be actively triggered and / or regulated by the driver 4, and alternatively an automatic inclination of at least the seat 3 when cornering is possible, for which purpose suitable curve inclination devices 20, which are also generally referred to in the present documents as inclination technology or inclination technology, are provided , As already mentioned, such curve inclination devices 20 can only act on the seat 3, however, a coupling to the entire frame 2 is also possible. It is a further training option to design such curve inclination devices 20 in such a way that they have more or less effect automatically or adjustable or selectable depending on the vehicle speed, in particular when the drive is slow, such as when maneuvering, the curve inclination devices 20 have no effect at all.

When implementing the curve inclination devices 20 to the extent of the first and second exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. in a three-wheel version with a front wheel V and two rear wheels H, it is preferred that the rear axle 7 and thus in particular the rear wheels H remain unaffected by the curve inclination devices 20. However, it is also possible to include the position of the rear wheels H in the functional scope of the curve inclination devices 20, in any way.

The present invention can in particular also be implemented with a four-wheel design, i.e. realize a two-wheel front axle 6 and a two-wheel rear axle 7, as well as with a three-wheel version which has a two-wheel front axle 6 and a single-wheel rear axle 7. These two variants include also use the curve inclination devices 20 and their functional variants, which are described above, to advantage. Because of the low seating position, which is possible due to the design, there is also a two-wheeler

Version of the three-wheeled motor vehicle 1 can be realized in the frame 2 of the invention, since it is possible to support it with the driver's legs 4 while standing, but a three-wheeled version according to the exemplary embodiments in the figures of the drawings is particularly preferred.

The curve inclination devices 20 preferably contain electrical devices for effecting and adjusting the inclination. However, any other actuating and adjusting devices of a pneumatic and / or hydraulic nature can alternatively or additionally be used. For example, appropriately adjustable suspension struts can be used for the two-wheel rear axle 7 to implement the curve inclination devices 20, so that the entire frame 2, which can also be referred to as the front structure with respect to the rear axle 7, is then inclined with respect to the rear axle 7. It is further preferred if the curve inclination devices 20 exploit the driving situation itself, that is to say in particular cornering. For this purpose, the central forces occurring as a function of the speed driven are used for the inclination of at least the seat 3 with the driver 4, which can be provided alone or in combination with other actuating and adjusting devices.

In effect, the curve inclination devices 20 can be designed and act such that the wheels of the rear axle 7 are actually inclined, for example in the exemplary embodiments of the three-wheel motor vehicle 1 shown in FIGS an inclination of the seat 3 is counteracted, in particular until the inclination of the wheels of the rear axle 7 is just balanced.

The motor 10 serving as the drive source for the tricycle motor vehicle 1 can be any

Use technology to generate the drive rotation. For example, electric motors are just as suitable as two-stroke engines. However, engine 10 is preferably a four-stroke engine. Other advantageously suitable motor devices are so-called hybrid drives.

Furthermore, the motor 10 is arranged in front of the respective rear axle 7 in the two exemplary embodiments shown in the figures of the drawings. Depending on the intended use and thus the power requirement of the three-wheeled motor vehicle 1, more or less powerful motors can also be implemented in other places. A corresponding motor 10 can also be placed above or behind the rear axle 7. In principle, a construction as a so-called

Hub or wheel hub motor (not shown) possible, as is known, for example, from the design of scooters. A hub motor would then expediently only be assigned to one wheel, so that either a single-wheel axle would be driven with it, or with a two-wheel axle only one wheel would be driven and the other would simply run along, which would also have the advantage of saving the differential 11 ,

In principle, it is also possible to implement a front-wheel drive in the three-wheel motor vehicle 1 according to the invention, both in connection with a single-wheel and a two-wheel front axle 6. In the case of a front-wheel drive design, care should be taken that the weight of the drive does not affect the steering ( zu) adversely affected. Another drive option is an all-wheel drive, for which numerous implementation options are known to the person skilled in the art.

Furthermore, it is not absolutely necessary, although also preferred, that the front axle 6 is the steerable axle. Basically, it is possible within the framework 2 of the present invention that the rear axle 7 is designed as a steerable axle, specifically in a one- or two-wheeled design, as is the steerable front axle 6 according to the exemplary embodiments in the figures of the drawings can.

Furthermore, all-wheel steering, i.e. a steerable front axle 6 and a steerable rear axle 7 can be realized in the frame 2 of the present invention in the three-wheeled motor vehicle 1. Within the scope of 2 known technologies for all-wheel steering, different operating modes, i.e. In the same direction, the wheels of the two axles or the opposite directions of the wheels of the two axles as well as the same or different swivel dimensions of the wheels, manually and / or automatically adjustable, can be provided.

Instead of a steering rod 13, a steering lever can also be provided, which in particular can also be designed as a so-called joystick and can be connected to suitable servo devices which actuate the mechanics of the lower link 12 or act directly on the front wheel fork.

A few further preferred exemplary embodiments are explained below, the components or implementation of which can be seen from the drawing.

The tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to the invention contains a rear axle 7 with two rear wheels H and a frame 2 which is connected to the rear axle 7 by means of a tilting technique 20 and which has a single front wheel V on a front wheel fork 21 which is steerable, furthermore for steering the Front wheel V steering devices 22 are provided, the actuating devices 23 of which are accessible to a driver 4 at least substantially below and / or laterally of a seat 3 assigned to the frame 2.

In the operating method according to the invention, it is provided that a driver 4, for steering a front wheel V of a three-wheeled motor vehicle 1 with a frame 2 below and / or to the side of a seat 3 assigned to the frame 2, actuates actuating devices 23 of steering devices 22. The tricycle motor vehicle 1 and its operating method permit an inexpensive and space-saving design for the tricycle motor vehicle 1. In addition, an extremely comfortable posture of the driver 4 is achieved. It is of particular advantage that the actuation devices 23 of the steering devices 22 accessible to a driver 4 below and / or to the side of the seat 3 associated with the frame 2 make it possible for the seat 3 to be freely accessible for getting in or out, so that, for example, even people with disabilities, in particular from the waist down, can easily get on or up as a driver 4 of such a three-wheel motor vehicle 1 or can be put in or on it. The tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to the invention thus enables, in contrast to all other known generic tricycle motor vehicles, that many motorcyclists, particularly those who have been disabled by an accident, can in principle drive a vehicle themselves with the feeling that they can "bend" into curves.

The actuating devices 23 of the steering devices 22 preferably contain a lower link 12, which in particular is pivotably arranged at least essentially under the seat 3. Alternatively, a joystick (not shown) can also be a component of the actuating devices 23 of the steering devices 22, preferably next to the seat 3.

Another preferred embodiment consists of the fact that the tilting technology 20 contains sensor devices 24 for detecting driving operating states, control devices 26 for evaluating the detected driving operating states and actuating devices 25 for adjusting inclinations of the frame 2 with respect to the rear axle 7 as a function of the evaluation result of the control devices 26 , It can also be preferred that the sensor devices 24 contain a centrifugal force sensor, and that the centrifugal force sensor is especially designed to continuously or stepwise detect centrifugal forces that occur in the direction and / or size, further preferably the sensor devices 24 contain an inclination sensor, which is preferably embodied integrally or in combination with the centrifugal force sensor, that the inclination sensor is in particular designed to detect occurring inclinations in the direction and / or size continuously or stepwise. As an alternative or in addition, it can be provided that the control devices 26 are designed to initiate an inclination adjustment only when driving and, in particular, depending on the driving speed via the actuating devices 25, and / or that the actuating devices 25 have an actuator, in particular with an electric motor, and an actuating cylinder 27 which can be acted upon by it included, and that the actuating cylinder 27 is designed and arranged preferably directly or via mechanical devices between the rear axle 7 and the frame 2 for adjusting the angular position therebetween. It can also be preferably provided that the steering devices 22 contain transmission devices 28 coupled to the actuating devices 23, which are arranged and designed to form a functional connection between the actuating devices 23 and the front axle fork 21 for their steering movement, the transmission devices in particular 28 include lever devices 15 and / or rack devices, and or wherein the transmission devices 28 are wholly or partially housed in and / or under the frame 2.

A further preferred embodiment consists in the fact that the actuation devices 23 and / or possibly the transmission devices 28 contain servo devices (not shown) to support steering operations by the driver 4. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the actuating devices 23 and / or possibly the transmission devices 28 and / or possibly servo devices are connected in a controlling manner to the tilting technology 20, in particular a control unit belonging to it.

In yet another preferred development, it is provided that drive devices, such as motor 10, are included, which are connected to the rear axle 7, and / or that propulsion devices are included at least without a direct connection to the rear axle 7. The drive devices and / or the propulsion devices can contain at least one motor 10 which is an internal combustion engine or electric motor and / or which is designed as a hub motor and / or which is arranged at least approximately at the same height as the rear axle 7 and / or which is arranged in front of the rear axle 7. Further developments consist of the fact that the drive devices are designed as hybrid drives and / or contain at least two motors with different operating means, or that the drive devices contain a motor-driven air propeller, and / or that the drive devices contain speed step devices with at least two speed steps, wherein in particular the speed step devices contain shift and / or automatic transmission devices, and further preferably the speed step devices with manual transmission devices include clutch devices which can be opened and closed via release devices on the actuating devices 23 of the steering devices, and drive step selector devices which act as a switching pedal for foot actuation by the driver 4 are formed. It is also preferable to provide that the drive devices contain a speed controller, which may be designed as a speed control handle on the lower link 12 or possibly as a function on the joystick (not shown) or as a speed control pedal 17 for foot actuation by the driver 4. Another preferred embodiment consists in that braking devices are included which act on the front axle 6. It is also particularly preferred if the braking devices also act on the rear axle 7 and that the braking devices contain a braking force distributor, by means of which the braking force of the braking devices is distributed between the front axle 6 and the rear axle 7 according to a fixed ratio or in a controllable manner. Further refinements of this consist in that the braking devices contain at least one disc brake and a drum brake which acts on a wheel and / or that the braking devices contain a brake booster and / or that the braking devices contain a rear axle brake which is directly connected to a shaft of the rear axle 7 attacks. Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the braking devices contain activation devices or that activation devices are assigned to the braking devices, which preferably contain a pedal, a manual operating lever and / or a joystick.

Furthermore, it is preferred if differential devices 11 are provided for or in the rear axle 7, further preferably the differential devices 11 contain a locking differential that can be locked, in particular automatically and / or manually, preferably to a variable extent.

Yet another preferred embodiment is that the frame 2 is pivotally connected to the rear axle 7 via at least one ball joint 29, the frame 2 in particular being pivotally connected to the rear axle 7 via at least two ball joints 29, one of which is at the front and one at the rear attacks on the rear axle 7, preferably in front of and behind a motor 10 of drive devices.

In connection with the propulsion devices (not shown) given further above, a further embodiment consists in that in particular removable wings (not shown) are provided.

It is also preferred that the overall width of the vehicle at least not significantly exceed 100 cm, preferably 100 cm or less, and in particular approximately 85 cm to 100 cm. As an alternative or in addition, it is preferably provided that the center distance from the front axle 6 to the rear axle 7 of the vehicle is at least not 200 cm. considerably exceeds, preferably is 200 cm or less, and in particular is approximately 180 cm to 200 cm. It is particularly preferred that the ratio of the total width of the vehicle to the center distance from the front axle 6 to the rear axle 7 of the vehicle is at least approximately 1: 2.

Furthermore, it can preferably be provided that the seat 3 is designed like a bucket seat and / or that the seat 3 is exchangeable. As an alternative or in addition, it is preferred if footrests and / or drive pedals 17 and 18 are arranged on the frame 2 in the region of the front wheel fork 21, preferably in the direction of a forward drive behind it.

Further alternatives consist in that a leg protection sack (not shown) is included, which preferably has a zipper for getting in and out and or is connected to the seat 3 or merges into the seat 3, and / or that further protective and / or aerodynamic fairings (not shown) and / or a roof (not shown) and / or a windshield (not shown) are provided, which components are preferably designed to be opened or folded away.

A preferred development of the operating method according to the invention specified above consists in that a three-wheeled motor vehicle 1, as has been specified above in numerous variants, alternatives and design options, is operated functionally and / or as intended, that is to say method features from the functional and / or derive the device features directly or indirectly as intended.

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the description and in the drawings only by way of example and is not restricted thereto, but rather includes all variations, modifications, substitutions and combinations which the person skilled in the art will appreciate in particular within the scope of the claims and the general representations in the context of the claims Introduction of this description and the description of the exemplary embodiments and their representations in the drawing can be taken and combined with his professional knowledge and the prior art. In particular, all individual features and configuration options of the invention and its exemplary embodiments can be combined.

Claims

Expectations

1. tricycle motor vehicle 1 with a rear axle 7 with two rear wheels H and a frame 2, which is connected by means of a tilting technology 20 to the rear axle 7 and has a single front wheel V on a front wheel fork 21, which is steerable, characterized in that for Steering of the front wheel V steering devices 22 are provided, the actuating devices 23 of which are accessible to a driver 4 at least substantially below and / or laterally of a seat 3 assigned to the frame 2.

2. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuating devices 23 of the steering devices 22 include a lower link 12 which is in particular at least substantially pivotally arranged under the seat 3.

3. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuating devices 23 of the steering devices 22 preferably contain a joystick next to the seat 3.

4. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tilting technology 20 sensor devices 24 for detecting driving operating conditions, control devices 26 for evaluating the detected driving operating conditions and actuating devices 25 for adjusting inclinations of the frame 2 relative to the rear axle 7 as a function of contains the evaluation result of the control devices 26.

5. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 4, characterized in that the sensor devices 24 contain a centrifugal force sensor, and that the centrifugal force sensor is in particular designed to detect centrifugal forces occurring in the direction and / or size continuously or stepwise.

6. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 5, characterized in that the sensor devices 24 contain an inclination sensor, which is preferably embodied integrally or in combination with the centrifugal force sensor, in that the inclination sensor is in particular designed to detect occurring inclinations in the direction and / or size continuously or stepwise.

7. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the control devices 26 are designed to cause an inclination adjustment only when driving and in particular depending on the driving speed via the actuating devices 25.

8. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the actuating devices 25 contain an actuator, in particular with an electric motor, and an actuating cylinder 27 which can be acted upon, and that the actuating cylinder 27 preferably directly or via mechanical devices between the rear axle 7 and the frame 2 is designed and arranged for adjusting the angular position between them.

9. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steering devices 22 contain transmission devices 28 coupled to the actuating devices 23, which are arranged and designed to provide a functional connection of the actuating devices 23 with the front axle fork for their steering movement form.

10. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 9, characterized in that the transmission devices 28 include lever devices and / or rack devices.

11. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the transmission devices 28 are wholly or partially housed in and / or under the frame 2.

12. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating devices 23 and / or possibly the transmission devices 28 contain servo devices for supporting steering operations by the driver 4.

13. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating devices 23 and / or possibly the transmission devices 28 and / or possibly servo devices with the tilting technology 20, in particular a control unit belonging thereto, are connected in a controlling manner.

14. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that drive devices are included, which are connected to the rear axle 7, and / or that propulsion devices are included at least without a direct connection to the rear axle 7.

15. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 14, characterized in that the drive devices and / or the propulsion devices contain at least one motor 10 which is an internal combustion engine or electric motor and / or which is designed as a hub motor and / or which is at least approximately at the same level is arranged with the rear axle 7 and / or which is arranged in front of the rear axle 7.

16. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the drive devices are designed as a hybrid drive and / or contain at least two motors with different operating resources, or that the propulsion devices contain a motor-driven air propeller.

17. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the drive devices contain speed step devices with at least two speed steps.

18. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 17, characterized in that the speed step devices contain shift and / or automatic transmission devices.

19. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 18, characterized in that the speed stage devices with manual transmission devices include clutch devices which can be opened and closed via release devices on the actuating devices 23 of the steering devices, and drive step selector devices which act as a switching pedal for foot actuation by the driver 4 are formed.

20. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the drive devices contain a speed controller, which in particular, if necessary, acted as a speed control on the lower link 12 or possibly as a function on the joystick or as a speed control pedal for foot actuation by the driver 4 is formed.

21. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that braking devices are included which act on the front axle 6.

22. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 21, characterized in that the braking devices also act on the rear axle 7, and that the braking devices contain a braking force distributor, by means of which the braking force of the braking devices between the front axle 6 and the rear axle 7 is distributed according to a fixed ratio or controllably is.

23. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the braking devices contain at least one disc brake and a drum brake which acts on a wheel, and / or that the braking devices contain a brake booster, and / or that the braking devices include a rear axle brake contain, which acts directly on a shaft of the rear axle 7.

24. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the braking devices contain activation devices or that activation devices are assigned to the braking devices, which preferably contain a pedal, a manual operating lever and / or a joystick.

25. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that differential devices are provided for or in the rear axle 7.

26. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 25, characterized in that the differential devices contain a limited slip differential, which can be locked in particular automatically and / or manually, preferably to a variable extent.

27. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame 2 is pivotally connected to the rear axle 7 via at least one ball joint 29.

28. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to claim 27, characterized in that the frame 2 is pivotally connected to the rear axle 7 via at least two ball joints 29, one of which acts on the rear axle 7 at the front and one at the rear, preferably in front of and behind an engine 10 of drive devices.

29. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims in conjunction with propulsion devices according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that in particular removable wings are provided.

30. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that driving aids, preferably an anti-lock braking system and / or an anti-slip system and / or a skid prevention system, are included.

31. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overall width of the vehicle does not at least substantially exceed 100 cm, preferably 100 cm or less, and in particular is approximately 85 cm to 100 cm.

32. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the center distance from the front axle 6 to the rear axle 7 of the vehicle at least does not substantially exceed 200 cm, preferably 200 cm or less, and in particular approximately 180 cm to 200 cm is.

33. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the total width of the vehicle to the center distance from the front axle 6 to the rear axle 7 of the vehicle is at least approximately 1: 2.

34. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seat 3 is formed like a bucket seat, and / or that the seat 3 is interchangeable.

35. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the frame 2 in the region of the front fork 21, preferably in the direction of a forward drive behind it, footrests and / or drive pedals are arranged.

36. tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a leg protection bag is included, which preferably has a zipper for getting in and out and / or is connected to the seat 3 or merges into the seat 3.

37. Tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that protective and / or aerodynamic claddings and / or a roof and / or a windshield are / are provided as further components, which components are preferably designed to be opened or folded away are.

38. operating method for a tricycle motor vehicle 1, characterized in that a driver 4 for steering a single front wheel V of the tricycle motor vehicle 1 with a frame 2 below and or to the side of a seat 3 associated with the frame 2 actuates actuating devices 23 of steering devices 22.

39. Operating method according to claim 38, characterized in that the frame 2 is inclined in particular as a function of driving speed when cornering.

40. Operating method according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that a tricycle motor vehicle 1 according to one of claims 1 to 37 is operated functionally and / or as intended.