WO2005114869A1 - Systeme et procede d'identification du chemin ou des dispositifs se trouvant sur le chemin d'un signal de communication - Google Patents

Systeme et procede d'identification du chemin ou des dispositifs se trouvant sur le chemin d'un signal de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005114869A1
WO2005114869A1 PCT/US2005/016453 US2005016453W WO2005114869A1 WO 2005114869 A1 WO2005114869 A1 WO 2005114869A1 US 2005016453 W US2005016453 W US 2005016453W WO 2005114869 A1 WO2005114869 A1 WO 2005114869A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
primary
repeater
node
distortion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/016453
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Alles
Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr.
John Peter Carlson
Original Assignee
Andrew Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andrew Corporation filed Critical Andrew Corporation
Priority to US10/586,745 priority Critical patent/US7831200B2/en
Publication of WO2005114869A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005114869A1/fr
Priority to US12/908,627 priority patent/US8170473B2/en
Priority to US13/302,765 priority patent/US8385819B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations

Definitions

  • Applicant's disclosure is directed generally towards a wireless communications network for determining whether a signal from a mobile appliance is operated on by a repeater or other network device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional mobile-appliance communication system having base stations 10 a-c for communicating with a mobile appliance 20.
  • Each base station 10 contains signal processing equipment and an antenna for transmitting to and receiving signals from the mobile appliance 20 as well as other base stations.
  • a Base Station Controller (“BSC”) and/or Mobile Switching Center (“MSC”) 45 typically is connected to each base station 10 through a wire line connection 41.
  • a repeater 50a associated with base station 10a, is located to extend the coverage area to encompass the back side of the mountain 1.
  • the repeater 50b, associated with base station 10c is mounted on a building and is used to provide service within the building 2.
  • Non-translating repeater 250 simply passes the forward Fn and reverse R ⁇ frequencies from the base station 210 and mobile appliance 220 respectively to and from the repeater coverage location.
  • wideband repeaters are "in-building" or serve limited coverage areas. While the description of non-translating repeaters above and translating repeaters below are described in reference to frequency, their operation can equally be described in terms of channels, and the use of the term frequency should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosed subject matter.
  • a translating repeater assigns the mobile to a different traffic channel unbeknownst to the base station, mobile switch, MSC, and the base station controller.
  • the translating repeater uses the base station traffic channel Rn for repeater 250 to base station 210 communication while the mobile appliance 220 utilizes a separate frequency R f2 for mobile to repeater communications.
  • Translating repeaters act similarly in the forward direction using Fn from the base station 210 to the repeater station 250 and ⁇ n from the repeater station 250 to the mobile appliance 220. In both cases, the existence of the repeater is usually transparent to the network.
  • the function of the repeater station can be assumed to be equivalent to converting all signals in some received bandwidth from a Radio Frequency (RF) to some Intermediate Frequency (IF).
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • IF Intermediate Frequency
  • the IF signal bandwidth is then up-converted by suitably frequency shifting this bandwidth while concurrently applying both amplification and a fixed delay to the signals.
  • the signal x(k, t) is contained in the repeater bandwidth and w is the angular frequency center of the RF bandwidth.
  • the repeater downshifts the aggregate signal to generate
  • the function of the repeater is to convert the RF signal to an IF signal, delay and amplify that IF signal, up-convert the signal back to RF, and transmit the signal. This is true for both translating and non-translating repeaters.
  • Repeaters typically communicate with the host base station via an RF link as shown in Figure 3 between base station 310 and repeater 350a. This connection allows remote operation of the repeater without physical ties back to the host base station, which is particularly advantageous in rugged or other areas where laying lines is difficult or costly.
  • Some repeaters generally non-translating repeaters, use a fiber optic or copper wire "tether" instead of an RF link to communicate with the host base station as shown in Figure 3, where base station 310 is connected to repeater station 350b by tether 351. RF signals are placed onto the tether at the repeater and then summed into the normal base station antenna path at the antenna feed interface 311 at the host base station.
  • the signal from the repeater is indistinguishable to the base station regarding its origin (e.g., from the base station antennas or from a tether).
  • the host base station has no knowledge of the repeater's existence or that a call is being served by the repeater.
  • a repeater or other network device is serving a call.
  • a repeater installed as an in-building distribution system would use indoor antennas to communicate with the indoor handsets and an outdoor antenna to communicate with the host base station.
  • Figure 1 is a prior art wireless communication system.
  • Figure 2a is an illustration of the operation of a prior art non-translating repeater station.
  • Figure 2b is an illustration of the operation of a prior art translating repeater station.
  • Figure 3 is an illustration of a prior art wireless communication system with repeater stations connected with an RF link and over a tether.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic of an embodiment of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.
  • Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method for determining if and, if so which network device has operated on a signal according to an embodiment of the present subject matter.
  • a network analysis system can determine when a received signal from a mobile has passed through a repeater.
  • Prior art systems do not have this capability and consequently treat all the signals received by the base station as having been received directly from the target mobile.
  • the ability to determine if a signal from a mobile has passed through a repeater enables embodiments of the disclosed subject matter in a network analysis system to provide more efficient network management.
  • the foregoing embodiments are exemplary only and shall not be used to limit the invention.
  • the present subject matter relates to the case where signals can be received at base stations, or other receivers, either directly from the mobile appliance or through a repeater.
  • the ability to discern the difference between direct signals and repeated signals i.e., signals that arrive via a repeater) allows the network analysis system to collect data important to system operators.
  • signals can be received at base stations, or other receivers, either directly from the mobile appliance or through a repeater.
  • the ability to discern the difference between direct signals and repeated signals i.e., signals that arrive via a repeater
  • signals that arrive via a repeater allows the network analysis system to collect data important to system operators.
  • any network receiver or sensor receiving a signal from the repeaters can employ the described method.
  • This disclosed subject matter allows repeater identification via the insertion of a distortion encoded onto, over or into the primary signal in such manner that it is transparent to the primary receiver, such as a base station , mobile station or other network device such that the operation of the primary receiver remains identical in the presence or absence of the secondary information obtainable attributable to the distortion.
  • the secondary information attributable to the distortion because of its transparency is only recoverable by a secondary receiver which has access to both the input and output of the primary receiver.
  • implementation of the present subject matter may include a primary receiver and secondary receiver sharing some commonality, and need not actually be physically separated.
  • the secondary information is inserted as a secondary signal or secondary signals at one or more devices in the path of the primary signal as it traverses from the transmitter to the primary receiver
  • the secondary signal is formed as a function of both the device through which the primary signal passes and the primary signal.
  • s'(t) represents the secondary signal injected at a device with distortion i
  • s'(t) f(i,s(t))
  • the function /() represents the mapping and s(t) of course the primary signal.
  • the secondary signal is modified such that it appears to be a component of the distortion of whatever nature, experienced on the channel or link of the communication signal. Typical distortions on a communication link or path are thermal noise or other interfering signals; however other introduced distortions are also envisioned.
  • the distortion may be additive as in a co-channel signal or an Amplitude Modulation of the primary signal or it may be multiplicative as in a Phase or Frequency Modulation of the primary signal. If, for example, the distortion is to appear as additive noise, the modification is to scale the secondary signal so that it is below the power level of the noise, thus imperceptible to the primary receiver.
  • the Secondary signal is transmitted within the same channel as the primary signal, that is, in the same time period, slot, bandwidth or other generic channel characterization.
  • the secondary signal s'(t) is formed as a function fQ of the primary signal s(t) and the distortion i.
  • the second signal differs based not only on the particular repeater but also on the primary signal that is input to the repeater.
  • the repeater 402 receives a primary signal from the mobile appliance 401 or other network transmitter.
  • the primary signal s(t) is then operated on by a function f(s(t), i) where i is the distortion unique to the repeater.
  • the output of the repeater is a signal w(t), where w(t) includes both the primary signal s(t) and the secondary signal s'(t).
  • the network analysis system 403 then receives and processes the signal w(t) as described below to determine if the signal was received via a repeater and, if so, the specific repeater.
  • the function fQ generating the secondary signal from the primary signal and the known distortion has the property that given the output of the primary receiver, i.e. the primary signal, and the received signal, the function can be inverted so that the particular distortion is revealed.
  • the secondary receiver may have access to both the input and the output of the primary receiver.
  • the secondary receiver removes the primary signal from the input signal at the primary receiver, thus exposing the secondary signal.
  • That secondary receiver may also receive the transmitted signal independently of the primary receiver and only require the primary signal from the primary receiver.
  • the present subject matter equally envisions multiple devices in the path may be identified using the appropriate function gQ that represent the need inversions for each function /() each of which may have been operating at different device locations along the primary signal path.
  • a distortion in this case additive
  • the primary receiver extracts the primary signal s(t) and provides it to the secondary receiver, the secondary receiver then using g 2 Q , the inverse of f 2 () , obtains the distortion associated with the second repeater / 2 and then using g Q , the inverse of , () , the distortion associated with the first repeater / / is obtained.
  • This process may continue for any number of repeaters or network devices operating on the signal received by the primary receiver.
  • /, () and f 2 Q and similarly their inverses g, () and g 2 Q , need not be different, only the distortions i need be unique to the network device, if they are to be distinguished.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart for an embodiment of the current subject matter.
  • the communication system 500 includes for illustration only, a mobile 502, a repeater 509 and a primary and secondary receivers 520 and 530.
  • the mobile unit transmits a signal s(t) which is received at the repeater 509.
  • the repeater in addition to amplifying the signal also creates a secondary signal s'(t) as a function of a unique distortion i and the primary signal s(t) as shown in block 511. This secondary signal is inserted into the primary signal in block 512 and the repeater transmits the resultant signal w(t) as shown in block 513.
  • the primary receiver 520 receives the repeater transmitted signal w(t) in block 521 and outputs the primary signal s(t) in block 522, the data from the primary signal is then extracted as shown in block 523. If needed, the primary signal may also be reconstructed from the derived data, thus enhancing the quality of the recovered signal. The operation of the primary receiver in the current subject matter is unaffected by the secondary signal.
  • the secondary receiver receives the first signal w(t) and the primary signal s(t) from the primary receiver as shown in blocks 531 and 532 respectively. With the primary signal and the first signal w(t), an inverse function g() of f() is used to determine the distortion i, if any applied to the signal as shown in block 533. From the distortion i, the secondary receiver can determine if the received signal was operated on by a network device and if so by comparing the distortion to known distortions determine which repeater operated upon it as shown in block 534.
  • the secondary receiver given both the primary signal s(t) recovered at the primary receiver, and the additive secondary signal, removes the primary signal from the sum and derives the distortion using (under ideal circumstances) the operation (l/j)(l/(ca 2 )) In [s*(t)(w(t)-s(t))].
  • the function g() used by the secondary receiver is then equivalent to the operation (l/j)(l/(ca 2 )) In [s*(t)(w(t)-s(t))], and the function f() used at the repeater is equivalent to cs(t) e ix , (t) .
  • the same Phase Modulated signal may also be applied as a multiplicative distortion.
  • the secondary signal can take the form / s(t)x ! l) , where x t) is unique to the repeater. Since this distortion is applied multiplicatively, the signal at the primary receiver is s(t)e! s X i . The primary receiver is capable of recovering the original signal s(t) since the distortion is required to permit this behavior by a proper selection of x ⁇ (t).
  • the primary receiver then passes both the signal s(t) and the signal to the secondary receiver which implements the inverting function g0-
  • the function g() is equivalent to the operation (under ideal conditions) given by (l/j)(l/(a 2 )) ( ⁇ ls(t))m [s*(t)w(t)].
  • a co-channel secondary signal generated by applying an Amplitude Modulation (AM) to the entire repeater signal bandwidth and serving as an identifier, identifying that a mobile or other communication system device is being served through a particular repeater station, whose identity can be uniquely determined from the RF characteristics introduced by the repeater itself.
  • the magnitude of the inband signal as well as any adjacent channel interference caused by the AM process can be controlled.
  • the AM process can be applied so that it generates a signature signal buried deep within the noise.
  • the secondary signal can still be placed in the noise by suitably selecting the parameters of the AM process.
  • the primary receiver can recover the primary signal without any additional burden imposed by the existence of the secondary signal.
  • the secondary receiver having access to both the primary signal and the secondary signal can invert the secondary signal and thus uniquely identify the repeater or network device.
  • the introduced repeater identification signal the secondary signal
  • the secondary signal can be at a power level 9dB or lower than the primary signal; whereas, in an inactive channel, the secondary signal will be 9dB or lower than the preexisting noise in that channel.
  • the corresponding signature signal is preferably at a power level 9dB or lower than the pre-existing signal level in that channel.
  • the 9dB value is chosen simply to quantify the concept and any other number can be selected with equal applicability.
  • the secondary signal s '(t) distinguishes the particular repeater.
  • each repeater has a unique secondary signal derived from the unique distortion i.
  • the collection of such distortions i over a set of repeaters, denoted S, may be drawn from sets of waveforms with specific properties, in the case where the distortion is an interfering signal.
  • the set S may be orthogonal, quasi-orthogonal, or shift- orthogonal.
  • the properties of the distortions used to generate the set S will, among other things, depend on the number of repeaters implemented in a cellular system cell or sector. Code sequences such as Golay-Hadamard and other sequences are equally envisioned when appropriate.
  • TA Timing Advance

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant d'appliquer une modification connue sous la forme d'une distorsion à un signal de façon à pouvoir déterminer si un signal reçu par un premier noeud est reçu directement d'un second noeud ou indirectement par le biais d'un répéteur (402). Le répéteur reçoit un signal principal et crée un signal secondaire en fonction du signal principal et une distorsion connue, ladite distorsion connue identifiant le répéteur. Le signal principal est transmis et injecté avec le signal secondaire comme le premier signal au premier récepteur.
PCT/US2005/016453 2004-05-12 2005-05-11 Systeme et procede d'identification du chemin ou des dispositifs se trouvant sur le chemin d'un signal de communication WO2005114869A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/586,745 US7831200B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2005-05-11 System and method for identifying the path or devices on the path of a communication signal
US12/908,627 US8170473B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2010-10-20 System and method for identifying the path or devices on the path of a communication signal
US13/302,765 US8385819B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2011-11-22 System and method for identifying the path or devices on the path of a communication signal

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US57006704P 2004-05-12 2004-05-12
US75008104P 2004-05-12 2004-05-12
US57008204P 2004-05-12 2004-05-12
US60/570,067 2004-05-12
US60/750,081 2004-05-12
US60/570,082 2004-05-12

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/586,745 A-371-Of-International US7831200B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2005-05-11 System and method for identifying the path or devices on the path of a communication signal
US12/908,627 Continuation US8170473B2 (en) 2004-05-12 2010-10-20 System and method for identifying the path or devices on the path of a communication signal

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WO2005114869A1 true WO2005114869A1 (fr) 2005-12-01

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4475243A (en) * 1982-12-21 1984-10-02 Motorola, Inc. Isolation method and apparatus for a same frequency repeater
US6353729B1 (en) * 1997-11-14 2002-03-05 Nortel Networks Limited Using an RF repeater in CDMA applications to combat interference caused by a non-collocated radio
US20020061763A1 (en) * 2000-11-21 2002-05-23 Haim Weissman Automatic gain setting in a cellular communications system
US20030086362A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-05-08 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University And Fujitsu Limited Joint reduction of NEXT and FEXT in xDSL systems
US20050130587A1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2005-06-16 Ntt Docomo, Inc Radio repeater and radio relay transmission method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4475243A (en) * 1982-12-21 1984-10-02 Motorola, Inc. Isolation method and apparatus for a same frequency repeater
US6353729B1 (en) * 1997-11-14 2002-03-05 Nortel Networks Limited Using an RF repeater in CDMA applications to combat interference caused by a non-collocated radio
US20020061763A1 (en) * 2000-11-21 2002-05-23 Haim Weissman Automatic gain setting in a cellular communications system
US20030086362A1 (en) * 2001-11-06 2003-05-08 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University And Fujitsu Limited Joint reduction of NEXT and FEXT in xDSL systems
US20050130587A1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2005-06-16 Ntt Docomo, Inc Radio repeater and radio relay transmission method

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