WO2005114790A1 - Petits radiateurs en guide d'ondes pour alimentations etroitement espacees sur antennes multifaisceaux - Google Patents

Petits radiateurs en guide d'ondes pour alimentations etroitement espacees sur antennes multifaisceaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005114790A1
WO2005114790A1 PCT/US2005/017566 US2005017566W WO2005114790A1 WO 2005114790 A1 WO2005114790 A1 WO 2005114790A1 US 2005017566 W US2005017566 W US 2005017566W WO 2005114790 A1 WO2005114790 A1 WO 2005114790A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
horn
feed
band
feeds
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/017566
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English (en)
Inventor
Scott J. Cook
Original Assignee
Cook Scott J
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cook Scott J filed Critical Cook Scott J
Publication of WO2005114790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005114790A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally related to antenna systems designed to receive broadcast signals with circular polarity and, more particularly, is directed to digital video broadcast satellite (DVBS) antenna systems.
  • DVBS digital video broadcast satellite
  • Figure 1 provides an example of a single reflector with 3 closely spaced speeds for simultaneous reception from 3 satellites.
  • a specific example of where this challenge arises are in systems requiring simultaneous reception from a Ku BSS band satellite at 101° as well as one or more Ku BSS band or Ka band satellites are about 2 deg (or less) away from the Ku BSS satellite.
  • the Ka band and Ku BSS satellites have lower EIRP (power density on the ground) and are much closer to potential interference sources (generally around 2°).
  • EIRP power density on the ground
  • potential interference sources generally around 2°
  • the Ka band and Ku band BSS feed horns should not be made inordinately small.
  • the Ku-DBS band horn can be made relatively small because the dish size required for Ka or Ku BSS is oversized for the DBS service (with it's higher EIRP).
  • FIGs 3a, b show a typical situation where circular radiators are used next to elliptical or rectangular feed(s). In this , example very little space is available between the feeds. They are probably to close for die-casting the wall needed between them. Typically 0.05" thickness is needed for the wall.
  • Other systems introduce dielectric material into the DBS feed(s) in order to reduce size. These dielectric feeds can generally be made small enough to allow the feeds to be placed at the correct location (separation) to eliminate bore sight errors but dielect ⁇ c material introduces loss sacrificing antenna gain and noise temperature. Cost and manufacturing complexity is also generally increased with the addition of a dielectric material. In addition many implementations extend the dielectric material well beyond the circular wave-guide in order to improve the feeds directivity and match.
  • phase center of such a feed is usually somewhere between the end of the dielectric and the metal wave-guide. This can pose a problem to the adjacent feeds if a portion of the dielectric feed partially blocks the path the adjacent feed(s).
  • Figures 4a, b show how dielectric shrinks the circular feed diameter providing more space between the feeds. It also shows how the dielectric sticks out in front of the feeds causing blockage of energy into the adjacent feeds at some angles of incidence.
  • Dual reflector systems can be used to increase feed spacing and improve performance but these systems generally increase cost and complexity. There is, therefore, a continuing need for a multi-beam, multi-band antenna with closely spaced antenna feed horns operable for simultaneously receiving signals from multiple satellites that are closely spaced from the perspective of the antenna.
  • the invention provides a solution to the problems discussed above by using wave guide structures that are narrower than circular wave guide structures particularly in the direction that allows additional feeds to be placed very closely in order to reduce or eliminate bore sight errors without the introduction of dielectric material and without substantial increases in focal length. So this invention immediately minimizes cost and improves performance by eliminating dielectric losses and keeping the feed support arm short.
  • this invention has several possible embodiments most of which are easily manufactured in high volume because they can be integrated directly into the LNBF die-cast housing. Furthermore for circular polarity most of the embodiments of this invention allow a CP polarizer to also be integrated directly into the housing. This invention has obvious advantages on single reflector systems but could also be used in dual reflector systems where feed spacing is still a concern.
  • Figure 1a is a top view of an antenna that includes three closely antenna feed horns.
  • Figure 1 b is side view of the antenna of Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 is a graphical illustration of boresight error caused by antenna feed offset in the antenna of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3a is a conceptual perspective side view of a three-horn antenna feed block including a round feed horn located between an elliptical feed horn and a rectangular feed horn.
  • Figure 3b is a front view of the three-horn antenna feed block of figure 3a.
  • Figure 4a is a conceptual perspective side view of a three-horn antenna feed block including a round feed horn with a dielectric cone located between an elliptical feed horn and a rectangular feed horn.
  • Figure 4b is a front view of the three-horn antenna feed block of figure 4a.
  • Figure 5a-w consisting three drawing sheets, shows conceptual front views of 21 possible antenna feed horn aperture configurations.
  • Figure 6a is a conceptual perspective side view of a three-horn antenna feed block including a square feed horn located between an elliptical feed horn and a rectangular feed horn.
  • Figure 6b is a front view of the three-horn antenna feed block of figure 6a.
  • Figure 7a is a conceptual perspective side view of a three-horn antenna feed block including a cross shaped feed horn located between an elliptical feed horn and a rectangular feed horn/
  • Figure 7b is a front view of the three-horn antenna feed block of figure 7a.
  • Figure 7c is a conceptual perspective side view of a three-horn antenna feed block including a cross shaped feed horn located between an elliptical feed horn and a square feed horn.
  • Figure 7d is a front view of the three-horn antenna feed block of figure 7c.
  • Figure 8a is a perspective view of a small square horn with a circular polarity polarizer that transitions from circular to elliptical and back to circular waveguide.
  • Figure 8b is a perspective view of a small square horn with a circular polarity polarizer that transitions from square to rectangular and back to square waveguide.
  • the embodiments of the present invention meet the challenge of designing and manufacturing a single antenna with multiple closely spaced feed horns for simultaneous reception from (and/or transmission to) multiple satellites that are closely spaced from the perspective of the antenna.
  • the feed horns and associated circular polarity antenna systems for multiple-beam, multi-band antennas are designed to achieve good circular polarity performance over broad and multiple frequency bands.
  • elliptically and other shaped horn apertures are described in the examples in this disclosure, however this invention can be applied to any device that introduces phase differentials between orthogonal linear components that needs to be compensated for in order to achieve good CP conversion and cross polarization (Cross polarization) isolation including but not limited to any non-circular beam feed, rectangular feeds, oblong feeds, contoured corrugated feeds, feed radomes, specific reflector optics, reflector radomes, frequency selective surfaces etc.
  • examples in this disclosure primarily refer to reception or signals and generally referred to a single circular polarity. However reciprocity applies to all of these embodiments given they are generally low loss passive structures.
  • horns, CP polarizers and phase compensation sections obviously support both senses of CP (RHCP and LHCP). If both senses are impinging on the horn then they will be converted to 2 orthogonal linear polarities that can be easily picked up with 2 orthogonal probes and/or slots etc. So the approaches described in embodiments 1 and 2 can be used for systems transmitting and/or receiving power in any combination of circular polarities: single CP or Dual CP for each band implemented including multiple widely spaced frequency bands. It should be pointed out that for simplicity, specific phase values were often given in the examples, but the phase compensation concepts explained above are general.
  • the inventor provides examples using a nominal 90 degrees phase differential between orthogonal linear components as the target for achieving CP conversion however it is understood that a nominal -90 degrees or any odd integer multiple of -90 or 90 degrees will also achieve good CP (...-630, -450, -270, -90, 90, 270, 450, 630 etc.) and this invention covers those cases as well.
  • the horn could introduce a 470 degrees phase differential and the opposite phase slop section could introduce a -200 degrees phase differential resulting in a total 270 degrees phase differential.
  • CP polarizer is not limited to a device achieving a theoretically perfect conversion from circular polarity to linear polarity, but instead includes devices that achieves a conversion from circular polarity to linear polarity within acceptable design constraints for its intended application.
  • Figures 1a-b is a top view of an antenna 100 that includes three closely antenna feed horns 104a-c.
  • Figure 2 is a graphical illustration 200 of boresight error caused by antenna feed offset in the antenna 100.
  • Figures 3a-b ishow a three-horn antenna feed block 300 including a round feed horn 302 located between an elliptical feed horn 304 and a rectangular feed horn 306.
  • Figures 4a-b show a three-horn antenna feed block 400 including a round feed horn 402 with a dielectric cone 404 located between an elliptical feed horn 406 and a rectangular feed horn 408.
  • Figures 5a-w consisting three drawing sheets, shows conceptual front views of 21 possible antenna feed horn aperture configurations 501 through 521.
  • Figures 6a-b show a three-horn antenna feed block 600 including a square feed horn 602 located between an elliptical feed horn 604 and a rectangular feed horn 606.
  • Figures 7a-b show a three-horn antenna feed block 700 including a cross shaped feed horn 702 located between an elliptical feed horn 704 and a rectangular feed horn 706.
  • Figures 7c-d show a three-horn antenna feed block 740 including a cross shaped feed horn 742 located between an elliptical feed horn 744 and a square or diamond feed horn 746.
  • the square or diamond shaped feed horn 746 has been rotates so that a corner of the feed horn fits into a corner of the cross shaped feed horn 742 to further reduce the feed horn spacing in this embodiment.
  • Figure 8a shows a horn and polarizer assembly 800 including a small square horn 806 with a circular polarity transition/polarizer section 804 that transitions from circular to elliptical and back to circular waveguide at the circular waveguide port 802.
  • Figure 8b shows a horn and polarizer assembly 840 including a small square horn 826 with a circular polarity transition/polarizer section 824 that transitions from square to rectangular and back to square waveguide at the square waveguide port 822.
  • a circular wave-guide of that same diameter has a cut off frequency of 13.0 GHz and would therefore not even operate in the desired band.
  • a circular waveguide would have to be .623" in diameter in order to have a cut off frequency of 11.1 GHz . .623" is 17% increase in width over the square wave-guide, providing less space for the feeds as show in figures 3a, b.
  • Figures 7a,b,c,d show another embodiment that uses a cross radiator oriented such that the larger adjacent feeds can be located even closer. In this particular example the horizontal length between extreme opposing corners is only .478" for a cross radiator designed for 12.2-12.7 GHz.
  • the adjacent feeds are elliptical or circular in shape they can be even closer because the cross radiator is extremely narrow along the horizontal line that the feed centers lie on. This is even more pronounced if the adjacent feeds are diamond shaped as shown in Figures 7c,d.
  • the first feed horn receives a beam in the frequency band of 12.7-12.7 GHz (Ku BSS band) from a satellite located at 101 degrees west longitude
  • the second feed horn receives a beam in the frequency band of 18.3-18.8 and 19.7-20.2 GHz (Ka band) from a satellite located at 102.8 degrees west longitude
  • a third feed horn receives a beam in the frequency band of 18.3-18.8 and 19.7-20.2 GHz (Ka band) from a satellite located at 99.2 degrees west longitude.
  • a typical CP polarizer simply introduces a 90 deg phase differential between the 2 orthogonal linear components that comprise circular polarity.
  • a circular polarity "CP" polarizer can be added and/or in some cases integrated to this small radiator structure.
  • Figures 8a-b provide examples of this consisting of a small horn section followed by a circular waveguide polarizer section in which orthogonal sets of walls transition at different rates along the length of the polarizer so that the height does not equal the width of the waveguide cross-section over an appropriate length in order to introduce the needed 90 deg phase differential is introduced.
  • relatively smooth transitions were used along the length of the polarizer but abrupt steps can be used instead in order to reduce length.
  • traditional metal septums, irises and dielectric polarizers can be used as well to introduce the needed phase shift.
  • Figures 8a-b also include a CP polarizer as part of the transition from small radiator to output wave-guide. Near the middle of the transition/polarizer, the x-section width is greater than the height. This in combination with the correct length provides the mechanism to introduce the 90 deg phase differential needed for good CP conversion and cross polarization performance (x-pol isolation) .

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur une antenne à cornet elliptique pour télévision numérique par satellite (DVBS) relativement peu coûteuse, facile à installer et esthétiquement plaisante conçue pour recevoir des signaux de diffusion de télévision par satellite à polarité circulaire. Une antenne de ce type peut être utilisée comme antenne multibande multifaisceau comportant plusieurs cornets d'alimentation d'antenne étroitement espacés (602, 604, 606) conçus pour recevoir simultanément des signaux de multiples satellites qui sont étroitement espacés du point de vue de l'antenne.
PCT/US2005/017566 2004-05-18 2005-05-18 Petits radiateurs en guide d'ondes pour alimentations etroitement espacees sur antennes multifaisceaux WO2005114790A1 (fr)

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US57208004P 2004-05-18 2004-05-18
US60/572,080 2004-05-18

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3936835A (en) * 1974-03-26 1976-02-03 Harris-Intertype Corporation Directive disk feed system
JPS57157603A (en) * 1981-03-24 1982-09-29 Toshiba Corp Reflector antenna
DE9013455U1 (fr) * 1990-09-24 1991-02-07 Meier, Gerd E.A., Dipl.-Phys. Dr., 3400 Goettingen, De
WO2001067555A2 (fr) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-13 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenne a faisceaux multiples, utilisant des elements alimentes remplis de dielectriques, pour des satellites tres rapproches
US6580391B1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-06-17 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenna alignment system and method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3936835A (en) * 1974-03-26 1976-02-03 Harris-Intertype Corporation Directive disk feed system
JPS57157603A (en) * 1981-03-24 1982-09-29 Toshiba Corp Reflector antenna
DE9013455U1 (fr) * 1990-09-24 1991-02-07 Meier, Gerd E.A., Dipl.-Phys. Dr., 3400 Goettingen, De
WO2001067555A2 (fr) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-13 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenne a faisceaux multiples, utilisant des elements alimentes remplis de dielectriques, pour des satellites tres rapproches
US6580391B1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-06-17 Hughes Electronics Corporation Antenna alignment system and method

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"EINE SCHUESSEL FUER FUENF SATELLITEN", FUNKSCHAU, WEKA-FACHZEITSCHR. VERLAG, POING, DE, vol. 63, no. 13, 14 June 1991 (1991-06-14), pages 66 - 67, XP000234434, ISSN: 0016-2841 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 006, no. 259 (E - 149) 17 December 1982 (1982-12-17) *

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