WO2005116624A1 - 光電流による高感度一塩基多型の検出方法 - Google Patents
光電流による高感度一塩基多型の検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005116624A1 WO2005116624A1 PCT/JP2005/009139 JP2005009139W WO2005116624A1 WO 2005116624 A1 WO2005116624 A1 WO 2005116624A1 JP 2005009139 W JP2005009139 W JP 2005009139W WO 2005116624 A1 WO2005116624 A1 WO 2005116624A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6827—Hybridisation assays for detection of mutation or polymorphism
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6816—Hybridisation assays characterised by the detection means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing single nucleotide polymorphism (hereinafter, also referred to as “SNP”) with high sensitivity using photocurrent.
- SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
- Single nucleotide polymorphism means a single nucleotide difference in the gene sequence of an individual, and is known to be related to disease-related genes and individual drug susceptibility. Therefore, the development of a fast, simple and inexpensive SNP typing method is indispensable from the viewpoint of next-generation tailor-made medicine and advanced medicine.
- SNPs are identified by detecting a signal change such as fluorescence based on hybridization between a target DNA and a probe DNA (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 or 2).
- Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose that double-stranded DNA is immobilized on an electrode surface, and is biased electrochemically, so that the speed at which electrons move to the Balta solution electrode is mismatched.
- a method has been reported for detecting SNP mismatches, which depends on the presence or absence of SNPs. However, the method for detecting SNP mismatch using photocurrent is not described!
- Non-patent literature l Nature Biotech. 1999, 17, 292
- Non-Patent Document 2 Genome Res. 2000, 10, 549
- Non-Patent Document 3 Nature Biotech. 2003, 21, 1192-9.
- Non-Patent Document 4 Curr.Opin.Chem.Biol. 2001, 5, 209-15.
- Non-Patent Document 5 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1125-1129
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel SNP analysis method using a photosensitizer and double-stranded DNA. Specifically, a novel SNP analysis that can efficiently and accurately detect SNP bases in target DNA while forming a double strand by hybridization between probe DNA having an SNP site and target DNA Method (ie, SNP typing method).
- the present invention provides the following SNP analysis method (SNP typing method) and the like.
- SNP typing method SNP typing method
- Item 1 A double-stranded DNA complex is formed by hybridizing a target DNA with a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site, and a photocurrent generated in the double-stranded DNA complex is measured.
- Item 2 A method for detecting a base at a single nucleotide polymorphism site of a target DNA by hybridizing the target DNA to a probe DNA having the nucleotide polymorphism site,
- Target DNA is hybridized to a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site, which is modified with an adenine continuous sequence to which an end is fixed to an electrode and to which a photosensitizer is bound, to form a double-stranded DNA complex.
- Item 3. A method of detecting a base at a single nucleotide polymorphism site of a target DNA by hybridizing a target DNA with a probe DNA having a nucleotide polymorphism site,
- Item 4 A method for detecting a base at a single nucleotide polymorphism site of a target DNA by hybridizing a target DNA with a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site, (lb) A probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site modified with an adenine continuous sequence to which a photosensitizer has been bound is hybridized with a target DNA to form a double-stranded DNA, and the end of the double-stranded DNA Forming a double-stranded DNA complex by providing an electrode to the
- Item 5. A method for detecting a base at a single nucleotide polymorphism site of a target DNA by hybridizing a target DNA with a probe DNA having a nucleotide polymorphism site,
- target DNA is hybridized to a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site modified with a thymine continuous sequence complementary to the adenine continuous sequence.
- Forming a double-stranded DNA complex by providing an electrode at the end of the double-stranded DNA.
- Item 6 The method according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the probe DNA has one single nucleotide polymorphism site.
- Item 7 The method according to claim 6, wherein three or more adenine are consecutively arranged.
- Item 8 The method according to item 6, wherein the photosensitizer is one selected from the group consisting of naphthalimide, naphthaldiimide, diphenylacetylene, flavin, anthraquinone, benzophenone, benzoin and xanthone.
- Item 9 A probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site, the end of which is fixed to an electrode and modified with a continuous sequence of adenine bound to a photosensitizer.
- Item 10 The probe DNA according to item 9, wherein the terminal is fixed to an electrode via an S atom and modified with a continuous sequence of three or more adenines to which a photosensitizer is bound. Probe DNA.
- the SNP analysis method (SNP typing method) of the present invention is a method for detecting a base at a single nucleotide polymorphism site of a target DNA, wherein the target DNA is added to a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site.
- a detection method characterized by forming a double-stranded DNA complex by hybridization, and measuring a photocurrent generated in the double-stranded DNA complex by photoexcitation of a photosensitizer.
- this detection method utilizes the fact that the detection intensity of the photocurrent generated in the double-stranded DNA is caused by a single-base mismatch or mismatch in the double-stranded DNA.
- the single nucleotide polymorphism site of the target DNA and the single nucleotide polymorphism site of the probe DNA have a complementary positional relationship.
- the SNP analysis method of the present invention is a method for detecting a base at a single nucleotide polymorphism site of a target DNA by subjecting the target DNA to hybridization with a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site,
- Target DNA is hybridized to a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site, which is modified with an adenine continuous sequence to which an end is fixed to an electrode and to which a photosensitizer is bound, to form a double-stranded DNA complex.
- step (1) adenine having one end fixed to an electrode and a photosensitizer bound thereto is used.
- the probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site is a DNA having a base sequence that becomes ⁇ -type with respect to the target DNA, and is composed of four nucleobases, ribose, phosphoric acid, etc. Can be used to synthesize a probe DNA having an arbitrary sequence.
- the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site of the probe DNA has a complementary positional relationship to the single nucleotide polymorphism site of the target DNA that can be detected by the detection method of the present invention.
- it is a site that forms a hydrogen bond with the SNP site of the target DNA when both hybridize to form double-stranded DNA.
- the detection method of the present invention is generally a method for detecting the base of one single nucleotide polymorphism site in a target DNA. Therefore, the target DNA to be detected has one single nucleotide polymorphism site. Are present.
- the single nucleotide polymorphism site is a force that can be detected at any site in the target DNA strand.In particular, if the single nucleotide polymorphism site is located at the center of the DNA strand, However, since the influence of the mismatch at the center on the formation of DNA duplex is strongly reflected by the current value, the detection sensitivity is improved.
- the probe DNA has a continuous sequence of adenine to which a photosensitizer is bound. This is because a hole shift reaction based on continuous hopping between adenine of holes generated by the photosensitizer (adenine hotbing) can efficiently generate a charge separation state on the hybridized double-stranded DNA. is there.
- the number of adenine in the continuous adenine sequence is 3 or more, preferably about 3 to 8, and more preferably about 4 to 6. Within such a range, the charge separation life is at least microseconds and a desired photocurrent can be obtained, which is preferable.
- the photosensitizer used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as its photoexcited state is capable of oxidizing adenine.
- a photosensitizer which is an aromatic compound which is easily reduced, has an absorption in the ultraviolet and ultraviolet visible regions, and has a relatively large singlet energy is preferable.
- examples include naphthalimide, naphthaldiimide (NI), diphenylacetylene, flavin, anthraquinone, benzophenone, benzoin, xanthone, and the like.
- NI naphthalimide
- diphenylacetylene flavin, anthraquinone, benzophenone, benzoin, xanthone, and the like.
- electron transfer theory suggests that recombination is slow and charge separation efficiency is improved, Naphthalimide and diphenylacetylene, which are expected to increase in degree, are preferred as photosensitizers.
- adenine is formed in the form of a 5′-phosphate ester via a photosensitizer (eg, naphthalimide) (a hydrocarbon chain having about 2 to 6 carbon atoms).
- a photosensitizer eg, naphthalimide
- a linker may be introduced at the 3 ′ end of the continuous adenine sequence, but a linker introduced into adenine in the form of a 5′-phosphate ester is preferred because it is easy to prepare. .
- a photosensitizer having an alkyl linker to which a hydroxyl group is bonded eg, naphthalimide, diphenylacetylene, etc.
- the probe DNA can be modified with a photosensitizer by coupling with the 5′-terminal hydroxyl group of the above.
- the method of immobilizing the terminal of the probe DNA to the electrode may be a known method.
- the probe DNA may be immobilized with a linker having an electrode fixing portion (a mercapto group (one SH group)) or the like.
- a method of modifying and fixing this to the electrode is exemplified.
- the linker include a hydrocarbon chain having a carbon number of ⁇ to 6, such as a C3 or C6 linker commercially available from Glen research.
- the mercapto group and the terminal of the probe DNA are linked via this linker.
- the linker may be introduced at the 3 'end or 5' end of the adenine continuous sequence of the probe DNA, but preferably introduced at the 3 'end.
- an electrode for fixing the probe DNA used in the present invention an electrode to which an electrode fixing portion of the probe DNA can be bonded is used. Specifically, an electrode having at least a surface composed of a gold alloy can be used.
- an electrode having at least a surface made of gold are a gold electrode made entirely of gold, an electrode in which the surface of a substrate made of a material other than gold is plated with gold, and Examples include an electrode in which a gold layer is provided on a base material by a method or the like.
- the probe DNA can be fixed to the electrode by a known method. For example, when a gold electrode is used, a gold electrode (table
- the probe DNA used in the present invention By arranging the probe DNA used in the present invention such that one kind of probe DNA corresponds to one electrode, and using a plurality of electrodes thus obtained, This enables simultaneous detection of SNPs in the target DNA. That is, by using the multi-array electrode, it is possible to detect a plurality of specimens simultaneously.
- Hybridization is performed with DNA.
- the hybridization reaction is preferably carried out in a buffer suitable for the reaction, usually at about 40 to 60 ° C., depending on the length of the DNA and the reaction conditions.
- the buffer include SSC (a buffer solution obtained by mixing sodium chloride and sodium citrate), a phosphate buffer, and a Tris hydrochloride buffer.
- step (1) the following steps (la) to (lc) may be employed instead of step (1).
- a target DNA is hybridized to a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site modified with a continuous sequence of adenine to which a photosensitizer has been bound to form a double-stranded DNA, and the double-stranded DNA A step of providing an electrode at the end to form a double-stranded DNA complex.
- a probe DNA having a single nucleotide polymorphism site modified with the thymine continuous sequence complementary to the adenine continuous sequence is added to a target DNA.
- an electrode is attached to the end of the double-stranded DNA. Forming a double-stranded DNA complex.
- step (1) the conditions shown in the above step (1) or conditions obtained by appropriately modifying the conditions can be used.
- steps (la) to (lc) the operation is simple, and in the subsequent steps (2) and (3), the base of the single nucleotide polymorphism of the target DNA is detected with high sensitivity and accuracy. be able to.
- Step (2) is to irradiate the double-stranded DNA complex formed in the first step with light to excite a photosensitizer to generate a charge separation state on the complex, This is the step of measuring the photocurrent generated in DNA at the electrode.
- the light source used for light irradiation is not particularly limited as long as it can excite the photosensitizer described above and does not adversely affect the double-stranded DNA.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure xenon lamp , A black light, an excimer laser, a deuterium lamp, a Hg-Zn-Pb lamp, or another type of light source, or two types of light sources having different wavelength ranges can be used.
- a xenon lamp and a high-pressure mercury lamp are preferable because a light source is relatively inexpensive and can extract a wide range of wavelengths having a high light intensity.
- the photocurrent intensity is detected by electrochemical measurement. Specifically, it can be measured using Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. CV-50W (apparatus name) or the like that can perform high-sensitivity measurement.
- the measurement conditions are, for example, as described in Example 2, by irradiating light of 366 nm in a phosphate buffer solution containing methyl viologen as an electron mediator and applying a bias of -100 mV to perform the measurement. .
- the charge separation state generated via adenine hopping from the photosensitizer and guanine hopping are not affected by water molecules as a medium.
- the flow of electrons in the double-stranded DNA is more obstructed than in the case of Furumatsu, so that the current intensity tends to decrease.
- Step (3) is a step of detecting a nucleotide at the single nucleotide polymorphism site of the target DNA based on the measured intensity of the current. Based on the photocurrent intensity obtained by irradiating light, Furumachi (normal type) and mismatch (abnormal type) are detected.
- the term “Furumatsu” means that the base pairs of double-stranded DNA are completely compatible. It is a complementary state, meaning that the target DNA is normal.
- mismatch refers to a state in which one base pair exists in a complementary relationship with a base pair of a double-stranded DNA, and that the target DNA is abnormal. Means.
- the present inventors have found that the charge transfer rate in double-stranded DNA greatly depends on a single base, Furumachi, and the mismatch, and furthermore, the photocurrent intensity varies depending on the type of the mismatch base. I found out.
- the detection method of the present invention it is possible to specify the type of mismatched base in the target DNA by simply measuring the change in the intensity of the photocurrent flowing in the double-stranded DNA complex, and not only detecting the difference between the Furumatsu and the mismatch. Becomes possible.
- the mismatch disrupts the DNA structure and causes a decrease in charge transfer efficiency, so that any mismatch reduces photocurrent intensity.
- a single-stranded target DNA in which a single nucleotide polymorphism site is already contributing is used, and a probe DNA complementary to the target DNA is synthesized.
- the type of base at the single nucleotide polymorphism site of the probe DNA can be identified.
- a strong photocurrent is observed, it is a full match, and by observing the degree of decrease in the photocurrent intensity, the type of the mismatched base can be identified.
- SNP analysis can be performed with high accuracy.
- the DNA is complementary to the SNP site in the target DNA.
- the intensity of the photocurrent differs depending on the type of base located at a specific position.
- the SNP site of the probe DNA is guanine (G)
- the intensity of the photocurrent decreases in the order of C> T, A> G at the complementary position.
- the SNP site of the probe DNA is cytosine (C)
- the photocurrent intensity decreases in the order of G> T, C> A
- the SNP site of the probe DNA is adenine (A).
- the efficiency can be determined by comparing these intensities. This makes it possible to detect SNP bases in each sample with high precision and accuracy (SNP typing).
- the intensity of the photocurrent varies depending on the type of the photosensitizer used, the length of the double-stranded DNA, and the like, but the above tendency is maintained.
- the charge transfer speed in double-stranded DNA is utilized as a change in the signal intensity of the photocurrent by utilizing the fact that the charge transfer speed in DNA is remarkably dependent on the mismatch and mismatch of a single base.
- the detection enabled rapid, simple, and inexpensive SNP detection (SNP typing). According to this methodology, it can be applied to a DNA chip, and is suitably used for searching for disease-related genes.
- the present method for simply and quickly detecting SNPs can be applied to the diagnosis of genes of individuals involved in diseases and susceptibility to illness, and can be used to adjust the amount of drugs according to individual differences. You can select the type, which will lead to the development of tailor-made medicine and genetic diagnosis.
- the SNP analysis method of the present invention can detect a change in photocurrent intensity depending on Furumachi and mismatch at SNP sites of a target DNA and a probe DNA constituting a double-stranded DNA complex with high sensitivity. Therefore, the base at the SNP site can be efficiently detected only by hybridizing the target DNA and the probe DNA, and optimization of complicated conditions is not required. Furthermore, since the electrode reaction is used, application to DNA chips is easy, and SNP detection can be performed quickly, easily, at low cost and with high accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a charge separation process in double-stranded DNA via adenine hopping.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hybridization in the SNP analysis method of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hybridization in the SNP analysis method of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a bond between adenine and a photosensitizer.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing that the intensity of the photocurrent changes.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing double-stranded DNA sequences 1 to 3 used in Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical measurement used in Example 2.
- naphthaldiimide as a photosensitizer
- phenothiazine as a positively charged probe molecule are bound to both ends of DNA.
- Oxynucleotides double-stranded DNA sequences 1-3, see Figure 6) were synthesized and examined for nanosecond laser flash photolysis in aqueous solution.
- NI site When the NI site is photoexcited by irradiation with a nanosecond pulse laser (wavelength: 355 nm), an excited state of NI is generated, a charge separation reaction occurs between nucleic acid bases in the vicinity, and furthermore, a reaction within the DNA chain occurs. A positive charge transfer reaction occurred. These charge transfer rates were determined by time-resolved transient absorption measurements.
- the hole movement speed is 31 X 10 5 in the case of Furumatsu (double-stranded DNA sequence 1).
- the AC mismatch (double-stranded DNA sequence 3) and GT mismatch (double-stranded DNA sequence 2) are calculated as 3.6 x 10 5 0.82 x 10 5 s- 1 respectively, and the hole transfer speed is 10 times or more depending on the presence or absence of the mismatch. It was found to change. In other words, it was revealed that the hole transfer rate in DNA greatly depends on the base sequence.
- the PTZ terminals of the three types of double-stranded DNA obtained in Example 1 were converted to thiol groups, reacted with a gold electrode, and the double-stranded DNA was bound to the gold electrode via a thiol group. This was irradiated with light, and the above-described photocharge separation occurred. The resulting current in the DNA is Was detected by photoelectrochemical measurement.
- the optical short-circuit current was observed using a Keithley 2001 digital multimeter on a two-electrode system consisting of a DNA-modified Au working electrode and a Pt counter electrode, and the light intensity was determined using an Anritsu ML9002A or Hamamatsu Si photodiode.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the photocurrent intensity.
- the charge transfer speed corresponds to the change in the signal intensity of the photocurrent. Therefore, by detecting the photocurrent with high sensitivity, the base at the SNP site can be detected.
- This method is used as a new SNP typing method and is also useful as a highly sensitive detection method for genetic diagnosis of gene polymorphisms, mismatches, and the like.
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JP2012233878A (ja) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-11-29 | Sysmex Corp | 被検物質の電気化学的検出方法 |
CN105259349A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-20 | 青岛农业大学 | 一种免固定生物传感电极的制备及其在免标记均相光致电化学农残检测与癌症诊断中的应用 |
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JP7158969B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2022-10-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 有機物プローブおよび分子検出装置 |
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JP2002503343A (ja) * | 1997-06-11 | 2002-01-29 | エコル・サントラル・ドゥ・リヨン | 導電性液体中に存在する生物的物質を同定及び/又は分析する方法と該方法を実行するのに使用される装置及びアフィニティセンサー |
WO2003014695A2 (de) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-20 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Biosensor und verfahren zum erfassen von makromolekularen biopolymeren mittels mindestens einer einheit zum immobilisieren von makromolekularen biopolymeren |
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JP2002503343A (ja) * | 1997-06-11 | 2002-01-29 | エコル・サントラル・ドゥ・リヨン | 導電性液体中に存在する生物的物質を同定及び/又は分析する方法と該方法を実行するのに使用される装置及びアフィニティセンサー |
WO2003014695A2 (de) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-20 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Biosensor und verfahren zum erfassen von makromolekularen biopolymeren mittels mindestens einer einheit zum immobilisieren von makromolekularen biopolymeren |
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JP2012233878A (ja) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-11-29 | Sysmex Corp | 被検物質の電気化学的検出方法 |
CN105259349A (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-20 | 青岛农业大学 | 一种免固定生物传感电极的制备及其在免标记均相光致电化学农残检测与癌症诊断中的应用 |
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